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The subject of this research focuses on the effects of Shock Advertising on purchasing behavior. This research work adopted a quantitative research method and data was gotten through the administration of questionnaires administered to users of social media platforms using Google Forms. This paper establishes that Shock Advertising plays a very critical role in consumer buying behavior causing shifts in their product perceptions, brand attitudes and purchase intent. When asked, the nature of social media that impacted consumers the most, participants tagged Instagram and Facebook. The study also reveals the extent to which social media is used by the consumer in the quest for information about products and brands they use and recommended by those in the consumers' social circles. The work suggests that the companies use social media advertising to reach the consumers and persuade them to purchase the products. Thus, this study contributes to the knowledge of how consumers interact with social media and gives useful recommendations to enhance the practice of marketing on social media platforms to marketers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Opinion leaders have emerged as individuals with social influence who serve as the core of an interpersonal communication network. The social trends have made opinion leaders significantly influence buying behavior, especially among millennials. A deeper understanding of the characteristics of opinion leadership is still needed and based on the two-step flow theory, we developed a research framework to study opinion leaders’ influence (trust, credibility, and originality) on consumer buying behavior. A simple random sampling method was used, and the sample comprised 398 millennials in Klang Valley, Malaysia. Data were collected via a self-administered questionnaire. Regarding the relationships involving the opinion leaders’ elements, Pearson correlation analysis found that the trust (r=0.545; p=0.00), credibility (r=0.518; p=0.00), and originality (r=0.398; p=0.00) of opinion leaders are significantly related to consumer buying behavior. Multiple regression analysis was then applied to examine the most influential opinion leader factors on millennials’ buying behavior. The result showed that this model contributed a total of 30.7% and that trust (β = 0.368, p = 0.000) is the most influencing factor on millennials buying behavior. Marketers will have an updated perspective on the influence of opinion leaders on consumer buying behavior knowing the profiles of opinion leaders is extremely beneficial for consumers to make wise purchase decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high demand for food access with applications creates competition between food delivery companies. The purpose of this research is to identify and to analyze promotion differences, price value, social influence, perceived usefulness, ease of use, customer experience, restaurant search, choice of food variants, consumer buying behavior, and continuous purchase intention. The research was conducted on consumers who used Gofood, Grabfood, and Shopeefood applications at least once in the last three months, with 400 respondents aged over 15 years. Data collection was carried out using an online questionnaire. Analysis was carried out by descriptive analysis, ANOVA and SWOT tests. The results showed that there were differences in the variables of social influence, perceived usefulness, ease of use, restaurant search, food choice variants, consumer buying behavior, and intention to continue with Gofood, Grabfood, and Shopeefood applications. Shopeefood earns a lower average than Grabfood and Gofood. Strategies can be carried out by taking advantage of busy consumers to create dependence on OFD applications by meeting consumer expectations by providing promos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the impact of innovation on consumer buying behavior dimensions, particularly consumer knowledge and decision-making, within the context of Happy Meal McDonald's in Jakarta, Indonesia. The research aims to elucidate how these elements influence consumer motivation and perceptions towards packaged food products. Utilizing a questionnaire-based approach, data was collected from 100 respondents at McDonald's retail stores in Jakarta, employing purposive sampling. The study employed PLS-SEM (Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling) to analyze the direct and indirect relationships between independent variables and dependent variables. Results revealed that innovation significantly contributes to both motivation and perception, indicating its crucial role in influencing consumer behavior. Furthermore, the findings suggest avenues for future research, such as exploring collaborative strategies to enhance the appeal of packaged food products and understanding the broader implications of innovation in consumer purchasing decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neuromarketing, a rapidly expanding field, utilizes brain-based techniques to understand and shape consumer behavior. Recently, there has been a surge in the popularity of neuromarketing techniques, supported by research indicating their substantial impact on consumer behavior. Notably, color psychology has emerged as a prominent area within neuromarketing. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between color psychology and its impact on consumer behavior among business students of a university in Cebu City. A quantitative correlational approach was employed, and data were collected from business students responding to Likert survey questionnaires distributed electronically. To achieve the study objectives, descriptive analysis and Pearson's Correlation Coefficient were used to ensure a comprehensive evaluation of the data. The findings revealed a high level of awareness among the respondents, with "Pink" and "White" colors demonstrating strong associations. In contrast, "Purple" and "Brown" colors exhibited lower influence. Further analysis demonstrated significant relationships between the perceived level of color psychology in advertising, awareness level, and consumer buying behavior. The study established a strong positive correlation between color preferences, awareness levels, brand recall, and consumer behavior among business students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consumer behavior is crucial for understanding and managing the financial aspects of a company. It involves how consumers make decisions and use products and services. Understanding consumer behavior helps companies understand customer reactions to product features, prices, and marketing strategies. This study assessed consumer buying behavior and its relationship to financial management, revealing that online shopping has a positive effect on a company's financial management. However, consumers still prefer in-store purchases due to a lack of assurance and resources. Therefore, understanding consumer behavior is essential for effective financial management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyze the effect of product pricing and product packaging on consumer buying behavior through customer satisfaction. This research was carried out by distributing questionnaires via Google Form to 125 respondents who are Mixue consumers in the Jakarta metropolitan area, at least 17 years old, have made at least 2 product purchases in the last six months, and know Mixue products and prices. This study used a quantitative approach by collecting data through surveys and purposive sampling. The data obtained was processed via SEM with SmartPls software. This research finds that product pricing significantly affects consumer buying behavior (p-value 0.0). Product packaging also directly and significantly influences consumer buying behavior (p-value 0.0). The place also directly and significantly influences consumer buying behavior (p-value 0.033). Customer satisfaction also directly and significantly influences consumer buying behavior (p-value 0.0). Product pricing positively and significantly influences consumer buying behavior through customer satisfaction. Product packaging positively and significantly influences consumer buying behavior through customer satisfaction (p-value 0.030). The place also positively and significantly influences consumer buying behavior through customer satisfaction (p-value 0.040). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Misinformation or fake news has had multifaceted ramifications with the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic, creating widespread panic amongst people. This study investigates the impact of misinformation/ fake news (on internet platforms) on consumer buying behavior, impact of fear (created by fake news) on hoarding of essential products and consumer spending and finally impact of misinformation-induced panic buying on supply chain disruptions. It draws upon the consumer decision theory and the cognitive load theory for explaining the psychological and behavioral responses of consumers. The study follows an inductive approach towards theory building using a multi-method approach. Initially, a qualitative research method based on interviews followed by text-mining has been used followed by analysis using python for topic modelling using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA). The findings revealed several prominent themes like consumer shift to online buying, two contrasting spending intentions namely financial security and compensatory consumptions, irrational panic buying, uncertainty/ambiguity of government protocol and norms, social media fraudulent practices and misinformation dissemination, personalized buying experience, reduced trust on news and marketers, logistics and transportation bottlenecks, labor shortage due to migration and plant closures, and bullwhip effect in supply chains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Globalization have allowed many Companies to increase their growth rapidly they have targeted every person from every unique demographics, this has caused an increase in sales but it also has its downside because in order to fulfill each customer's requirement and in order to give them a solution that can work instantly they might have gone over the line by using dangerous amount of chemicals. This is mainly the reason why most of the consumers are switching toward the use of organic products. Purpose: This research tends to investigate the underlying factors which could enhance the Purchase Intention towards organic products. How factors like attitude, price, product availability and social norm along with awareness influences the purchase intention of consumer. Method: Initial data for this investigation were obtained from the target groups. Questionnaires are used as primary data, while secondary data is used as literature, articles, books, websites and case studies to help complete the theoretical framework and study. Five hypotheses have been created and will be validated based on an approved questionnaire. In this study, quantitative secondary data is collected based on a questionnaire distributed to selected respondents. Analysis: For analysis purpose SPSS 20 is used and mediation analysis is being conducted to check hypotheses'. Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between attitude, price sensitivity, social norms with purchase intention of customers. Whereas the attitude would also impact on purchase intention when customer's awareness mediate the relationship. There is insignificant impact of product availability on developing purchase intentions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The widespread use of the Internet has changed consumer buying behavior, especially among tourists, considering the intangibility of the tourist product. Although globally the modern tourist is a consumer of the new online market, there is a lack of studies addressing the level of development of the hotel business in relation to online bookings by residents of tourist destinations. Furthermore, this article analyzes the factors that impact the use of e-commerce by these residents in the acquisition of tourist accommodation services. A conceptual model was adopted, using the constructs "social influence" and "price" of the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology 2 (UTAUT2), also including "trust" and "perceived risk". An electronic questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of 195 residents of Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, Fisher's exact test, and multiple linear regression. The results show that price and social influence are the most significant constructs associated with booking a hotel online, while trust does not influence the use of the Internet. As practical implications, the findings of this study provide important information for hotel managers, as they allow a better understanding of the profile of respondents who book online, as well as which factors influence online behaviors, contributing to increasing the knowledge of digital platforms in the consumer market and, consequently, the development of the hospitality sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Humanities Journal of University of Zakho (HJUOZ) is the property of Humanities Journal of University of Zakho and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study was focused on assessing the consumers' impulse buying behaviors as to the relationship to visual merchandising. According to Foroughi et al. (2013), one of the many tactics that companies do practice includes encouraging customers to buy impulsively. Because of this theory and visual merchandising, the researcher was able to determine consumers' impulsive buying behavior concerning visual merchandising. In this study, 384 mall shoppers were selected as the population sample from the three selected Malls in Pampanga. The collected data were analyzed through frequency, mean, Likert scale, Pearson correlation, and Chi-square to test respondents' profile with their impulse buying behavior, respondents' profile and their assessment of visual merchandising, and respondents' impulse buying behavior and their assessment of visual merchandising. Consumer impulse buying behavior has a significant relationship with the window display. According to Bhatti and Latif (2013), said that when the consumers visualize the products which were displayed attracts the customers and arouses their urge to do impulse buying. Visual merchandising including window display, in-store display, floor merchandising, and promotional signage make a significant effect on stimulating the consumers' impulse buying behavior. For future researchers, further studies may be used, like for instance introducing other variable/s in assessing consumers' buying impulsiveness not only limited to visual merchandising per se but also identifying a specific product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The motivation behind this study is to investigate the effect of superstar underwriting on purchaser's purchasing expectations. This study focused on finding the contemplations of Cuddalore consumer about superstar underwriting by investigating the various qualities of the big-name support regarding customer's purchasing goals. In this study we on the reviewed previous writing present on the subject of superstar underwriting. That gives clear view of various significant possibilities with respect to this subject. To find the effect of various properties of celebrity on buyer purchasing conduct quantitative methodology is applied. The information has been gathered from 150 respondents with the assistance of organized survey. It was found that a few parts of celebrity support like orientation, engaging quality, validity, endorser type and different celebrity underwriting ended up being successful concerning purchasing expectations while numerous item underwriting has negative relationship with purchaser purchasing conduct. In the end the review demonstrates that the general effect of celebrity underwriting on shopper's purchasing expectations is positive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consumer buying behavior is an important aspect in every marketing strategy to produce maximum output from the market. This study aims to determine how advertisement affects consumer buying behavior and brand loyalty by considering a mediator between brand awareness and the moderating role of perceived quality. For this purpose, this study targets the rising cosmetics industry. This study used the purposive sampling technique to collect data from 300 respondents with the help of an online survey method via Google doc. The partial least squares structural equation modeling PLS-SEM was applied to verify the hypotheses relationships. The findings have confirmed that advertisements substantially predicted brand awareness, brand loyalty, and consumer buying behavior. Furthermore, brand awareness partially mediated the association of advertisement with brand loyalty and consumer buying behavior. Also, perceived quality is significantly moderated on the association of brand awareness with brand loyalty and consumer buying behavior. Based on such findings, this study has contributed to the literature and provided new insights into the practical implications alongside the future roadmap of the survey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the impact of advertising on consumer buying behavior in Hyderabad in Telangana State. Most organizations in Telangana pay unexcited attitude in advertising their products and services through effective advertising medium and this have adverse effect on their output in terms of sales. They do not see the need of spending part of their budget in advertisement to promote their products and services and influence consumer buying behavior. With great increase in technological advancement, effective advertising has become extremely important to be able to have competitive advantage, hence the need for this study. This study adopted a survey research design. It involves collection of data from respondents through questionnaire to test hypotheses. Multiple regression technique was used to test hypotheses. The research findings show that a significant and positive relationship lie between the independent variables emotional response, environmental response towards brand, brand awareness and sensory stimulated advertising and dependent variable consumer buying behavior. All the independent variables have statistically significant t-ratio and have positive relationship with consumer buying behavior. This result is consistent with the literature. We recommend that for effective advertising to take place, the target audience must be extensively reached to know their consumption pattern and behavior toward products and services. And that effort should be directed more on emotional related advertising, since consumers patronage are highly induced through their emotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The overriding goal of the presented considerations is to discuss beacons as consumer-brand touchpoints. In addition, the possibilities of using these sensors at various stages of the customer journey to implement the assumptions of the 5A model and build a lasting relationship with the buyer were indicated. Design/methodology/approach: In order to build a lasting relationship with the consumer, it is necessary to conduct multidimensional marketing communication based on numerous touchpoints. This interaction is assisted by mobile devices and many different technological solutions. One of them may be beacons, supporting consumer service at every stage of the customer journey. As part of the considerations, it was examined how the sensors can support marketing activities at individual stages of the customer journey. Findings: As part of the research, it was determined what role beacons can play at every stage of the customer journey, as well as their connections with promotion-mix elements. An attempt has been also made to indicate how these devices can create a holistic experience leading to buyer satisfaction and ultimately their loyalty. Research limitations/implications: The article contains a preliminary study. In the future it is planned to conduct additional quantitative and qualitative research. The study will help to perform a comprehensive analysis of the application being discussed. Practical implications: The article can help businesses to better realize the potential of beacons as a tool to support consumers during the shopping experience. It shows practical ways of using devices as part of individual promotional mix elements, which allows for their optimal use at all stages of the customer journey. Originality/value: Although the topic of beacons in commerce appears in academic publications, only a few of them relate these devices to the customer journey. This paper comprehensively deals with this topic and focuses on the relationship between sensors, the 5A model and the promotion mix tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between product pricing and product packaging plays an important role in the buying behavior of consumers, whereas customer satisfaction plays a mediating role. To test these hypotheses, research was conducted on university students in China. Questionnaire-based convenience sampling was conducted on 500 students for data collection using online and offline sources. A total of 367 (73%) students responded, and 17 questionnaires were rejected due to missing information. SPSS and AMOS software were used for the data analysis. Product pricing and product information were independent variables in this study, whereas consumer buying behavior was a dependent variable. Customer satisfaction is mediated by one dependent and two independent variables. Confirmatory factor analysis, path analysis, and discriminant validity in structural equation modeling revealed that product pricing and packaging had a statistically significant relationship with the buyer decision process. The introduction of satisfaction as a mediating variable led to the observation of full mediation in the case of product pricing and partial mediation in product packaging. Given the results of this research, product managers should adopt pricing tactics along with product packaging to influence the buying intentions of consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social networks, which have radically changed our communication style with the developments in communication technologies, are used by businesses as an advertising tool to differentiate from their competitors and directly reach the target audience. In addition, social media advertisements are important in terms of increasing awareness of businesses and gaining return from the target audience. On the other hand, knowing consumer purchasing behavior is a prerequisite for advertiser businesses to be successful in social media. Twenty-six research questions were created in the study, and then, by testing the hypotheses, regression analysis was applied to test the hypotheses, and the data were interpreted. The results obtained result in the fact that university students in the sample find social media advertisements useful, useful and reliable, have positive attitudes and intentions towards purchasing, and positive attitudes and intentions cause them to perform purchasing behaviors. In addition to provide accurate and descriptive information in advertisements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to ascertain the effects of environmental knowledge and green consumption as mediators on the relationship between green marketing and green buying behavior. This study utilized the definition that needs to customers that are based on environmental concerns and influence the buying behavior for green products. This not only focuses on the ecological concern in organizational operations but also focuses on the customers' knowledge about the environment and how it influences their decisions. Three dimensions have been identified in this research to describe green marketing. These are ecolabeling, green branding and green advertising. Design/methodology/approach: A survey research method has been utilized to collect data on a questionnaire adapted from previous research. The data collected have been analyzed with SmartPLS to assess the measurement model for reliability and validity and structural model for hypothesis testing and confirmation. Findings: Focusing on the level of environmental knowledge of customers, it comes to surface that customers in developing countries have lesser knowledge in comparison to the customers in developed countries. This causes concern for the marketing departments in organizations since different customer niches demand different marketing solutions to influence their buying decision. Environmental knowledge does not mediate the relationship between green marketing and green buying behavior whereas green consumption mediates the relationship between green marketing and green buying behavior. Originality/value: This study incorporates the social practice theory in green marketing research on the organizational level. This study brings together marketing practices under the influence of environmental knowledge for buying behavior formation in a novel manner. The influencing of customer decisions through green marketing strategies determines the success of the marketing initiative. Also, the theoretical foundations on social practice theory and the empirical design of the study to observe the relationships with the survey are new steps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The consumers make a purchase of several types of goods as well as services which have the capacity of fulfilling their expectations. The consumers form the biggest economic group in any country. Nearly all the economic activities are carried on keeping the consumers in mind. Hence, it is rightly said that all types of business activities should be carried out with the main aim of satisfying the consumers. All the aforesaid facts apply to all types of business including the automobiles sector. The current study has been carried out with the aim of exploring the influence or the effect of the awareness of the consumers on their buying behavior regarding the purchase of automobiles. The study has been done among the consumers who purchase automobiles in Chennai. The respondents for the study are selected through S and the sample size of the study is 100. The data needed for the study has been collected through a questionnaire and the analytical part of the study is done with the help of regression. The findings of the analysis show that. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Retailing in India is growing at a very fast rate. Organized retail sector has been able to attract Indian consumers and has drawn them into retail stores in huge numbers. Retailers are offering newer and newer services to provide unique shopping experiences to the consumers. However, whether consumers are able to perceive newer service dimensions in a positive way or not, has still remained unanswered. Retail Store layout is an important factor affecting consumer behavior and a critical factor that creates store image. A well designed store layout has a great influence on in-store movement patterns, shopping experience, buying behavior and operational efficiency of store. When a consumer feels dissatisfied concerning these elements he/she may move on to another store that offers these elements better. This article attempts to find the relationship between retail store layout and consumer's buying behavior through in-depth investigation of literature available. The article also tries to identify research gap for the said investigation, so that concrete inference can be drawn for future studies in this context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, advertisements seem to be one of the advertiser's primary influencers to reach their business sectors' objective. Ads additionally make a whole perspective of the pictures they see in the surrounding to convince the women. Promoting is a type of business correspondence used to support, convince, or control a group of people to make some move to purchase the ideal item on the lookout. The study's main aim is to analyze the impact of social media sites on the consumer buying behaviour of women for cosmetic goods in the NCR region. The research design is used to study the correlation between the cosmetic advertisement and consumer buying behaviour of women as a variable. The data is collected from a primary and secondary source which is used in the study. The study infers the vast majority of the respondents concurred that cosmetic ads impact women consumer buying behaviour and meet the targets set for the study [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Academic Social Science Studies is the property of Journal of Academic Social Science Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: This paper aims to investigate the impacts of social media on the Pakistani consumers' buying behavior, which could be reflected in either complex buying, variety seeking, dissonance reducing or habitual buying. Entrepreneurs need to know how their loyal and prospective customers feel, think and how do they decide on purchasing certain products and services. Design/methodology/approach: The self-administered online questionnaire is used to collect feedback from consumers in order to analyze the data and come up with the findings. A sample size of 396 respondents was used to analyze and find a relationship between social media and consumer buying behavior. Findings: Social media is found to have a partially significant impact on Pakistani consumers' buying behavior; word of mouth and content credibility are the two factors that influence Pakistani consumers' buying behavior. Pakistani consumers, below the age of 40, possess more complex buying behavior, which alerts entrepreneurs to consider it for their future marketing strategies. Practical implications: Entrepreneurs should make an effort to be differentiated from others while keeping customers aware of the products they provide. In addition, customers should not spend too much time when comparing brands; rather, businesses should make it more captive. Originality/value: This paper provides different results in comparison to the previous studies, in terms of the factors influencing consumers' buying behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Celiac disease, which requires a diet based on gluten-free bakery products, obliges consumers with the disease to consume gluten-free products (gluten-free bakery products) in their whole lives. This requirement more or less affects the food consumption behavior of families. In this context, our aim is to examine the food consumption behavior of families with individuals with chronic celiac disease. The universe of the study is the individual diagnosed with celiac disease in Turkey. Data were collected by judicial sampling, one of the non-random sampling methods. An online questionnaire was applied to families with patients diagnosed with celiac disease, and data were obtained from 694 people via the questionnaire. As a result of the analyzes, we conclude that there was a change in behavior in the majority of families within the scope of the food types purchased after celiac disease, but there was no change in consumption behavior within the scope of the food consumed. Besides, gluten-free foods have been found to be limited in availability, higher in prices than others, easier to find online, and negatively affect families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fierce competition and globalization has transformed the playing field of the businesses. Abundant choices of the products have overall increased the expectation of the customers while decreasing their loyalty. The organizations are looking for unique ways to get hold of the customers’ patronage. CSR has emerged out to be a leading research theme in majority of the consumer behavior literature. By the same token service quality is believed to influence consumer behavior. Following the trail, the main research focus in the field of marketing is to have a better understanding of the dynamic nexus between service quality and buying behavior. This study strives to explore the relationship among corporate social responsibility (CSR), service quality (SQ), corporate image, and consumer buying behavior in the context of the fast food industry, the second largest industry of the country having 180 million consumers. A cross sectional quantitative examination was conducted. A sample size of 1530 respondents from restaurant industry operating in Pakistan was considered for the study. The result of the study shows that both CSR and service quality can enhance consumer buying behavior but the positively perceived CSR is a stronger predictor of consumer buying behavior than service quality. Corporate image is partially mediating the relationship between CSR/SQ and consumer buying behavior. Therefore, CSR is more important and promising marketing strategy towards improving the consumers’ positive assessment about the organization, building positive corporate image, influencing consumer buying, contributing towards unique competitive characteristics and eventually gathering the customers’ patronage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to empirically apply the concept of Carroll's CSR pyramid, on the buying decisions and behaviors of consumers, particularly when selecting a detergent/washing powder in Pakistan. Here, the packaging origin of the detergents' brand has been used as the moderating variable. In addition to this, the stakeholder theory has been applied where consumers are primarily expected to be well informed of their buying choices. The study essentially comprises of a household, dropoff cross-sectional survey that has been taken by men or women who do groceries. In this regard, four elite areas of Lahore, Pakistan (DHA, Cantonment, Gulberg, and Model Town) were selected, with the assumption that the residents of these areas might be interested in a CSR initiative, taken by their preferred detergent brands. Also, the participants were selected through the convenience sampling technique, and were given 24 hours to fill the survey, at a time of their convenience. Then, the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique was run on the 280 usable questionnaires that had been acquired. The results depicted that the buyers of detergent brands in Pakistan are mostly attracted towards the three levels of the CSR pyramid; the economic level, the ethical level, and the philanthropic level. Moreover, findings also revealed that the packaging origin of the respective detergent brands significantly moderate the relationship between all levels of the CSR pyramid, as well as the consumer buying behavior of detergent brands, except on the legal and economic levels. This research provides insights into the other, locally packaged detergent (and household) brands, which are currently indulging, and are also interested in carrying out CSR activities. These insights may help organizations to reflect upon how, by using different levels of CSR initiatives efficiently, detergent brands can achieve more sales, with their buyers selecting their particular brand over other competing global brands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exceptional growth of ecommerce especially in the field of online selling and purchasing is witnessed across the globe, but it is still found that people have lack of trust in Pakistan for online purchasing. The purpose of this study is to investigate the main factors that could impact consumer buying behavior for online shopping of clothing/apparel brands. This research is based on secondary data that are collected from previous researches and articles, as well as primary data in the form of questionnaire filled by a combination of random and snowball sampling technique, and 182 responses are collected from online shoppers. The dependent variable is online buying behavior of consumers while independent variables are (1) demographic factors (2) pricing and promotion strategies (3) Website design and features (4) Relationship between customers and retailers. The finding of this research emphasis more towards creating better relationship with customer so it is suggested to put some more efforts in creating brand awareness. There are some other motivational areas that needed to uncover for effective online shopping therefore continuous research and development should continue to make online shopping experience more convenient and effective for online shoppers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Constructed upon female consumers' buying behaviour, this research study investigates the interrelationship of flow experience, hedonic values, utilitarian value, purchase intention and consumer buying behaviour. This study examines the role of purchase intentions as mediation and elaborated the study with the theoretical background of flow theory and consumer value theory. This study was conducted in the beauty & grooming industry, sampling 705 working women consumers of Pakistan and data was analyzed through SEM using Smart PLS. The findings supplement the creation of positive aspect in buying behaviour rather than letting consumer cashed by their psychological state and companies' tactics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Brands these days have become a symbol of status. World over customers prefer branded products. But there is a question "WHY". Is it the quality that lures customers towards brand or there is some other factor? Purpose of this study is to analyze impact of branding on consumer buying behavior. For the study, apparel brands are chosen and geographical area of study is Ranchi. Design/Methodology/Approach: The research is descriptive in nature where primary data has been collected through questionnaire and secondary data has been collected from websites, journals and books. Findings: It is derived from the study that branding creates awareness and increase the preference towards a particular brand during the buying decision. Research implications: Results of this study may help in creating long lasting impact in customers' minds towards a particular brand and may influence their buying behavior and hence may be very useful for marketers for marketing and selling their brands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study examines the impact of viral, street, stealth, ambient, and ambush marketing on consumer buying behavior towards the clothing industry in Karachi, Pakistan. The study has used structural equation modeling for data analysis while purposive sampling technique has been used and collected 247 sample size based on the estimation of Soper (2018). The results have shown that street marketing, stealth marketing and ambush marketing, as components of Guerilla marketing, have considerable effect on consumers' buying behavior towards clothing products in Karachi, Pakistan. However, viral marketing and ambient marketing were found to have none relationship with consumers' buying behavior towards clothing products. In this regards, the study concluded that people in Karachi city of Pakistan don't pay much attention towards the authenticity of information they are receiving, they show interest in fake news, blogs, social networking sites etc. which can be used as the powerful tools of stealth marketing. While people responds more on unconventional ways, like placing ads where people read, physically interacting with people, distributing samples and wrap advertising. Henceforth, on the basis of results and findings, the study also provides some managerial and practical implications as well as future research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the study is to investigate the impact of promotional and the word-of-mouth variables on consumer buying behaviour in the fast-emerging economy of the Sultanate of Oman with a population of 4.6 million including about 2.0 million expatriates. From our study it emerges that, all the promotion-mix variables have a significant impact over the consumer buying and decision making behaviour, but surprisingly there are no takers for the word of mouth variables. The advertising, internet, direct marketing and others have more impact, and sales promotions and external variables have less impact. The study helps firms and public authorities to seek excellent strategies in deciding the best product promotions and also to achieve the Omani government goal of 81 per cent of non-oil GDP by 2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to identify the relationship between product mix elements and consumer's buying behavior in Amman City – Jordan .To identify the relationship between product mix elements and consumer's buying behavior, specific independent variables such as product package , brand name , product information and product quality has been considered .The researchers designed a questionnaire based on previous studies and the questionnaire was given out to 500 respondents out of which 460 were returned, only 430 were valid for the analytical descriptive study. SPSS was used to analyze the data. The main result of this study indicates that the product's quality, information, brand name and package has a significant positive relationship on consumers' buying behavior, were product information and product quality had the most contribution which effect consumers' buying behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The social media has become an integral part of our lives with the introduction of 3G, 4G technology in Pakistan it has become possible for people to stay connected from anywhere any time. The purpose of this study was to find out that if any relationship between social media marketing and consumer buying behavior exist if their existence affected each other in any significant way. For this purpose an online survey was conducted and 100 people responded who were active users of social media in Peshawar, a structured questionnaire was designed to collect information from the respondents. Distribution of the questionnaire was done by emailing its link and posting it on different social media sites. The research findings and results confirmed that there is a positive relationship between social media marketing and consumer buying behavior, as well as that social media can be used as an effective marketing tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Being part of the tourism industries involves many researches and analyses in different periods of time, regarding different segments of consumers. Therefore, it is important to be aware of all the factors and motivators that influence a tourist to purchase a particular tourism services. These complex variables are crucial for the final purchase decision of an offer with emotional value for customers. This paper presents the principals motivators which intervene in the decision making process that should be acknowledged by marketers in order to provide the ideal tourism package.

This study aims to finding out whether celebrity attributes influence the buying decision of consumers with special reference to two wheeler. The study is conducted in Rewari District. The Sample size is 200 respondents. The attributes of celebrity, which are selected for the study, are expertise, trustworthiness, similarity, likeability and product match with celebrity. The study found that there is positive impact of celebrity's attributes on the buying decision of consumers about two wheeler. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CSR has now spread to almost each activity of the people living in the different part of India. CSR activities are almost part of every industry of the business to attract the customers towards their products. It is well known that all these activities generate competitive advantages for the companies incorporating CSR activities. This paper finds the buying behavior of the customers towards FMCG companies' products with special reference to programs of CSR. For this study, the data are collected through questionnaire from Lucknow region (Uttar Pradesh, India). The result is bases on the analysis of factors taking into considerations like awareness of CSR program, attitude of consumers towards CSR programs and preference of different products of FMCG based on CSR program etc. The outcome of this paper concludes that there is noteworthy impact on the consumers buying behavior by the CSR programs of FMCG industry. It also provides basis for the growth and sustainability to the FMCG industry enabling them to cater more CSR programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores whether news coverage of international transactions has any effect on public investment intentions by targeting pro-trade versus anti-trade characters as well as loss vs. gain frames (negativity bias). The study adopts a 2 x 2 survey-based experiment to investigate the framing effects of business news on investment intentions, as well as the influence of preexisting schemas. The findings suggest that individual American's investment decision is quite rational and competent. Even thought people subject their investment intentions to both the mediated communication references and their predispositions about free trade and international trade, they do not give these factors the same weight, but adjust them in terms of different situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advertising is one of components of promotional mix which is used to create awareness about products and services for purchasing decisions. Consumer buying behavior is affected by several factors. Of these factors, two are more commonly known as formal and informal sources. Advertising is a communication method to convince audiences to make purchasing decisions about a product or service and it provides some information to viewers. This article investigates the relationship between two important variables of environmental response and emotional response as independent variables and purchasing behavior of consumer as dependent variable. The method of conducting this research is survey method and the relationship between variables is tested by data obtained from 385 distributed questionnaires among students of West Tehran Azad University that 254 of them were completed and by SPSS software. In addition to the library information, another tool in this research is a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 25 questions designed in the form of a five-spectrum Likert scale. The findings show a moderate relationship between independent variables and dependent variable. The results indicates that advertising has a positive and significant effect on consumer buying behavior but there is NO strong relationship and high correlation between environmental and emotional response and consumer buying behavior. This study provides new results about consumer buying behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to investigate the factors which affect the buying behaviour of the consumers and their attitudes towards counterfeit products. The study is also set out to examine the relationship of consumers' buying behavior towards counterfeit product with purchase intention. The authors used primary data which was collected through questionnaire consisting of 12 questions. A survey of 100 respondents was conducted in the educational institutes and offices of Karachi. Regression model was used to test the hypothesis postulated and research questions. It was discovered that there is no impact of counterfeit products on consumer buying behaviour. By having a better understanding of the consumers' behavioral intentions of buying counterfeit products, the manufacturers and marketers of the genuine brand products can make better marketing strategies to attract the consumer to buy the original product and not the counterfeit version. Theoretical contribution of this study is an extension of knowledge of consumers' buying behaviour with regards to counterfeit products in the fashion industry of Karachi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study is to determine the consumer buying behavior of students in selected national high schools of the second congressional district of Iloilo, Philippines. The preferred commodities of the students based on their prioritized needs and wants, the students prevailing buying behavior and the buying problems encountered were justified to answer the purpose of the study. This study was conducted last May 2015. The descriptive survey method of research using self-formulated questionnaire was answered by the respondents which were the fourth year high school students of the second congressional district of Iloilo, Philippines. The result showed that the students prioritized buying the needed school supplies, food and drinks, grooming aids, accessories, personal items and clothes, and their prevailing buying behavior concentrated on problem recognition, consumer information processing, evaluation of alternatives and purchase and post purchase evaluation. The buying problem encountered by students were included and given proposals for improvement. The study concluded that the consumer who was highly satisfied with the purchased made was more likely to make a repeat purchase. The consumer was also inclined to endorse the product to other students and friends. If the consumer was not fully satisfied, he/she was more likely to consider other brands first before making a repeat purchase of the product first bought. (J ARAHE 22(3):105-110, 2015) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advertisements are always been a influential source which is used by celebrities in order to affect the consumer buying behavior appropriately, but now a day's consumers are surrounded by those advertisements which contains lot of clutter and because of this consumers tends to ignore advertisements, specially advertisements from broadcast media are suffered a lot from this habit of customers, that's why advertisers now a day's try to use mix of advertising strategies in order to gain customers interest, and among all of these strategies used by the advertisers in the television through broadcast media the most important strategy is use of use of celebrities in their advertisements, but as there are several attributes which are associated with the celebrity endorsement which are creating impact on consumer buying behavior this is difficult for the researchers to identify the effect of each and every attribute which is associated with the celebrity endorsement and can create impact on consumer buying behavior, that's why there is need of descriptive research which can identify the affect of different attributes related with the celebrity on consumer buying behavior and in order to check affect of these attributes of celebrity on consumer buying behavior in the minimal amount of time researcher has selected the telecom industry of Pakistan in order to analyze the effect of use of celebrities in the television on consumer buying behavior and for the compilation of this research we have taken sample of 338 respondents out of which 210 are male and 128 are females and for the analysis of data we have used regression and correlation and after implementing statistical tools we analyzed all the attributes of celebrity endorsement which we have checked in our research have an impact on consumer buying behavior on the telecom customers but the attributes which have most significant impact on the consumer buying behavior are attractiveness and trustworthiness of the celebrity. Telecom companies must use those celebrities in their advertisement that posses these attributes as compared to the other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laptops, smartphones and tablets are currently changing the way life. While they have been used as a tool for finding information for a while, they are now also used for multitasking. Though, little effort has been done to sort out consumer buying behavior for laptop, mobile and especially tablet electronics brand. The purpose of this paper was to examine the buying behavior of male and female consumers of Pakistan towards consumer electronics. Data were collected from four different cities of Pakistan i.e. Peshawar, Rawalpindi, Islamabad, Lahore through structured questionnaire. SPSS version 20.0 was used to inspect the results. To find out the preferences of the consumers while making a purchase decision we used Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Prioritization of factors was done with the help of Analytical Hierarchy Process. The paper helps management to review their advertisement campaigns and improve their electronics according to the needs of the consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of present study is to investigate the impact of advertisement on consumer behavior on college students (N = 100). This paper aims to explore the role of advertisement on attitudes towards buying behavior. A questionnaire has prepared to evaluate the impact of advertisement. The sample data has been collected from college students, between 18-26 age group. As a whole seven brands of body and detergent soaps has been taken into consideration as FMCG's brands like Lux, Pears, Dettol, Dove, Fiama D' Wills, RIN and Surf Excel. Data collection were made in respect of their co-relations with advertisements. As a result,mean,standard deviation frequency and percentage were used and presented in tabular format. These results exposed that advertisement attracts towards the preference and choices to influence the consumer buying behavior. The model used therein influenced the consumers more as compared to traditional mode of advertisement. Results also revealed that consumers considered advertisement as a reliable source of knowledge as compared to others, (friend, neighbors, reference group) opinions. Advertisement play a very important role to affect any high or low income group, but expensive products and the repetition of advertisement did not affect the consumer buying behavior. The most preferred brand is DOVE and second preferred brand is PEARS. Further, Surf Excel's ad effects more consumers than RIN. However, consumers prefer RIN to Surf Excel due to lower price of RIN. Consumers were attracted and influenced by the flash of advertisement on the silver screen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, customers’ trading activities are supported by recommender tools that are able to generate personalized suggestions. Many of these recommenders are centralized, lacking in efficiency and scalability, while others are distributed and, conversely, imply a computational overhead on the client side being often excessive or even unacceptable for many devices. In this article, we propose a distributed recommender, based on a multi-tiered agent system, where the agents of each tier are specialized in a different e-commerce activity. The proposed system is capable of generating effective suggestions without a too onerous computational burden. In particular, we show that our system introduces significant advantages in terms of openness, privacy, and security. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]