15,106 results
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52. A Shared Lens around Sensemaking in Learning Analytics: What Activity Theory, Definition of a Situation and Affordances Can Offer
- Author
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Oleksandra Poquet
- Abstract
The paper argues that learning analytics as a research field can benefit from a theory-informed shared language to describe sensemaking of learning and teaching data. To make the case for such shared language, first, I critically review prominent sensemaking theories to then demonstrate how studies in learning analytics do not use coherent descriptions of sensemaking, eclectically combining the paradigms that have underlying differences. I then propose a conceptualization of sensemaking that overcomes the differences between these theories and explains how the concepts of "activity system," the "definition of the situation" and "affordances" can be used to capture individual differences in sensemaking. The paper concludes with a preliminary framework and examples demonstrating its utility in raising new theoretical questions, informing design principles and providing shared language for researchers in learning analytics.
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
53. Emergency Medical Services (EMS) and the California EMS Information System (CEMSIS) Working Paper
- Author
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Doggett, Sarah, Ragland, David R., and Felschundneff, Grace
- Subjects
CEMSIS ,EMS ,data ,response time ,collisions - Abstract
This study examines data from the California EMS Information System (CEMSIS) to identify factors that influence prehospital time for EMS events related to motor vehicle collisions (MVCs). While only 19 percent of the United States population resides in rural areas, over half of all traffic fatalities involve rural motor vehicle collisions. Rural and urban MVCs result in similar injury severities, however relative inaccessibility of trauma centers and prehospital EMS time (activation, response, and transport time) likely contribute to the generally higher mortality rate in rural areas. For the present study, 24 CEMSIS data variables were requested, many of which involved missing data, which severely restricted the potential analysis of the impact of EMS response times. However, the findings did show that average overall EMS time (including response, scene and transport time) were approximately twice as long for collisions in rural zip codes compared with urban zip codes. Several limitations influence the interpretation of these results. Data on prehospital EMS times is missing for much of the state—even for zip codes with records of EMS events, data is likely incomplete. In addition, zip code level location data is insufficient for adequate study of the effects of the built environment and road network on prehospital time. Furthermore, according to the National EMS Information System (NEMSIS) User Manual, the national dataset suffers from selection and information bias, which are likely also present in the CEMSIS data. Although the present study cannot analyze the effect of longer prehospital times on patient outcome, other research has found that longer prehospital times may negatively impact patient health. Recommendations for reducing time from injury to appropriate medical care in rural areas include improving cell phone coverage, compliance of rural 911 center with FCC wireless, use of GPS technology, and integration of automatic vehicle location and computer aided navigation technologies into all computer-aided dispatch systems. In addition, CEMSIS should improve the coverage of their dataset and ensure that all EMS activities are recorded. To expand the type of analyses that can be conducted using CEMSIS data, EMS records must include fields that allow them to be linked to hospital and police datasets. When such data becomes available, research must be conducted to determine whether prehospital time is significantly related to patient outcome following motor vehicle collisions.
- Published
- 2019
54. Can't Inflate Data? Let the Models Unite and Vote: Data-Agnostic Method to Avoid Overfit with Small Data
- Author
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Shimmei, Machi and Matsuda, Noboru
- Abstract
We propose an innovative, effective, and data-agnostic method to train a deep-neural network model with an extremely small training dataset, called VELR (Voting-based Ensemble Learning with Rejection). In educational research and practice, providing valid labels for a sufficient amount of data to be used for supervised learning can be very costly and often impractical. The shortage of training data often results in deep neural networks being overfitting. There are many methods to avoid overfitting such as data augmentation and regularization. Though, data augmentation is considerably data dependent and does not usually work well for natural language processing tasks. Moreover, regularization is often quite task specific and costly. To address this issue, we propose an ensemble of overfitting models with uncertainty-based rejection. We hypothesize that misclassification can be identified by estimating the distribution of the class-posterior probability P(y|x) as a random variable. The proposed VELR method is data independent, and it does not require changes to the model structure or the re-training of the model. Empirical studies demonstrated that VELR achieved classification accuracy of 0.7 with only 200 samples per class on the CIFAR-10 dataset, but 75% of input samples were rejected. VELR was also applied to a question generation task using a BERT language model with only 350 training data points, which resulted in generating questions that are indistinguishable from human-generated questions. The paper concludes that VELR has potential applications to a broad range of real-world problems where misclassification is very costly, which is quite common in the educational domain. [For the complete proceedings, see ED630829.]
- Published
- 2023
55. Cleaning up the paper trail – our clinical notes in open view
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Lambe, Gerard, Linnane, Niall, Callanan, Ian, and Butler, Marcus W.
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- 2018
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56. Learning from the Successes and Failures of Charter Schools. Discussion Paper 2012-06
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Brookings Institution, Hamilton Project and Fryer, Roland G.
- Abstract
Our education system is in desperate need of innovation. Despite radical advances in nearly every other sector, public school students continue to attend school in the same buildings and according to the same schedule as students did more than a hundred years ago, and performance is either stagnant or worsening. One of the most important innovations in the past half-century is the emergence of charter schools, which, when first introduced in 1991, came with two distinct promises: to serve as an escape hatch for students in failing schools, and to create and incubate new educational practices. We examine charter schools across the quality spectrum in order to learn which practices separate high-achieving from low-achieving schools. An expansive data collection and analysis project in New York City charter schools yielded an index of five educational practices that explains nearly half of the difference between high- and low-performing schools. We then draw on preliminary evidence from demonstration projects in Houston and Denver and find the effects on student achievement to be strikingly similar to those of many high-performing charter schools and networks. The magnitude of the problems in our education system is enormous, but this preliminary evidence points to a path forward to save the 3 million students in our nation's worst-performing schools, for a price of about $6 billion, or less than $2,000 per student. (Contains 1 table, 2 boxes, 3 figures and 5 endnotes.)
- Published
- 2012
57. Making Connections for Youth in Washington State: The Role of Data in Developing Sound Public Policy. CEDR Working Paper No. 2010-1.0
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Center for Education Data & Research (CEDR) and Goldhaber, Dan
- Abstract
The details of school reform in Washington State continue to evolve, but the unprecedented performance demands that it and NCLB place on schools are unlikely to disappear any time soon. The same is true of the large gap that exists between today's performance and tomorrow's aspirations. By any measure, significant improvements in performance now have a permanent place on Washington State's agenda for youth. If Washington is going to take these aspirations and their accompanying challenges seriously, it needs (among many other things) informed advice based upon adequate data and careful objective analysis. Right now, getting such advice isn't easy--in fact, it's almost impossible. This is because the immense amount of data that Washington collects on issues related to education and youth--including data about students and teachers, but also about the labor market and health initiatives--is largely an uncoordinated mixture of isolated facts. In the end, the promise of well thought-out and rigorous research that can help policymakers develop serious answers to the aspirations and challenges surrounding Washington State's youth depends on assembling these scattered bits and pieces of information into a single youth-focused data repository. Such a repository would allow the state to better harness the power of empirical analyses, as is already being done in numerous other states, to ensure that Washington's investments and public policies are based on the best possible information, resulting in the most effective use of taxpayer dollars. (Contains 15 endnotes.)
- Published
- 2010
58. The Role of Food Assistance Programs and Employment Circumstances in Helping Households with Children Avoid Hunger. Discussion Paper No. 1280-04
- Author
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Wisconsin Univ., Madison. Inst. for Research on Poverty., Kabbani, Nader S., and Yazbeck, Myra
- Abstract
Households with children in the United States are more likely to experience food insecurity than households with no children. However, households with children are less likely to experience hunger. This finding suggests that food insecure households with children may be drawing on personal and/or public resources to help them avoid hunger. In this paper, we use data from the April Food Security Supplements of the Current Population Survey to evaluate whether federal food assistance programs play a role in helping households with children avoid hunger. The problem of the endogeneity of a household's participation decision is addressed in two ways. First, for the Food Stamp Program, we use exogenous state-level policy variables that affect participation but not food security. Second, for households that experienced hunger during a given year, we study whether participation in any of the three largest federal food assistance programs was associated with lower levels of food insecurity during the last 30 days of that year. The paper also studies whether one personal resource, household employment circumstances, helps households with children avoid hunger. We find that by using better income data from the March Demographic Survey and by using a 10-item adult-referenced food security scale that excludes child-referenced items, we are able to control for the observed differences between households with and without children under 5 years old. For households with school-age children, only participation in the National School Lunch Program appears able to explain why they are able to avoid hunger. (Contains 10 tables and 20 footnotes.)
- Published
- 2004
59. Starting a Conversation about Open Data in Mathematics Education Research
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Mathematics Education Research Group of Australasia and Logan, Tracy
- Abstract
This position paper discusses the role of open access research data within mathematics education, a relatively new initiative across the wider research community. International and national policy documents are explored and examples from both the scientific and social science paradigms of mathematical sciences and mathematics education respectively are provided. Within these examples, some of the more well-known concerns associated with making data open and accessible are acknowledged and debated.
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- 2015
60. Snapshots of Reform: District Efforts to Raise Student Achievement across Diverse Communities in California. Working Paper 06-2
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Policy Analysis for California Education (PACE), Woody, Elisabeth L., Bae, Soung, Park, Sandra, and Russell, Jennifer
- Abstract
Achievement gaps have real consequences for students, particularly those facing the challenge of passing the California High School Exit Exam (CAHSEE), now a requirement in order to receive a high school diploma in California. The combined 2005 CAHSEE passing rates reveal significant discrepancies between White and Asian students and their African American and Latino peers. Passing rates for the Math exam were 80% and 86% for White and Asian students respectively, and 44% and 51% for African American and Latino students respectively. Results from the English Language Arts exam show similar inequities, with 83% and 75% of White and Asian students passing and only 54% and 53% of African American and Latino students passing. In response to these disturbing trends, the authors find that some school districts in California are showing success in closing achievement gaps. This report spotlights the efforts of three districts to address inequities in achievement, and provides information about a variety of strategies that districts have found to be effective in raising achievement for diverse populations of students. The authors present a range of approaches in an effort to remind policymakers and educators that no one strategy is likely to be effective for all districts, and that much can be learned from an investigation of a combination of approaches. (Contains 11 figures.)
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- 2006
61. Sammon Mapping-Based Gradient Boosted Trees for Tax Crime Prediction in the City of São Paulo
- Author
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Ippolito, André, Lozano, Augusto Cezar Garcia, van der Aalst, Wil, Series Editor, Mylopoulos, John, Series Editor, Rosemann, Michael, Series Editor, Shaw, Michael J., Series Editor, Szyperski, Clemens, Series Editor, Filipe, Joaquim, editor, Śmiałek, Michał, editor, Brodsky, Alexander, editor, and Hammoudi, Slimane, editor
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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62. Manuscripts Submitted for Publication in the Information Profession in Africa: A Comparative Analysis of Characteristics of Rejected and Accepted Papers.
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Aina, L. O. and Mabawonku, I. M.
- Abstract
Examines the characteristics of rejected manuscripts submitted to the "African Journal of Library, Archives and Information Science." Most of the papers were rejected because they contributed nothing new to knowledge (65.5%), used unreliable data (13.1%) and lacked focus (13.1%). There were no remarkable differences with regard to status and affiliations between authors of rejected and accepted papers. (Author/AEF)
- Published
- 1998
63. Population-Sample Relationships and Data Types. Occasional Paper No. 1.
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Management and Information System for Occupational Education, Winchester, MA. and Conroy, William G.
- Abstract
The paper, one of a series written as the Management Information System for Occupational Education (MISOE) was conceptualized, examines relationships between the anticipated census and sample data to be developed and maintained by the system. Two related information sources are planned: one is a census information system which includes data about every occupational education program in every school in every city and town in Massachusetts, and the other is a sample information system by occupational programs, stratified over school-type, geographical setting-type, and student characteristic-type dimensions currently operative in the State. The types and purposes of the census and sample data to be collected and maintained are described. The descriptive data (input information, process information, product information, and impact information) and analytical data (cost accounting information, process product data, cost product information, product impact information, process impact data, and cost impact data) included in the sample data system are discussed at length, defining each type and showing how each data type is related to the census. (The author suggests that Monograph Number 1, which is available as ED 062 553, be read in conjunction with this paper.) (Author/MS)
- Published
- 1972
64. Interval Estimation of [Omega Squared], the Proportion of Variance Associated with a Set of Fixed Treatments. Iowa Testing Programs Occasional Paper Number 32.
- Author
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Iowa Testing Programs, Iowa City., Feldt, Leonard S., and Melican, Gerald J.
- Abstract
Experimenters sometimes wish to estimate for a particular dependent variable the proportion of total group variance that is associated with mean differences among fixed treatments or subject classifications. Hays (1981) represents this proportion by the parameter omega squared. A point estimate may be easily computed as a function of the number of treatments, the total sample size, and the mean squares between and within treatments. This paper presents tables which facilitate the construction of 90 or 95 percent confidence intervals for omega squared. (Author)
- Published
- 1983
65. Students, History Textbooks, and the Hidden Dimension. Occasional Paper Number 77-1.
- Author
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State Univ. of New York, Stony Brook. American Historical Association Faculty Development Program., Kingman, Barry, Kingman, Barry, and State Univ. of New York, Stony Brook. American Historical Association Faculty Development Program.
- Abstract
Since history textbooks omit and/or emphasize certain data, students are left with a false sense of history. Although the "hard data" presented in history texts is generally regarded as reliable, the selection and organization of that data is inherently manipulative because other data has been excluded. Because authors do not begin with a description of the frame of reference which underlies their work, most historical writings have a hidden subjectivity. Three discovery exercises are presented to help secondary or undergraduate students overcome manipulation by texts and promote independent thought. In the first exercise, students identify data about the period 1972-76 which historians might include in one chapter of a text in the year 2050. Once a list of social, economic, and political data has been compiled, students decide which to emphasize and which to eliminate. Lack of concensus will demonstrate how objectivity becomes impossible. Classes can analyze their own texts from this perspective. Exercise two emphasizes how different forms of textbook organization lead the reader towards certain understandings and deemphasize others. In the third exercise, students try to select objective, analytical questions about given periods of history. An assignment to write ten objective sentences and ten analytical statements can point out that the distinction between "objective" and "analytical" is often not clear. (AV)
- Published
- 1976
66. Changing Migration Patterns Within the United States. Resource Papers for College Geography No. 77-2.
- Author
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Association of American Geographers, Washington, DC. Commission on College Geography. and Roseman, Curtis C.
- Abstract
In this study migration is examined as a component of population change. Decisions involved in migration are discussed. Source of migration data are suggested. Generalized in-migration and out-migration fields are described. Migration patterns before 1975 and recent migration patterns are examined and decisions underlying the latter are analyzed. Case studies of Vermont, New Hampshire, Maine, and Arkansas are used to illustrate migration concepts accounting for recent population changes. Impacts of recent migration patterns are discussed. An extensive bibliography and suggestions for utilizing this document in classrooms are also included. (Author/MC)
- Published
- 1977
67. The Quantitative and Qualitative in the Physical Sciences and the Implications for Evaluation. Research on Evaluation Program, Paper and Report Series, No. 25.
- Author
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Northwest Regional Educational Lab., Portland, OR. and Caulley, Darrel N.
- Abstract
Significant questions are addressed in an extensive discussion of the differences between qualitative and quantitative concepts and measurement strategies in the physical sciences. Also included is a discussion of number-generating activities often grouped in the social sciences under the term of measurement. Implications for the redirection of evaluation practice are considered. Specifically, Part I of the report distinguishes between the different types of concepts and the data associated with them. One conclusion is that the initial understanding of a phenomenon must be through qualitative concepts, and from them quantitative concepts may evolve. Part II examines various ways in which numbers are assigned; concluding that neither assignment nor measurement is synonymous with quantification. Part III examines the history of both the qualitative and quantitative in the physical sciences, and the implications for evaluation. The main idea of Part III is that much qualitative work has been prerequisite to fruitful quantification in the physical sciences. Because evaluation draws on the social sciences, which are in early developmental stages, quantification in evaluation may not be as fruitful as qualitative methodology. (Author/GK)
- Published
- 1979
68. Eastside, Westside... An Exercise in Applying Document Analysis Techniques in Educational Evaluation. Research on Evaluation Program Paper and Report Series. No. 78. Interim Draft.
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Northwest Regional Educational Lab., Portland, OR. and Garman, Keats
- Abstract
This booklet is about document analysis and its utility as a method in education evaluation, and is intended for evaluators in local school districts, regional education agencies, and state departments of education. Document analysis is described as a technique that relies heavily upon a variety of written materials for data, insights, and judgments about programs or events. Also described are document tracking, verification, and content analysis, the procedures employed in document analysis. A series of exercises based on actual documents related to the closure of several schools in Portland, Oregon, during the 1980-81 school year are provided for practice in these procedures. (LC)
- Published
- 1982
69. NOTES AND WORKING PAPERS CONCERNING THE ADMINISTRATION OF PROGRAMS AUTHORIZED UNDER TITLE I OF THE ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION ACT OF 1965, PROGRAM PARTICIPATION OF NONPUBLIC SCHOOL CHILDREN.
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Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. Senate Committee on Labor and Public Welfare.
- Abstract
THIS EVALUATION REPORT ON THE PARTICIPATION OF NONPUBLIC SCHOOL CHILDREN IN TITLE I PROJECTS IS BASED ON CASE STUDIES OF 10 LARGE, 10 MEDIUM, AND 10 SMALL SCHOOL SYSTEMS THROUGHOUT THE UNITED STATES. THE STUDIES WERE PREPARED THROUGH THE EFFORTS OF 14 FIELD SURVEY COORDINATORS WHO INTERVIEWED PUBLIC AND NONPUBLIC SCHOOL REPRESENTATIVES AT BOTH THE STATE AND LOCAL LEVEL. TABLES CONTAINING BASIC DATA FROM THE STATE AND LOCAL EDUCATION AGENCIES, A GLOSSARY OF TERMS, AND A BIBLIOGRAPHY ON TITLE I AND OTHER COMPENSATORY EDUCATION PROGRAMS ARE INCLUDED IN THIS REPORT. THIS DOCUMENT IS ALSO AVAILABLE FROM THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON, D.C. 20402. (LB)
- Published
- 1967
70. Improving Validity of Disaster Related Information by Identifying Correlation Among Different Social Media Streams
- Author
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Arshad, Muhammad Faizan, Kasi, Bakhtiar, Ul-Amin, Riaz, Malik, Abdul Sattar, Filipe, Joaquim, Editorial Board Member, Ghosh, Ashish, Editorial Board Member, Kotenko, Igor, Editorial Board Member, Prates, Raquel Oliveira, Editorial Board Member, Zhou, Lizhu, Editorial Board Member, Bajwa, Imran Sarwar, editor, Sibalija, Tatjana, editor, and Jawawi, Dayang Norhayati Abang, editor
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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71. Laser Based Technology of Monitoring the Dynamic Displacements of Objects Spatial Structures
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Sikora, Lubomyr, Lysa, Natalya, Martsyshyn, Roman, Miyushkovych, Yulia, Fedyna, Bohdana, Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Pal, Nikhil R., Advisory Editor, Bello Perez, Rafael, Advisory Editor, Corchado, Emilio S., Advisory Editor, Hagras, Hani, Advisory Editor, Kóczy, László T., Advisory Editor, Kreinovich, Vladik, Advisory Editor, Lin, Chin-Teng, Advisory Editor, Lu, Jie, Advisory Editor, Melin, Patricia, Advisory Editor, Nedjah, Nadia, Advisory Editor, Nguyen, Ngoc Thanh, Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, Shakhovska, Natalya, editor, and Medykovskyy, Mykola O., editor
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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72. What Is the Evidence Base for Climate-Smart Agriculture in East and Southern Africa? A Systematic Map
- Author
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Rosenstock, Todd S., Lamanna, Christine, Namoi, Nictor, Arslan, Aslihan, Richards, Meryl, Rosenstock, Todd S., editor, Nowak, Andreea, editor, and Girvetz, Evan, editor
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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73. "Paper More Precious Than Blood": Chinese Exclusion Era Identity Documentation Processes and Racialization of Identity Data.
- Author
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Nham, Kai
- Subjects
- *
RACIALIZATION ,CHINESE Exclusion Act of 1882 - Abstract
This project interrogates the United States' national fixation on the answer to the question: Who are you? In this article, it is posed that identity documentation practices arising out of the Chinese Exclusion Act era cast identity as an empirical and immutable phenomenon, specifically in response to the racialization of American-born Chinese settlers as duplicitous, through the mechanisms that information is collected, the actual information itself, and the cross-references or connections created between cases. Through tracing this lineage, racialized identification data is identified and theorized as part of hegemonic data regimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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74. To Stand the Test of Time: Long-Term Stewardship of Digital Data Sets in Science and Engineering. A Report to the National Science Foundation from the ARL Workshop on New Collaborative Relationships--The Role of Academic Libraries in the Digital Data Universe (Arlington, Virginia, September 26-27, 2006)
- Author
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Association of Research Libraries, Friedlander, Amy, and Adler, Prudence
- Abstract
The rapid adoption of information technology and ubiquitous networking has transformed the research and education landscape. Central to this transformation are scientific and engineering digital data collections. The life cycle management challenges associated with these intellectual assets are substantial. This is a report of a two-day workshop that examined the role of research and academic libraries with other partners in the stewardship of scientific and engineering digital data. Workshop participants explored issues concerning the need for new partnerships and collaborations among domain scientists, librarians, and data scientists to better manage digital data collections; necessary infrastructure development to support digital data; and the need for sustainable economic models to support long-term stewardship of scientific and engineering digital data for the nation's cyberinfrastructure. The workshop builds on prior studies supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF), engaging numerous research communities. It reflects the recognition, voiced in many NSF workshop reports, that digital data stewardship is fundamental to the future of scientific and engineering research and the education enterprise, and hence to innovation and competitiveness. Overall, it is clear that an ecology of institutional arrangements among individuals and organizations, sharing an infrastructure, will be required to address the particularities of heterogeneous digital data and diverse scholarly and professional cultures. The background of the workshop is described in Chapter I. Descriptions of the discussions of the three major topics from the three breakout groups and in plenary sessions are provided in Chapters II, III, and IV, and Chapter V discusses additional topics raised in the plenary sessions and final recommendations. Appended are: (1) List of Participants; (2) Agenda; (3) Plenary Papers; (4) Breakout Session Reports; (5) Position Papers; and (6) Examples of Scientific Community Archives. (Contains 11 figures, 2 boxes, 20 footnotes and 5 endnotes.)
- Published
- 2006
75. Sanctity of Digital Privacy and Personal Data during COVID-19: Are Youths Enough Digitally Literate to Deal with It?
- Author
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Ghosh, Swagata, Chauhan, Gajendra Singh, and Kotwal, Renu
- Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has fast-tracked the development of digital applications and inspired everyone to adapt to the technologies to curb the spread of outbreak. As this crisis intensifies, the rapid usage of digital devices and apps has echoed the serious concerns about civil liberties, privacy, and data protection. Considering the situation, this research aimed to explore the internet using habits of the youths of West Bengal, a state in eastern India, during COVID-19. Besides, the paper explored their experiences of using various digital applications, the fundamental digital literacy and how safely they protect data from breaches. Thus, the paper presents the results by conducting an online survey among the youths in West Bengal. The result, from 215 participants, highlighted that the increased use of these digital applications has not matched the demand for digital privacy literacy among the young generation of the state. While this pandemic has raised their concerns over digital privacy and data protection, yet they do not undertake any strong protection mechanisms to safeguard them digitally. Besides, this paper suggests suitable plans to raise awareness among this generation and form a healthy digital citizenship with a proper regulatory framework as it is the need of the hour.
- Published
- 2023
76. Privacy Preserving Data Offloading Based on Transformation
- Author
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Saharan, Shweta, Laxmi, Vijay, Singh Gaur, Manoj, Zemmari, Akka, Hutchison, David, Series Editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series Editor, Kittler, Josef, Series Editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series Editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series Editor, Mitchell, John C., Series Editor, Naor, Moni, Series Editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series Editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series Editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series Editor, Tygar, Doug, Series Editor, Zemmari, Akka, editor, Mosbah, Mohamed, editor, Cuppens-Boulahia, Nora, editor, and Cuppens, Frédéric, editor
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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77. Future Climate Projections in Africa: Where Are We Headed?
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Girvetz, Evan, Ramirez-Villegas, Julian, Claessens, Lieven, Lamanna, Christine, Navarro-Racines, Carlos, Nowak, Andreea, Thornton, Phil, Rosenstock, Todd S., Rosenstock, Todd S., editor, Nowak, Andreea, editor, and Girvetz, Evan, editor
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
78. How Big Is a Leaf? Using Cognitive Tuning to Explore a Teacher's Communication Processes to Elicit Children's Emerging Ideas about Data
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Mathematics Education Research Group of Australasia (MERGA), Fry, Kym, English, Lyn, and Makar, Katie
- Abstract
The intangible concept of data, as part of statistical literacy, can be complex for young children to grasp. Inquiry as a pedagogy has potential for supporting student development of statistical literacy as the investigation process is driven by the inquiry question. The aim of this paper is to gain insight into how a teacher's communication processes with her students supported their emerging understandings about the abstract concept of data. In this exploratory case study, we present data from a Year 4 classroom (age 9) in a guided mathematical inquiry within the STEM context of agricultural science. The inquiry question the students addressed was, "How big is a leaf?" The inquiry focused on linking data to the real-life context the data represented.
- Published
- 2022
79. Psychological Testing at Entrance Exam at 'Dunarea de Jos' University of Galati, Romania
- Author
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Andrei, Mihaela and Pricopie-Filip, Alina
- Abstract
The university admission test comes after the high school graduation exam - the baccalaureate. The baccalaureate results of each candidate must be known by the university admissions committee. They provide information on the degree of intelligence, the skills acquired up to this date, but also the presence of inclinations and skills indispensable to the fulfillment of professional aspirations. The university entrance exam should not be focused only on quantity and quality of knowledge. Besides that, one of the objectives of this exam must be to test the interest in completing the studies through the university level for which he opts, but also the candidate's skills that "offer" him the productive and satisfying course of the entire cycle of higher education, even the perspective of future achievements. To realize that three psychological investigation tools of candidates (tests) can be used, necessary to highlight: (1) personality profile of the candidate; (2) interest profile, motivational; and (3) aptitude profile. The paper proposes a new admission methodology: the data collected through the proposed tests and correlated with the high school graduation data can accept the candidates, as admitted to the profile they opted for, or can redirect them to choose the right path. [For the full proceedings, see ED630948.]
- Published
- 2022
80. Towards Real Interpretability of Student Success Prediction Combining Methods of XAI and Social Science
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Cohausz, Lea
- Abstract
Despite calls to increase the focus on explainability and interpretability in EDM and, in particular, student success prediction, so that it becomes useful for personalized intervention systems, only few efforts have been undertaken in that direction so far. In this paper, we argue that this is mainly due to the limitations of current Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) approaches regarding interpretability. We further argue that the issue, thus, calls for a a combination of AI and social science methods utilizing the strengths of both. For this, we introduce a step-wise model of interpretability where the first step constitutes of knowing important features, the second step of understanding counterfactuals regarding a particular person's prediction, and the third step of uncovering causal relations relevant for a set of similar students. We show that LIME, a current XAI method, reaches the first but not subsequent steps. To reach step two, we propose an extension to LIME, Minimal Counterfactual-LIME, finding the smallest number of changes necessary to change a prediction. Reaching step three, however, is more involved and additionally requires theoretical and causal reasoning - to this end, we construct an easily applicable framework. Using artificial data, we showcase that our methods can recover connections among features; additionally, we demonstrate its applicability on real-life data. Limitations of our methods are discussed and collaborations with social scientists encouraged. [For the full proceedings, see ED623995.]
- Published
- 2022
81. Can Population-Based Engagement Improve Personalisation? A Novel Dataset and Experiments
- Author
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Bulathwela, Sahan, Verma, Meghana, Pérez-Ortiz, María, Yilmaz, Emine, and Shawe-Taylor, John
- Abstract
This work explores how population-based engagement prediction can address cold-start at scale in large learning resource collections. The paper introduces: (1) VLE, a novel dataset that consists of content and video based features extracted from publicly available scientific video lectures coupled with implicit and explicit signals related to learner engagement; (2) two standard tasks related to predicting and ranking context-agnostic engagement in video lectures with preliminary baselines; and (3) a set of experiments that validate the usefulness of the proposed dataset. Our experimental results indicate that the newly proposed VLE dataset leads to building context-agnostic engagement prediction models that are significantly performant than ones based on previous datasets, mainly attributing to the increase of training examples. VLE dataset's suitability in building models towards Computer Science/ Artificial Intelligence education focused on e-learning/MOOC use-cases is also evidenced. Further experiments in combining the built model with a personalising algorithm show promising improvements in addressing the cold-start problem encountered in educational recommenders. This is the largest and most diverse publicly available dataset to our knowledge that deals with learner engagement prediction tasks. The dataset, helper tools, descriptive statistics and example code snippets are available publicly. [For the full proceedings, see ED623995.]
- Published
- 2022
82. DerSql, Generating SQL from an Entity-Relation Diagram
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Andrea Domínguez-Lara and Wulfrano Arturo Luna-Ramírez
- Abstract
The automatic code generation is the process of generating source code snippets from a program, i.e., code for generating code. Its importance lies in facilitating software development, particularly important is helping in the implementation of software designs such as engineering diagrams, in such a case, automatic code generation copes with the problem of how to obtain code from a graphic representation, for instance an UML diagram or a Relational Diagram. Some advantages of automatic code generation are: a) to obtain the source code more quickly and to do it with lower margins of error; b) it is promising to be applied in teaching contexts, whilst provide instructors with a tool to teach, the expected results of assignments can be assessed by comparing the results of students and the automatic generated code. Furthermore, one of the most frequently tasks in classrooms when teaching relational databases is the design of Entity-Relationship Diagrams which eventually become SQL code. The manual transition from an Entity-Relationship Diagram to SQL code is a time-consuming process and requires of a skilled eye to be successfully performed. In this paper, we present "DerSql," an extension of the DIA Diagrammer, a well-known free software engineering tool, to automatically generate SQL code from an Entity-Relationship Diagrams. The results are tested for the case of 1 -- 1 and 1 -- n arities relationships. We consider that "DerSql" represents a remarkable tool for teaching while it is a promising advance in developing DIA as a 4th Generation software engineering application. [For the full proceedings, see ED638044.]
- Published
- 2022
83. Research on Personalized Recommendation Case Base and Data Source Based on Case-Based Reasoning
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Sun, Jieli, Zhu, Zhiqing, Zhang, Yanpiao, Zhao, Yanxia, Zhai, Yao, Hutchison, David, Series Editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series Editor, Kittler, Josef, Series Editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series Editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series Editor, Mitchell, John C., Series Editor, Naor, Moni, Series Editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series Editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series Editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series Editor, Tygar, Doug, Series Editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series Editor, Sun, Xingming, editor, Pan, Zhaoqing, editor, and Bertino, Elisa, editor
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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84. Skill up Tennessee: Job Training That Works
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Sneed, Christopher T., Upendram, Sreedhar, Cummings, Clint, and Fox, Janet E.
- Abstract
Employment and training services offered through Extension are part of and continue a long tradition of policy-focused employment and job training. This paper chronicles the successes of UT Extension's work as a third-party partner in the delivery of workforce development programming geared toward individuals receiving Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits. The paper begins with an overview of the federal program and a discussion of how Tennessee forged a state-level partnership for the delivery of workforce services. Data showing program success including number of participants served, supportive services offered, and economic impact are highlighted. Finally, lessons learned are outlined.
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- 2023
85. Privacy Harm and Non-Compliance from a Legal Perspective
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Suvineetha Herath, Haywood Gelman, and Lisa Mckee
- Abstract
In today's data-sharing paradigm, personal data has become a valuable resource that intensifies the risk of unauthorized access and data breach. Increased data mining techniques used to analyze big data have posed significant risks to data security and privacy. Consequently, data breaches are a significant threat to individual privacy. Privacy is a multifaceted concept covering many areas, including the right to access, erasure, and rectify personal data. This paper explores the legal aspects of privacy harm and how they transform into legal action. Privacy harm is the negative impact to an individual as a result of the unauthorized release, gathering, distillation, or expropriation of personal information. Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PETs) emerged as a solution to address data privacy issues and minimize the risk of privacy harm. It is essential to implement privacy enhancement mechanisms to protect Personally Identifiable Information (PII) from unlawful use or access. FIPPs (Fair Information Practice Principles), based on the 1973 Code of Fair Information Practice (CFIP), and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), are a collection of widely accepted, influential US codes that agencies use when evaluating information systems, processes, programs, and activities affecting individual privacy. Regulatory compliance places a responsibility on organizations to follow best practices to ensure the protection of individual data privacy rights. This paper will focus on FIPPs, relevance to US state privacy laws, their influence on OECD, and reference to the EU General Data Processing Regulation. (GDPR).
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- 2023
86. Classroom Equity Data Inquiry for Racial Equity
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Rebekah Sidman-Taveau
- Abstract
Longstanding inequities exist in community colleges across the United States. To address these inequities, California Community Colleges educators have engaged in a variety of practices including the writing of equity plans and participation in equity data inquiry. However, there is an urgent need for greater focus on racial equity and for more faculty involvement in equity work at the classroom level. This paper presents a teacher case study exploring Classroom Equity Data Inquiry (CEDI), a tool for faculty professional learning focused on equitable student outcomes. In CEDI, professors examine their disaggregated classroom data, reflect on their class equity gaps, and pursue relevant professional development. They implement targeted interventions and then assess those interventions. This paper describes the author's sustained CEDI utilizing six years of equity data in her English as a Second Language classes at a small northern California community college. First, it provides a definition and rationale for CEDI. Second, it details the author's CEDI process and challenges. Third, it shares the author's changes in thinking and practice including high impact interventions the author implemented to reduce equity gaps for men of color in her classes. Fourth, the article describes positive qualitative student data and increased success and retention rates for Hispanic and multi-race males following the interventions. The article concludes that CEDI requires training, support, and time, but that the approach merits further research. More research is needed on CEDI methods and their possible impact on racial equity in the classroom.
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- 2024
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87. Toward Redefining Library Research Support Services in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand: An Evidence-Based Practice Approach
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Alisa Howlett, Eleanor Colla, and Rebecca Joyce
- Abstract
An increasingly complex and demanding research landscape has seen university libraries rapidly evolve their services. While research data management, bibliometrics, and research impact services have predominantly featured in the literature to date, the full scope of support libraries are currently providing to their institutions is unknown. This paper aims to present an up-to-date view of the scope and extent of research support services by university libraries across Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand. A coding process analyzed content data from university library websites. Eleven research support areas were identified. Service delivery is split between synchronous and asynchronous modes. This paper describes a lived experience of an evidence-based library and information practice approach to improving research support services at two Australian university libraries, and while it highlights continued maturation of research support services, more research is needed to better understand influences on service development.
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- 2024
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88. Law Case Teaching Combining Big Data Environment with SPSS Statistics
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Zhao Wang
- Abstract
This paper proposes an online learning platform learner DM method based on the improved fuzzy C clustering (FCM) algorithm, constructs a learner feature database, and combines clustering analysis and SPSS statistical methods to statistically summarize the big data of law, thus improving the deficiencies of static and absolute classification of students in the student model. In the experiment paper, the improved algorithm is implemented and the experimental data is analyzed. The results show that the learner behavior feature extraction model in this paper has fewer errors and higher recall rate. Compared with the traditional CF algorithm, the error rate is reduced by 19.64% and the recall rate is increased by 22.85%. This study provides better targeted teaching programs and case resources for legal case teaching and promotes the innovation of legal case teaching mode.
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- 2024
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89. The Data Awareness Framework as Part of Data Literacies in K-12 Education
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Lukas Höper and Carsten Schulte
- Abstract
Purpose: In today's digital world, data-driven digital artefacts pose challenges for education, as many students lack an understanding of data and feel powerless when interacting with them. This paper aims to address these challenges and introduces the data awareness framework. It focuses on understanding data-driven technologies and reflecting on the role of data in everyday life. The paper also presents an empirical study on young school students' data awareness. Design/methodology/approach: The study involves a teaching unit on data awareness framed by a pre- and post-test design using a questionnaire on students' awareness and understanding of and reflection on data practices of data-driven digital artefacts. Findings: The study's findings indicate that the data awareness framework supports students in understanding data practices of data-driven digital artefacts. The findings also suggest that the framework encourages students to reflect on these data practices and think about their daily behaviour. Originality/value: Students learn a model about interactions with data-driven digital artefacts and use it to analyse data-driven applications. This approach appears to enable students to understand these artefacts from everyday life and reflect on these interactions. The work contributes to research on data and artificial intelligence literacies and suggests a way to support students in developing self-determination and agency during interactions with data-driven digital artefacts.
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- 2024
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90. Data Harvesting and Event Detection from Czech Twitter
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Rajtmajer, Václav, Král, Pavel, Hutchison, David, Series Editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series Editor, Kittler, Josef, Series Editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series Editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series Editor, Mitchell, John C., Series Editor, Naor, Moni, Series Editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series Editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series Editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series Editor, Tygar, Doug, Series Editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series Editor, van den Herik, Jaap, editor, Rocha, Ana Paula, editor, and Filipe, Joaquim, editor
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- 2018
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91. Semi-Supervised Learning Method for Adjusting Biased Item Difficulty Estimates Caused by Nonignorable Missingness under 2PL-IRT Model
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Xue, Kang, Huggins-Manley, Anne Corinne, and Leite, Walter
- Abstract
In data collected from virtual learning environments (VLEs), item response theory (IRT) models can be used to guide the ongoing measurement of student ability. However, such applications of IRT rely on unbiased item parameter estimates associated with test items in the VLE. Without formal piloting of the items, one can expect a large amount of nonignorable missing data in the VLE log le data, and this is expected to negatively impact IRT item parameter estimation accuracy, which then negatively impacts any future ability estimates utilized in the VLE. In the psychometric literature, methods for handling missing data are mostly centered around conditions in which the data and the amount of missing data are not as large as those that come from VLEs. In this paper, we introduce a semi-supervised learning method to deal with a large proportion of missingness contained in VLE data from which one needs to obtain unbiased item parameter estimates. The proposed framework showed its potential for obtaining unbiased item parameter estimates that can then be fixed in the VLE in order to obtain ongoing ability estimates for operational purposes. [This paper was published in: V. Cavalli-Sforza, A. N. Rafferty, C. Romero, & J. Whitehill (Eds.), "Proceedings of The 13th International Conference on Educational Data Mining (EDM 2020)," (pp. 715-719).]
- Published
- 2020
92. Choosing American Colleges from Afar: Chinese Students' Perspectives
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Yefei Xue, Siguo Li, and Liang Ding
- Abstract
Chinese students studying abroad have been increasing rapidly in the past decades and become a significant financial contribution to receiving countries. Accordingly, understanding their enrollment choice is essential to facilitate college marketing and admission strategies. Though the decision process is believed to be different from domestic students, empirical analysis of Chinese students' enrollment choices is still lacking. This paper fills the void by examining the influential factors of Chinese students' enrollment choice with novel student-level data. We find that in addition to factors domestic students typically consider, such as financial aid and academic quality, Chinese students particularly emphasize college ranking, reputation, and location in their decision process. Furthermore, unlike domestic students who usually prefer colleges with proximity to home, Chinese students' location preference is linked to job prosperity. We also find that the impact of the factors varies for students from different regions of China, which can be attributable to uneven economic development within the country.
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- 2024
93. Moving Success from the Shadows: Data Systems that Link Education and Workforce Outcomes. Policy Brief 2010-01PBL
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American Association of Community Colleges, Mullin, Christopher M., and Lebesch, Anna
- Abstract
The need for better data on the performance of higher education has become a major focus of education policymakers, and this has been reflected in federal legislation. Community colleges are appropriately held accountable for the workforce outcomes of their students, but the data that are gathered to evaluate those outcomes must reflect the post-college occupational experiences of their students: child-care providers, engineers, nurses, general contractors, and members of the armed forces. To better understand the current state of linkages between education and workforce outcomes, the authors examined the following: (1) The assumptions federal legislation makes about linkages between education and workforce outcomes and the data needed to document those outcomes; and (2) How well current data collection systems capture the workforce outcomes of educational pursuits. Initially the authors conducted this inquiry by analyzing source documents, including federal legislation, program descriptions, technical manuals, and other publications developed by or related to the programs under review. Then they verified the accuracy of interpretations of these texts through conversations with program administrators and others familiar with the nuances of the relevant federal policies. (Contains 1 table, 1 figure and 34 notes.)
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- 2010
94. Forget About Privacy … or Not?
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Patrignani, Norberto, Whitehouse, Diane, Gemo, Monica, Rannenberg, Kai, Editor-in-Chief, Sakarovitch, Jacques, Series Editor, Goedicke, Michael, Series Editor, Tatnall, Arthur, Series Editor, Neuhold, Erich J., Series Editor, Pras, Aiko, Series Editor, Tröltzsch, Fredi, Series Editor, Pries-Heje, Jan, Series Editor, Whitehouse, Diane, Series Editor, Reis, Ricardo, Series Editor, Furnell, Steven, Series Editor, Furbach, Ulrich, Series Editor, Winckler, Marco, Series Editor, Rauterberg, Matthias, Series Editor, Hansen, Marit, editor, Kosta, Eleni, editor, Nai-Fovino, Igor, editor, and Fischer-Hübner, Simone, editor
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- 2018
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95. The Metamodel of Heritage Preservation for Medical Big Data
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Chaczko, Zenon, Gordon, Lucia Carrion, Bożejko, Wojciech, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Moreno-Díaz, Roberto, editor, Pichler, Franz, editor, and Quesada-Arencibia, Alexis, editor
- Published
- 2018
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96. Intercriteria Analysis over Intuitionistic Fuzzy Data
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Bureva, Veselina, Sotirova, Evdokia, Atanassova, Vassia, Angelova, Nora, Atanassov, Krassimir, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Lirkov, Ivan, editor, and Margenov, Svetozar, editor
- Published
- 2018
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97. The measure of a quality research paper
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Wanjari, Priya D. and Rohankar, Akshara
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- 2022
98. Data Papers as a New Form of Knowledge Organization in the Field of Research Data.
- Author
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Schöpfel, Joachim, Farace, Dominic, Prost, Hélène, and Zane, Antonella
- Subjects
KNOWLEDGE management ,BUSINESS models ,METADATA ,SCHOLARLY publishing ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
Data papers have been defined as scholarly journal publications whose primary purpose is to describe research data. Our survey provides more insights about the environment of data papers, i.e., disciplines, publishers and business models, and about their structure, length, formats, metadata, and licensing. Data papers are a product of the emerging ecosystem of data-driven open science. They contribute to the FAIR principles for research data management. However, the boundaries with other categories of academic publishing are partly blurred. Data papers are (can be) generated automatically and are potentially machine-readable. Data papers are essentially information, i.e., description of data, but also partly contribute to the generation of knowledge and data on its own. Part of the new ecosystem of open and data-driven science, data papers and data journals are an interesting and relevant object for the assessment and understanding of the transition of the former system of academic publishing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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99. Getting beneath the Veil of Effective Schools: Evidence from New York City. NBER Working Paper No. 17632
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National Bureau of Economic Research, Dobbie, Will, and Fryer, Roland G.
- Abstract
Charter schools were developed, in part, to serve as an R&D engine for traditional public schools, resulting in a wide variety of school strategies and outcomes. In this paper, we collect unparalleled data on the inner-workings of 35 charter schools and correlate these data with credible estimates of each school's effectiveness. We find that traditionally collected input measures--class size, per pupil expenditure, the fraction of teachers with no certification, and the fraction of teachers with an advanced degree--are not correlated with school effectiveness. In stark contrast, we show that an index of five policies suggested by over forty years of qualitative research--frequent teacher feedback, the use of data to guide instruction, high-dosage tutoring, increased instructional time, and high expectations--explains approximately 50 percent of the variation in school effectiveness. Our results are robust to controls for three alternative theories of schooling: a model emphasizing the provision of wrap-around services, a model focused on teacher selection and retention, and the "No Excuses'' model of education. We conclude by showing that our index provides similar results in a separate sample of charter schools.
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- 2011
100. Going to a Better School: Effects and Behavioral Responses. NBER Working Paper No. 16886
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National Bureau of Economic Research, Pop-Eleches, Cristian, and Urquiola, Miguel
- Abstract
This paper: i) estimates the effect that going to a better school has on students' academic achievement, and ii) explores whether this intervention induces behavioral responses on the part of children, their parents, and the school system. For the first task, we exploit almost 2,000 regression discontinuity quasi-experiments observed in the context of Romania's high school educational system. For the second, we use data from a specialized survey of children, parents, teachers and principals that we implemented in 59 Romanian towns. The first finding is that students do benefit from access to higher achieving schools and tracks within schools. A second set of results suggests that the stratification of schools by quality in general, and the opportunity to attend a better school in particular, result in significant behavioral responses on the part of teachers, parents, and students. Although we do not expect the magnitude or even the direction of these responses to hold everywhere, their existence has a number of implications for evaluation, particularly since some of them change over time, and some would seem to be relevant only once interventions reach a certain scale.
- Published
- 2011
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