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A new caridean shrimp family, Chlorotocellidae, is established to accommodate four genera previously assigned to Pandalidae, viz., Chlorotocella Balss, 1914 (type genus), Chlorocurtis Kemp, 1925, Anachlorocurtis Hayashi, 1975, and Miropandalus Bruce, 1983, which represents the sister clade to a clade consisting of all other pandalid genera (including the two genera previously assigned to Thalassocarididae) in a recent comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of Pandaloidea. Diagnoses are provided for the new family and its constituent genera, and a comparison with Pandalidae is provided, for which a new diagnosis is given.

Calipandalus elachys Komai & Chan, 2003 [New Japanese name: Adeyaka-hime-jinken-ebi] Fig. 6 Calipandalus elachys Komai & Chan, 2003: 883, figs. 1���4 [type locality: Taiwan, 267���302 m].��� De Grave & Fransen 2011: 440. Material examined. T/RV ���Toyoshio-maru���, 2001-06 cruise, stn 7-1, W of Amami-ohshima Island, 28��21.23���N, 129��13.60���E, 285���288 m, 27 May 2002, beam trawl, coll. T. Komai, 1 female (cl 4.0 mm), CBM-ZC 10624. Distribution. Previously known from SE of Taiwan, Solomon Islands and New Caledonia, suggesting a wide geographical range in the western Pacific; at depths of 229���373 m (Komai & Chan, 2003). The present specimen represents the first record of this species from Japanese waters, slightly extending the geographical range to the north. Remarks. Calipandalus elachys, the type species of the monotypic genus Calipandalus Komai & Chan, 2003, resembles species of Plesionika Spence Bate, 1888 in having thin, elongate maxilliped 3 and pereopods 1, 3���5. Nevertheless, it is immediately distinguished from Plesionika by the absence of an exopod on the maxilliped 3 (Fig. 6C) (Komai & Chan, 2003). Other characters diagnosing C. elachys include: rostrum reaching only to distal margin of article 1 of antennular peduncle (less than half of carapace length), armed dorsally with 9���11 spines of which 5���7 on carapace bearing basal suture and ventrally with 2 or 3 tiny subdistal spines (Fig. 6A); orbital margin of carapace with bristle-like setae, suborbital lobe broadly rounded (Fig. 6A); pleura of pleomeres 4 and 5 each with small posteroventral spine (Fig. 6B); telson armed with 4 pairs of dorsolateral spiniform setae (including 1 pair at posterolateral corners) (Fig. 6B); eye large, with conspicuous ocellus (Fig. 6A); pereopods 2 chela with distinct hiatus between fingers proximally; carpi of pereopods 3���5 all shorter than propodi (Fig. 6D); dactyli of pereopods 3���5 short, less than 0.2 times as long as propodi, poorly armed on flexor margin (at most 1 or 2 minute spiniform seta present) (Fig. 6E). The present specimen lacks pereopods 2, but otherwise well agrees with C. elachys in the diagnostic characters mentioned above; the rostrum has 10 dorsal spines, including 5 postrostral, and 2 tiny ventral subdistal spines, included well within the known variation range. The tegmental scales on the carapace, telson and antennal scales, mentioned in the original description, are not seen in the present specimen, but minute pits representing the basal sockets of the tegmental scale are seen. The present specimen represents the second record of the species since the original description., Published as part of Komai, Tomoyuki, Ohtsuka, Susumu, Yamaguchi, Shuhei & Nakaguchi, Kazumitsu, 2018, New records of six deep-sea caridean shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda) from the Ryukyu Islands and its adjacent waters, southwestern Japan, pp. 114-128 in Zootaxa 4457 (1) on pages 120-122, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4457.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/1457611, {"references":["Komai, T. & Chan, T. - Y. (2003) A new genus and species of pandalid shrimp (Decapoda: Caridea) from the western Pacific. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 23, 880 - 889. https: // doi. org / 10.1651 / C- 2373","De Grave, S. & C. H. J. M. Fransen (2011) Carideorum catalogus: the recent species of the dendrobranchiate, stenopodidean, procarididean and caridean shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda). Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden, 85, 195 - 589.","Spence Bate, C. (1888) Report on the Crustacea Macrura collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the Scientific Results of the Foyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876, Zoology, 24, 1 - 942, 150 pls. [2 Vols.]"]}

Austropandalus grayi (Cunningham, 1871) Occurs in the southeastern Pacific from northwestern Peru to the Straits of Magellan, as well as in the southern Atlantic from Cabo Frio (Brazil) southwards to Patagonia and Falkland Islands, (Holthuis 1952; Boschi et al. 1981, 1992; Arntz et al. 1999; Thatje & Bacardit 2000c); benthic, 5– 225 m. Although Basher & Costello (2014) consider the species to occur south of the Antarctic Polar Front, all records cited therein are sub-Antarctic. Synonym: Pandalus paucidens Miers, 1881., Published as part of D'Acoz, Cédric D'Udekem & Degrave, Sammy, 2018, A new genus and species of large-bodied caridean shrimp from the Crozet Islands, Southern Ocean (Crustacea, Decapoda, Lipkiidae) with a checklist of Antarctic and sub-Antarctic shrimps, pp. 201-240 in Zootaxa 4392 (2) on page 221, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4392.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1195302, {"references":["Holthuis, L. B. (1952) Reports of the Lund University Chile Expedition 1948 - 1949. 5. The Crustacea Decapoda Macrura of Chile. Lunds Universitets Arsskrift, N. F., Avd. 2, 47 (10), 1 - 110.","Thatje, S. & Bacardit, R. (2000 c) Larval development of Austropandalus grayi (Cunningham, 1871) (Decapoda, Caridea, Pandalidae) from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Crustaceana, 73 (5), 609 - 628. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 156854000504697","Miers, E. J. (1881) Account of the Zoological collections made during the Survey of H. M. S. ' Alert' in the Straits of Magellan and on the coast of Patagonia. Crustacea. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1881, 61 - 79."]}

Notopandalus magnoculus (Spence Bate, 1888) Endemic to New Zealand, occurring from Northland south to the Campbell Plateau (Webber et al. 1990; Yaldwyn & Webber 1990); semi-pelagic, 0–600 m., Published as part of D'Acoz, Cédric D'Udekem & Degrave, Sammy, 2018, A new genus and species of large-bodied caridean shrimp from the Crozet Islands, Southern Ocean (Crustacea, Decapoda, Lipkiidae) with a checklist of Antarctic and sub-Antarctic shrimps, pp. 201-240 in Zootaxa 4392 (2) on page 222, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4392.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1195302, {"references":["Spence Bate, C. S. (1888) Report on the Crustacea Macrura collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the Years 1873 - 76. In: Murray, J. (Ed.), Zoology. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger During the Years 1873 - 76, 24, pp. i - xc, 1 - 942, pls. 1 - 157.","Webber, W. R., Fenaughty, C. M. & Clark, M. R. (1990) A guide to some common offshore shrimp and prawn species of New Zealand. New Zealand Fisheries Occasional Publication, 6, 1 - 42."]}

P. lophotes Chace, 1985 Description. Rostrum remarkably curving dorsally, 1.5 times as long as carapace, dorsal margin with 14 teeth including 5���6 on carapace, all teeth on carapace with distinct basal sutures and movable, ventral margin with 13��� 18 teeth; abdomen smooth and rounded dorsally, pleura of fourth and fifth somites with small marginal tooth posteriorly sixth somite 1.5 times as long as maximum height; eye broadly subpyriform, maximum diameter about 0.2 carapace length; 3rd maxilliped overreaching distal margin of antennal scale by half of ultimate segment, with epipod, penultimate segment about 0.7 as long as ultimate segment; 2nd pereopods unequal with epipods, not extremely slender or thread-like, left overreaching antennal scale by distal 3 segment and anterior 0.3 of merus, with 147 carpal articles, right overreaching antennal scale by entire chela and anterior 0.7 of carpus, with 40 carpal articles (Kim et al. 2012). Distribution. Indo-West Pacific: Korea, Japan, Philippines, Vietnam and southern Arabia; at depths of 105��� 329 m (Kim et al. 2012)., Published as part of Ahamed, Ferdous, Cardoso, Irene A., Ahmed, Zoarder F., Hossain, Md. Y. & Ohtomi, Jun, 2017, An overview of the genus Plesionika Bate, 1888 (Decapoda, Caridea, Pandalidae) in Asian waters, pp. 575-593 in Zootaxa 4221 (5) on page 585, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4221.5.6, http://zenodo.org/record/253575, {"references":["Chace, F. A. Jr. (1985) The caridean shrimps (Crustcea: Decapoda) of the Albatross Philippine Expedition, 1907 - 1910, Part 3: Families Thalassocarididae and Pandalidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 411, 1 - 143. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.411","Kim, J. N., Choi, J. H., Lee, J. H. & Kim, J. I. (2012) Six Pandalid Shrimps of the genus Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea) in Korea. Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity, 28, 105 - 116."]}

P. simulatrix Chace, 1985 Description. Rostrum far overreaching antennal scale, armed dorsally, on basal crest only, with 6���9 teeth, including 2���4 on carapace posterior to level of orbital margin, 1 or more posteriormost teeth sometimes with faint, incomplete basal suture, none with barbed tips, armed ventrally with 29���49 teeth; abdomen without posteromesial tooth or median dorsal carina on 3rd somite; eye broadly subpyriform, maximum diameter about 1/4 carapace length, ocellus represented by tapering, subtruncate lobe, broadening slightly rather than constricted at juncture with cornea; 3rd maxilliped with epipod, penultimate segment from 11/10 to more than 4/3 times as long as terminal segment; 2nd pereopods subequal without epipod, bearing 14���21 carpal articles (Chace 1985). Distribution. Known only from the Philippine at depths of 216���472 m (Chace 1985)., Published as part of Ahamed, Ferdous, Cardoso, Irene A., Ahmed, Zoarder F., Hossain, Md. Y. & Ohtomi, Jun, 2017, An overview of the genus Plesionika Bate, 1888 (Decapoda, Caridea, Pandalidae) in Asian waters, pp. 575-593 in Zootaxa 4221 (5) on page 588, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4221.5.6, http://zenodo.org/record/253575, {"references":["Chace, F. A. Jr. (1985) The caridean shrimps (Crustcea: Decapoda) of the Albatross Philippine Expedition, 1907 - 1910, Part 3: Families Thalassocarididae and Pandalidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 411, 1 - 143. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.411"]}

P. unidens Bate, 1888 Description. Rostrum far overreaching antennal scale, armed dorsally with 7 or 8 teeth, including 3 on carapace posterior to level of orbital margin and 1 isolated in anterior 1/4 of rostrum, 3 posteriormost teeth with distinct basal sutures but none with barbed tips, armed ventrally with 10���20 teeth; abdomen with 3rd somite lacking posteromesial tooth but with median dorsal carina typically forming obtuse tooth anterior to posterior margin of somite; eye kidney-shaped, maximum diameter about 1/3 carapace length, ocellus obliquely oval, slightly constricted at junction with cornea; 3rd maxilliped with epipod, penultimate segment about 4/5 as long as terminal segment; 2nd pereopods very unequal with epipods, left one longer with more than 200 carpal articles, right with 33���36 (Chace 1985). Distribution. Bay of Bengal, South and East China seas, Japan, Philippines and Indonesia; at depths of 184��� 400m (Li 2006b)., Published as part of Ahamed, Ferdous, Cardoso, Irene A., Ahmed, Zoarder F., Hossain, Md. Y. & Ohtomi, Jun, 2017, An overview of the genus Plesionika Bate, 1888 (Decapoda, Caridea, Pandalidae) in Asian waters, pp. 575-593 in Zootaxa 4221 (5) on page 589, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4221.5.6, http://zenodo.org/record/253575, {"references":["Chace, F. A. Jr. (1985) The caridean shrimps (Crustcea: Decapoda) of the Albatross Philippine Expedition, 1907 - 1910, Part 3: Families Thalassocarididae and Pandalidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 411, 1 - 143. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.411","Li, X. (2006 b) Report on some pandalid shrimps from the East China Sea (Decapoda, Caridea). Crustaceana, 79, 1281 - 1296. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 156854006779277303"]}

P. philippinensis Chace, 1985 Description. Rostrum distinctly overreaching antennal scale, armed dorsally throughout length with 11���13 teeth including 4 to 5 on carapace posterior to orbital margin, the fifth one usually just above the margin, 4���6 posteriormost teeth with distinct basal suture, and ventrally with 10���16 teeth; fourth and fifth abdominal somites each with posteroventral tooth on pleuron; ocellus skewed somewhat laterad, in rather broad contact with cornea but distinctly constricted at juncture with cornea; 3rd maxilliped with penultimate segment 0.75���0.80 times as long as terminal segment, with hooked epipods; 2nd pereopods strongly unequal, right (shorter) one with 18 carpal articles, left (longer) one with 92 carpal articles (Li & Komai 2003). Distribution. Philippines and South China Sea; at depths of 103���135 (Li & Komai 2003)., Published as part of Ahamed, Ferdous, Cardoso, Irene A., Ahmed, Zoarder F., Hossain, Md. Y. & Ohtomi, Jun, 2017, An overview of the genus Plesionika Bate, 1888 (Decapoda, Caridea, Pandalidae) in Asian waters, pp. 575-593 in Zootaxa 4221 (5) on pages 586-587, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4221.5.6, http://zenodo.org/record/253575, {"references":["Chace, F. A. Jr. (1985) The caridean shrimps (Crustcea: Decapoda) of the Albatross Philippine Expedition, 1907 - 1910, Part 3: Families Thalassocarididae and Pandalidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 411, 1 - 143. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.411","Li, X. & Komai, T. (2003) Pandaloid shrimps from the northern South China Sea, with description of a new species of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 51, 257 - 275."]}

P. sindoi (Rathbun, 1906) Description. Rostrum 1.5 times as long as carapace, from the orbital margin the rostrum runs horizontally forward as far as the distal extremity of the antennular peduncle and from here it is a little and obliquely turned upward, 5 movable teeth on the carapace, lower margin is armed with 6 teeth; abdomen nearly 4-times as long as the carapace; the eyes are little more than one-fourth the length of the carapace and this diameter is slightly longer than the axial; external maxillipeds reach by their terminal joint and one-fourth of the penultimate beyond the antennal scale, exopodite small, not yet reaching to the middle of the antepenultimate joint; 1st pereopods reach by 4/5 their terminal joint (or propodus) beyond the external maxillepeds the penultimate joint or carpus is almost twice as long as the terminal, these joints being respectively 9.1 mm. and 5 mm. long in the adult female (Chace1985). Distribution. Japan, South China Sea, Philippines and Indonesia; at depths of 122���800 m (Li & Komai 2003)., Published as part of Ahamed, Ferdous, Cardoso, Irene A., Ahmed, Zoarder F., Hossain, Md. Y. & Ohtomi, Jun, 2017, An overview of the genus Plesionika Bate, 1888 (Decapoda, Caridea, Pandalidae) in Asian waters, pp. 575-593 in Zootaxa 4221 (5) on page 588, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4221.5.6, http://zenodo.org/record/253575, {"references":["Chace, F. A. Jr. (1985) The caridean shrimps (Crustcea: Decapoda) of the Albatross Philippine Expedition, 1907 - 1910, Part 3: Families Thalassocarididae and Pandalidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 411, 1 - 143. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.411","Li, X. & Komai, T. (2003) Pandaloid shrimps from the northern South China Sea, with description of a new species of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 51, 257 - 275."]}

P. alcocki (Anderson, 1896) Description. The rostrum is nearly 1.5 to 2.0 times of the carapace length, it is armed dorsally at its basal end with usually 5 teeth, three or four of which are movable and very small and stand close together on the gastric crest, with two large isolated ones just in front of them, ventrally it is armed throughout, beyond the antennular peduncle, with a series of distant teeth not concealed by setae to the number of from 4 to 8; the 6th abdominal tergum is not quite twice as long as the 5th; there is no distinct ocellus on the dorsal margin of the eye; 1st perepods are not shorter than the external maxillipeds, 2nd perepods in the male alone are very slightly unequal in length: one of them reaches almost to the other very slightly beyond the tips of the external maxillipeds (Alcock 1901). Distribution. Arabian Sea, off the south and south-west coast of India, Bay of Bengal, Andaman Sea, Indonesia, Japan and Philippines; at depths of 496���1092 m (Alcock 1901; Holthuis 1980; De Grave & Fransen 2011)., Published as part of Ahamed, Ferdous, Cardoso, Irene A., Ahmed, Zoarder F., Hossain, Md. Y. & Ohtomi, Jun, 2017, An overview of the genus Plesionika Bate, 1888 (Decapoda, Caridea, Pandalidae) in Asian waters, pp. 575-593 in Zootaxa 4221 (5) on page 580, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4221.5.6, http://zenodo.org/record/253575, {"references":["Alcock, A. (1901) A descriptive catalogue of Indian deep - sea Crustacea, Decapoda, Macrura and Anomala in the Indian Museum., Baptist Mission Press, Calcutta, India, 286 pp.","Holthuis, L. B. (1980) Shrimps and prawns of the world. An annotated catalogue of species of interest to fisheries. FAO Species Catalogue, Vol. 1. FAO Fisheries Synopsis, 125, 1 - 271.","DeGrave, S. & Fransen C. H. J. M. (2011) Carideorum Catalogus: the recent species of the dendrobranchiate, stenopodidean, procarididean and caridean shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda). Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden, 89, 195 - 589."]}

P. narval (Fabricius, 1787) Description. Rostrum slightly curving dorsally, elongate, 2.2���2.3 times as long as carapace, dorsal margin with 58���60 serrated teeth, including 5 on carapace, all teeth on carapace with distinct basal sutures and movable, ventral margin with 41���44 serrated teeth; abdomen smooth and rounded dorsally, pleuron of fourth somite rounded that of fifth somites with small marginal tooth posteriorly, sixth somite 1.8 times as long as maximum height; eye broadly subpyriform, maximum diameter about 0.2 carapace length; 3rd maxilliped slender, overreaching distal margin of antennal scale by ultimate segment and anterior 0.2 of penultimate segment, with epipod, penultimate segment about 1.7 as long as ultimate segment; 2nd pereopods subequal without epipod, not extremely slender or threadlike, bearing 27���29 carpal articles (Kim et al. 2012). Distribution. Indo-West Pacific, Indian Ocean, Japan, Korea and Red Sea; at depths of 35���910 m (Kim et al. 2012)., Published as part of Ahamed, Ferdous, Cardoso, Irene A., Ahmed, Zoarder F., Hossain, Md. Y. & Ohtomi, Jun, 2017, An overview of the genus Plesionika Bate, 1888 (Decapoda, Caridea, Pandalidae) in Asian waters, pp. 575-593 in Zootaxa 4221 (5) on page 585, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4221.5.6, http://zenodo.org/record/253575, {"references":["Kim, J. N., Choi, J. H., Lee, J. H. & Kim, J. I. (2012) Six Pandalid Shrimps of the genus Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea) in Korea. Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity, 28, 105 - 116."]}

P. longidactylus Li & Komai, 2003 Description. Rostrum far overreaching antennal scale, 1.1–1.2 times as long as carapace, armed dorsally with 5 moderately large teeth, each with obscurely barbed tip and with 2 tiny subapical teeth, ventral margin with 10–13 teeth; 3rd abdominal somite not compressed dorsally, unarmed on posterodorsal margin; 3rd maxilliped with ultimate segment about 1.4 times as long as penultimate segment; 2nd pereopods greatly unequal with well developed strap-like epipod each bearing terminal hook, left with 25–30 carpal articles and right with 8 carpal articles (Li & Komai 2003). Distribution. Known only from South China Sea at depths of 55–144 m (Li 2006a).

P. heterocarpus (Costa, 1871) Description. Rostrum long, about two times as long as scaphopcerite, slender and slightly curved upward, dorsal margin with 15���23 teeth of which the proximal 4���6 are movable and situated behind the orbit, ventral margin bears 16���23 teeth; posterior part of the 3rd abdominal somite is slightly concave; eye with maximum diameter about l/5 of carapace length, ocellus longitudinally oval, constricted at juncture with cornea; 3rd maxilliped with well developed strap-like epipod, penultimate segment sub-equal to terminal segment; 2nd pair of pereiopod distinctly unequal, left one much longer than the right one, overreaching scaphocerite with chela, carpus and distal half of merus, with 107���215 carpal segments, 80���111 meral segments and about 25 ischial segments (Holthuis 1980). Distribution. Cyprus, Israel, Syria and Turkey; at depths of 10���850 m (Holthuis 1980)., Published as part of Ahamed, Ferdous, Cardoso, Irene A., Ahmed, Zoarder F., Hossain, Md. Y. & Ohtomi, Jun, 2017, An overview of the genus Plesionika Bate, 1888 (Decapoda, Caridea, Pandalidae) in Asian waters, pp. 575-593 in Zootaxa 4221 (5) on page 583, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4221.5.6, http://zenodo.org/record/253575, {"references":["Holthuis, L. B. (1980) Shrimps and prawns of the world. An annotated catalogue of species of interest to fisheries. FAO Species Catalogue, Vol. 1. FAO Fisheries Synopsis, 125, 1 - 271."]}

P. hypanodon Doflein, 1902 Description. Rostrum is only half as long as the carapace and quite straight, except for the tip, which is bent upwards, dorsal margin with 7 teeth, the anterior three are behind the eye basis, smaller and stand narrower to each other than the other 4, which are arranged in similar distances towards the tip, ventral margin is smooth and without teeth; abdomen is smooth, compressed, and the hindmargin of the third segment is slightly recessed; eyes are spherical-shaped, semi-large with distinct ocellus; 2nd pereiopods equally long and slender with 15 carpal articles (Doflein 1902). Distribution. Known only from Sagami Bay, Japan (Doflein 1902)., Published as part of Ahamed, Ferdous, Cardoso, Irene A., Ahmed, Zoarder F., Hossain, Md. Y. & Ohtomi, Jun, 2017, An overview of the genus Plesionika Bate, 1888 (Decapoda, Caridea, Pandalidae) in Asian waters, pp. 575-593 in Zootaxa 4221 (5) on page 583, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4221.5.6, http://zenodo.org/record/253575, {"references":["Doflein, F. (1902) Ostasiatische Dekapoden. Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Munchen, 21, 613 - 670."]}

P. hsuehyui Chan, 2004 Description. Rostrum 1.3���2.0 times as long as carapace, bending downwards near base but recurved upwards after passing eyes, dorsal rostrum proper unarmed except for 2 small subapical teeth, ventral rostrum generally bearing 9 or 10 teeth; abdominal 3rd somite slightly arched dorsally; 3rd maxilliped overreaching scaphocerite by up to 2/3 length of distal segment, distal segment 1.4���1.8 times as long as penultimate segment; 2nd pereopods bearing 15��� 22 carpal articles on right side and 53���70 carpal articles on left side, shorter one exceeding scaphocerite by about half chela (Chan 2004). Distribution. Taiwan and Philippines; at depths of 115���300 m (Chan 2004)., Published as part of Ahamed, Ferdous, Cardoso, Irene A., Ahmed, Zoarder F., Hossain, Md. Y. & Ohtomi, Jun, 2017, An overview of the genus Plesionika Bate, 1888 (Decapoda, Caridea, Pandalidae) in Asian waters, pp. 575-593 in Zootaxa 4221 (5) on page 583, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4221.5.6, http://zenodo.org/record/253575, {"references":["Chan, T. Y. (2004) The \" Plesionika rostricrescentis (Bate, 1888) \" and \" P. lophotes Chace, 1985 \" species groups of Plesionika Bate, 1888, with descriptions of five new species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Pandalidae), in Marshall B. & Richer De Forges B. (eds), Tropical deep-sea benthos, vol. 23. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 191, 293 - 318."]}

P. taiwanica Chan & Yu, 2000 Description. Rostrum 1.3–2.1 times as long as carapace, slightly curving downward at basal part but gently recurved upwards and straight after passing antennular peduncle, dorsal border generally armed with 6–8 teeth, with posterior 4–6 teeth restricted at basal part and forming a low crest while the anterior 1–3 teeth located anterior to level of antennular peduncle, lower border densely serrated with 22–38 small teeth; abdominal 3rd somite feebly arched dorsally and with posterior margin convex; eye subspherical and probably bearing indistinct ocellus; 3rd maxilliped bearing well developed epipod and long strip-like exopod, penultimate segment 1.2–1.5 times as long as distal segment, overreaching scaphocerite by 1/3 to almost entire distal segment; 2nd pereiopods subequal with well developed epipod, bearing 16–25 carpal articles (Chan & Yu 2000). Distribution. Known only from Taiwan at depths of 150–300 m (Chan & Yu 2000).

P. semilaevis Bate 1888 Description. Rostrum far overreaching antennal scale, armed dorsally, on basal crest only, with 5���9 teeth, including 2 or 3 on carapace posterior to level of orbital margin, none with distinct basal suture or barbed tip, armed ventrally with 19���52 teeth; abdomen without posteromesial tooth or median dorsal carina on 3rd somite; eye kidney-shaped, maximum diameter usually nearly 1/3 carapace length, ocellus represented by tapering, subtruncate lobe, broadening rather than constricted at juncture with cornea; 3rd maxilliped with epipod, penultimate segment from subequal to 7/5 as long as terminal segment; 2nd pereopods subequal with epipods, bearing 19���36 carpal articles (Chace 1985). Distribution. Indonesia, Philippines, South and East China Seas and Japan; at depths of 176���700 m (Li 2006a)., Published as part of Ahamed, Ferdous, Cardoso, Irene A., Ahmed, Zoarder F., Hossain, Md. Y. & Ohtomi, Jun, 2017, An overview of the genus Plesionika Bate, 1888 (Decapoda, Caridea, Pandalidae) in Asian waters, pp. 575-593 in Zootaxa 4221 (5) on page 588, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4221.5.6, http://zenodo.org/record/253575, {"references":["Chace, F. A. Jr. (1985) The caridean shrimps (Crustcea: Decapoda) of the Albatross Philippine Expedition, 1907 - 1910, Part 3: Families Thalassocarididae and Pandalidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 411, 1 - 143. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.411","Li, X. (2006 a) Additional Pandalid shrimps from the South China Sea (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea), with description of a new species. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 54, 361 - 372."]}

P. orientalis Chace, 1985 Description. Rostrum moderately curving dorsally, elongate, 2.2 times as long as carapace, dorsal margin with 8 teeth including 3 on carapace, all teeth on partial basal sutures, ventral margin with 42 serrated teeth; abdomen smooth and rounded dorsally, pleura of first to fifth somites without distinct marginal tooth or denticle, sixth somite about 2.2 times as long as maximum height; eye very broadly subpyriform, maximum diameter aobut 0.25 carapace length; 3rd maxilliped overreaching distal margin of antennal scale by anterior 0.3 of ultimate segment, with epipod, well developed exopod present, penultimate segment 1.3 times as long as ultimate segment; 2nd pereopods subequal with epipod, not extremely slender or thread-like, bearing 18���21 carpal articles (Kim et al. 2012). Distribution. Korea, Japan, East and South China seas, Philippines and Indonesia; at depths of 66���686 m (Kim et al. 2012)., Published as part of Ahamed, Ferdous, Cardoso, Irene A., Ahmed, Zoarder F., Hossain, Md. Y. & Ohtomi, Jun, 2017, An overview of the genus Plesionika Bate, 1888 (Decapoda, Caridea, Pandalidae) in Asian waters, pp. 575-593 in Zootaxa 4221 (5) on pages 585-586, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4221.5.6, http://zenodo.org/record/253575, {"references":["Chace, F. A. Jr. (1985) The caridean shrimps (Crustcea: Decapoda) of the Albatross Philippine Expedition, 1907 - 1910, Part 3: Families Thalassocarididae and Pandalidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 411, 1 - 143. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.411","Kim, J. N., Choi, J. H., Lee, J. H. & Kim, J. I. (2012) Six Pandalid Shrimps of the genus Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea) in Korea. Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity, 28, 105 - 116."]}

P. edwardsii (Brandt, 1851) Description. Rostrum curved downward in basal region, then strongly curved upwards beyond antennular peduncle, slightly more than 2 times as long as carapace, armed dorsally with 28���36 teeth over entire length, anterior teeth closely spaced, posterior teeth larger and well spaced, ventral border bearing 37���52 closely spaced teeth; dorsal surface of abdominal 3rd somite slightly arched but not sharply angular; eye large and subspherical, with distinct ocellus; 3rd maxilliped with distal two segments subequal, bearing rudimentary epipod; 2nd Pereiopods subequal with 18���28 carpal articles (Chace 1985). Distribution. Indo-Pacific, Indonesia, Philippines and Taiwan; at depths of 50���680 m (Chace 1985). P. ensis (Milne-Edwards, 1881) Description. Rostrum nearly 1.6 to 2 times of the carapace length, armed dorsally with 5 or 6 teeth, three or four close together, two isolated anteriorly, ventrally it is closely and evenly serrated, the teeth are fixed; the posterior border of the 3rd abdominal tergum is acutely produced in the middle line to form a spine; the ocellus is distinct but not independent; the external maxillipeds with well-developed exopodite, little longer and stouter than the 1st pair of pereopods, reach a short way beyond the tip of the antennal scale (Alcock 1901). Distribution. Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal and Andaman Sea; at depths of 250���400 m (Alcock 1901)., Published as part of Ahamed, Ferdous, Cardoso, Irene A., Ahmed, Zoarder F., Hossain, Md. Y. & Ohtomi, Jun, 2017, An overview of the genus Plesionika Bate, 1888 (Decapoda, Caridea, Pandalidae) in Asian waters, pp. 575-593 in Zootaxa 4221 (5) on page 582, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4221.5.6, http://zenodo.org/record/253575, {"references":["Chace, F. A. Jr. (1985) The caridean shrimps (Crustcea: Decapoda) of the Albatross Philippine Expedition, 1907 - 1910, Part 3: Families Thalassocarididae and Pandalidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 411, 1 - 143. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.411","Alcock, A. (1901) A descriptive catalogue of Indian deep - sea Crustacea, Decapoda, Macrura and Anomala in the Indian Museum., Baptist Mission Press, Calcutta, India, 286 pp."]}

P. rufomaculata Chan, 2004 Description. Rostrum curving downwards near base but recurved upwards after passing eyes, 1.1���1.6 times as long as carapace, basal rostral crest high in females and slightly lower in males, bearing 2 or 3 fixed and 6 movable teeth, posterior 5 or 6 of them situated posterior to orbital margin, dorsal rostrum proper bearing 1 or 2 teeth, usually restricted to proximal half of rostrum, and 2 (rarely 1) small apical teeth, 11���13 teeth generally distributed on ventral rostrum; abdominal 3rd somite slightly arched dorsally; 3rd maxilliped with distal segment 1.4���1.6 times as long as penultimate segment, overreaching scaphocerite by 1/2���2/3 length of distal segment; 2nd pereiopods bearing 21���30 carpal articles on right side and 106���121 carpal articles on left side, shorter one exceeding scaphocerite by 1/2���1/4 length ol carpus and entire chela (Chan 2004). Distribution. Japan and Taiwan; at depths of 180���300 m (Chan 2004)., Published as part of Ahamed, Ferdous, Cardoso, Irene A., Ahmed, Zoarder F., Hossain, Md. Y. & Ohtomi, Jun, 2017, An overview of the genus Plesionika Bate, 1888 (Decapoda, Caridea, Pandalidae) in Asian waters, pp. 575-593 in Zootaxa 4221 (5) on pages 587-588, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4221.5.6, http://zenodo.org/record/253575, {"references":["Chan, T. Y. (2004) The \" Plesionika rostricrescentis (Bate, 1888) \" and \" P. lophotes Chace, 1985 \" species groups of Plesionika Bate, 1888, with descriptions of five new species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Pandalidae), in Marshall B. & Richer De Forges B. (eds), Tropical deep-sea benthos, vol. 23. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 191, 293 - 318."]}

P. quasigrandis Chace, 1985 Description. Rostrum 1.1���1.5 times as long as carapace, densely armed with abutting fixed teeth along almost entire dorsal and ventral margins, bearing 38���53 dorsal (including 4���7 teeth on carapace) and 31���44 ventral teeth; posterior 10 ventral teeth corresponding to 5.5���8 dorsal teeth; abdomen with 3rd somite posteriorly unarmed, without median dorsal carina; eye with cornea wider than long and with distinct ocellus; 3rd maxilliped without epipod, overreaching scaphocerite by terminal segment and little penultimate segment, penultimate segment 1.2��� 1.4 times as long as terminal segment, 2 segments combined more or less as long as carapace; 2nd pereiopods subequal without epipods, bearing 21���22 carpal articles (Chakraborty et al. 2015). Distribution. Indo-West Pacific from Japan to the Philippines, Indonesia, India and Gulf of Aden; at depths of 164���501 m (Chakraborty et al. 2015)., Published as part of Ahamed, Ferdous, Cardoso, Irene A., Ahmed, Zoarder F., Hossain, Md. Y. & Ohtomi, Jun, 2017, An overview of the genus Plesionika Bate, 1888 (Decapoda, Caridea, Pandalidae) in Asian waters, pp. 575-593 in Zootaxa 4221 (5) on page 587, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4221.5.6, http://zenodo.org/record/253575, {"references":["Chace, F. A. Jr. (1985) The caridean shrimps (Crustcea: Decapoda) of the Albatross Philippine Expedition, 1907 - 1910, Part 3: Families Thalassocarididae and Pandalidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 411, 1 - 143. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.411","Chakraborty, R. D., Chan, T. - Y., Maheswarudu, G., Kuberan, G., Purushothaman, P., Chang, S. - C. & Jomon, S (2015) On Plesionika quasigrandis Chace, 1985 (Decapoda, Caridea, Pandalidae) from southwestern India. Crustaceana, 88, 923 - 930."]}

P. indica De Man, 1917 Description. Rostrum 1.8 times as long as carapace, far overreaching antennal scale, armed dorsally throughout length with 27���33 teeth, including 4���6 on carapace posterior to level of orbital margin, 2���4 posteriormost teeth with distinct basal suture but none with barbed tips, armed ventrally with 22���27 teeth; abdomen without posteromesial tooth or median dorsal carina on 3rd somite; eye subpyriform, maximum diameter fully 1/6 carapace length, ocellus prominent, somewhat constricted at juncture with cornea; 3rd maxilliped with epipod, penultimate segment 1.2���1.4 times as long as terminal segment; 2nd pereopods subequal with prominent epipods, bearing 31��� 34 carpal articles (De Man 1920; Chace 1985). Distribution. Indonesia, South China Sea, Philippines and Japan; at depths of 238��� 472 m. (Li & Komai 2003)., Published as part of Ahamed, Ferdous, Cardoso, Irene A., Ahmed, Zoarder F., Hossain, Md. Y. & Ohtomi, Jun, 2017, An overview of the genus Plesionika Bate, 1888 (Decapoda, Caridea, Pandalidae) in Asian waters, pp. 575-593 in Zootaxa 4221 (5) on page 583, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4221.5.6, http://zenodo.org/record/253575, {"references":["Chace, F. A. Jr. (1985) The caridean shrimps (Crustcea: Decapoda) of the Albatross Philippine Expedition, 1907 - 1910, Part 3: Families Thalassocarididae and Pandalidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 411, 1 - 143. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.411","Li, X. & Komai, T. (2003) Pandaloid shrimps from the northern South China Sea, with description of a new species of Plesionika (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 51, 257 - 275."]}

P. reflexa Chace, 1985 Description. Rostrum far overreaching antennal scale, usually armed dorsally with 6���8 teeth, including 2 or 3 on carapace posterior to level of orbital margin and 1 subapical tooth, otherwise without dorsal teeth anterior to level of distal end of antennular peduncle, posteriormost tooth usually with indistinct basal suture but none with barbed tips, armed ventrally with 26���48 teeth; abdomen with strong, frequently recurved posteromesial tooth but without median dorsal carina on 3rd somite; eye very broadly subpyriform, maximum diameter nearly 1/3 carapace length, ocellus Ungulate, not constricted at juncture with cornea; 3rd maxilliped with epipod, penultimate segment about 9/10 as long as terminal segment; 2nd pereopods subequal with well-developed epipod, bearing 15���26 carpal articles (Chace 1985). Distribution. Indo west Pacific, South China Sea, Eastern China Sea, Indonesia and Philippine; at depths of 315���494 m (Chace 1985)., Published as part of Ahamed, Ferdous, Cardoso, Irene A., Ahmed, Zoarder F., Hossain, Md. Y. & Ohtomi, Jun, 2017, An overview of the genus Plesionika Bate, 1888 (Decapoda, Caridea, Pandalidae) in Asian waters, pp. 575-593 in Zootaxa 4221 (5) on page 587, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4221.5.6, http://zenodo.org/record/253575, {"references":["Chace, F. A. Jr. (1985) The caridean shrimps (Crustcea: Decapoda) of the Albatross Philippine Expedition, 1907 - 1910, Part 3: Families Thalassocarididae and Pandalidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 411, 1 - 143. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.411"]}

P. fimbriata Chace, 1985 Description. Rostrum far overreaching antennal scale, armed dorsally throughout length with 11���14 teeth, including 3 or 4 on carapace posterior to level of orbital margin, 2���4 posteriormost teeth with distinct basal sutures but none with barbed tips, armed ventrally with 5���8 teeth; abdomen without posteromesial tooth or median dorsal carina on 3rd somite; eye broadly subpyriform, maximum diameter about one-fourth carapace length, ocellus large, subcircular, in broad contact with cornea; 3rd maxilliped with epipod, penultimate segment 1.2���1.5 times as long as terminal segment; 2nd peropods subequal with epipod, bearing 18���30 carpal articles (Chace 1985). Distribution. Known only from the Philippines at depths of 95���250 m (Chace 1985)., Published as part of Ahamed, Ferdous, Cardoso, Irene A., Ahmed, Zoarder F., Hossain, Md. Y. & Ohtomi, Jun, 2017, An overview of the genus Plesionika Bate, 1888 (Decapoda, Caridea, Pandalidae) in Asian waters, pp. 575-593 in Zootaxa 4221 (5) on page 582, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4221.5.6, http://zenodo.org/record/253575, {"references":["Chace, F. A. Jr. (1985) The caridean shrimps (Crustcea: Decapoda) of the Albatross Philippine Expedition, 1907 - 1910, Part 3: Families Thalassocarididae and Pandalidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 411, 1 - 143. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.411"]}

P. erythrocyclus Chan & Crosnier, 1997 Description. Rostrum more or less as long as carapace and just overreaching scaphocerite, curving downward at base but abruptly upturned after passing the eye, dorsal border with only 2 small apical teeth and 1���2 fixed basal teeth above eye, ventral border with 7���9 evenly distributed teeth between level of eye and tip; eye subspherical and bearing distinct ocellus; 3rd maxilliped bearing well developed epipod and a long exopod, with penultimate segment 0.6���0.7 times as long as distal segment, overreaching scaphocerite by 1/3���1/2 of distal segment; 2nd pereiopods bearing 20���22 carpal articles on the right side and 76���83 carpal articles on the left side (Chan & Crosnier 1997). Distribution. Known only from Taiwan at depths of 267���360 m (Chan 2004)., Published as part of Ahamed, Ferdous, Cardoso, Irene A., Ahmed, Zoarder F., Hossain, Md. Y. & Ohtomi, Jun, 2017, An overview of the genus Plesionika Bate, 1888 (Decapoda, Caridea, Pandalidae) in Asian waters, pp. 575-593 in Zootaxa 4221 (5) on page 582, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4221.5.6, http://zenodo.org/record/253575, {"references":["Chan, T. Y. & Crosnier, A. (1997) Crustacea Decapoda: deep - sea shrimps of the genus Plesionika Bate, 1888 (Pandalidae) from French Polynesia, with descriptions of five new species. In: A. Crosnier (ed.), Resultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM, 18. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, (A) 176, 187 - 234.","Chan, T. Y. (2004) The \" Plesionika rostricrescentis (Bate, 1888) \" and \" P. lophotes Chace, 1985 \" species groups of Plesionika Bate, 1888, with descriptions of five new species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Pandalidae), in Marshall B. & Richer De Forges B. (eds), Tropical deep-sea benthos, vol. 23. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, 191, 293 - 318."]}

The morphology of the decapodid stage of Plesionika narval (Fabricius, 1787) is described and illustrated based on larvae collected in the Canary Islands waters (NW Africa). Mitochondrial DNA analysis of the barcoding gene COI sequences confirmed the identity of the larvae specimens. Decapodid development of P. narval is compared with other pandalid and related genera Pandalus, Pandalopsis, Procletes, Stylopandalus, and Icotopus. Based on their morphological similarities we concluded that the nomina dubia genus Icotopus is a synonym of Plesionika and herein selected Plesionika over Icotopus as the valid name for the genus.

The population dynamics of Pandalus gracilis was investigated in the southeastern coastal area of Korea between May 1998 and April 2000. Of the 4,127 specimens, 57% were identified as females, 39% as males, and 4% as transitional hermaphrodites. The number of females was greater than that of males and transexuals. A significant correlation was observed between the number of transitional hermaphrodites and ambient seawater temperature. Growth parameters were estimated using the modified von Bertalanffy growth function model incorporating seasonal variation in growth using the program ELEFAN. Females grew faster and reached a larger sizeat-age than males (K=0.65/y and L∞=17.86 mm carapace length [CL] for females; K=0.51/y and L∞=14.70 mm CL for males). Mean size and age (95% confidence limits) at sex transition, calculated from growth parameters, were 7.07 mm carapace length and 1.05 years, respectively. The reproductive strategies of pandalid shrimps are discussed in terms of the type of sex transition.

[The population dynamics of Pandalus gracilis were investigated in the southeast coastal area of Korea, between May 1998 and April 2000. The number of females was greater than that of males and of intersexes. Based on dry weight of egg masses at the early stage, the reproductive output averaged 34% of female weight. A higher gonadosomatic index (GSI) was observed from December to June. Ovigerous females occurred from December to September. During the incubation period, the egg volume significantly increased and brood loss of eggs occurred. A significant difference in ovarian weight between females with early eggs and late egg stages was found. This indicates that ovarian maturation occurs during the incubation time, suggesting that females are potentially consecutive breeders, capable of multiple spawnings during a reproductive season. Spawning by a single female seems to occur consecutively in a single reproductive period. Female maturity was determined by the frequency of both ovigerous females and females with a maturing ovary. The size at 50% sexual maturity (CL50) was estimated as 9.2 mm. The size distribution in the population was similar in the two years of this study. La dynamique des populations de Pandalus gracilis a ete etudiee dans la zone cotiere sudorientale de la Coree, entre mai 1998 et avril 2000. Le nombre de femelles etait plus eleve que celui des mâles et des animaux intersexues. A partir du poids sec des oeufs au premier stade, la production etait en moyenne 34% du poids de la femelle. Un index gonado-somatique (GSI) plus eleve a ete observe de decembre a juin. Les femelles ovigeres etaient presentes de decembre a septembre. Au cours de la periode d'incubation, le volume de l'œuf augmentait significativement et la perte des œufs a ete observee. Une difference significative du poids de l'ovaire entre femelles a œufs aux premiers stades et femelles a œufs plus avances a ete trouvee. Ceci indique que la maturation de l'ovaire intervient pendant la periode d'incubation, suggerant que les femelles ont potentiellement des productions d'œufs successives, et sont capables de pontes multiples au cours d'une saison de reproduction. La ponte chez une femelle semble se produire plusieurs fois a la suite au cours d'une periode de reproduction. La maturite de la femelle etait determinee par la frequence a la fois des femelles ovigeres et des femelles presentant un ovaire en cours de maturation. La taille a 50% de maturite sexuelle, (CL50) a ete estimee a 9,2 mm. La distribution de taille dans la population etait analogue au long des deux annees qu'a dure cette etude., The population dynamics of Pandalus gracilis were investigated in the southeast coastal area of Korea, between May 1998 and April 2000. The number of females was greater than that of males and of intersexes. Based on dry weight of egg masses at the early stage, the reproductive output averaged 34% of female weight. A higher gonadosomatic index (GSI) was observed from December to June. Ovigerous females occurred from December to September. During the incubation period, the egg volume significantly increased and brood loss of eggs occurred. A significant difference in ovarian weight between females with early eggs and late egg stages was found. This indicates that ovarian maturation occurs during the incubation time, suggesting that females are potentially consecutive breeders, capable of multiple spawnings during a reproductive season. Spawning by a single female seems to occur consecutively in a single reproductive period. Female maturity was determined by the frequency of both ovigerous females and females with a maturing ovary. The size at 50% sexual maturity (CL50) was estimated as 9.2 mm. The size distribution in the population was similar in the two years of this study. La dynamique des populations de Pandalus gracilis a ete etudiee dans la zone cotiere sudorientale de la Coree, entre mai 1998 et avril 2000. Le nombre de femelles etait plus eleve que celui des mâles et des animaux intersexues. A partir du poids sec des oeufs au premier stade, la production etait en moyenne 34% du poids de la femelle. Un index gonado-somatique (GSI) plus eleve a ete observe de decembre a juin. Les femelles ovigeres etaient presentes de decembre a septembre. Au cours de la periode d'incubation, le volume de l'œuf augmentait significativement et la perte des œufs a ete observee. Une difference significative du poids de l'ovaire entre femelles a œufs aux premiers stades et femelles a œufs plus avances a ete trouvee. Ceci indique que la maturation de l'ovaire intervient pendant la periode d'incubation, suggerant que les femelles ont potentiellement des productions d'œufs successives, et sont capables de pontes multiples au cours d'une saison de reproduction. La ponte chez une femelle semble se produire plusieurs fois a la suite au cours d'une periode de reproduction. La maturite de la femelle etait determinee par la frequence a la fois des femelles ovigeres et des femelles presentant un ovaire en cours de maturation. La taille a 50% de maturite sexuelle, (CL50) a ete estimee a 9,2 mm. La distribution de taille dans la population etait analogue au long des deux annees qu'a dure cette etude.]

The concentrations of Fe, Zn, Cu, Cd, Mn, Pb, and Ni were determined in the hepatopancreas, muscle tissue, and carapace of the grass shrimp Pandalus kessleri from the coastal waters of the Lesser Kurilskaya Ridge. Sex reversal of the grass shrimp, which is a proterandrous hermaphrodite, had a marked influence on the concentrations of such metals as Fe, Cu, Cd, and Mn. The levels of Cd in the hepatopancreas of grass shrimp exceeded maximum permissible concentrations for seafood at all the stations studied. The main factors determining the metal levels in P. kessleri from the investigated locations are discussed.

The family Pandalidae has a cosmopolitan distribution, occurring from the coastal region to more than 3000 meters of depth, and includes some species of economic importance. Three genera occur from Brazil: Heterocarpus A. Milne Edwards, 1881, Plesionika Bate, 1888 and Pandalus Leach, 1814. During the collections of the Programa de Avaliação dos Recursos Vivos da Zona Econômica Exclusiva of Brazil (REVIZEE, Northeast Score) a male of Heterocarpus laevigatus was collected in Pernambuco State, at a depth of 500m and fourteen females and four males of Plesionika escatilis were collected off the States of Pernambuco, Alagoas and Bahia, in depths varying from 93 to 260m. These records supplement the information on the distribution of these species, and represent the first records of H. laevigatus and P. escatilis from the Atlantic coast of South America.

The present paper reports 15 species of pandalid shrimp from the East China Sea, including an undescribed species of Plesionika represented by a damaged, ovigerous female specimen. This Plesionika sp. is closely similar to forms of the "Plesionika rostricrescentis" group. It can be distinguished readily from other members of the group by the greater number of ventral rostral teeth, which are set more closely, the low basal rostral crest, and the short stylocerite, which does not project beyond the end of the first segment of the antennular peduncle. Besides this Plesionika sp., the following species are reported for the first time from the East China Sea: Heterocarpus woodmasoni Alcock, 1901, Pandalus gracilis Stimpson, 1860, Plesionika orientalis Chace, 1985, Plesionika reflexa Chace, 1985, Plesionika sindoi (Rathbun, 1906), and Plesionika unidens Bate, 1888.

We determined the absolute (AIF) and relative (RIF) individual fecundity in a commercially important object, the grass shrimp, Pandalus kessleri (Decapoda: Pandalidae) near the Southern Kuril Islands. In the shrimps from Izmeny Bay (Kunashir Island) and the coastal area of the Southern Kuril Islands, the AIF equaled 192–918 (averaging 505) and 162–784 (459), respectively. In larger females, the AIF increases, reaches the maximum value, and then decreases again in the largest females. In June the AIF is smaller than in September, and in larger prawns, this difference is more pronounced. The mean large (D) and small (d) diameters of eggs equaled 1972 (1665–2400) and 1538 (1347–1900) μm, respectively; the D/d ratio equaled 1.28. The mean wet weight of an egg (w) was 3.43 mg (1.986–4.9) mg. From September 1 to November 30 D and d increased from 1894 to 2088 μm and from 1490 to 1567 μm, respectively. The factors affecting the fecundity of grass shrimp in Izmeny Bay are discussed.

A eukaryotic parasite of uncertain taxonomic affiliation, with superficial similarity to parasitic dinoflagellates (large plasmodia and numerous trophonts) but a different mechanism of nuclear division and a lack of organelles characteristic of parasitic dinoflagellates, is described from spot prawns (Pandalus platyceros). Up to 20% of the spot prawns examined from Malaspina Strait, British Columbia, were infected. Infections in the majority of the prawns were cryptic (asymptomatic) but of sufficient duration to affect secondary sexual characteristics and castrate the host. Cryptic infections consisted of plasmodia containing numerous nuclei. The plasmodia were observed in the haemal sinuses of all tissues. In mature plasmodia the nuclei stopped dividing and showed a peripheral chromatin ring, an internal chromatin web, and up to three tiny nucleoli. Mature plasmodia divided into numerous uninucleate trophonts, resulting in symptoms of lethargy, orange discoloration, and milky haemolymph caused by a plethora of either spherical or discoid trophonts. Symptomatic infections of the prawns fished with traps rarely exceeded 2%. In 3 of the 156 symptomatic prawns examined, about 30% of the trophonts were in the process of binary fission. During mitosis the nuclear membrane was persistent, but openings (about 0.8 µm in width) at either pole accommodated emergent spindle-pole bodies to which the few chromosomes were attached by microtubules. Attempts to transmit the infection between prawns in the laboratory were unsuccessful.

There is strong evidence in the literature that energy supply for deep-sea scavengers is largely restricted to food falls of dead vertebrates such as fish and mammals. The problem for any scavenger inhabiting the seafloor is the unpredictability both in space and time of food fall events. It is generally accepted that chemoreception is one of the major means by which marine organisms detect food sources. Another major source of potential information, however, may come from hydroacoustic stimuli, which have long-range penetration. Such hydroacoustic stimuli will either arise when a large carcass hits and impacts the seafloor or during food consumption of scavengers producing feeding noises. The intensity and transmission characteristics depend upon sediment properties, size, weight and composition of the carcass as well as on size and mouthpart morphology of feeding individuals. In this study the relevance of hydroacoustic stimuli for food fall detection has been investigated in the pandalid shrimp Pandalus borealis Kroyer, 1838. The sensitivity of P. borealis to particle displacement amplitude was found to be close to values measured in other crustaceans. Based on 228 single experiments carried out with five specimens, our results indicate that low-frequency noises may be helpful in detecting food fall events but only in the near-field. In this paper we suggest that the impact of a sinking carcass at the seafloor is a likely source producing elastic waves at the water–seafloor interface. Based on both empirical findings and general theoretical calculations of elastic waves originating from a sinking object hitting the seafloor we conclude that such “micro seismic events” may allow resting scavengers even several hundred metres away to detect a food source.

Metacercariae of Steganoderma formosum Stafford, 1904 infected 17 of 358 Acadian hermit crabs (Pagurus acadianus) on the Scotian Shelf east of Nova Scotia, Canada, in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean in 1989, 1990 and 1995. Overall prevalence and abundance in P. acadianus on the Scotian Shelf were 5% and 0.4 metacercariae per crab, with a maximum intensity of 56. The highest prevalence (34%) and abundance (2.9) were recorded in the winter of 1989. All infected hermit crabs were greater than 9 mm in cephalothorax length. The parasite was not found in Acadian hermit crabs (n = 74) from Georges Bank, nor in any hairy hermit crabs (P. arcuatus and P. pubescens) on the Scotian Shelf (n = 808), on Georges Bank (n = 14), or in the northern Gulf of St. Lawrence (n = 87). A single sand shrimp (Crangon septemspinosa) of 1254 collected from the Scotian Shelf in 1989 and 1990 was infected with a metacercaria of S. formosum. None of 421 pink shrimps (Pandalus spp.) collected from the Scotian Shelf in 1989 and 1995 was infected. Male and female reproductive systems were well developed and spermatozoa were observed in the seminal receptacles of most parasites, suggesting that these metacercariae are progenetic. The distribution of the parasite among potential intermediate hosts suggests that S. formosum demonstrates greater specificity for its second intermediate host in the Northwest Atlantic than it does in the Pacific or in the Northeast Atlantic oceans.

Pandalus tridens Rathbun, 1902 (Fig. 26B–D) Pandalus montagui tridens Rathbun, 1902a: 901; 1904: 41. — Schmitt 1921: 42, pl. 13, fig. 2. — Kozloff 1974: 163. — Word & Charwat 1976: 185. Pandalus tridens. — Butler 1980: 137, pl. 8B (extensive discussion of nomenclature). — Wicksten 1989b: 313. — Jensen 1995: 55, fig. 104. Diagnosis. Body moderately stout, shell thin, surface smooth. Length of rostrum 1.3–1.8 times carapace length, distal half slightly ascending, with 9–13 dorsal spines, teeth; 6–8 ventral teeth; no dorsal teeth on distal half, apex bifid or trifid. Carapace with pterygostomian, antennal teeth. Eyes large. First antenna with short stylocerite, length of flagella extending beyond rostrum by about 0.3 times their lengths. Second antenna with scaphocerite reaching middle of rostrum, scaphocerite narrow with lateral tooth slightly exceeding blade, basicerite with weak lower tooth, flagellum longer than body. Third maxilliped with slight lamina on antepenultimate segment, epipod present. Pereopods 1–4 with epipods. Pereopod 1 chelate. Pereopods 2 unequal, left longer with about 74 carpal articles; right shorter with 20–28 articles. Pereopods 3–5 with 5–7 spinules on dactyl, propodus with 15–32 spinules, carpus with 2–4 spines, merus with 4–7 spines, ischium with 0–1 spine, decreasing in number from pereopod 3–5. Posterior margin of abdominal somite 3 with moderate projection. Pleuron of somite 4 with weak ventral point, posterolateral margin of somite 5 with strong point. Somite 6 shorter than telson. Telson with 5 pair dorsolateral spines. Male total length to 83 mm, female to 123 mm. Color in life. Fine red dots over translucent backgroun. Red blotches, bands on pereopods, yellow blotches on pereopods 3–5, third maxilliped with yellow apex. Antennal flagellum with alternate red, transparent bands, flagella of first antenna with red, white bands (Butler 1980, color plate 8B). Habitat and depth. Rocky areas, 5–1984 m. Range. Cape Oyutorsky, Pribilof Is. to San Nicolas I., California, but few records south of Washington state. Type locality off North Head, Akutan I., Alaska. Remarks. Pandalus tridens has been caught commercially off British Columbia. It has been reported southwest of the Colombia River (McCauley 1972, as P. montagui tridens) and off Point Arena and San Nicolas I. in California (Schmitt 1921). Most recent records are from Puget Sound northward., Published as part of Wicksten, Mary K., 2012, Decapod Crustacea of the Californian and Oregonian Zoogeographic Provinces 3371, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3371 on page 104, {"references":["Rathbun, M. J. (1902 a) Descriptions of new decapod crustaceans from the west coast of North America. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 24, 885 - 905.","Rathbun, M. J. (1904) Decapod crustaceans of the northwest coast of North America. Harriman Alaska Expedition, 10, 1 - 219.","Schmitt, W. L. (1921) The marine decapod Crustacea of California. University of California Publications in Zoology, 23, 1 - 470.","Kozloff, E. N. (1974) Keys to the Marine Invertebrates of Puget Sound, the San Juan Archipelago, and Adjacent Regions. University of Washington Press, Seattle, 226 pp.","Word, J. & Charwat, D. (1976) Invertebrates of Southern California Coastal Waters. II. Natantia. Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, El Segundo, California. 238 pp.","Butler, T. H. (1980) Shrimps of the Pacific Coast of Canada. Canadian Bulletin of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 202, 1 - 280.","Wicksten, M. K. (1989 b) Ranges of offshore decapod crustaceans in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History, 21, 291 - 316.","Jensen, G. C. (1995) Pacific Coast Crabs and Shrimps. Sea Challengers, Monterey, California, 87 pp.","McCauley, J. E. (1972) A preliminary checklist of selected groups of invertebrates from otter-trawl and dredge collections off Oregon. In: Pruter, A. T. & Alverson, D. L. (Eds.) The Columbia River Estuary and Adjacent Ocean Waters. Bioenvironmental Studies. University of Washington Press, Seattle, pp. 409 - 443."]}

Pandalus danae Stimpson, 1857 (Fig. 25C–E, Pl. 4 C) Pandalus danae Stimpson, 1857a: 87. — Holmes 1900: 209, pl. 4, figs. 61–62. — Rathbun 1904: 47, fig. 13. — Schmitt 1921: 44, fig. 25, pl. 13, fig. 3. — Johnson & Snook 1927: 302, fig. 257 a, c. — MacGinitie & MacGinitie 1968: 272. — Kozloff 1974: 163. — Word & Charwat 1976: 179. — Butler 1980: 147. pl. 4A. — Ricketts et al. 1985: 352. — Jensen & Armstrong 1987: 216. — Wicksten 1991: 812. — Jensen 1995: 53, fig. 98. — Kuris et al. 2007: 637. Pandalus gurneyi Stimpson, 1871: 128. — Rathbun 1904: 50. — Schmitt 1921: 46, pl. 13, fig. 1. — Johnson & Snook 1927: 303, fig. 257b. — Word & Charwat 1976: 181. — Hendrickx & Wicksten 1989: 83, fig. 8C, D. Pandalus franciscorum Kingsley, 1878b: 94. Diagnosis. Rostrum 1.0–1.6 times as long as carapace, nearly straight to sharply upcurved, with 10–15 dorsal teeth, spines; 6–12 ventral teeth, apex trifid. Eye large. Stylocerite of first antennae short, flagella shorter than carapace. Scaphocerite narrow, lateral tooth exceeding blade, flagellum about equal to body length. Carapace with antennal, pterygostomian teeth. Third maxilliped without exopod but with epipod. Pereopods 1–4 with epipods. Pereopod 1 slender, chelate; ischium with slight lamina. Pereopods 2 unequal, left with about 60 carpal articles, right with 18–21 articles, epipods on pereopods 1–4. Pereopods 3–5 slender, margins spinulose, with 6–9 meral spines. Dorsal posterior margin of abdominal somite 3 slightly produced. Pleuron of somite 4 with weak posterolateral point, pleuron of somite 5 with strong posterolateral point. Somite 6 shorter than telson. Telson with 5 or 6 pairs dorsolateral spines, 2 pair terminal spines. Male total length to 123 mm, female to 140 mm. Color in life. Background translucent, marked with irregular striping, spots of brick red or chocolate brown, with fine brick-red dots between stripes. Fine blue spots on cardiac region of carapace. Antennae and appendages marked with striking bands of white, yellow, red or brown (Butler 1980, color plate 4A; Wicksten 1991). Habitat and depth. Sea grass beds, rocky reefs, mixed shell, sand; lowest intertidal zone to 185 m. Range. Black Hills, north side of Alaskan Peninsula, Alaska to San Quintin Bay, Baja California. Type locality Puget Sound. Remarks. These shrimp often are seen in cracks or near rocks during the day, where they may rest upside down. The long, banded antennae are conspicuous. These shrimp will pick at a diver's equipment or even a gloved hand, but do not show any obvious quivering of the antennae or waving the body, as is seen in tropical cleaner shrimps of the genus Lysmata (Wicksten 2009). Confusion remains as to whether or not P. danae and P. gurneyi are separate species., Published as part of Wicksten, Mary K., 2012, Decapod Crustacea of the Californian and Oregonian Zoogeographic Provinces 3371, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3371 on pages 100-101, {"references":["Stimpson, W. (1857 a) Notices of new species of Crustacea in western North America being an abstract from a paper to be published in the Journal of the Society. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, 6, 84 - 89.","Holmes, S. J. (1900) Synopsis of California stalk-eyed Crustacea. Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences, 7, 12 - 62.","Rathbun, M. J. (1904) Decapod crustaceans of the northwest coast of North America. Harriman Alaska Expedition, 10, 1 - 219.","Schmitt, W. L. (1921) The marine decapod Crustacea of California. University of California Publications in Zoology, 23, 1 - 470.","Johnson, M. E. & Snook, H. J. (1927) Seashore Animals of the Pacific Coast. Dover Publications, New York, reprint 1967, 659 pp.","MacGinitie, G. E. & MacGinitie, N. (1968) Natural History of Marine Animals. McGraw-Hill, NewYork, second ed., 523 pp.","Kozloff, E. N. (1974) Keys to the Marine Invertebrates of Puget Sound, the San Juan Archipelago, and Adjacent Regions. University of Washington Press, Seattle, 226 pp.","Word, J. & Charwat, D. (1976) Invertebrates of Southern California Coastal Waters. II. Natantia. Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, El Segundo, California. 238 pp.","Butler, T. H. (1980) Shrimps of the Pacific Coast of Canada. Canadian Bulletin of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 202, 1 - 280.","Ricketts, E. F., Calvin, J., Hedgpeth, J. W. & Phillips, D. W. (1985) Between Pacific Tides. Stanford University Press, Stanford, California, 5 th ed., 652 pp.","Jensen, G. C. & Armstrong, D. A. (1987) Range extensions of some northeastern Pacific Decapoda. Crustaceana, 52, 215 - 217.","Wicksten, M. K. (1991) Pandalus gurneyi Stimpson synonymized with Pandalus danae Stimpson (Decapoda: Pandalidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 104, 812 - 815.","Jensen, G. C. (1995) Pacific Coast Crabs and Shrimps. Sea Challengers, Monterey, California, 87 pp.","Kuris, A. M., Sadeghian, P. & Carlton, J. T. (2007) Keys to Decapod Crustacea. In: Carlton, J. T. (Ed.) The Light and Smith Manual: Intertidal Invertebrates Central California to Oregon. University of California Press, Berkeley, 4 th ed., pp. 636 - 656.","Stimpson, W. (1871) Notes on North American Crustacea, in the museum of the Smithsonian Institution. No. III. Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History, New York, 10, 921 - 936.","Hendrickx, M. E. & Wicksten, M. K. (1989) Los Pandalidae (Crustacea: Caridea) del Pacifico mexicano, con una clave para su identificacion. Caldasia, 16, 71 - 86.","Kingsley, J. S. (1878 b) Notes on the North American Caridea in the Museum of the Peabody Academy of Science at Salem, Mass. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 30, 89 - 98.","Wicksten, M. K. (2009) Interactions with fishes of five species of Lysmata (Decapoda, Caridea, Lysmatidae). Crustaceana, 82, 1213 - 1223."]}

Pandalus stenolepis Rathbun, 1902 (Fig. 25J–L) Pandalus stenolepis Rathbun, 1902a: 901; 1904: 49, fig. 14. — Johnson & Snook 1927: 303, fig. 257c. — Kozloff 1974: 163. — Butler l980: 145, pl. 2C. — Wicksten 1989b: 313. — Jensen 1995: 55, fig. 103. Diagnosis. Body stout. Rostrum with distal 0.66 ascending sharply, 8–12 dorsal teeth, spines; 5–7 ventral teeth, apex bifid. Carapace with strong antennal, moderate to weak pterygostomian teeth, patch of pubescence on cardiac region. Eyes large, cornea almost spherical. Antennular peduncle short, stylocerite short, round. Scaphocerite narrow, lateral tooth exceeding blade, peduncle short. Third maxilliped moderately stout, antepenultimate segment with slight lamina, epipod present. Pereopods 1–4 with epipods. Pereopod 1 slender, ischium with slight lamina. Pereopod 2 chelate, left leg longer, more slender than right, carpus with about 50 articles; carpus of right leg with l0–13 articles. Pereopod 3 moderately stout, with 0 or l ischial spines, merus with 5–7 spines, carpus with 1 or 2 spines, propodus with l8–22 spinules, dactyl stout, spinose. Pereopod 4 about as stout as third pereopod, with 1 ischial spine, 5–7 meral spines, carpus with l–2 spines, propodus with 14–18 spinules, stout dactyl. Pereopod 5 with 0 or 1 meral spine, merus with 3–5 spines, carpus with 2 spines, propodus with 15–23 spinules, stout dactyl. Abdominal somite 2 with distinct transverse dorsal sulcus, somite 3 with dorsal posterior margin moderately produced. Pleuron of somite 4 with weak ventral point, somite 5 with strong posterolateral point, somite 6 with moderate posteroventral point. Telson moderately wide, tapering to blunt apex, with 4–5 pairs dorsolateral spines. Male total length about 76 mm, female 82 mm. Color in life. Grayish to whitish, with patches of red on carapace, abdomen, appendages; blue dots on abdominal somites. Habitat and depth. Muddy bottoms, 49–229 m. Range. Unalaska I. to Hecata Bank, Oregon. Type locality Strait of Juan de Fuca., Published as part of Wicksten, Mary K., 2012, Decapod Crustacea of the Californian and Oregonian Zoogeographic Provinces 3371, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3371 on pages 103-104, {"references":["Rathbun, M. J. (1902 a) Descriptions of new decapod crustaceans from the west coast of North America. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 24, 885 - 905.","Rathbun, M. J. (1904) Decapod crustaceans of the northwest coast of North America. Harriman Alaska Expedition, 10, 1 - 219.","Johnson, M. E. & Snook, H. J. (1927) Seashore Animals of the Pacific Coast. Dover Publications, New York, reprint 1967, 659 pp.","Kozloff, E. N. (1974) Keys to the Marine Invertebrates of Puget Sound, the San Juan Archipelago, and Adjacent Regions. University of Washington Press, Seattle, 226 pp.","Wicksten, M. K. (1989 b) Ranges of offshore decapod crustaceans in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History, 21, 291 - 316.","Jensen, G. C. (1995) Pacific Coast Crabs and Shrimps. Sea Challengers, Monterey, California, 87 pp."]}

Pandalus jordani Rathbun, 1902 (Fig. 25 F) Pandalus jordani Rathbun, 1902a: 900; 1904: 40. — Schmitt 1921: 41, pl. 14, fig. 1. — Kozloff 1974: 163. — Word & Charwat 1976: 183. — Butler 1980: 133, pl. 4D. — Wicksten 1989b: 313. Diagnosis. Body slender, surface smooth. Rostrum as long as carapace, with 4–17 dorsal spines, teeth; 7–10 ventral teeth, apex acute or bifid. Eye large. Stylocerite of first antennae short, both flagella longer than carapace. Length of scaphocerite of second antenna about half length of rostrum length, lateral tooth, blade equal; basicerite with moderate upper lateral, strong lower spines, flagellum longer than body. Third maxilliped with antepenultimate segment having slight lamina, epipod present. Pereopods 1–4 with epipods. Pereopod 1 slender, proximal end of merus with slight lamina. Pereopods 2 unequal, left longer, with 58–62 articles; right shorter, with 19–22 articles. Pereopods 3–5 slender, with slender dactyls bearing 4–7 spinules, propodus with 8–23 spinules, carpus with 2 or 3 spines, merus with 7–11 spines, ischium with 0 or 1 spine, decreasing in number from pereopod 3–5. Abdominal somite 3 with dorsal posterior part compressed, with carina. Posterolateral margin of pleuron 4 with moderate ventral point, pleuron of somite 5 with strong posterolateral point. Somite 6 shorter than telson. Telson with 8–13 pairs dorsolateral spines, 3 pairs distal spines. Male total length to 125 mm, female to 175 mm. Color in life. Fine red dots on translucent grayish background. Proximal part of antennal flagellum pale pink (Butler 1980). Habitat and depth. Offshore green mud or mixed sand, 36–457 m. Range. Iliuliuk Harbor, Unalaska I. to San Nicolas I., California. Type locality off Santa Cruz I., California. Remarks. Pandalus jordani is fished from Vancouver I. to Morro Bay, California, but the highest population density is off central Oregon. Catches are highest at 110– 183 m., Published as part of Wicksten, Mary K., 2012, Decapod Crustacea of the Californian and Oregonian Zoogeographic Provinces 3371, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3371 on page 101, {"references":["Rathbun, M. J. (1902 a) Descriptions of new decapod crustaceans from the west coast of North America. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 24, 885 - 905.","Rathbun, M. J. (1904) Decapod crustaceans of the northwest coast of North America. Harriman Alaska Expedition, 10, 1 - 219.","Schmitt, W. L. (1921) The marine decapod Crustacea of California. University of California Publications in Zoology, 23, 1 - 470.","Kozloff, E. N. (1974) Keys to the Marine Invertebrates of Puget Sound, the San Juan Archipelago, and Adjacent Regions. University of Washington Press, Seattle, 226 pp.","Word, J. & Charwat, D. (1976) Invertebrates of Southern California Coastal Waters. II. Natantia. Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, El Segundo, California. 238 pp.","Butler, T. H. (1980) Shrimps of the Pacific Coast of Canada. Canadian Bulletin of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 202, 1 - 280.","Wicksten, M. K. (1989 b) Ranges of offshore decapod crustaceans in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History, 21, 291 - 316."]}

Pandalus platyceros Brandt,1851 (Fig. 25G–I, Pl. 4D) Pandalus platyceros Brandt, 1851: 123. — Holmes 1900: 210. — Rathbun 1904: 44. — Schmitt 1921: 43, pl. 14, fig. 3. — Kozloff 1974: 163. — Word & Charwat 1976: 187. — Butler 1980: 139, pl. 2A. — Wicksten 1980c: 364; 1989b: 313. — Jensen 1995: 55, fig. 102. Pandalus pubescentulus Dana, 1852: 24. — Stimpson 1857b: 501. — Kingsley 1878b: 63. Diagnosis. Body stout, carapace pubescent. Length of rostrum 1.2–2.0 times carapace length, with 4–17 dorsal spines, teeth; 6–8 ventral rostral teeth, usually one tooth dorsal, proximal to rostral apex. Carapace with antennal, pterygostomian teeth. Eye large. First antenna with short stylocerite, inner flagellum longer than outer, both longer than carapace. Length of scaphocerite slightly longer than 0.5 times rostrum length, spine slightly exceeding blade, basicerite with moderate upper lateral spine, strong lower spine, flagellum equaling or exceeding body length. Third maxilliped stout, antepenultimate segment with slight lamina, epipod present. Pereopods 1–4 with epipods. Pereopod 1 with minute chela, ischium with slight lamella. Pereopods 2 chelate, left longer than right, left with 27–31 articles, right with 8 or 9 articles. Pereopods 3–5 with dactyls having 4–7 spinules, propodus with 8–23 spinules, carpus with 3 spines, merus with 7–11 spines, ischium with one spine. Dorsal posterior margin of abdominal somite 3 slightly produced. Pleuron of abdominal somite 4 with strong ventral point, pleuron of somite 5 with strong posterolateral point. Somite 6 shorter than telson. Telson with 4–6 pairs dorsolateral spines. Male total length to 230 mm, female to 253 mm. Color in life. Dull red to fawn or tan, with 3 or 4 lateral white stripes on carapace. Pair of conspicuous white spots on dorsolateral surface of abdominal somites 1, 5. Third maxillipeds, pereopods, antennal flagella banded with red, white. Juveniles camouflaged with brown, green or red color similar to algae, eelgrass (Butler 1980). Habitat and depth. Juveniles usually shallower than adults, among sea grasses or algae, adults usually among rocks or on steep slopes, intertidal zone to 487 m. Range. Unalaska I. to off San Diego; Sea of Japan north along Asiatic Pacific coast. Type locality Unalaska I. Remarks. Observations off British Columbia suggest that the shrimp are primarily nocturnal, and may move into shallower waters during the night (Butler 1980). Records from California usually come from deeper subtidal waters, often at the shelf break (about 185 m)., Published as part of Wicksten, Mary K., 2012, Decapod Crustacea of the Californian and Oregonian Zoogeographic Provinces 3371, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3371 on page 103, {"references":["Brandt, F. (1851) Krebse. In: Von Middeendorf, A. T. Reise in den aussersten Norden und Osten Sibiriens wahrend der Jahre 1843 und 1844 mit allerhochster Genehmigung auf Verabnstaltung der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu St. Petersburg ausgefuhrt und in Verbeindung mit vielen Gelehrten herasugegeben. 2 (Zoologie), 77 - 148.","Holmes, S. J. (1900) Synopsis of California stalk-eyed Crustacea. Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences, 7, 12 - 62.","Rathbun, M. J. (1904) Decapod crustaceans of the northwest coast of North America. Harriman Alaska Expedition, 10, 1 - 219.","Schmitt, W. L. (1921) The marine decapod Crustacea of California. University of California Publications in Zoology, 23, 1 - 470.","Kozloff, E. N. (1974) Keys to the Marine Invertebrates of Puget Sound, the San Juan Archipelago, and Adjacent Regions. University of Washington Press, Seattle, 226 pp.","Word, J. & Charwat, D. (1976) Invertebrates of Southern California Coastal Waters. II. Natantia. Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, El Segundo, California. 238 pp.","Butler, T. H. (1980) Shrimps of the Pacific Coast of Canada. Canadian Bulletin of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 202, 1 - 280.","Wicksten, M. K. (1980 c) Mainland and insular assemblges of benthic decapod crustaceans of southern California. In: Power, D. M. (Ed). The California Islands: Proceedings of a Multidisciplinary Symposium. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, California, pp. 357 - 367.","Wicksten, M. K. (1989 b) Ranges of offshore decapod crustaceans in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History, 21, 291 - 316.","Jensen, G. C. (1995) Pacific Coast Crabs and Shrimps. Sea Challengers, Monterey, California, 87 pp.","Stimpson, W. (1857 b) On the Crustacea and Echinodermata of the Pacific shores of North America. Journal of the Boston Society of Natural History, 6, 444 - 532.","Kingsley, J. S. (1878 b) Notes on the North American Caridea in the Museum of the Peabody Academy of Science at Salem, Mass. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 30, 89 - 98."]}

Pandalus brevis Rathbun, 1906, based on an Hawaiian specimen and never rediscovered until now, was found in Madagascar and is redescribed. The reexamination of Rathbun's type reveals that this species belongs to the genus Bitias Fransen, 1990, which with Billas stocki Fransen, 1990, includes now 2 species which are compared.

Domestication becomes significant in captive propagation of high-fecundity animals which sustain significant mortality rates. The domestication process typical of higher vertebrates has been observed in the coonstripe shrimp, Pandalus danae, which were reared through 10 generations for study of protandric hermaphroditism. The research protocol of repeated handling, for determining sex and carapace length, rendered escape responses maladaptive. Domesticated, F10 shrimp showed significantly greater band-sharing in genomic DNA than wild shrimp, and the domesticated shrimp had only 5.5% of the dopamine levels in haemolymph found in wild shrimp. For both parameters, outcrossed shrimp (wild X domestic) had intermediate values. The outcrossed shrimp looked entirely wild, yet had behavioral and metabolic attributes of domestic shrimp. For such nonendangered species, domestication may be as desirable as it is unavoidable. It appears necessary, however, to perform outcrossing in order to maintain the wild form. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

We provide evidence for a trophic cascade involving apex predators and mesopredators of marine temperate reefs, lingcod and rockfish, respectively. We measured spatio-temporal variation in the relative abundance of lingcod, subadult rockfish and two shrimp groups eaten by rockfish ( Pandalus sp. and three smaller-bodied genera aggregated). Lingcod had an indirect positive effect on shrimps, as mediated by the direct negative effects of lingcod on rockfish and of rockfish on shrimps. These top-down effects on shrimps, however, were stronger for Pandalus than for small-bodied shrimps. Further, abundances of Pandalus and small-bodied shrimps were negatively correlated and the latter had a stronger positive effect on rockfish, suggesting that rockfish mediated asymmetrical apparent competition between shrimps. Our results indicate mechanisms by which predatory fishes may influence the structure of marine communities.

Genus Stylopandalus Couti��re, 1905 (Figs. 7, 8) Stylopandalus Couti��re, 1905: 115; Chace, 1985: 135; Holthuis, 1993: 278. Diagnosis: Rostrum immovably attached to carapace, armed with fixed teeth on both margins. Carapace without supraorbital spine and lateral carinae; dorsally carenate anteriorly, rounded posteriorly. Third abdominal somite bearing movable posteromesial stout seta (frequently lost). Cornea wider than eyestalk. Second maxilliped with terminal segment longer than wide. Maxilliped 3 with exopod. Pereopods without epipods; pereopod 2 with carpus subdivided in to more than three articles (modified from Chace, 1985). Remarks: Chace (1985) affirms that the single species that prompted Couti��re (1905) to propose the subgenus Stylopandalus seems sufficiently distinct from the members of the genus Plesionika to justify generic recognition. The author pointed that the most significant feature, taxonomically, is the elongate terminal segment of the maxilliped 2 (Fig. 8 A). Also of generic importance, is the slender movable spine in abdominal somite 3 (but it is frequently lost), and the appendix masculina on pleopod 2 unusually slender, with long stout setae along the anterior margin (Fig. 8 B). The dactyls of pereopods 3���5 with single distal long stout setae were incomplete (in more than a half of their length, Fig. 8 C) in Brazilian material observed herein., Published as part of Cardoso, Irene, 2009, Report on some Plesionika Bate, 1888 and first record of Stylopandalus Couti��re, 1905 (Caridea, Pandalidae) from Brazilian waters, pp. 53-68 in Zootaxa 2120 on pages 64-66, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.188076, {"references":["Coutiere, H. (1905) Note preliminaire sur les eucyphotes recueillis par S. A. S. le prince de Monaco a l'aide du filet a grande ouverture (campagnes de la \" Princesse Alice \" 1903 - 1904). Bulletin du Musee Oceanographique de Monaco, 48, 1 - 35.","Chace, F. A. (1985) The caridean shrimps (Crustacea: Decapoda) of the Albatross Philippine Expedition, 1907 - 1910, Part 3: Families Thalassocarididae and Pandalidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 411, 1 - 143.","Holthuis, L. B. (1993) The Recent genera of the Caridean and Stenopodidean shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda) with an appendix on the order Amphionidacea. Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, Leiden, 328 pp."]}