For settling estates, the German law of succession provides two alternatives: intestate succession or succession in accordance with a disposition of the deceased (e.g., a testament). In all cases in which the deceased is – with regard to the settlement of his estate – not completely free of own interests or in which the standardized legal order of intestate succession does not by chance bring about the settlement of the estate as intended by the deceased, disposing the succession presents a possibility to settle an estate in accordance with individual interests. Hereby, the deceased can dispose not only the size of his successors' shares in the estate, but also the concrete composition of their individual shares in the estate. As non-compensated asset transfers, the various forms of transfer in the context of an estate succession after the deceased's death are in Germany subject to inheritance tax, which is assessed according to the individual circumstances of the transfer on the level of the transferee. As the extent of the individual inheritance tax burden depends on numerous individual features of the transferee as well as on characteristics of the estate to be transferred, inheritance tax burdens are quite regularly disproportionate to the size of the share in the estate, so that the inherited portions may be shifted due to their taxation. In this case, after the fiscal impositions have been subtracted, the successors' (net) shares in the estate are no longer identical with the shares in the estate that the deceased had originally disposed by his will. For example, if the (net) shares in the estate of successors who have originally been made identical provisions for in the deceased's will, turn out to be highly dissimilar after tax deduction, even the most basic intentions of the deceased, which underlie his disposition, are very often not realized. However, an estate settlement that is primarily characterized by the accidentalities of the tax law code to be applied, does reduce the principle that the deceased as the owner of an estate is entitled to an estate settlement in accordance with his individual preferences, to absurdity. The focus of the scholarly literature on inheritance tax and estate planning, is traditionally on minimizing the resulting inheritance tax charges. However, this focus neglects the fact that in settling an estate a tax optimization – the results of which, by the way, will not benefit the deceased anyway – makes sense only after the realization of the elementary non-tax intentions concerning the estate succession (e.g., equitability in inheritance or estate continuity) is ensured. Therefore, this dissertation is to introduce "relational neutrality in estate settlement" as a discrete objective of estate settlement into the scholarly discussion on estate planning as well as to introduce practitioners in the field of estate planning to ways of prospectively, i.e., already at the time when the estate succession is disposed – taking potential tax-induced shiftings in the estate settlement into consideration. To this end, the study lays great emphasis on the following questions: - What are tax-induced shifts of the shares in an estate, and how can these be distinguished from other fiscal impacts in the context of estate transfers after the deceased's death?- What are the reasons for tax-induced shifts of the shares in an estate, and how can the effects resulting from these shifts be systematized?- How can these effects – resulting in individual cases from tax-induced shifts of the shares in an estate – be quantified, and how much importance is to be attributed to them in various statutory regulations of succession? - In which cases do tax-induced shifts of the shares in an estate make demand for separate planning, and which tools can be used to adequately account for the effects resulting from tax-induced shifts of the shares in an estate?Following an overview of basic concepts concerning inheritance taxation and fiscal law, the structural approach of this study is primarily based on the approach of the classic study of tax sciences: After a detailed analysis of taxation effects in order to reveal the various cause/effect relationships, the recognized causal relationships are instrumentalized in a targeted way for the purpose of tax-oriented estate settlements. The individual findings make it feasible to develop alternative estate settlement concepts for different categories of such settlements, through which unintended shifts of the shares in an estate can already be compensated for at the time when the estate succession is disposed. Also, it can be shown that depending on which estate settlement case is combined with which alternative settlement approach, the outcome is either a higher or a smaller tax burden in comparison to that without a compensation for the shift. On account of these effects on the total tax burden of the estate settlement, it is possible – while also striving for minimizing the fiscal imposition – to give clear recommendations on which alternative settlement approach to apply for which estate settlement case. The reader is thus not only provided with a detailed breakdown on how to apply which alternative settlement approach in various underlying settlement cases, but also with reliable decision-making guidance on selecting the tax optimal settlement approach.