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16 results on '"School of Archaeology [Oxford]"'

1. Make a desert and call it peace: massacre at the Iberian Iron Age village of La Hoya

Author: Armando Llanos, Rick Schulting, Teresa Fernández-Crespo, Javier Ordoño, Laboratoire méditerranéen de préhistoire Europe-Afrique (LAMPEA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, Arkikus, Instituto Alavés de Arqueología, Fernandez-Crespo, Teresa, School of Archaeology [Oxford], and University of Oxford
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Archeology, History, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Iron Age, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, 01 natural sciences, Prehistory, violence, Hoya, 0601 history and archaeology, palaeopathology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, massacre, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Desert (philosophy), 060102 archaeology, biology, Osteology, General Arts and Humanities, 06 humanities and the arts, 16. Peace & justice, biology.organism_classification, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, trauma, [SHS.HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Ethnology, Iberia, Decapitation, [SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Settlement (litigation)
Abstract: International audience; Once considered rare, archaeological examples of violence in prehistoric Europe have accumulated over recent decades, with new discoveries providing evidence of large-scale, organised warfare among pre- and protohistoric populations. One example is La Hoya in north-central Iberia. Between the mid fourth and late third centuries BC, the site was subjected to a violent attack, its inhabitants killed and the settlement burned. Here the authors present osteological analyses for a massacre: decapitations, amputations and other sharp-force injuries affecting a wide cross section of the community. They interpret the massacre as an instance of conflict between rival local communities, contributing to a growing picture of the scale and nature of violence in Iron Age Europe.
Published: 2020

2. From photogrammetry to radiocarbon dating; investigating hafting adhesives on stone tools using a multi-analytical approach

Author: Thibaut Devièse, Marabel Riesmeier, Thomas Higham, Margaret-Ashley Veall, Dominique Bonjean, Richard Allen, Jamie Cameron, School of Archaeology [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Bodleian Lib, Osney One Bldg, Oxford OX2 0EW, England, Centre de recherches de la grotte Scladina, Université de Liège, and University of Oxford
Subjects: [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 010506 paleontology, Archeology, 060102 archaeology, Context (language use), 06 humanities and the arts, Integrated approach, 01 natural sciences, Hafting, Archaeology, law.invention, Photogrammetry, law, 0601 history and archaeology, Radiocarbon dating, Geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Hafting adhesives play a crucial role in the study of composite objects such as hunting weapons. However, they tend to degrade rapidly and, when they exceptionally preserve, they represent only micro remains. Over the last 20 years, different techniques have been applied to study such hafting residues. These techniques include optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and gas chromatography / mass spectrometry. Hafting adhesives have also been radiocarbon dated in some cases. Here, we present a multi-analytical approach using these techniques as well as photogrammetry and FTIR spectroscopy. Our integrated approach, combining these six techniques in a strategic order, allows us to document, characterise chemically and date hafting adhesives. We applied this methodology to a set of stone tools discovered in Sart-Saint-Laurent (Belgium) without any archaeological context. This multi-analytical work revealed that several of the tools have been hafted with a heated Pinaceae resin around the 2nd-4th century CE, although some of the artefacts can be attributed to the Neolithic. More generally, this work demonstrates the complementary nature of all the techniques employed and their crucial contribution to fully elucidate hafting techniques.
Published: 2020

3. A guide for an anatomically sensitive dentine microsampling and age-alignment approach for human teeth isotopic sequences

Author: Julia A. Lee-Thorp, Andrea Czermak, Teresa Fernández-Crespo, Peter Ditchfield, School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, Laboratoire méditerranéen de préhistoire Europe-Afrique (LAMPEA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), School of Archaeology [Oxford], University of Oxford, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Grant/Award Number: DFG246602782, British Academy (Newton International Fellowship), Grant/Award Number: NF170854, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Grant/Award Number: DFG246602782, European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement, Grant/Award Number: 790491, John Fell Fund, University of Oxford, Grant/Award Number: EBD10940-151/102., and Fernandez-Crespo, Teresa
Subjects: Adult, Adolescent, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Tertiary dentine, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, Incremental growth, Anthropology, Physical, Young Adult, stomatognathic system, medicine, Humans, Cementum, Child, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Carbon Isotopes, [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Nitrogen Isotopes, Infant, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, Diet, stomatognathic diseases, medicine.anatomical_structure, [SHS.HIST] Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Child, Preschool, Anthropology, Temporal resolution, Dentin, Secondary dentine, Age Determination by Teeth, Anatomy, [SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Tooth, Geology, Biomedical engineering
Abstract: International audience; ObjectivesStable isotope analysis of sequential dentine samples is a potentially powerful method to reveal insights into early life-histories of individuals in the past. Dentine incremental growth structures are complex, however, and current approaches that apply horizontal sectioning of demineralized tooth halves or quarters risk combining multiple growth layers and may include unwanted cementum or secondary dentine. They also require destruction of large parts of a tooth. Here, we present a less destructive and relatively straightforward protocol that reduces damage, increases temporal resolution, and improves the accuracy of age-alignment between individuals.Material and methodsWe outline a protocol that includes the sampling of small (1 mm diameter) cylindrical plug transects from a thin section, along with an age-alignment scheme predicated on average growth rates for dentine areas.Results and discussionThe proposed protocol is readily applicable and more anatomically sensitive than horizontal slicing. Micro-samples are smaller (in both length and depth), hence minimizing temporal overlap and avoid directions that may contravene growth pattern. They completely avoid areas where secondary and tertiary dentine or cementum can be deposited. Age-alignment is improved by using growth ratios of anatomical tooth zones.ConclusionThis method minimizes destruction, enables finer temporal resolution and facilitates data comparison. It can be readily combined with fluorescence imaging-based or other pre-screening methods of dentine collagen preservation.
Published: 2020

4. Dire wolves were the last of an ancient New World canid lineage

Author: Andrew T. Ozga, Mary Thompson, Colin J. Shew, Mario dos Reis, Anne C. Stone, James C. Chatters, Beth Shapiro, Holly Heiniger, Philippe Gaubert, Josh Kapp, Graham Gower, Alan Cooper, Dmitry E. Taranenko, Alexander T. Salis, Alexandra Jamieson, James Haile, Kristofer M. Helgen, Julie Meachen, Alberto Carmagnini, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Yaroslav V. Kuzmin, Audrey T. Lin, Carly Ameen, Pavel A. Kosintsev, Ardern Hulme-Beaman, Mikkel-Holger S. Sinding, Greger Larson, Keith Dobney, Alice Mouton, Nedda F. Saremi, Kieren J. Mitchell, Laurent A. F. Frantz, Katherine M. Skerry, Samantha Presslee, Sandra Álvarez-Carretero, Shyam Gopalakrishnan, Robert K. Wayne, Ekaterina Antipina, Blaire Van Valkenburgh, Allowen Evin, Pere Bover, Angela R. Perri, Matthew J. Collins, Anna Linderholm, Christian Carøe, Mikhail V. Sablin, Selina Brace, Blaine W. Schubert, José Alfredo Samaniego Castruita, Durham University, Australian Centre for Ancient DNA, University of Adelaide, University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California (UC), School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University (LJMU), Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art [Oxford], School of Archaeology [Oxford], University of Oxford-University of Oxford, Des Moines University, Smithsonian Institution, East Tennessee State University (ETSU), University of Exeter, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), University of Zaragoza - Universidad de Zaragoza [Zaragoza], The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), The University of Sydney, University of Aberdeen, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Australian Museum [Sydney], University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), Ural Federal University [Ekaterinburg] (UrFU), Texas A&M University System, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), University of York [York, UK], Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Idaho State University, Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ZIN RAS), Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy [Novosibirsk], South Australian Museum (SAM), Ludwig Maximilian University [Munich] (LMU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Perri, Angela R [0000-0002-4349-1060], Mitchell, Kieren J [0000-0002-3921-0262], Mouton, Alice [0000-0002-0598-8789], Hulme-Beaman, Ardern [0000-0001-8130-9648], Haile, James [0000-0002-8521-8337], Jamieson, Alexandra [0000-0003-0979-5762], Meachen, Julie [0000-0002-2526-2045], Lin, Audrey T [0000-0003-2505-1480], Bover, Pere [0000-0003-2942-2840], Brace, Selina [0000-0003-2126-6732], Samaniego Castruita, Jose A [0000-0001-5904-1198], Chatters, James C [0000-0001-8774-1044], Dobney, Keith [0000-0001-9036-4681], Dos Reis, Mario [0000-0001-9514-3976], Evin, Allowen [0000-0003-4515-1649], Gower, Graham [0000-0002-6197-3872], Helgen, Kristofer M [0000-0002-8776-4040], Salis, Alexander T [0000-0002-3205-3006], Taranenko, Dmitry E [0000-0002-3311-3947], Thompson, Mary [0000-0001-5626-3246], Sablin, Mikhail V [0000-0002-2773-7454], Kuzmin, Yaroslav V [0000-0002-4512-2269], Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S [0000-0003-1371-219X], Stone, Anne C [0000-0001-8021-8314], Shapiro, Beth [0000-0002-2733-7776], Van Valkenburgh, Blaire [0000-0002-9935-4719], Larson, Greger [0000-0002-4092-0392], Frantz, Laurent AF [0000-0001-8030-3885], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY, Lineage (evolution), Geographic Mapping, CANIS LUPUS, PHENOTYPE, 01 natural sciences, COLONIZATION, Extant taxon, FOSSILS, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Phylogeny, CANID, FOSSIL, CARNIVORA, 0303 health sciences, WOLF, Multidisciplinary, NORTH, Genome, ORIGIN, Fossils, Biodiversity, Genomics, CANIDAE, MEGAFAUNAL EXTINCTIONS, GENOME, ADMIXTURE, Geography, EXTINCTION, Phenotype, SUBFOSSIL, EXTINCTION, BIOLOGICAL, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, HYBRIDIZATION, Gene Flow, NORTH AMERICA, Pleistocene, GENETICS, PHYLOGENY, PLEISTOCENE, Zoology, Extinction, Biological, 010603 evolutionary biology, EURASIA, CLASSIFICATION, 03 medical and health sciences, COYOTE, WOLVES, EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY, REVEALS, GENE FLOW, NONHUMAN, Animals, ARTICLE, SPECIES EXTINCTION, PALEONTOLOGY, 030304 developmental biology, Taxonomy, CANIS LATRANS, MAMMALIA, Extinction, Wolves, Human evolutionary genetics, ANIMALS, Paleontology, ANIMAL, 15. Life on land, North America, GEOGRAPHIC MAPPING, GENOMICS
Abstract: Dire wolves are considered to be one of the most common and widespread large carnivores in Pleistocene America1, yet relatively little is known about their evolution or extinction. Here, to reconstruct the evolutionary history of dire wolves, we sequenced five genomes from sub-fossil remains dating from 13,000 to more than 50,000 years ago. Our results indicate that although they were similar morphologically to the extant grey wolf, dire wolves were a highly divergent lineage that split from living canids around 5.7 million years ago. In contrast to numerous examples of hybridization across Canidae2,3, there is no evidence for gene flow between dire wolves and either North American grey wolves or coyotes. This suggests that dire wolves evolved in isolation from the Pleistocene ancestors of these species. Our results also support an early New World origin of dire wolves, while the ancestors of grey wolves, coyotes and dholes evolved in Eurasia and colonized North America only relatively recently. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited. Acknowledgements We thank the staff at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Cincinnati Museum Center, Danish Zoological Museum, Harrison Zoological Museum, Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology, Idaho Museum of Natural History, Institute of Archaeology (Russian Academy of Sciences), Institute of Systematics and Animal Ecology (Russian Academy of Sciences), Institute of Zoology (Chinese Academy of Sciences), Instituto de Conservação da Natureza e das Florestas, Kansas Museum of Natural History, La Brea Tar Pits and Museum, Ludwig Maximilian University, McClung Museum, Museum of the Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology (Russian Academy of Sciences), Museum national d’Histoire naturelle, National Museums Scotland, Natural History Museum London, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Naturhistorisches Museum Bern, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Swedish Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, SYLVATROP, US Bureau of Reclamation, University of California Museum of Paleontology, University of Texas at El Paso, University of Washington Burke Museum and the Zoological Institute (Russian Academy of Sciences; state assignment no. АААА-А19-119032590102-7) for access to specimens in their care; T. Barnosky, S. Bray, A. Farrell, R. Fischer, A. Harris, J. Harris, A. Henrici, P. Holroyd, R. MacPhee, T. Martin, A. Philpot, J. Saunders, J. Southon, G. Storrs, G. Takeuchi, X. Wang and C. Widga for assistance; and L. DeSantis for comments. A.M. used computational and storage services associated with the Hoffman2 Shared Cluster provided by UCLA Institute for Digital Research and Education’s Research Technology Group. DireGWC was sequenced using the Vincent J. Coates Genomics Sequencing Laboratory at UC Berkeley, supported by NIH S10 OD018174 Instrumentation Grant. We acknowledge the assistance of the Danish National High-Throughput Sequencing Centre, BGI-Europe, the Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the Australian Cancer Research Foundation (ACRF) Cancer Genomics Facility for assistance in Illumina and BGIseq500 data generation. A.R.P. was supported by a Marie Curie COFUND Junior Research Fellowship (Durham University). A.M. was supported by an NSF grant (award number: 1457106) and the QCB Collaboratory Postdoctoral Fellowship (UCLA). L.A.F.F., J.H., A.H.-B. and G.L. were supported by either European Research Council grant (ERC-2013-StG-337574-UNDEAD and ERC-2019-StG-853272-PALAEOFARM) and/or Natural Environmental Research Council grants (NE/K005243/1 and NE/K003259/1). K.S. was supported by a grant from Barrett, the Honors College at Arizona State University. A.T.O. was supported by the Strategic Initiative Funds, Office of the President, Arizona State University to the Institute of Human Origins DNA and Human Origins at Arizona State University project. L.A.F.F. was supported by a Junior Research Fellowship (Wolfson College, University of Oxford) and L.A.F.F. and A. Carmagnini were supported by the Wellcome Trust (210119/Z/18/Z). S.G. was supported by Carlsbergfondet grant CF14–0995 and Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions grant 655732-WhereWolf. M.T.P.G. was supported by ERC Consolidator grant 681396-Extinction Genomics. B.S. and J.K. were supported by IMLS MG-30-17-0045-17 and NSF DEB-1754451. A.H.-B. was supported by the Leverhulme Trust (ECF-2017-315). A. Cooper, K.J.M. and H.H. were supported by the Australian Research Council. A.T.S. and G.G. were supported by Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarships. A.T.L. was supported by the Peter Buck Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of Natural History. Y.V.K. was supported by the by State Assignment of the Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy.
Published: 2020

5. Datation croisée (U-Th et radiocarbone) de concrétions fuligineuses, modélisation bayésienne de la durée des phases d'occupation et fuliginochronologie

Author: Ségolène Vandevelde, Adelphine Bonneau, Edwige Pons-Branchu, Jacques Brochier, Tom Higham, Christophe Petit, Ludovic Slimak, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - UFR Histoire de l'art et archéologie (UP1 UFR03), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Archéologies environnementales, Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Laboratoire méditerranéen de préhistoire Europe-Afrique (LAMPEA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Archaeology [Oxford], University of Oxford-University of Oxford, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Oxford, École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2020

6. Molecular profiling of Peru Balsam reveals active ingredients responsible for its pharmaceutical properties

Author: Szu Shen Wong, Matthew Johnston, Thibaut Devièse, Erika Ribechini, John Betts, Marabel Riesmeier, Margaret-Ashley Veall, Marco Mattonai, University of Oxford [Oxford], University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, Keele University [Keele], Royal Pharmaceut Soc, London, England, School of Archaeology [Oxford], and University of Oxford
Subjects: Myroxylon balsamum, Peru Balsam, Plant Science, Q1, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, Analytical Chemistry, Ointments, allergy, antimicrobial, Meso- and Southern America, Peru, Humans, Medicine, Healing wounds, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Active ingredient, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Balsams, Myroxylon, integumentary system, Traditional medicine, 010405 organic chemistry, business.industry, Organic Chemistry, Antimicrobial, R1, 3. Good health, 0104 chemical sciences, 010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry, Dermatitis, Allergic Contact, Peru balsam, business, Topical ointment
Abstract: Peru Balsam, a resinous substance derived from Myroxylon balsamum var. pereirae, has historically been used as a topical ointment for various skin conditions such as scabies, poorly healing wounds, eczema, and haemorrhoids. The ingredients responsible for these properties are not fully elucidated. We investigated the chemical composition of two Peru Balsam samples, one historical and one modern, using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry to identify the active ingredients responsible for its pharmaceutical properties. Both Peru Balsam specimens investigated had similar compositions, showing the stability of the substance. Components identified are effective against scabies, exhibit antimicrobial activity and aid skin penetration. These properties are consistent with historical uses of Peru Balsam. Several ingredients are also known allergens. This study, combining chemical information with scientific literature related to pharmaceutical properties of natural substances, represents a breakthrough in the elucidation of active ingredients in Peru Balsam.
Published: 2020

7. Dating the Middle Paleolithic deposits of La Quina Amont (Charente, France) using luminescence methods

Author: André Debénath, Hélène Valladas, Norbert Mercier, Thomas Higham, Anne Delagnes, Christelle Lahaye, Marine Frouin, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Service Nutrition Clinique, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, RLAHA, Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Archaeology [Oxford], University of Oxford-University of Oxford, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Marine isotope stage, 010506 paleontology, Luminescence, Optically stimulated luminescence, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Paleontology, law, Middle Paleolithic, Animals, Humans, 0601 history and archaeology, Radiocarbon dating, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 060102 archaeology, Thermoluminescence dating, Radiometric Dating, Mousterian, 06 humanities and the arts, Archaeology, Anthropology, Upper Paleolithic, France, Geology, Chronology
Abstract: The site of La Quina Amont, located in the Charente region, is one of the most important sites in southwestern France for studying major changes in human behaviors from the Middle Paleolithic (MP) to the Early Upper Paleolithic (EUP). Extensively excavated over the past 50 years, numerous dating studies have been focused on the Upper Paleolithic deposits using radiocarbon on bone collagen and thermoluminescence (TL) on heated flints; however, the Mousterian levels remain undated due to the scarcity of suitable materials. Our investigations aimed to provide for the first time a chronological framework for the site using luminescence dating methods on different minerals contained in the sediments. Coarse grains of quartz were dated using the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) technique, and polymineral fine grains were dated using both infrared (IRSL) and post-infrared (pIR-IRSL) stimulated luminescence signals. OSL, IRSL and pIR-IRSL results were combined with available TL and radiocarbon data sets to propose a chronology for the site. The agreement between these methods provides key insights into the sedimentological processes involved in the site formation and into the chronology of the human occupations. In particular, it shows that the sequence spans almost ∼20,000 years (20 ka). Moreover, the new chronological framework suggests that the makers of the Quina lithic technocomplex (LTC), who were reindeer hunters, inhabited the site from the end of marine isotope stage (MIS) 4 to the beginning of MIS 3. We also show that Levallois and Discoidal industries occurred successively under temperate paleoclimatic conditions, during MIS 3 but not after ∼40 ka. Finally, we compare the Quina LTC dataset with other sites in southern France in order to shed light upon the variability in Mousterian industries of this region.
Published: 2017

8. Metabolomics reveals diet-derived plant polyphenols accumulate in physiological bone

Author: Thibaut Devièse, Peter Ditchfield, Beatrice Whitham-Agut, Miguel Sipin, Angela Trentacoste, James S. O. McCullagh, Jennifer A. Tripp, Robert E. M. Hedges, Jacob Studholme, Maria Grazia Cappai, Isabelle Alldritt, School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art [Oxford], School of Archaeology [Oxford], University of Oxford-University of Oxford, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and University of Oxford [Oxford]
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Phytochemicals, Sus scrofa, Human bone, lcsh:Medicine, Mineralization (biology), Bone health, Biochemical assays, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Metabolomics, Limit of Detection, Osteogenesis, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Element cycles, Ingestion, Animals, Bone formation, Femur, Bone, lcsh:Science, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Multidisciplinary, Chemistry, lcsh:R, Polyphenols, food and beverages, Feeding Behavior, Animal Feed, In vitro, 030104 developmental biology, Durapatite, Biochemistry, Polyphenol, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, lcsh:Q, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Biomarkers
Abstract: Plant-derived secondary metabolites consumed in the diet, especially polyphenolic compounds, are known to have a range of positive health effects. They are present in circulation after ingestion and absorption and can be sequestered into cells within particular organs, but have rarely been investigated systematically in osteological tissues. However, a small number of polyphenols and similar molecules are known to bind to bone. For example alizarin, a plant derived anthraquinone and tetracycline (a naturally occurring antibiotic), are both absorbed into bone from circulation during bone formation and are used to monitor mineralization in osteological studies. Both molecules have also been identified serendipitously in archaeological human bones derived from natural sources in the diet. Whether an analogous mechanism of sequestration extends to additional diet-derived plant-polyphenols has not previously been systematically studied. We investigated whether a range of diet-derived polyphenol-like compounds bind to bone using untargeted metabolomics applied to the analysis of bone extracts from pigs fed an acorn-based diet. We analysed the diet which was rich in ellagitannins, extracts from the pig bones and surrounding tissue, post-mortem. We found direct evidence of multiple polyphenolic compounds in these extracts and matched them to the diet. We also showed that these compounds were present in the bone but not surrounding tissues. We also provide data showing that a range of polyphenolic compounds bind to hydroxyapatite in vitro. The evidence for polyphenol sequestration into physiological bone, and the range and specificity of polyphenols in human and animal diets, raises intriguing questions about potential effects on bone formation and bone health. Further studies are needed to determine the stability of the sequestered molecules post-mortem but there is also potential for (palaeo)dietary reconstruction and forensic applications.
Published: 2019

9. Corrigendum to 'Dating the Middle Palaeolithic deposits of La Quina Amont (Charente, France) using luminescence methods' [Journal of Human Evolution 109 (2017) 30–45]

Author: Norbert Mercier, Thomas Higham, Anne Delagnes, Marine Frouin, Hélène Valladas, Christelle Lahaye, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, RLAHA, De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Archaeology [Oxford], University of Oxford-University of Oxford, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 010506 paleontology, 060101 anthropology, 06 humanities and the arts, 01 natural sciences, Archaeology, Human evolution, Anthropology, 0601 history and archaeology, Luminescence, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2018

10. The complementarity of luminescence dating methods illustrated on the Mousterian sequence of the Roc de Marsal: A series of reindeer-dominated, Quina Mousterian layers dated to MIS 3

Author: Vera Aldeias, Shannon P. McPherron, Norbert Mercier, Joséphine Tuquoi, Marine Frouin, Harold L. Dibble, Dennis Sandgathe, Paul Goldberg, Kristina Jørkov Thomsen, Alain Turq, Guillaume Guérin, Christelle Lahaye, Mayank Jain, Pierre Guibert, IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Department of Archaeology, Boston University [Boston] (BU), Service Nutrition Clinique, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy (Risø DTU), Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), Musée National de Préhistoire, Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Archaeology [Oxford], University of Oxford-University of Oxford, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), and Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)
Subjects: Single grain OSL, 010506 paleontology, Pleistocene, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Context (language use), Middle Palaeolithic variability, 01 natural sciences, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, Paleontology, 0302 clinical medicine, Lithic technology, Cave, Sequence stratigraphy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Thermoluminescence dating, Mousterian, 15. Life on land, Archaeology, Dose rate heterogeneities, Luminescence dating methods (TL, OSL, IRSL), Quina Mousterian, Geology, Chronology
Abstract: Located in southwest France, Roc de Marsal is a cave with a rich Mousterian stratigraphic sequence. The lower part of the sequence (Layers 9–5) are characterized by assemblages dominated by Levallois lithic technology associated with composite faunal spectra (including red deer, roe deer and reindeer) that shows a gradual increase in the frequency of reindeer. The top of the sequence (Layers 4–2) are characterised instead by Quina lithic technology (both in terms of technology and typology) with the faunal remains dominated by reindeer. Roc de Marsal thus provides a very interesting case study to place behavioural changes in a context of changing climates and environments in western Europe during the late Pleistocene. To link the occupations at Roc de Marsal with global and regional climatic conditions known independently, a robust chronology is needed. With this aim in mind, we applied three luminescence dating methods (TL, OSL and IRSL) on different minerals (flint, quartz and K-feldspar extracts). Here the results of two of these methods are presented in detail (TL and OSL) and compared with preliminary IRSL data. At Roc de Marsal, a comparison of methods was necessary to overcome a complex sedimentary history, with very heterogeneous dose rate distributions, both at the beta (mm) and gamma (dm) dose rate scales. The results indicate that the lower Levallois layers are dated to ∼65–70 ka, while overlying Quina layers are dated to ∼49 ka. These ages for the lower layers fit well with some models that place mixed faunal assemblages in the initial MIS 4; however, while the Quina ages overlap with several other Quina assemblages from the region, they place the reindeer dominated fauna well after the peak cold of MIS 4 and suggest a more extended and complex period of contemporaneous lithic techno-complexes than posited by some current models.
Published: 2017

11. An improved radiofluorescence single-aliquot regenerative dose protocol for K-feldspars

Author: Sebastian Kreutzer, Christelle Lahaye, Marine Frouin, Michel Lamothe, Norbert Mercier, Sebastien Huot, Anne Philippe, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System, IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), ANJA (ANJA), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Laboratoire de Mathématiques Jean Leray (LMJL), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), School of Archaeology [Oxford], University of Oxford-University of Oxford, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-11-LABX-0020,LEBESGUE,Centre de Mathématiques Henri Lebesgue : fondements, interactions, applications et Formation(2011)
Subjects: Protocol (science), 010506 paleontology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Stratigraphy, Mineralogy, Geology, 01 natural sciences, Signal, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [MATH.MATH-ST]Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Fading, Biological system, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Measuring the infrared radiofluorescence (IR-RF) signal of K-feldspars, which is thought to be not affected by any anomalous fading, potentially provides a promising alternative dating approach to the more studied IR and pIRIR signals. Here we report a series of experiments aimed at characterising the IR-RF signal, which led us to propose an improved IR-SAR (Infrared Radiofluorescence Single-Aliquot Regeneration) protocol. In comparison with the original protocol from Erfurt and Krbetschek (2003a), the proposed one relies on IR-RF signal measurements and bleaching experiments conducted at elevated temperatures. Stabilising the temperature at 70 °C during the measurements helps keeping the very shallow traps empty during the process. Internal protocol tests and dating applications are presented using known age samples. We show that the improved protocol (named RF70) is capable to reproduce known age results within uncertainties. However, considering the slow bleaching rate of the RF70 signal, the multi-grain approach is likely not the most suitable for the De determination of complex samples.
Published: 2017

12. Bondi Cave and the Middle-Upper Palaeolithic transition in western Georgia (south Caucasus)

Author: Edwige Pons-Branchu, Sébastien Nomade, Reuven Yeshurun, Marie-Hélène Moncel, Alexander Muskhelishvili, François-Xavier Le Bourdonnec, Thomas Higham, Gérard Poupeau, David Lordkipanidze, David Pleurdeau, Dominique Genty, Maka Bokeria, Monique Pierre, Tamar Agapishvili, Nikoloz Tushabramishvili, Hervé Bocherens, Marine Frouin, Ron Pinhasi, Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Préhistoire, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), School of Archaeology, University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Zinman Institute of Archaeology [Haifa], University of Haifa [Haifa], Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford [Oxford], IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Paléocéanographie (PALEOCEAN), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut für Geowissenschaften, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art [Oxford], Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), The National Museum of Georgia, Musée national de Géorgie, Gouvernement de Géorgie, Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Département de Préhistoire du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche sur les archéomatériaux (IRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne, Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Oxford, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Archaeology [Oxford], and University of Oxford-University of Oxford
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Archeology, Provenance, Pleistocene, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Context (language use), 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Sequence (geology), Paleontology, Lithic technology, Cave, law, 0601 history and archaeology, Radiocarbon dating, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Global and Planetary Change, geography, 060101 anthropology, geography.geographical_feature_category, Geology, 06 humanities and the arts, 15. Life on land, Archaeology, Chronology
Abstract: The late Pleistocene expansion of anatomically modern humans (AMHs) into Eurasia and the concurrent demise of the Neanderthals appears to be a complex and regionally variable process. The southern Caucasus region, with its rich cave-sites, has recently provided important results regarding this process. In this paper we report on the results of fieldwork in Bondi Cave, Western Georgia, providing a new radiocarbon chronology, stratigraphic observations, analyses of lithic technology and provenance, faunal and floral remains as well as paleoenvironmental data. The cave includes Middle Palaeolithic (ca, 45,000 ka cal. BP) cultural horizons and a long Upper Palaeolithic sequence (ca. 40,000–27,000 cal. BP from layer V to IV). A modern human tooth was found in layer Vb. We estimate its age at 39,000–35,800 Cal BP (95.4%), based on the Bayesian age model we built. If the context of the tooth is reliable, as we think it is, this would make it the oldest morphologically modern human in the Caucasus. Upper Palaeolithic hunting of tur and bison, as well as the collection of various plants including flax is attested. Mobile Upper Palaeolithic foragers inhabited the cave in generally cold and dry periods, but a mosaic of environments, including forests and meadows, was nonetheless available to them. The archaeological sequence of Bondi and adjacent sites indicates a substantial time gap between the Middle and Upper Palaeolithic occupations, thus disproving Neanderthal-AMH interaction in this area and lending support to a replacement scenario in the southern Caucasus, assuming of course that the Early Upper Palaeolithic (EUP) is related to the arrival of AMHs.
Published: 2016

13. Large-scale tectonic cycles in Europe revealed by distinct Pb isotope provinces

Author: Blichert-Toft, Janne, Delile, Hugo, Lee, Cin-Ty, Stos-Gale, Zofia, Billström, Kjell, Andersen, Tom, Hannu, Huhma, Albarède, Francis, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Rice University [Houston], Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), ARCHEORIENT - Environnements et sociétés de l'Orient ancien (Archéorient), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM), University of Oslo (UiO), Geological Survey of Finland, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Archaeology [Oxford], University of Oxford-University of Oxford, Geological Survey of Finland = Geologian tutkimuskeskus tuottaa (GKT), Laboratoire de Sciences de la Terre (LST), Department of Earth Science, Rice University, Department of Geosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], and University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO)
Subjects: [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience; Lead isotopic systematics of U-poor minerals, such as sulfides and feldspars, can provide unique insights into the origin and evolution of continents because these minerals ''freeze in'' the Pb isotopic composition of the crust during major tectonothermal events, allowing the history of a continent to be told through Pb isotopes. Lead model ages constrain the timing of crust formation while time-integrated U/ Pb, Th/Pb, and Th/U ratios shed light onto key geochemical processes associated with continent formation. Using 6800 Pb isotope measurements of primarily lead ores and minor K-feldspar, we mapped out the Pb isotope systematics across Europe and the Mediterranean. Lead model ages define spatially distinct age provinces, consistent with major tectonic events ranging from the Paleozoic to the Proterozoic and latest Archean. However, the regions defined by time-integrated U/Pb and Th/Pb ratios cut across the boundaries of age provinces, with high U/Pb systematics characterizing most of southern Europe. Magmatic influx, followed by segregation of dense sulfide-rich mafic cumulates, resulted in foundering of U-and Th-poor lower crust, thereby changing the bulk composition of the continental crust and leading to distinct timeintegrated U-Th/Pb provinces. We show that the tectonic assembly of small crustal fragments leaves the crust largely undifferentiated, whereas the formation of supercontinents results in fundamental changes in the composition of the crust, identifiable in time and space by means of Pb isotope systematics. Observations based on Pb isotopes open up a new perspective on possible relationships between crustal thickness and geodynamic processes, in particular the role of crustal foundering into the mantle and the mechanisms responsible for the existence of cratons.
Published: 2016

14. New insights into a Late-Pleistocene human occupation in America: The Vale da Pedra Furada complete chronological study

Author: Gisele Daltrini Felice, Anne-Marie Pessis, Marine Frouin, Ignacio Clemente-Conte, A. Da Costa, Christine Hatté, Guillaume Guérin, Niède Guidon, Christelle Lahaye, Michel Fontugne, Eric Boëda, Mario Pino, Antoine Lourdeau, Marina Pagli, Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art [Oxford], University of Oxford [Oxford], Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Universidad Austral de Chile, Fundaçao Museu do Homem Americano (FUMDHAM), UNIVASF, Petrolina, Brazil, universidade federal do vale do sao francisco (univasf), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco [Recife] (UFPE), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), University of Oxford, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Anthropologie des techniques, des espaces et des territoires au Pliocène et au Pléistocène (AnTET), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ministère de la Culture (MC), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Archaeology [Oxford], University of Oxford-University of Oxford, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Radiocarbon dating, 010506 paleontology, Vale da Pedra Furada, Pleistocene, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Luminescence dating, Stratigraphy, Context (language use), America, Luminescence datation, Ecological succession, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, law, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), 0601 history and archaeology, Functional studies, Pléistocène, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 060102 archaeology, Thermoluminescence dating, National park, site archéologique de Pedra Furada au Brésil, Geology, 06 humanities and the arts, Quartz, Archaeology, Sedimentary rock, First settlements, radiocarbone
Abstract: Within the framework of the studies focusing on the Pleistocene peopling of the Americas, our French-Brazilian team has undertaken a pluridisciplinary research on different archaeological sites, inside and in the neighborhood of the Serra da Capivara National Park, in Brazilian Nordeste. The present study regards an archaeological site, Vale da Pedra Furada, situated in the Piauí state in Brazil. The results of technological and functional studies suggest the existence of different successive human occupations during the Pleistocene in this region. Moreover, the geological and geomorphological studies shed new light on our understanding of sedimentary processes and confirm that the levels were not subject to any significant post-depositional processes. This is also confirmed by macro- and micro-analysis of quartz artefact surfaces. The chronological study has recently been completed employing both radiocarbon and luminescence techniques; radiocarbon dates were obtained on charcoal, multi-grain and single-grain OSL ages on sedimentary quartz grains. The results obtained with the different methods are consistent with each other: the most recent archaeological level is dated to around 8 ka and the oldest to 24 ka, indicating the open-air site of Vale da Pedra Furada to be a succession of human occupations beginning from OIS 2. These results are discussed in the context of some archaeological sites studied in the Serra da Capivara National Park of the last few decades., Authors would like to thank Bordeaux-Montaigne University (PSE 2014), the Conseil Régional d'Aquitaine, the FUMDHAM (Fundacão Museu do Homem Americano), the CNPq and the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs for funding. This project benefited from French State help managed by the French Research National Agency under the Investissements d'Avenir Program (reference ANR-10-LABX-52). Thanks also due to B. Berthier, J-P Dumoulin and C. Moreau for LMC14-AMS facilities at Saclay, and to J. Faure for precious help in preparing luminescence samples.
Published: 2015

15. Context and dating of Aurignacian vulvar representations from Abri Castanet, France

Author: White, Randall, Mensan, Romain, Bourrillon, Raphaelle, Cretin, Catherine, F. G. Higham, Thomas, Clark, Amy, Sisk, Matthew, Tartar, Elise, GARDÈRE, Philippe, Goldberg, Paul, Pelegrin, J., Valladas, Hélène, Laborde, Nadine Tisnérat, Sanoit (de), Jacques, Chambellan, Dominique, Chiotti, Laurent, New York University [New York] (NYU), NYU System (NYU), Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art [Oxford], University of Oxford, University of Arizona, Adelphi University, Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cités, Territoires, Environnement et Sociétés (CITERES), Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Boston University [Boston] (BU), Préhistoire et Technologie (PréTech), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Capteurs Diamant (LCD-LIST), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire Instrumentation et Capteurs (LIC), Département Imagerie et Simulation pour le Contrôle (DISC), Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The research described here has been supported since 1994 by generous grants from the US National Science Foundation, the Direction Régional des Affaires Culturelles d’Aquitaine, the L. S. B. Leakey Foundation, the Reed Foundation, the Rock Foundation, the Fine Foundation, Unité Mixte Internationale 3199, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, the Institutefor Ice Age Studies, the Theodore Dubin Foundation, the Service Archéologique Départemental de la Dordogne, New York University, the Fyssen Foundation, the Partner University Fund, the Andrew Mellon Foundation, and the Fulbright Foundation, University of Oxford [Oxford], Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours (UT), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Archaeology [Oxford], University of Oxford-University of Oxford, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours, Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th], rock engravings, Social Sciences, Ancient history, 01 natural sciences, Bone and Bones, Aurignacian, Paleolithic art, Animals, Humans, 0601 history and archaeology, Vézère Valley, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, History, Ancient, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Painting, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Geography, 060102 archaeology, Fossils, Radiometric Dating, Fell, Bayes Theorem, Hominidae, Excavation, 06 humanities and the arts, vulva, Archaeology, Upper Paleolithic, France, Art
Abstract: International audience; We report here on the 2007 discovery, in perfect archaeological context, of part of the engraved and ocre-stained undersurface of the collapsed rockshelter ceiling from Abri Castanet, Dordogne, France. The decorated surface of the 1.5-t roof-collapse block was in direct contact with the exposed archaeological surface onto which it fell. Because there was no sedimentation between the engraved surface and the archaeological layer upon which it collapsed, it is clear that the Early Aurignacian occupants of the shelter were the authors of the ceiling imagery. This discovery contributes an important dimension to our understanding of the earliest graphic representation in southwestern France, almost all of which was discovered before modern methods of archaeological excavation and analysis. Comparison of the dates for the Castanet ceiling and those directly obtained from the Chauvet paintings reveal that the “vulvar” representations from southwestern France are as old or older than the very different wall images from Chauvet.
Published: 2012
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16. The Paleoenvironment and Lithic Taphonomy of Shi'Bat Dihya 1, a Middle Paleolithic Site in Wadi Surdud, Yemen

Author: Sitzia, Luca, Bertran, Pascal, Boulogne, Stéphane, Brenet, Michel, Crassard, Rémy, Delagnes, Anne, Frouin, Marine, Hatté, Christine, Jaubert, Jacques, Khalidi, Lamya, Messager, Erwan, Mercier, Norbert, Meunier, Alain, Peigne, Stéphane, Queffelec, Alain, Tribolo, Chantal, Macchiarelli, Roberto, De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), ARCHEORIENT - Environnements et sociétés de l'Orient ancien (Archéorient), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art [Oxford], School of Archaeology [Oxford], University of Oxford-University of Oxford, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Études Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), Université de Poitiers-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche sur la Paléobiodiversité et les Paléoenvironnements (CR2P), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PPP, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Oxford [Oxford], Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: The Shi’bat Dihya 1 site in western Yemen, dated by optically stimulated luminescence to 55 ka, provides insight into the Middle Paleolithic peopling of the Arabian Peninsula. The archaeological layer is interstratified within thick, sandy silt floodplain deposits filling a piedmont basin. Luminescence dates, lack of soil development, and gypsum precipitation indicate a high accretion rate of the floodplain during Marine Isotope Stage 3, in connection with a (semi)-arid environment. Rapid overbank sedimentation was likely a result of the remobilization of loess material deposited on the Yemeni Great Escarpment at the periphery of the adjacent Tihama coastal sand desert or of other sources. Fabric and size analyses of the lithic artifacts, together with spatial projections, indicate site modifications by floods. Primary modifications include (1) selective accumulation of medium-sized lithic pieces as a result of hydraulic sorting, (2) bimodal orientation of artifacts, and (3) ripple-like arrangement of lithics and bone/tooth fragments. The overrepresentation of teeth may also be a consequence of sorting. Although floods have distorted the original site patterning, long-distance transport of artifacts by water can be excluded, as indicated by relatively high refitting rate, close proximity of artifacts derived from the same block of raw material, and lack of abrasion of the pieces. Therefore, the site is considered “geologically” in situ because its remobilization by water occurred shortly after human abandonment. This study also stresses that the effective preservation of a site cannot be assessed without careful taphonomic study, even in a potentially favorable depositional context such as silty alluvium.
Published: 2012

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16 results on '"School of Archaeology [Oxford]"'

1. Make a desert and call it peace: massacre at the Iberian Iron Age village of La Hoya

2. From photogrammetry to radiocarbon dating; investigating hafting adhesives on stone tools using a multi-analytical approach

3. A guide for an anatomically sensitive dentine microsampling and age-alignment approach for human teeth isotopic sequences

4. Dire wolves were the last of an ancient New World canid lineage

5. Datation croisée (U-Th et radiocarbone) de concrétions fuligineuses, modélisation bayésienne de la durée des phases d'occupation et fuliginochronologie

6. Molecular profiling of Peru Balsam reveals active ingredients responsible for its pharmaceutical properties

7. Dating the Middle Paleolithic deposits of La Quina Amont (Charente, France) using luminescence methods

8. Metabolomics reveals diet-derived plant polyphenols accumulate in physiological bone

9. Corrigendum to 'Dating the Middle Palaeolithic deposits of La Quina Amont (Charente, France) using luminescence methods' [Journal of Human Evolution 109 (2017) 30–45]

10. The complementarity of luminescence dating methods illustrated on the Mousterian sequence of the Roc de Marsal: A series of reindeer-dominated, Quina Mousterian layers dated to MIS 3

11. An improved radiofluorescence single-aliquot regenerative dose protocol for K-feldspars

12. Bondi Cave and the Middle-Upper Palaeolithic transition in western Georgia (south Caucasus)

13. Large-scale tectonic cycles in Europe revealed by distinct Pb isotope provinces

14. New insights into a Late-Pleistocene human occupation in America: The Vale da Pedra Furada complete chronological study

15. Context and dating of Aurignacian vulvar representations from Abri Castanet, France

16. The Paleoenvironment and Lithic Taphonomy of Shi'Bat Dihya 1, a Middle Paleolithic Site in Wadi Surdud, Yemen

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16 results on '"School of Archaeology [Oxford]"'

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