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532 results on '"FIRENZE, A."'

1. Acoustic feedback reduction in hearing aids—A feasibility study

Author

Mariano Roccasalva-Firenze and Boaz Rafaely

Subjects
Hearing aid, medicine.medical_specialty, Acoustics and Ultrasonics, Microphone, Computer science, Hearing loss, Acoustics, medicine.medical_treatment, Adaptive feedback cancellation, Audiology, Compensation (engineering), Filter design, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), otorhinolaryngologic diseases, medicine, Audio feedback, medicine.symptom, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Acoustic feedback in hearing aids occurs when the receiver of the hearing aid produces an acoustic signal that leaks to the microphone and causes oscillations and instability, limiting the hearing aid gain. The problem is worse in vented hearing aids, which are commonly used to reduce the unnatural feeling caused by the ear occlusion. Common solutions to the feedback problem are low‐pass filtering for analog hearing aids, and adaptive feedback cancellation for digital hearing aids. Hearing aids are commonly designed primarily to compensate for the hearing loss, and therefore often suffer from feedback instability. In this work it is shown that the hearing aid can perform better if both the feedback problem and the required compensation are considered in the hearing aid design. An experiment was performed to study the hearing aid feedback mechanism in both an ear simulator and in human ears under various conditions. Then hearing aid filters that minimize the feedback problem for the human‐ear data, while providing maximum gain for hearing loss compensation, were computed. The filter design problem was formulated as a convex optimization problem and solved using sequential quadratic programming. Results of the feedback path measurements and the hearing aid filters will be presented.

Published
1999
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2. Spray Drop Size Distribution and Velocity Distribution issued from a Prefilming Airblast Atomizer

Author

Julien Reveillon, Lorenzo Palanti, Diego Ferrando, François-Xavier Demoulin, Benjamin Duret, Complexe de recherche interprofessionnel en aérothermochimie (CORIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), and Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI)

Subjects
Drop size, Distribution (number theory), Environmental science, Mechanics, [PHYS.MECA.MEFL]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Fluid mechanics [physics.class-ph], Airblast Atomization, Spray, Volume of Fluid, Drop Size Distribution, Curvature, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

This work explore the possibility to determine the spray characteristics at early stage of the atomization process. This approach has been firstly proposed in [7] propose to characterize the liquid-gas surface in term of surface curvature distribution allowing the determination of which part of the surface is already representative of the final spray. This innovative approach is based on numerical simulation but could be extended in principle on experimental imagery techniques for instance. In this work, the methodology is extended to include surface velocity measurements to provide the joint distribution of the spray in term of diameter and velocity. The configuration is representative of an aeronautic injector used in the European project CHAiRLIFT and focus on the prefilming airblast atomization. Such an atomization process involves a wide range of length scales. The diameter of the aeronautic atomizer could be three orders of magnitude higher than the diameter of the smallest droplet. Therefore, performing a CFD simulation is neither a straightforward nor a cheap process computationally speaking. Thus, a workflow, which divides the atomizer in less complex processes, is presented in this work to make the simulation affordable in an industrial perspective. The objective is to compute the properties that determine the spray behavior for the following combustion process. The OpenFOAM library is used to perform the simulation. In addition to the numerical strategy to capture first steps of the atomization process the focus of our presentation will be on the post processing of the simulation to extract the main features of the spray. The results presented concern the drop size distribution of the spray and the joint velocity distributions of the droplets. The post processing methodology is based on an analysis of the surface density joint distribution for curvatures and velocity. We believe this methodology can be used to enrich the spray injection models for further reactive spray flame simulations.

Published
2023
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3. La Politica Economica dei Paesi in via di Sviluppo

Author

Giovanni Andrea Cornia, Simone Bertoli, Luca Bortolotti, Bruno Martorano, Donato Romano, Marco Sanfilippo, Luca Tiberti, Elisa Ticci, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), Centre d'Études et de Recherches sur le Développement International (CERDI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), Università degli Studi di Siena = University of Siena (UNISI), and Firenze University Press

Subjects
structuralism, alternative approaches, sustainable development, developing countries, policy regimes, structuralism, sustainable development, alternative approaches, developing countries, policy regimes, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract

This manual has been written to respond to the need of making available an exhaustive compilation in the Italian language of the main topics and problems of the political economy of development in poor countries. So far, a discussion of such topics in Italian has not been available. The drafting of this manual has benefitted from the teaching and research experience of several academics of the faculty of economics of the university of Florence. Part 1 focuses on key methodological approaches derived from the theory of collective choices. In turn, Part 2 discusses the orthodox and heterodox macroeconomic reforms applied in developing countries, and their problems. Part 3 illustrates the domestic policies that have been or should have been adopted in the field of food security, land reform, environmental sustainability, taxation, social spending, labor markets and population. Part 4 discusses then the domestic policy reforms in the field of international trade, foreign direct investments, capital flows and international migration. Last, Part 5 illustrates the historical experience of five policy regimes (i.e. the import substituting industrialization, redistributive approaches, the Asian Miracle, Washington Consensus, and Sustainable Development) that have been introduced in the non-socialist developing countries between the decolonization of the 1950s and the present time. The methodological approach followed in the manual starts from an evaluation of the real-life impact on growth, income distribution, the wellbeing of the population, and the environment of the policies adopted during each policy regime and in the main economic areas. Whenever the policy measures introduced in the past generated unsatisfactory results, the manual suggests possible alternatives inspired by the structuralist and Keynesian schools.

Published
2022
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4. Domain Knowledge Alleviates Adversarial Attacks in Multi-Label Classifiers

Author

Stefano Melacci, Gabriele Ciravegna, Angelo Sotgiu, Ambra Demontis, Battista Biggio, Marco Gori, Fabio Roli, Università degli Studi di Siena = University of Siena (UNISI), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), and Universita degli Studi di Cagliari [Cagliari]

Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Cryptography and Security, Machine Learning (stat.ML), 02 engineering and technology, Adversarial machine learning, Machine Learning (cs.LG), [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], domain knowledge, Artificial Intelligence, Statistics - Machine Learning, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Training, Robustness, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, multi-label classification, Training data, adversarial machine learning, Ink, Learning from constraints, Semisupervised learning, Task analysis, Applied Mathematics, Computational Theory and Mathematics, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Cryptography and Security (cs.CR), Software
Abstract

Adversarial attacks on machine learning-based classifiers, along with defense mechanisms, have been widely studied in the context of single-label classification problems. In this paper, we shift the attention to multi-label classification, where the availability of domain knowledge on the relationships among the considered classes may offer a natural way to spot incoherent predictions, i.e., predictions associated to adversarial examples lying outside of the training data distribution. We explore this intuition in a framework in which first-order logic knowledge is converted into constraints and injected into a semi-supervised learning problem. Within this setting, the constrained classifier learns to fulfill the domain knowledge over the marginal distribution, and can naturally reject samples with incoherent predictions. Even though our method does not exploit any knowledge of attacks during training, our experimental analysis surprisingly unveils that domain-knowledge constraints can help detect adversarial examples effectively, especially if such constraints are not known to the attacker., Accepted for publications in IEEE TPAMI journal

Published
2021
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5. Letter to the editor: Increase of influenza vaccination coverage rates during the COVID-19 pandemic and implications for the upcoming influenza season in northern hemisphere countries and Australia

Author

Marco Del Riccio, Bruno Lina, Saverio Caini, Lisa Staadegaard, Sytske Wiegersma, Jan Kynčl, Béhazine Combadière, Chandini Raina MacIntyre, John Paget, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research [Utrecht] (NIVEL), Virology and human respiratory Pathologies - Virology and human respiratory Pathologies (VirPath), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - UMR (CIRI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Institute of Public Health [Prague], Centre d'Immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Gestionnaire, Hal Sorbonne Université

Subjects
Letter, Vaccination Coverage, Epidemiology, coverage rates, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Virology, Influenza, Human, Humans, Pandemics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, SARS-CoV-2, Vaccination, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Australia, COVID-19, 3. Good health, Influenza vaccination, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Influenza Vaccines, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Seasons, influenza
Abstract

International audience

Published
2021
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6. Systemic treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma: the times they are a-changin’

Author

Jean-Charles Nault, Claudia Campani, Génomique fonctionnelle des tumeurs solides = Functional Genomics of Solid Tumors [CRC] (FunGeST), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S_1138 / U1138)), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Paris (UP)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Paris (UP), Labex OncoImmunology, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Université de Florence, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Service d'Hépatologie [Avicenne], Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Unité de Formation et de Recherche Santé, Médecine, Biologie Humaine [Bobigny], and Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Sorbonne Paris Cité

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, [SDV.MHEP.HEG]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hépatology and Gastroenterology, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, [SDV.IMM.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Immunotherapy, medicine.disease, Gastroenterology, 3. Good health, Editorial, Internal medicine, Hepatocellular carcinoma, medicine, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2021
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7. Editorial: Seismicity in Volcanic Areas

Author

Derek Keir, Luca De Siena, Cécile Doubre, Jessica H. Johnson, Francesco Maccaferri, Luigi Passarelli, School of Ocean and Earth Sciences, National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra [Firenze] (DST), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Institute of Geosciences, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany, Institut Terre Environnement Strasbourg (ITES), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, University of East Anglia, Osservatorio Vesuviano, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - Sezione di Napoli (INGV), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia-Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, and National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology, Bologna, Italy

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Science, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, eruption, tectonic, volcano, earthquake, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, seismicity, volcanism, swarms, dyke, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, magma “mush”
Abstract

International audience

Published
2021
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8. Corrigendum to ‘Design of fascines for riverbank protection in Alpine rivers: insight from flume experiments’

Author

Recking, A., Guillaume Piton, Montabonnet, L., Posi, S., André Evette, Erosion torrentielle neige et avalanches (UR ETGR (ETNA)), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), and Laboratoire des EcoSystèmes et des Sociétés en Montagne (UR LESSEM)

Subjects
Fascine, Bedload, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Bank protection, River bioengineering, [SPI.GCIV.RISQ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Risques, [SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SPI.GCIV.CH]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Construction hydraulique, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2021

9. Addressing Charge‐Transfer and Locally‐Excited States in a Twisted Biphenyl Push‐Pull Chromophore

Author

Olivier Mongin, Francesca Terenziani, Elisa Campioli, Agnese Marcelli, Mariangela Di Donato, Mireille Blanchard-Desce, Anna Painelli, Somananda Sanyal, ISM Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, University of Parma = Università degli studi di Parma [Parme, Italie], European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), RBFR10Y5VW, Italian Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca (MIUR), DM 11/05/2017 n. 262, 'Dipartimenti di Eccellenza', 812872, European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, HPC (High Performance Computing) facility of the University of Parma, Italy, Università degli studi di Parma [Parme, Italie], Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze], Synthèse et électrosynthèse organiques (SESO), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Molecular Materials for Advanced Applications (MMAA), Università di Parma-INSTM-UdR Parma, Università degli studi di Parma = University of Parma (UNIPR), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
theoretical modelling, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, time-resolved spectroscopy, Spectral line, Photoinduced electron transfer, Ultrafast laser spectroscopy, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Molecule, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Physics, solvation dynamics, Solvation, Charge (physics), Chromophore, electron transfer, dual fluorescence, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 0104 chemical sciences, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, Chemical physics, Excited state, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

International audience; We present the synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of a twisted push-pull biphenyl molecule undergoing photoinduced electron transfer. Steady-state and transient absorption spectra suggest, in this rigid molecular structure, a subtle interplay between locally-excited and charge-transfer states, whose equilibrium and dynamics is only driven by solvation. A theoretical model is presented for the solvation dynamics and, with the support of quantum chemical calculations, we demonstrate the existence of two sets of states, having either local or charge-transfer character, that only "communicate" thanks to solvation, which is the sole driving force for the charge-separation process.

Published
2019
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10. Call to action: Air pollution, asthma, and allergy in the exposome era

Author

Lorenzo Cecchi, Cara Nichole Maesano, Benedetta Biagioni, Gennaro D'Amato, Isabella Annesi-Maesano, Institut Desbrest de santé publique (IDESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Azienda Usl Toscana centro [Firenze], Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), and Cognata, Bérangère

Subjects
Exposome, Allergy, MESH: Asthma, [SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, MESH: Hypersensitivity, Climate, Immunology, MESH: Environmental Exposure, Air pollution, medicine.disease_cause, Environmental health, Hypersensitivity, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, Humans, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Asthma, MESH: Air pollution, MESH: Exposome, Air Pollutants, MESH: Humans, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, business.industry, Environmental Exposure, medicine.disease, Call to action, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, MESH: Air pollutants, business, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract

International audience; According to the World Health Organization, by 2050, approximately 50% of the world’s population will have had asthma and/or allergy at least once in life. Increasing evidence suggests that air pollution is a primary risk factor that can help explain the increase in incidence of these diseases.

Published
2021
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11. Refining the Baveno VI elastography criteria for the definition of compensated advanced chronic liver disease

Author

Sebastian Mueller, Paul Calès, Omar Elshaarawy, Jérôme Boursier, Emmanuel Tsochatzis, Aleksander Krag, Umberto Arena, Victor de Ledinghen, Margarita Papatheodoridi, Maja Thiele, Massimo Pinzani, Laurent Castera, Edgar Brodkin, George V. Papatheodoridis, Fabio Marra, Georgios Markakis, Jean Baptiste Hiriart, Monica Lupsor-Platon, Audrey Payancé, Vincenza Calvaruso, Fabrizio Bronte, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Papatheodoridi M., Hiriart J.B., Lupsor-Platon M., Bronte F., Boursier J., Elshaarawy O., Marra F., Thiele M., Markakis G., Payance A., Brodkin E., Castera L., Papatheodoridis G., Krag A., Arena U., Mueller S., Cales P., Calvaruso V., de Ledinghen V., Pinzani M., and Tsochatzis E.A.

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Alcoholic liver disease, medicine.medical_specialty, Cirrhosis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Chronic liver disease, Asymptomatic, Gastroenterology, 03 medical and health sciences, Liver disease, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, NAFLD, medicine, Viral hepatitis, 10. No inequality, Portal hypertension, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Cirrhosi, Hepatology, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Fatty liver, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, Fibroscan, Liver biopsy, FIB-4, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, medicine.symptom, Transient elastography, business
Abstract

Background: The Baveno VI consensus proposed a dual liver stiffness (LS) by transient elastography threshold of 15 kPa for excluding and diagnosing compensated advanced chronic liver disease (cACLD) in the absence of other clinical signs. Herein, we aimed to validate these criteria in a real-world multicentre study. Methods: We included 5,648 patients (mean age 51 ± 13 years, 53% males) from 10 European liver centres who had a liver biopsy and LS measurement within 6 months. We included patients with chronic hepatitis C (n = 2,913, 52%), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD, n = 1,073, 19%), alcohol-related liver disease (ALD, n = 946, 17%) or chronic hepatitis B (n = 716, 13%). cACLD was defined as fibrosis stage ≥F3. Results: Overall, 3,606 (66%) and 987 (18%) patients had LS 15 kPa, respectively, while cACLD was histologically confirmed in 1,772 (31%) patients. The cut-offs of 15 kPa showed 75% sensitivity and 96% specificity to exclude and diagnose cACLD, respectively. Examining the ROC curve, a more optimal dual cut-off at 12 kPa, with 91% sensitivity and 92% specificity for excluding and diagnosing cACLD (AUC 0.87; 95% CI 0.86–0.88; p 15 kPa dual cut-offs, we found that the 12 kPa dual cut-offs have better diagnostic accuracy in cACLD. Lay summary: The term compensated advanced chronic liver disease (cACLD) was introduced in 2015 to describe the spectrum of advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis in asymptomatic patients. It was also suggested that cACLD could be diagnosed or ruled out based on specific liver stiffness values, which can be non-invasively measured by transient elastography. Herein, we assessed the suggested cut-off values and identified alternative values that offered better overall accuracy for diagnosing or ruling out cACLD.

Published
2021
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12. Lower Crustal Earthquakes in the March 2018 Sequence Along the Western Margin of Afar

Author

Carolina Pagli, Derek Keir, Cécile Doubre, Alessandro La Rosa, Atalay Ayele, Giacomo Corti, Federico Sani, Sylvie Leroy, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra [Pisa], University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, Institut Terre Environnement Strasbourg (ITES), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra [Firenze] (DST), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), CNR, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerch (Istituto di Geoscienze e Georisorse), Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (iSTeP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institute of Geophysics, Space Sciences and Astronomy [Addis Ababa], and Addis Ababa University (AAU)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, east-african earthquakes, southern Red-sea, radar interferometry, continental breakup, depth distribution, ambient noise, rift, depression, seismicity, tectonics, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, deep seismicity, 01 natural sciences, Afar, Sequence (geology), Paleontology, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Geochemistry and Petrology, Margin (machine learning), [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], rift margins, Geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

During the evolution of continental rift systems, extension is thought to progressively focus in-rift to the future breakup boundary while faults along the rift margins progressively deactivate. However, observational constraints on how strain is partitioned between rift axis and rift margins are still lacking. The Afar rift records the latest stages of rifting and incipient continental breakup. Here, we analyzed the recent M W 5.2 earthquake on the Western Afar Margin on March 24, 2018 and the associated seismic sequence of >500 earthquakes using 24 temporary seismic stations deployed during 2017–2018. We show seismicity occurring at lower crustal depths, from ∼15 to ∼30 km, with focal mechanisms and relocated earthquakes highlighting both west-dipping and east-dipping normal faults. We tested earthquake depth using InSAR by processing six independent interferograms using Sentinel-1 data acquired from both ascending and descending tracks. None of them shows evidence of surface deformation. We tested possible ranges of depth by producing forward models for a fault located at progressively increasing depths. Models show that surface deformation is not significant for fault slip at depths greater than 15 km, in agreement with the hypocentral depth of 19 km derived from seismic data for the largest earthquake. Due to the localized nature of deep earthquakes near hot springs coupled with subsurface evidence for magmatism, we favor an interpretation of seismicity induced by migrating fluids such as magma or CO 2. We suggest that deep fluid migration can occur at the rifted-margin influencing seismicity during incipient continental rupture.

Published
2021
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13. The protease-inhibitor serpinB3 as a critical modulator of the stem-like subset in human cholangiocarcinoma

Author

Giuliana Cavalloni, Monika Lewinska, Mirella Pastore, Patrizia Pontisso, Jesper B. Andersen, Andrea Cappon, Fabio Marra, M. Correnti, B. Piombanti, Guido Torzilli, Laurent Sulpice, Alessandra Biasiolo, Giulia Lori, Patricia Munoz-Garrido, Santina Quarta, Cédric Coulouarn, Matteo Fassan, D. Vpn Oliveira, C. Casini Raggi, Pietro Invernizzi, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center [Rozzano, Milan, Italy], Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), IT University of Copenhagen (ITU), Chemistry, Oncogenesis, Stress and Signaling (COSS), Université de Rennes (UR)-CRLCC Eugène Marquis (CRLCC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CRLCC Eugène Marquis (CRLCC), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Nutrition, Métabolismes et Cancer (NuMeCan), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Istituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), Universita degli Studi di Padova, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), IT University of Copenhagen, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CRLCC Eugène Marquis (CRLCC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), and Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB)

Subjects
Hepatology, business.industry, Gastroenterology, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Protease inhibitor (biology), 3. Good health, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Cancer research, Medicine, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, medicine.drug
Abstract

International audience

Published
2021
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14. A core seed endophytic bacterial community in the hyperaccumulator Noccaea caerulescens across 14 sites in France

Author

Thibault Sterckeman, Andrea Coppi, Pierre Leglize, Cristina Gonnelli, Giovanni Bacci, Alexis Durand, Emile Benizri, Laboratoire Sols et Environnement (LSE), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Firmicutes, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, Soil Science, Plant Science, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 01 natural sciences, Actinobacteria, Botany, Extreme environment, Ecosystem, Hyperaccumulator, Microbiome, Relative species abundance, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 2. Zero hunger, biology, Phylum, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 010606 plant biology & botany, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract

Seed endophytic bacterial (SEB) communities have been little studied to date, although these microorganisms may assist seeds and seedlings to cope with environmental stresses. Hyperaccumulators have become models for studying plant adaptation to extreme environments, such as metalliferous soils. This work aims to characterize the endophytic bacterial communities associated with hyperaccumulating seeds collected from their native ecosystems (nonmetalliferous or calamine soils). Using 16S rRNA metabarcoding, endophytic bacterial communities were characterized for seeds from 14 Noccaea caerulescens populations. Plant genomes and environmental properties of the sites had previously been described. In all plant populations the metabarcoding revealed a large SEB core microbiome composed of the main phyla and sub-phyla: ɣ-Proteobacteria (56.56%) > α-Proteobacteria (32.23%) > Actinobacteria (7.93%) > Firmicutes (3.78%). According to the literature, some operational taxonomic units (OTUs) found in the core microbiome may be related to “plant growth promoting endophytes” (PGPE). The changes in the relative abundance of phyla/subphyla were correlated to altitude, pH, and soil exchangeable elements (Al, Mg, Cd, Mn, Zn), yet the main parameters observed to drive SEB diversity were the plants’ genetics. The distinction between populations based on calamine soils and nonmetalliferous soils failed to explain the SEB communities’ structural dissimilarities. In fact, the factor that best explained these dissimilarities was the plant’s genetic subunit. Future research, based on transcriptomic approaches, should study the ecological roles of the SEB communities and their involvement in the adaptation of hyperaccumulators to metalliferous soils.

Published
2021
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15. A Scaled and Adaptive FISTA Algorithm for Signal-Dependent Sparse Image Super-Resolution Problems

Author

Claudio Estatico, Simone Rebegoldi, Luca Calatroni, Marta Lazzaretti, Università degli studi di Genova = University of Genoa (UniGe), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), Morphologie et Images (MORPHEME), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut de Biologie Valrose (IBV), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Signal, Images et Systèmes (Laboratoire I3S - SIS), Laboratoire d'Informatique, Signaux, et Systèmes de Sophia Antipolis (I3S), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Laboratoire d'Informatique, Signaux, et Systèmes de Sophia Antipolis (I3S), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LC and SR acknowledge the support of the IEA CNRS grant VaMOS., European Project: 777826,NoMADS(2018), DIMA Mathematics Department, University of Genoa, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Signal, Images et Systèmes (Laboratoire I3S - SIS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), DIMA, Università di Genova, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Signal, Images et Systèmes (Laboratoire I3S - SIS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Laboratoire d'Informatique, Signaux, et Systèmes de Sophia Antipolis (I3S), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Sparse image, Computer science, Sparse optimization, 010103 numerical & computational mathematics, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Regularization (mathematics), Convergence (routing), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], 0101 mathematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Noise (signal processing), Backtracking, Variable metric, Function (mathematics), Solver, Scaled FISTA, Computer Science::Numerical Analysis, [INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], Convex optimization, Inertial forward-backward splitting, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, [MATH.MATH-OC]Mathematics [math]/Optimization and Control [math.OC], Sparse super-resolution, Algorithm, [MATH.MATH-NA]Mathematics [math]/Numerical Analysis [math.NA]
Abstract

International audience; We propose a scaled adaptive version of the Fast Iterative Soft-Thresholding Algorithm, named S-FISTA, for the efficient solution of convex optimization problems with sparsity-enforcing regularization. S-FISTA couples a non-monotone backtracking procedure with a scaling strategy for the proximal–gradient step, which is particularly effective in situations where signal-dependent noise is present in the data. The proposed algorithm is tested on some image super-resolution problems where a sparsity-promoting regularization term is coupled with a weighted- ℓ2 data fidelity. Our numerical experiments show that S-FISTA allows for faster convergence in function values with respect to standard FISTA, as well as being an efficient inner solver for iteratively reweighted ℓ1 algorithms, thus reducing the overall computational times.

Published
2021
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16. Monoclinic–Orthorhombic Phase Transition with a Positive Volume Change in the Siliceous Zeolite Mobil-Five Induced by the High-Pressure Insertion of Dense Fluid Helium

Author

Julien Haines, Mario Santoro, Konstantin Glazyrin, Weiwei Dong, European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Hamburg] (DESY), Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier (ICGM ICMMM), and Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)

Subjects
Diffraction, Phase transition, Materials science, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Degree (temperature), law, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, ddc:530, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Zeolite, Helium, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Synchrotron, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, General Energy, chemistry, Orthorhombic crystal system, 0210 nano-technology, Monoclinic crystal system
Abstract

The journal of physical chemistry / C 125(43), 24249 - 24253 (2021). doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c07791, Synchrotron X-ray diffraction was used to investigate the insertion of helium in the archetypal siliceous zeolite Mobil-Five (MFI). Due to the very high degree of helium penetration into the pores and the framework, the monoclinic form of MFI is stabilized over a large pressure interval, and the compressibility is much lower than when the pores are empty or filled with any other guest molecules or atoms except hydrogen. The structure of MFI transformed from monoclinic P2$_1$/n to orthorhombic Pnma with a discontinuous volume increase of 3% at pressures close to 10 GPa due to the filling process. The material is highly strained at pressures above 42 GPa but remains crystalline. The strain is released on decompression and a highly crystalline material is recovered., Published by Soc., Washington, DC

Published
2021
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17. Insertion of Oxygen and Nitrogen in the Siliceous Zeolite TON at High Pressure

Author

Marta Morana, Kamil Dziubek, Mario Santoro, Roberto Bini, Gaston Garbarino, Demetrio Scelta, Federico A. Gorelli, Julien Haines, Francesco Di Renzo, Arie van der Lee, Jérôme Rouquette, Benoit Coasne, European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier (ICGM ICMMM), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), European Synchroton Radiation Facility [Grenoble] (ESRF), Institut Européen des membranes (IEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique [Saint Martin d’Hères] (LIPhy ), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)

Subjects
Materials science, chemistry.chemical_element, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Diamond anvil cell, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, General Energy, Chemical engineering, chemistry, High pressure, 0103 physical sciences, Ton, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Diatomic molecules, Filling behavior, Orientational orderings, Oxygen and nitrogens, Per unit, Pore system, Siliceous zeolite, 010306 general physics, Porous medium, Zeolite, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

The insertion of oxygen and nitrogen molecules in the one-dimensional (1D) pore system of the zeolite TON was studied at high pressure by vibrational spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Monte Carlo (MC) molecular modeling. Rietveld refinements and MC modeling indicate that, on average, six diatomic molecules per unit cell enter the pores of the zeolite. This induces changes in compressibility and distortion related to the Cmc21-to-Pbn21 phase transition compared to the empty-pore material. The filling behavior with N2 and O2 under pressure is similar to that of argon, suggesting that the kinetic diameter, which is very close in these three systems, plays a major role. The orientation of the diatomic molecules appears to have a rather minor effect on filling occurring at a slightly higher pressure for N2, which has a larger kinetic diameter. Both inserted molecules, initially not showing any marked orientation, begin to exhibit a degree of orientational order above 2 GPa.

Published
2021
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18. Biphasic activation of survival and death pathways in Arabidopsis thaliana cultured cells by sorbitol-induced hyperosmotic stress

Author

Aurélien Dauphin, Patrice Meimoun, Patrick Laurenti, Takashi Kadono, Sylvie Cangémi, Rafik Errakhi, David Reboutier, Stefano Mancuso, Emanuela Monetti, Arnaud Lehner, Hayat El-Maarouf-Bouteau, François Bouteau, Tingting Zhao, Daniel Tran, Delphine Arbelet-Bonnin, Tomonori Kawano, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain (LIED (UMR_8236)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Electrophysiologie des Membranes (LEM) EA 3514, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Laboratoire de Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale (Glyco-MEV), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement [Paris] (LBD), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), university of kytakyushu, Université de Florence, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Programmed cell death, [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, Osmotic shock, Population, Arabidopsis, Apoptosis, Plant Science, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, [SDV.BC.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Subcellular Processes [q-bio.SC], 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Osmoregulation, Osmotic Pressure, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], [SDV.BC.IC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Cell Behavior [q-bio.CB], Genetics, Arabidopsis thaliana, Sorbitol, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM], education, [SDV.BDD]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology, Cells, Cultured, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Cell Proliferation, chemistry.chemical_classification, education.field_of_study, Reactive oxygen species, biology, Superoxide, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, General Medicine, Anion channel activity, biology.organism_classification, Cell biology, [SDV.BV.PEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy, [SDV.BV.AP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Plant breeding, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Hyperosmotic stresses represent some of the most serious abiotic factors that adversely affect plants growth, development and fitness. Despite their central role, the early cellular events that lead to plant adaptive responses remain largely unknown. In this study, using Arabidopsis thaliana cultured cells we analyzed early cellular responses to sorbitol-induced hyperosmotic stress. We observed biphasic and dual responses of A. thaliana cultured cells to sorbitol-induced hyperosmotic stress. A first set of events, namely singlet oxygen (1O2) production and cell hyperpolarization due to a decrease in anion channel activity could participate to signaling and osmotic adjustment allowing cell adaptation and survival. A second set of events, namely superoxide anion (O2-) production by RBOHD-NADPH-oxidases and SLAC1 anion channel activation could participate in programmed cell death (PCD) of a part of the cell population. This set of events raises the question of how a survival pathway and a death pathway could be induced by the same hyperosmotic condition and what could be the meaning of the induction of two different behaviors in response to hyperosmotic stress.

Published
2021

19. Concerns about reported harvests in European forests

Author

Pieter Johannes Verkerk, Gherardo Chirici, Antti Asikainen, Bas Lerink, Antoni Trasobares, Peter Potapov, Janis Donis, Thomas A. M. Pugh, Hervé Jactel, Ruben Valbuena, Minna Korhonen, Tomáš Hlásny, Jonas Fridman, Rupert Seidl, Gert-Jan Nabuurs, Håkan Olsson, Jürgen Bauhus, Marco Marchetti, Róbert Marušák, Jonathan P. Sadler, Davide Ascoli, Marc Palahí, Göran Berndes, Marc Hanewinkel, Cornelius Senf, Saverio Francini, Nezha Acil, Barry Gardiner, Douglas Sheil, Margarida Tomé, Lauri Hetemäki, José Ramón González Olabarria, Marcus Lindner, European Forest Institute (EFI), Bangor University, Technical University of Munich (TUM), University of Birmingham [Birmingham], School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences [Birmingham], University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System, Institut Européen de la Forêt Cultivée, Partenaires INRAE, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Joint Research Unit CTFC – AGROTECNIO, Solsona, Spain, University of Turin, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Chalmers University of Technology [Gothenburg, Sweden], Latvian State Forest Research Institute 'Silava', Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Molise [Campobasso] (UNIMOL), University of Molise, Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), and Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Multidisciplinary, Vegetation, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, MEDLINE, 15. Life on land, PE&RC, 01 natural sciences, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, Geography, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Life Science, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Environmental impact assessment, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Environmental planning, Vegetatie, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 010606 plant biology & botany, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Ceccherini et al.1 reported an abrupt increase in harvested forest—in terms of both biomass and area—in Europe from 2016, and suggested that this reflected expanding wood markets encouraged by the bioeconomy policies of the European Union (EU). They used Global Forest Watch2 and GlobBiomass3 data together with an analysis that sought to remove natural disturbances from forest losses, which overall resulted in estimates of 49% for the increase in harvested forest area and 69% for the increase in harvested forest biomass. We argue that the reported changes reflect analytical artefacts, with inconsistencies in the forest change time series, misattribution of natural disturbances as harvests, and a lack of causality with the suggested bioeconomy policy frameworks. There is an urgent need to re-examine available forest information that can accurately and reliably inform the ongoing policy discussions in the framework of the EU Green Deal, particularly the upcoming post-2020 EU Forest Strategy.

Published
2021
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20. Social Dynamics and Resource Management Strategies in Copper Age Italy: Insights from Archaeological and Isotopic Data

Author

Mary Anne Tafuri, Alfredo Coppa, Gwenaëlle Goude, Cecilia Conati Barbaro, Jacopo Moggi-Cecchi, Francesca Alhaique, Antonio Tagliacozzo, Sara Bernardini, Laboratoire méditerranéen de préhistoire Europe-Afrique (LAMPEA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), Servizio di Bioarcheologia, Museo delle Civiltà, Rome, Italy, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], and Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI)

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Archeology, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), 01 natural sciences, Rinaldone culture, Kinship, stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes, 0601 history and archaeology, Resource management, kinship, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, palaeodiet, prehistoric societies, Gaudo culture, 060102 archaeology, business.industry, Environmental resource management, 06 humanities and the arts, Chalcolithic, Social dynamics, Geography, business
Abstract

Although the amount of data on the Italian Copper Age has increased significantly in the last decades, little is known about the relationship between humans and the environment. Material culture su...

Published
2021
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21. Internal Numerical Simulation of a Swirl Simplex Atomizer to Predict Atomization Outputs

Author

Diego Ferrando, Bruno Renou, Marcos Carreres, Benjamin Duret, Julien Reveillon, M. Belmar-Gil, Lorenzo Palanti, François-Xavier Demoulin, David Cervelló-Sanz, Complexe de recherche interprofessionnel en aérothermochimie (CORIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), CMT-motores termicos, Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Université de Florence, and Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI)

Subjects
swirl-simplex-atomizer, two-phase flow, numerical simulation,atomization, Physics, Simplex, Computer simulation, Mechanics, [PHYS.MECA.MEFL]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Fluid mechanics [physics.class-ph], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Numerical simulation of injectors could help improving their designs. In particular, a two-phase flow simulation of a swirl simplex atomizer allows computing the main characteristic parameters such as the spray cone angle, the fuel sheet thickness and the air core diameter. This work describes an attempt to go a step further to characterize atomization and spray characteristics with the ultimate goal to predict the spray distribution in terms of size and velocity. A commercial injector has been used in the CORIA Rouen Spray Burner (CRSB) set up to study turbulent spray combustion. This experiment has produced a well-documented database for the last two TCS workshops (see TCS 6 and 7 at http://www.tcs-workshop.org/). Even though spray measurements are used to define the fuel injection in combustion numerical simulations, the spray injection characteristics remain the main cause of uncertainties. The present work aims at answering this question: Is it possible to complete our knowledge of spray injection by numerical simulation of the full atomization process? The first challenge is to measure the inner geometry. Standards techniques such as X-ray tomography and microscopy have been applied. In order to accurately reproduce the internal throat and swirl chamber, additional measurements have been performed by silicon molding, leading to the definition of a nominal geometry that can be used for further CFD simulation. The second challenge is to produce a mesh regular enough to be compatible with the interface capturing method. Several mesh strategies have been tested starting from the swirl chamber with very thin mesh layers to capture the liquid film at the injector wall and to describe the external liquid sheet. Then, a third challenge concerns the numerical simulation itself, since it must handle the multi-scale nature of such flows until the formation of the spray. A nonreactive condition has been tested with the interFoam solver (OpenFOAM library) in a Large Eddy Simulation (LES) framework. Eventually, the last challenge is to build an analysis to connect the numerical simulation that is limited to the close vicinity of the injector and the experimental measurements that are rejected farther downstream on the dispersed spray. This last step is based on the analysis of the surface curvature distribution that is described with more detail on another presentation at this ICLASS conference.

Published
2021
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22. Climate variability during MIS 20–18 as recorded by alkenone-SST and calcareous plankton in the Ionian Basin (central Mediterranean)

Author

Marina Addante, Maria Marino, Ornella Quivelli, Salvatore Gallicchio, Angela Girone, Franck Bassinot, Neri Ciaranfi, Adele Bertini, Patrizia Maiorano, Pietro Bazzicalupo, Timothy D Herbert, Sébastien Nomade, University of Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), Brown University, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Paléocéanographie (PALEOCEAN), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra [Firenze] (DST), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro = University of Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI)

Subjects
Marine isotope stage, Mediterranean climate, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 010506 paleontology, Paleontology, Sapropel, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Mediterranean Basin, Sea surface temperature, 13. Climate action, 14. Life underwater, Stadial, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Geology, Sea level, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Teleconnection
Abstract

This study shows the first Mediterranean high-resolution record of alkenone-derived sea surface temperature (SST) in the marine sediments outcropping at the Ideale section (IS) (southern Italy, central Mediterranean) from late marine isotope stage (MIS) 20 - through early MIS 18. The SST pattern evidences glacial-interglacial up to submillennial-scale temperature variation, with lower values (~13 °C) in late MIS 20 and substage 19b, and higher values (up to 21 °C) in MIS 19c and in the interstadials of MIS 19a. The SST data are combined with the new calcareous plankton analysis and the available, chronologically well-constrained carbon and oxygen isotope records in the IS. The multi-proxy approach, together with the location of the IS near the Italian coasts, the lower circalittoral-upper bathyal depositional setting, and high sedimentation rate allow to document long-and short-term paleoenvironmental modifications (sea level, rainfall, inorganic/organic/fresh water input to the basin), as a response to regional and global climate changes. The combined proxies reveal the occurrence of a terminal stadial event in late MIS 20 (here Med-HTIX), and warm-cold episodes (here Med-BATIX and Med-YDTIX) during Termination IX (TIX), which recall those that occurred through the last termination (TI). During these periods and the following ghost sapropel layer (insolation cycle 74, 784 ka) in the early MIS 19, high frequency internal changes are synchronously recorded by all proxies. The substage MIS 19c is warm but quite unstable, with several episodes of paleoenvironmental changes, associated with fluctuating tropical-subtropical water inflow through the Gibraltar Strait, variations of the cyclonic regime in the Ionian basin, and the southward shift of westerly winds and winter precipitation over southern Europe and Mediterranean basin. Three high-amplitude millennial-scale oscillations in the patterns of SST and calcareous plankton key taxa during MIS 19a are interpreted as linked to changes in temperature as well as in salinity due to periodical water column stratification and mixing. The main processes involved in the climate variability include changes in oceanographic exchanges through the Gibraltar Strait during modulations of Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and/or variations in atmospheric dynamics related to the influence of westerly and polar winds acting in the paleo-Ionian basin. A strong climate teleconnection between the North Atlantic and Mediterranean is discussed, and a prominent role of atmospheric processes in the central Mediterranean is evidenced by comparing data sets at the IS with Italian and extra-Mediterranean marine and terrestrial records.

Published
2020
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23. Clinicogenomic factors of biotherapy immunogenicity in autoimmune disease: A prospective multicohort study of the ABIRISK consortium

Author

Caroline Trang, Salima Hacein-Bey Abina, Malin Ryner, Florian Deisenhammer, Manuel Comabella, Abiba Doukani, Philippe Broët, Anna Fogdell-Hahn, Julianne Duhaze, Hans-Peter Hartung, Clemens Warnke, Natacha Szely, Delphine Bachelet, Alessandra Vultaggio, Bernd C. Kieseier, Sebastian Spindeldreher, Olivier Brocq, Poul Erik Hyldgaard-Jensen, Michael Auer, Marc Pallardy, Matthieu Allez, Mary Birchler, Tom W J Huizinga, Yehuda Chowers, Yoram Bouhnik, Dorothea Buck-Martin, Elizabeth C. Jury, Amy Loercher, Dan Sikkema, Aude Gleizes, Tobias Derfuss, Jessica J Manson, Guillaume Cadiot, Claudia Sievers, Michael Khalil, Naoimh Donnellan, Raija L.P. Lindberg, Agnès Hincelin Mery, Badreddine Mohand Oumoussa, Enrico Maggi, Martin Soubrier, Kathleen Ingenhoven, Orhan Aktas, Sophie Tourdot, Xavier Montalban, Maria Nachury, Niek de Vries, Timothy P. Hickling, Christophe Richez, Bernhard Hemmer, Franck Carbonnel, Finn Sellebjerg, Jérôme Avouac, Petra Nytrova, Xavier Mariette, Anna Lauren, Signe Hässler, Pierre Dönnes, Eva Havrdova, Michael Guger, Claudia Mauri, BRUNEL, Nadège, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Immunologie - Immunopathologie - Immunothérapie [CHU Pitié Salpêtrière] (I3), CHU Charles Foix [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut de médecine et d'épidémiologie appliquée [AP-HP Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard] (IMEA), AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), CHU Sainte Justine [Montréal], Université Paris-Saclay, AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), Unité de Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la Santé (UTCBS - UM 4 (UMR 8258 / U1022)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf = Heinrich Heine University [Düsseldorf], Innsbruck Medical University = Medizinische Universität Innsbruck (IMU), Université Paris Cité - UFR Médecine [Santé] (UPCité UFR Médecine), Université Paris Cité (UPCité), GlaxoSmithKline, Glaxo Smith Kline, Hôpital Beaujon, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Hôpital Princesse Grace [Monaco], Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Hôpital universitaire Robert Debré [Reims], University of Haifa [Haifa], Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), University Hospital Basel [Basel], VU University Medical Center [Amsterdam], Royal Berkshire Hospital, Plateforme Post-génomique de la Pitié-Salpêtrière (PASS-P3S), Unité Mixte de Service Production et Analyse de données en Sciences de la vie et en Santé (PASS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Kepler University Hospital, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Charles University [Prague] (CU), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Rigshospitalet [Copenhagen], Copenhagen University Hospital, University College of London [London] (UCL), Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Malmö Högskola = Malmö University, University of Basel (Unibas), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), University College London Hospitals (UCLH), Service des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif et de la Nutrition [CHRU Lille], Hôpital Claude Huriez [Lille], CHU Lille-CHU Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), CHU de Bordeaux Pellegrin [Bordeaux], Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université de Florence, Fachhochschule Köln, University of Skövde [Sweden], Pfizer, SANOFI Recherche, Hopital Saint-Louis [AP-HP] (AP-HP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Paris (UP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Dusseldorf, Innsbruck Medical University [Austria] (IMU), Université de Paris - UFR Médecine Paris Centre [Santé] (UP Médecine Paris Centre), Université de Paris (UP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Karl-Franzens-Universität [Graz, Autriche], Malmø University, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), University of Graz, AII - Inflammatory diseases, and Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology

Subjects
Male, Physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms, Autoimmune Diseases/drug therapy, Biological Therapy/methods, Arthritis, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Biochemistry, Inflammatory bowel disease, Etanercept, Arthritis, Rheumatoid, Cohort Studies, chemistry.chemical_compound, Medical Conditions, 0302 clinical medicine, Crohn Disease, Antibiotics, Immune Physiology, Medicine and Health Sciences, Prospective Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Immune System Proteins, Antimicrobials, Drugs, Neurodegenerative Diseases, General Medicine, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Biological Therapy, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use, Neurology, Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy, Rheumatoid arthritis, Genome-Wide Association Study/methods, Medicine, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Female, Rituximab, Immunosuppressive Agents, Interferon beta-1a, Research Article, medicine.drug, Adult, Multiple Sclerosis, [SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Immunology, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, Microbiology, Antibodies, HLA-DQ alpha-Chains, Autoimmune Diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Tocilizumab, Rheumatology, Adalimumab/therapeutic use, Microbial Control, HLA-DQ alpha-Chains/genetics, Rituximab/therapeutic use, Genetics, medicine, Adalimumab, Humans, Antigens, Biological Products/immunology, Pharmacology, Biological Products, Interferon beta-1a/therapeutic use, business.industry, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Biology and Life Sciences, Proteins, medicine.disease, Demyelinating Disorders, Infliximab, Minor allele frequency, Infliximab/therapeutic use, chemistry, Crohn Disease/drug therapy, Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use, Multiple Sclerosis/drug therapy, Clinical Immunology, Colitis, Ulcerative, Clinical Medicine, Colitis, Ulcerative/drug therapy, business, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

Background Biopharmaceutical products (BPs) are widely used to treat autoimmune diseases, but immunogenicity limits their efficacy for an important proportion of patients. Our knowledge of patient-related factors influencing the occurrence of antidrug antibodies (ADAs) is still limited. Methods and findings The European consortium ABIRISK (Anti-Biopharmaceutical Immunization: prediction and analysis of clinical relevance to minimize the RISK) conducted a clinical and genomic multicohort prospective study of 560 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS, n = 147), rheumatoid arthritis (RA, n = 229), Crohn’s disease (n = 148), or ulcerative colitis (n = 36) treated with 8 different biopharmaceuticals (etanercept, n = 84; infliximab, n = 101; adalimumab, n = 153; interferon [IFN]-beta-1a intramuscularly [IM], n = 38; IFN-beta-1a subcutaneously [SC], n = 68; IFN-beta-1b SC, n = 41; rituximab, n = 31; tocilizumab, n = 44) and followed during the first 12 months of therapy for time to ADA development. From the bioclinical data collected, we explored the relationships between patient-related factors and the occurrence of ADAs. Both baseline and time-dependent factors such as concomitant medications were analyzed using Cox proportional hazard regression models. Mean age and disease duration were 35.1 and 0.85 years, respectively, for MS; 54.2 and 3.17 years for RA; and 36.9 and 3.69 years for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). In a multivariate Cox regression model including each of the clinical and genetic factors mentioned hereafter, among the clinical factors, immunosuppressants (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 0.408 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.253–0.657], p < 0.001) and antibiotics (aHR = 0.121 [0.0437–0.333], p < 0.0001) were independently negatively associated with time to ADA development, whereas infections during the study (aHR = 2.757 [1.616–4.704], p < 0.001) and tobacco smoking (aHR = 2.150 [1.319–3.503], p < 0.01) were positively associated. 351,824 Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) and 38 imputed Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) alleles were analyzed through a genome-wide association study. We found that the HLA-DQA1*05 allele significantly increased the rate of immunogenicity (aHR = 3.9 [1.923–5.976], p < 0.0001 for the homozygotes). Among the 6 genetic variants selected at a 20% false discovery rate (FDR) threshold, the minor allele of rs10508884, which is situated in an intron of the CXCL12 gene, increased the rate of immunogenicity (aHR = 3.804 [2.139–6.764], p < 1 × 10−5 for patients homozygous for the minor allele) and was chosen for validation through a CXCL12 protein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on patient serum at baseline before therapy start. CXCL12 protein levels were higher for patients homozygous for the minor allele carrying higher ADA risk (mean: 2,693 pg/ml) than for the other genotypes (mean: 2,317 pg/ml; p = 0.014), and patients with CXCL12 levels above the median in serum were more prone to develop ADAs (aHR = 2.329 [1.106–4.90], p = 0.026). A limitation of the study is the lack of replication; therefore, other studies are required to confirm our findings. Conclusion In our study, we found that immunosuppressants and antibiotics were associated with decreased risk of ADA development, whereas tobacco smoking and infections during the study were associated with increased risk. We found that the HLA-DQA1*05 allele was associated with an increased rate of immunogenicity. Moreover, our results suggest a relationship between CXCL12 production and ADA development independent of the disease, which is consistent with its known function in affinity maturation of antibodies and plasma cell survival. Our findings may help physicians in the management of patients receiving biotherapies., In a multicohort prospective study of patients from 12 countries, Signe Hässler and colleagues investigate clinical and genetic factors associated with development of anti-biopharmaceutical drug antibodies in patients with autoimmune diseases., Author summary Why was this study done? Biopharmaceutical products such as monoclonal antibodies are widely used to treat autoimmune diseases. Biopharmaceutical products may induce the development of antidrug antibodies, which often lead to therapy failure. Patient-related factors that influence the development of antidrug antibodies need to be characterized. What did the researchers do and find? We set up a European multicohort prospective study on 4 autoimmune diseases (multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease, and ulcerative colitis) treated with 8 different biopharmaceutical products. We collected demographic and clinical data and tested antidrug antibodies in longitudinal serum samples from 560 patients. For 457 patients who gave consent, we also collected genetic data. We identified antibiotics and immunosuppressants as negatively associated risk factors and heavy smoking, infections during the study, the HLA-DQA1*05 allele and a minor variant in the CXCL12 chemokine gene associated with increased protein expression as risk factors of antidrug antibody development. What do these findings mean? Our findings suggest that the combination of immunosuppressant and biopharmaceutical therapy could be associated with decreased risk of antidrug antibody occurrence, which has implications for rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel diseases, for which immunosuppressants are often, but not always, given together with biopharmaceuticals. Patients heterozygotes or homozygotes for the HLA-DQA1*05 allele may have an increased risk of antidrug antibody occurrence associated with biopharmaceutical therapy. The small study size warrants a validation through independent studies, in particular for the genetic findings.

Published
2020
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24. Smell and taste changes are early indicators of the COVID-19 pandemic and political decision effectiveness

Author

Thierry Letellier, Jody Pacalon, Omar Alva, Keiland W. Cooper, Valentina Parma, Maëlle Moranges, Margit Heiske, Marylou Mantel, Camille Ferdenzi, Emmanuelle Bignon, Julie Kabous, Veronica Pereda-Loth, Erminio Monteleone, Moustafa Bensafi, Caterina Dinnella, John E. Hayes, Elizabeth Sell, Thierry Thomas-Danguin, Renaud David, Michael C. Farruggia, Alyssa J. Bakke, Sara Spinelli, Jérôme Golebiowski, Denis Pierron, Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse (AMIS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie de Nice (ICN), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), Yale University [New Haven], University of California (UC), University of Pennsylvania, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, Temple University, EXTREM-O (CNRS MITI), CONFINEZ2 (CNES), the CORODORAT grant (IDEX-Lyon-Université de Lyon)., Nature Research, ANR-15-IDEX-0001,UCA JEDI,Idex UCA JEDI(2015), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), University of California, University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], Julien, Sabine, and Idex UCA JEDI - - UCA JEDI2015 - ANR-15-IDEX-0001 - IDEX - VALID

Subjects
Epidemiology, General Physics and Astronomy, [SCCO]Cognitive science, Olfaction Disorders, Taste Disorders, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Covid-19, taste alteration, smell alteration, early indicators, lockdown, Pandemic, lcsh:Science, 030223 otorhinolaryngology, Enforcement, skin and connective tissue diseases, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, Taste (sociology), 3. Good health, Hospitalization, Italy, [SDV.MHEP.OS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Sensory Organs, Epidemiological Monitoring, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, France, Coronavirus Infections, Psychology, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), media_common.quotation_subject, Science, Pneumonia, Viral, Population, Policy and public health in microbiology, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Betacoronavirus, 03 medical and health sciences, Politics, Intensive care, Environmental health, Humans, [SDV.MHEP.OS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Sensory Organs, education, Pandemics, SARS-CoV-2, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, COVID-19, General Chemistry, Olfactory system, United Kingdom, [SDV.AEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Communicable Disease Control, lcsh:Q, Self Report, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, many governments have taken drastic measures to avoid an overflow of intensive care units. Accurate metrics of disease spread are critical for the reopening strategies. Here, we show that self-reports of smell/taste changes are more closely associated with hospital overload and are earlier markers of the spread of infection of SARS-CoV-2 than current governmental indicators. We also report a decrease in self-reports of new onset smell/taste changes as early as 5 days after lockdown enforcement. Cross-country comparisons demonstrate that countries that adopted the most stringent lockdown measures had faster declines in new reports of smell/taste changes following lockdown than a country that adopted less stringent lockdown measures. We propose that an increase in the incidence of sudden smell and taste change in the general population may be used as an indicator of COVID-19 spread in the population., Syndromic surveillance for COVID-19 could help to identify areas with increasing transmission. Here, the authors show that increased reports of changes in smell and taste measured at the population level are correlated with the increased COVID-19-related hospital admissions.

Published
2020
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25. The primary cilium and lipophagy translate mechanical forces to direct metabolic adaptation of kidney epithelial cells

Author

Christine Leroy, Gérard Friedlander, Martine Burtin, Caterina Miceli, Fabiola Terzi, Ivan Nemazanyy, Federica Roccio, Marco Pontoglio, Patrice Codogno, Etienne Morel, Nicolas Dupont, Lucille Penalva-Mousset, Nicolas Kuperwasser, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Institut Necker Enfants-Malades (INEM - UM 111 (UMR 8253 / U1151)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker (SFR Necker - UMS 3633 / US24), and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)

Subjects
Cellular adaptation, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Kidney, Cell Line, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, Adenosine Triphosphate, 0302 clinical medicine, Autophagy, Animals, Cilia, Cytoskeleton, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Chemistry, Cilium, Gluconeogenesis, Kidney metabolism, Epithelial Cells, Translation (biology), Lipid metabolism, Cell Biology, Lipid Metabolism, Mitochondria, Cell biology, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Glucose, Mitochondrial biogenesis, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Stress, Mechanical
Abstract

Organs and cells must adapt to shear stress induced by biological fluids, but how fluid flow contributes to the execution of specific cell programs is poorly understood. Here we show that shear stress favours mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolic reprogramming to ensure energy production and cellular adaptation in kidney epithelial cells. Shear stress stimulates lipophagy, contributing to the production of fatty acids that provide mitochondrial substrates to generate ATP through β-oxidation. This flow-induced process is dependent on the primary cilia located on the apical side of epithelial cells. The interplay between fluid flow and lipid metabolism was confirmed in vivo using a unilateral ureteral obstruction mouse model. Finally, primary cilium-dependent lipophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis are required to support energy-consuming cellular processes such as glucose reabsorption, gluconeogenesis and cytoskeletal remodelling. Our findings demonstrate how primary cilia and autophagy are involved in the translation of mechanical forces into metabolic adaptation.

Published
2020
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26. Biagioniite, Tl 2 SbS 2 , from the Hemlo gold deposit, Marathon, Ontario, Canada: occurrence and crystal structure

Author

Yves Moëlo, Luca Bindi, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra [Firenze] (DST), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)

Subjects
Materials science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Crystal structure, Electron microprobe, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Aurostibite, Crystallography, chemistry.chemical_compound, Stibarsen, chemistry, Antimony, Geochemistry and Petrology, engineering, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Pleochroism, Isostructural, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Monoclinic crystal system
Abstract

Biagioniite, ideally Tl2SbS2, is a new mineral from the Hemlo gold deposit, Marathon, Ontario, Canada. It occurs as very rare anhedral crystals up to 65 μm across associated with aurostibite, stibarsen and native gold in a calcite matrix. Biagioniite is opaque with a metallic lustre and shows a black streak. In reflected light biagioniite is moderately bireflectant and not pleochroic. Under crossed polars it is weakly anisotropic with blueish to light-blue rotation tints. Internal reflections are absent.Reflectance percentages for the four standard wavelengths (RminandRmax) are 35.9 and 37.5 (471.1 nm); 34.7 and 36.2 (548.3 nm); 33.8 and 35.3 (586.6 nm); and 31.5 and 33.7 (652.3 nm), respectively. A mean of four electron microprobe analyses gave: Tl 65.12(31), Ag 3.52(9), Sb 20.22(12), S 10.80(8), total 99.66 wt.%, corresponding, on the basis of a total of 5 atoms, to (Tl1.87Ag0.19)Σ2.06Sb0.97S1.97. Biagioniite is monoclinic, space groupPc, witha= 11.0895(9),b= 14.3124(11),c= 7.9352(6) Å, β = 96.230(8)°,V= 1252.02(17) Å3andZ= 8. The four strongest powder-diffraction lines [din Å (I/I0) (hkl)] are: 3.56 (100) (310); 3.37 (75) ($\bar{2}$31); 3.79 (60) (012); 3.03 (60) (032). In the crystal structure [R1= 0.024 for 2655 reflections withI> 2σ(I)], thallium adopts various coordinations extending from quasi-linear to quasi-tetrahedral. Antimony forms Sb–Sb pairs, which lead to the formula [Tl+1]4[Sb2]4+[S2–]4. Biagioniite is isostructural with dervillite, Ag2AsS2. The new mineral has been approved by the International Mineralogical Association Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification (IMA2019–120) and named for Cristian Biagioni, Associate Professor of Mineralogy at the Department of Earth Sciences of the University of Pisa, Italy.

Published
2020
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27. High intensity ignimbritic activity in the Central sector of the Main Ethiopian Rift

Author

Zara Franceschini, Federico Sani, Abate Assen Melaku, Giacomo Corti, Stéphane Scaillet, Raffaello Cioni, Bruno Scaillet, Gaëlle Prouteau, University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géodynamique - UMR7327, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Paleontology, Rift, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], High intensity, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 15. Life on land, Geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

The volcano-tectonic evolution of the Main Ethiopian Rift (MER) is punctuated with periods of intense silicic volcanism, characterized by large explosive caldera-forming eruptions and the production of several ignimbrite deposits. These volcanic paroxysms require large volume of evolved silicic magma accumulated in shallow chambers into the continental crust; however, the relations between magmatism and tectonics during rifting, and the influence of the distribution and timing of regional tectonics on the ascent of magma and its stalling in large magmatic reservoirs remain poorly defined.We present new geochronological data (40Ar/39Ar dataset of 29 samples) providing new constraints on the timing, evolution and characteristics of volcanism in the Central sector of the MER, where large ignimbrite deposits and remnants of several calderas testify the recurrence of silicic flare-ups. Specifically, we investigate in detail the eastern margin of the rift, where a voluminous, widespread, crystal-rich ignimbrite (Munesa Crystal Tuff, MCT) has been described. This deposit has been correlated to a thick ignimbrite occurring at the bottom of geothermal wells in the rift, pointing to a giant eruptive event attributed to a huge caldera structure, presumably buried beneath the rift floor. At least other two widespread ignimbrite units are present along the same margin for several tens of kilometres, testifying the high volcanicity of this sector of the MER.Our survey and analyses suggest that, at least in the eastern margin of the rift, activity was clustered in periods of large magma production and emission, resulting in the recurrence of intense volcanic phases interspersed with periods of rest of volcanism. Ignimbrites and other volcanic deposits occur in the investigated area, spanning an age interval from 3.5 Ma to as recent as 150 ka. The MCT emission, around 3.5 Ma, was followed, after a long quiescence, by an important phase with the emplacement of both mafic (lava flows and scoria cone) and evolved (ignimbrites) products between 1.9-1.6 Ma. After that, volcanism occurred more frequently, possibly with a lower amount of erupted magma and still alternating with quiescent periods, with volcanism clusters at ~ 1.3-1.2 Ma, ~ 0.8-0.7 Ma and ~ 0.3-0.2 Ma. This clustered volcanic activity will be compared with the episodic rifting of this sector of the Main Ethiopian Rift.

Published
2020
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28. Quantum dynamics of a single molecule magnet on superconducting Pb(111)

Author

Anne-Laure Barra, Philippe Sainctavit, Brunetto Cortigiani, Andrea Sorrentino, Sebastian Loth, Alessandro Vindigni, Roberta Sessoli, Matteo Briganti, Giuseppe Cucinotta, Federico Totti, Giulia Serrano, Andrea Cornia, Edwige Otero, Francesca Parenti, Lorenzo Poggini, Matteo Mannini, Luigi Malavolti, Dipartimento di Chimica 'U. Schiff' and UdR INSTM, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de minéralogie et de physique des milieux condensés (IMPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire national des champs magnétiques intenses - Grenoble (LNCMI-G ), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratorium für Festkörperphysik, Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées

Subjects
Superconductivity, Materials science, Condensed matter physics, Magnetism, Mechanical Engineering, Quantum dynamics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ATM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atomic and Molecular Clusters [physics.atm-clus], 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Quantum technology, Magnetization, Mechanics of Materials, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, Magnet, General Materials Science, Single-molecule magnet, 0210 nano-technology, Quantum tunnelling, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Magnetic materials interfaced with superconductors may reveal new physical phenomena with potential for quantum technologies. The use of molecules as magnetic components has already shown great promise, but the diversity of properties offered by the molecular realm remains largely unexplored. Here we investigate a submonolayer of tetrairon(iii) propeller-shaped single molecule magnets deposited on a superconducting lead surface. This material combination reveals a strong influence of the superconductor on the spin dynamics of the single molecule magnet. It is shown that the superconducting transition to the condensate state switches the single molecule magnet from a blocked magnetization state to a resonant quantum tunnelling regime. Our results open perspectives to control single molecule magnetism via superconductors and to use single molecule magnets as local probes of the superconducting state. A superconducting transition is used to switch a single molecule magnet from a blocked magnetization state to a resonant quantum tunnelling regime

Published
2020
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29. Pharmacogenomics education in medical and pharmacy schools: conclusions of a global survey

Author

Chiara Di Resta, Ivan Brandslund, Christodoulos S. Flordellis, Julia C. Stingl, Pieter Vermeersch, Ingolf Cascorbi, George Dedoussis, Adrián LLerena, Sofia Siest, Irena Prodan Žitnik, Uwe Fuhr, Janja Marc, Jeantine E. Lunshof, Mario Pazzagli, David Gurwitz, Nataša Karas Kuželički, Maurizio Simmaco, Personalized Therapy, Vangelis G. Manolopoulos, Marc Ansari, Ron H.N. van Schaik, Matthias Schwab, University of Ljubljana, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University [Tel Aviv], Kiel University, Interactions Gène-Environnement en Physiopathologie Cardio-Vasculaire (IGE-PCV), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Hôpital Universitaire de Genève, Faculté de médecine [Genève], Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Universita Vita Salute San Raffaele = Vita-Salute San Raffaele University [Milan, Italie] (UniSR), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute [Milan, Italie], Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute for Clinical Pharmacology [Stuttgart], University of Tübingen, University Hospitals Leuven [Leuven], University Medical Center Groningen [Groningen] (UMCG), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Harokopio University of Athens, University of Patras [Patras], University of Cologne, Universitätsklinikum Bonn (UKB), Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), Democritus University of Thrace (DUTH), Clinical Chemistry, Karas Kuželički, Nataša, Prodan Žitnik, Irena, Gurwitz, David, Llerena, Adrian, Cascorbi, Ingolf, Siest, Sofia, Simmaco, Maurizio, Ansari, Marc, Pazzagli, Mario, Di Resta, Chiara, Brandslund, Ivan, Schwab, Matthia, Vermeersch, Pieter, Lunshof, Jeantine E, Dedoussis, George, Flordellis, Christodoulos S, Fuhr, Uwe, Stingl, Julia C, van Schaik, Ron Hn, Manolopoulos, Vangelis G, and Marc, Janja

Subjects
medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Pharmacy, Global survey, Recommendations, 030226 pharmacology & pharmacy, PHYSICIANS, 0302 clinical medicine, Surveys and Questionnaires, Pharmacology & Pharmacy, Schools, Medical, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, education, 0303 health sciences, ddc:618, CHALLENGES, Education, Medical, 4. Education, Health professions, 3. Good health, Molecular Medicine, Medicine, Curriculum, Psychology, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, pharmacy, pharmacogenomic, global survey, Education, 03 medical and health sciences, FUTURE, Genetics, KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, 030304 developmental biology, pharmacogenomics, HEALTH-CARE PROFESSIONALS, Pharmacology, Medical education, Science & Technology, US, business.industry, Education, Pharmacy, Pharmacogenetics, Schools, Pharmacy, Pharmacogenomics, recommendations, PERSONALIZED MEDICINE, business
Abstract

Aim: The need for pharmacogenomic education is becoming more and more urgent. Our aim was to evaluate the progress in pharmacogenomics education since then, and to put forward further recommendations. Methods: A survey was sent to 248 schools of medicine, pharmacy, nursing and health professions around the world. Results: The majority of the study programs (87%) include pharmacogenomics education, which is generally taught as part of the pharmacology curriculum. On average, educators and teachers have selected appropriate and highly relevant pharmacogenomics biomarkers to include in their teaching programs. Conclusions: Based on the results, we can conclude that the state of pharmacogenomics education at the surveyed universities has improved substantially since 2005. ispartof: PHARMACOGENOMICS vol:20 issue:9 pages:643-657 ispartof: location:England status: published

Published
2019
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30. Non-Lorentzian local density of states in coupled photonic crystal cavities probed by near- and far-field emission

Author

Dario Balestri, Tong Wu, Nicoletta Granchi, Francesco Pagliano, Daniele Pellegrino, Philippe Lalanne, Andrei Yu. Silov, Kevin Vynck, Frank W. Otten, Massimo Gurioli, Andrea Fiore, Francesca Intonti, Matteo Ciardi, Eindhoven University of Technology [Eindhoven] (TU/e), European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Laboratoire Photonique, Numérique et Nanosciences (LP2N), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LP2N_A2, LP2N_G6, ANR-18-CE24-0026,NOMOS,Meta-optique non linéaire(2018), ANR-18-CE47-0006,I-SQUAD,Boîte et molécule quantiques semi-conductrices localisées pour l'optique quantique intégrée(2018), European Project: 828890,NARCISO, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), Semiconductor Nanophotonics, Photonics and Semiconductor Nanophysics, Semiconductor Nanostructures and Impurities, Physics of Semiconductor Nanostructures, Eindhoven Hendrik Casimir institute, and Center for Quantum Materials and Technology Eindhoven

Subjects
Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Photoluminescence, Local density of states, Resolution (electron density), Physics::Optics, General Physics and Astronomy, Near and far field, 01 natural sciences, Computational physics, Quality (physics), Quantum dot, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Line (formation), Photonic crystal
Abstract

Recent theories proposed a deep revision of the well-known expression for the Purcell factor, with counterintuitive effects, such as complex modal volumes and non-Lorentzian local density of states. We experimentally demonstrate these predictions in tailored coupled cavities on photonic crystal slabs with relatively low optical losses. Near-field hyperspectral imaging of quantum dot photoluminescence is proved to be a direct tool for measuring the line shape of the local density of states. The experimental results clearly evidence non-Lorentzian character, in perfect agreement with numerical and theoretical predictions. Spatial maps with deep subwavelength resolution of the real and imaginary parts of the complex mode volumes are presented. The generality of these results is confirmed by an additional set of far-field and time-resolved experiments in cavities with larger modal volume and higher quality factors.

Published
2020
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31. Spectral Doppler Measurements With 2-D Sparse Arrays

Author

Emmanuel Roux, Paolo Mattesini, Piero Tortoli, Alessandro Ramalli, Lorena Petrusca, Herve Liebgott, Olivier Basser, Department of Information Engineering [Firenze], Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), RMN et optique : De la mesure au biomarqueur, Centre de Recherche en Acquisition et Traitement de l'Image pour la Santé (CREATIS), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Imagerie Ultrasonore, and Université de Florence

Subjects
Acoustics and Ultrasonics, Acoustics, Spectral doppler, Doppler measurements, chemistry.chemical_element, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, 03 medical and health sciences, symbols.namesake, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 0302 clinical medicine, Sparse array, 0103 physical sciences, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 010301 acoustics, Instrumentation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Physics, [SPI.ACOU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], Bandwidth (signal processing), Grid, Hafnium, chemistry, symbols, Doppler effect, 2-D arrays, 3-D imaging, sparse arrays, spectral Doppler measurements
Abstract

The 2-D sparse arrays, in which a few hundreds of elements are distributed on the probe surface according to an optimization procedure, represent an alternative to full 2-D arrays, including thousands of elements usually organized in a grid. Sparse arrays have already been used in B-mode imaging tests, but their application to Doppler investigations has not been reported yet. Since the sparsity of the elements influences the acoustic field, a corresponding influence on the mean frequency (Fm), bandwidth (BW), and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the Doppler spectra is expected. This article aims to assess, by simulations and experiments, to what extent the use of a sparse rather than a full gridded 2-D array has an impact on spectral Doppler measurements. Parabolic flows were investigated by a 3 MHz, 1024-element gridded array and by a sparse array; the latter was obtained by properly selecting a subgroup of 256 elements from the full array. Simulations show that the mean Doppler frequency does not change between the sparse and the full array while there are significant differences on the BW (average reduction of 17.2% for the sparse array, due to different apertures of the two probes) and on the signal power (Ps) (22 dB, due to the different number of active elements). These results are confirmed by flow phantom experiments, which also highlight that the most critical difference between sparse and full gridded array in Doppler measurements is in terms of SNR (-16.8 dB). ispartof: IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL vol:67 issue:2 pages:278-285 ispartof: location:United States status: published

Published
2020
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32. An attempt to predict spray characteristics at early stage of the atomization process by using surface density and curvature distribution

Author

Stefano Puggelli, Julien Reveillon, Lorenzo Palanti, François-Xavier Demoulin, Bernard Duret, L. Langone, Antonio Andreini, Université de Florence, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Complexe de recherche interprofessionnel en aérothermochimie (CORIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), and Normandie Université (NU)

Subjects
Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes, Surface (mathematics), Spray characteristics, Work (thermodynamics), Materials science, 020209 energy, Mechanical Engineering, Flow (psychology), Process (computing), General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, Mechanics, Curvature, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Transformation (function), 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Point (geometry), [PHYS.MECA.MEFL]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Fluid mechanics [physics.class-ph], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Nowadays, numerical simulations of atomization has reached a mature state through interface capturing approaches. With these approaches, the liquid–gas flow with its complex interface morphology can be precisely described but at the price of high mesh resolution, that makes these simulations very intensive in terms of computational cost. Practically, for most of the injection system, it is not possible to achieve a simulation up to a point where the spray formation is completed. Thus, there are several attempts based on the transformation of liquid elements such as ligaments, liquid sheet or other non-spherical to equivalent droplets. Overall, these approaches assumed that before the complete finalization of the atomization process the spray under formation carries enough information to be representative of the final spray. In this work, we have pushed this idea a step further by using global variables such as the liquid volume fraction and the surface density available in ELSA models to ensure the transports and the conservation of the main features of the spray. Then, the surface curvature distribution is analysed assuming that a part of the interface carries already curvatures that are relevant with respect to the final spray. A well-known academic test case representative of an aeronautical injection system and based on a planar prefilmer atomizer with a gas co-flow has been selected to evaluate our proposal. This configuration was studied both experimentally and numerically thanks to high-fidelity simulations. Our purpose has been to follow the already validated numerical approaches but with less computationally intensive simulations. Then, new analysis based on surface density and surface curvature distribution have been tested to recover spray characteristics and even the spray diameter distribution. It appears that these variables are meaningful even when there is no droplet yet formed, and thus they allow the description of the full atomization process from the early stage even on the liquid film. Finally, a procedure has been proposed where the spray is sufficiently atomized to reconstruct the diameter distribution from the curvature distribution. At our best knowledge, this last step is a first attempt on practical injection system. We have proposed a very simple method to detect which part of the interface carries the relevant curvature, thus obtaining a reconstructed diameter distribution that fit well with available experimental data. Although the proposed approach cannot be still considered universally applicable to any case, this preliminary assessment clearly shows its potential.

Published
2022
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33. A partial Homo pelvis from the Early Pleistocene of Eritrea

Author

Sergio Almécija, Roberto Macchiarelli, Ashley S. Hammond, Lorenzo Rook, Yosief Libsekal, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), and Université de Poitiers-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, Most recent common ancestor, Early Pleistocene, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Pleistocene, Range (biology), Postcrania, Pubic symphysis, Eritrea, Pelvis, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Animals, 0601 history and archaeology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Morphometrics, 060101 anthropology, biology, Fossils, Pubic Symphysis, Hominidae, 06 humanities and the arts, biology.organism_classification, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Evolutionary biology, Anthropology, Female, Homo erectus
Abstract

Here we analyze 1.07–0.99 million-year-old pelvic remains UA 173/405 from Buia, Eritrea. Based on size metrics, UA 173/405 is likely associated with an already described pubic symphysis (UA 466) found nearby. The morphology of UA 173/405 was quantitatively characterized using three-dimensional landmark-based morphometrics and linear data. The Buia specimen falls within the range of variation of modern humans for all metrics investigated, making it unlikely that the shared last common ancestor of Late Pleistocene Homo species would have had an australopith-like pelvis. The discovery of UA 173/405 adds to the increasing number of fossils suggesting that the postcranial morphology of Homo erectus s.l. was variable and, in some cases, nearly indistinguishable from modern human morphology. This Eritrean fossil demonstrates that modern human-like pelvic morphology may have had origins in the Early Pleistocene, potentially within later African H. erectus.

Published
2018
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34. Ultralow-temperature device dedicated to soft X-ray magnetic circular dichroism experiments

Author

Philippe Ohresser, Florian Leduc, B. Gobaut, Giulia Serrano, B. Muller, Roberta Sessoli, Loïc Joly, Andrea Cornia, Matteo Mannini, M.-A. Arrio, Fabrice Scheurer, E. Lhotel, Guy Schmerber, Lorenzo Poggini, Edwige Otero, Weicheng Li, Jean-Paul Kappler, Ph. Sainctavit, Fadi Choueikani, Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CFD Lab [Montréal], Department of Mechanical Engineering [Montréal], McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Groupe de spectrométrie moléculaire et atmosphérique (GSMA), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Magnétisme et Supraconductivité (MagSup ), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia (UNIMORE), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), and Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, Absorption spectroscopy, Magnetism, Instrumentation, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 02 engineering and technology, Radiation, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Optics, soft X-rays, law, ultralow-temperature, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, business.industry, Magnetic circular dichroism, XMCD, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Research Papers, Synchrotron, 0104 chemical sciences, Magnetic field, Beamline, magnetism, Physics::Accelerator Physics, [PHYS.COND.CM-SCE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Strongly Correlated Electrons [cond-mat.str-el], 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

A new ultralow-temperature setup dedicated to soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism experiments is described. Two experiments, performed on the DEIMOS beamline (SOLEIL synchrotron), demonstrate the outstanding performances of this new platform, particularly with regard to the lowest achievable temperature under X-ray irradiation (T = 220 mK)., A new ultralow-temperature setup dedicated to soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) experiments is described. Two experiments, performed on the DEIMOS beamline (SOLEIL synchrotron), demonstrate the outstanding performance of this new platform in terms of the lowest achievable temperature under X-ray irradiation (T = 220 mK), the precision in controlling the temperature during measurements as well as the speed of the cooling-down and warming-up procedures. Moreover, owing to the new design of the setup, the eddy-current power is strongly reduced, allowing fast scanning of the magnetic field in XMCD experiments; these performances lead to a powerful device for X-ray spectroscopies on synchrotron-radiation beamlines facilities.

Published
2018
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35. Solvent Effects on the Actinic Step of Donor-Acceptor Stenhouse Adduct Photoswitching

Author

Paolo Foggi, Mariangela Di Donato, Wybren Jan Buma, Michael M. Lerch, Wiktor Szymanski, Andrea Lapini, Adèle D. Laurent, Miroslav Medved, Laura Bussotti, Ben L. Feringa, Alessandro Iagatti, Molecular Spectroscopy (HIMS, FNWI), Synthetic Organic Chemistry, ​Basic and Translational Research and Imaging Methodology Development in Groningen (BRIDGE), Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong [Australia], European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité : Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation (CEISAM), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Matej Bel University (UMB), Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Dipartimento di Chimica [Perugia], and Università degli Studi di Perugia (UNIPG)

Subjects
spectroscopy, MOLECULAR SWITCHES, Kinetics, solvent effects, Photochemistry, 010402 general chemistry, SHEDDING LIGHT, 01 natural sciences, Catalysis, Adduct, DESIGN, TARGETS, PHOTOPHARMACOLOGY, donor-acceptor Stenhouse adducts, Spectroscopy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, visible light, Molecular switch, Chemistry, donor–acceptor Stenhouse adducts, photoswitches, Chemistry (all), 010405 organic chemistry, Communication, Solvatochromism, General Chemistry, General Medicine, Communications, 0104 chemical sciences, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, Solvent, Solvent effects, VISIBLE-LIGHT, Visible spectrum
Abstract

Donor–acceptor Stenhouse adducts (DASAs) are negative photochromes that switch with visible light and are highly promising for applications ranging from smart materials to biological systems. However, the strong solvent dependence of the photoswitching kinetics limits their application. The nature of the photoswitching mechanism in different solvents is key for addressing the solvatochromism of DASAs, but as yet has remained elusive. Here, we employ spectroscopic analyses and TD‐DFT calculations to reveal changing solvatochromic shifts and energies of the species involved in DASA photoswitching. Time‐resolved visible pump‐probe spectroscopy suggests that the primary photochemical step remains the same, irrespective of the polarity and protic nature of the solvent. Disentangling the different factors determining the solvent‐dependence of DASA photoswitching, presented here, is crucial for the rational development of applications in a wide range of different media.

Published
2018
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36. Straight motion of half-integer topological defects in thin Fe-N magnetic films with stripe domains

Author

Maria Gloria Pini, Silvia Tacchi, Mahmoud Eddrief, L. C. Garnier, Diego Bisero, Angelo Rettori, Raffaele Silvani, C. Hepburn, Massimiliano Marangolo, Samuele Fin, Franck Fortuna, Università degli Studi di Ferrara (UniFE), Unità di Perugia- Dipartimento di Fisica, Croissance et propriétés de systèmes hybrides en couches minces (INSP-E8), Institut des Nanosciences de Paris (INSP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Science et Ingénierie des Matériaux et Procédés (SIMaP ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CSNSM PS2, Centre de Spectrométrie Nucléaire et de Spectrométrie de Masse (CSNSM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, du Métabolisme et de la Nutrition = Institute of cardiometabolism and nutrition (ICAN), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Universitaria di Ferrara, Centre de Sciences Nucléaires et de Sciences de la Matière (CSNSM), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Spectrométrie Nucléaire et de Spectrométrie de Masse (CSNSM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)

Subjects
Spintronica, skyrmions, lcsh:Medicine, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Article, NO, Topological defect, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, 0103 physical sciences, patterns, 010306 general physics, lcsh:Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Topological quantum number, Physics, Multidisciplinary, Condensed matter physics, lcsh:R, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Coupling (probability), Dynamics, Magnetic field, Dipole, Ferromagnetism, Remanence, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], lcsh:Q, phases, Magnetic force microscope, 0210 nano-technology, magnetic properties and materials, magnetic surfaces interfaces and thin films
Abstract

In thin magnetic films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, a periodic “up-down” stripe-domain structure can be originated at remanence, on a mesoscopic scale (~100 nm) comparable with film thickness, by the competition between short-range exchange coupling and long-range dipolar interaction. However, translational order is perturbed because magnetic edge dislocations are spontaneously nucleated. Such topological defects play an important role in magnetic films since they promote the in-plane magnetization reversal of stripes and, in superconductor/ferromagnet hybrids, the creation of superconducting vortex clusters. Combining magnetic force microscopy experiments and micromagnetic simulations, we investigated the motion of two classes of magnetic edge dislocations, randomly distributed in an $${{\rm{N}}}_{2}^{+}$$ N 2 + -implanted Fe film. They were found to move in opposite directions along straight trajectories parallel to the stripes axis, when driven by a moderate dc magnetic field. Using the approximate Thiele equation, analytical expressions for the forces acting on such magnetic defects and a microscopic explanation for the direction of their motion could be obtained. Straight trajectories are related to the presence of a periodic stripe domain pattern, which imposes the gyrotropic force to vanish even if a nonzero, half-integer topological charge is carried by the defects in some layers across the film thickness.

Published
2018
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37. Tracing Fire in Early European Prehistory: Microcharcoal Quantification in Geological and Archaeological Records from Molise (Southern Italy)

Author

Marta Arzarello, Vincent Lebreton, C. Stirparo, Nathalie Combourieu-Nebout, E. Russo Ermolli, Adele Bertini, Ronan Orain, Carlo Peretto, M. Vivarelli, Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra [Firenze] (DST), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Lebreton, V., Bertini, A., Russo Ermolli, E., Stirparo, C., Orain, R., Vivarelli, M., Combourieu-Nebout, N., Peretto, C., and Arzarello, M.

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Archeology, Middle Pleistocene, Archeology (arts and humanities), [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Context (archaeology), Pleistocene, Socio-culturale, Wildfire, Structural basin, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Archaeology, Prehistory, Archaeobotany, Fire use, Lower Palaeolithic, Fire control, Geography, Paleoethnobotany, Trampling, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Acheulean, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Fire control and conservation is a major innovation of early prehistory. It is evidenced on Early Palaeolithic sites in western Eurasia dating to between 400 and 300 ka. In southern Italy, a large group of open-air Acheulean sites, dated from 680 to 300 ka, attests to the early settlement and long-standing human occupation of the region since the Early-Middle Pleistocene. To date, these sites have yielded no evidence for early fire use. This observation raises the question of charcoal fragmentation and dispersion in the context of open-air sites. In order to diagnose early fire use on Palaeolithic sites, a protocol for the quantification of microcharcoal has been standardised. The quantification of microcharcoal has already been applied to Middle Pleistocene geological sediments and Early Palaeolithic archaeological deposits to evaluate the wildfire background and the potential use of fire by hominins. This study focuses on the Early-Middle Pleistocene (780–500 ka) and the late Middle Pleistocene (500–300 ka). It is based on microcharcoal analyses from the Boiano Basin (Campochiaro and S1 cores) as well as from the archaeological sites of Isernia La Pineta and Guado San Nicola. Wildfire background is recorded in the basin infill although runoff and long-distance transport to the basin may be responsible for the small-size particles and low concentrations observed. Fire use by hominins has not been identified in the archaeological layers from the Early Palaeolithic and the small size of the particles might be related to trampling by humans or animals. Notwithstanding the large group of archaeological sites in southern Italy, the low density of hominin populations constitutes a limitation to the dissemination of innovative techniques and new knowledge during the Early Palaeolithic.

Published
2018
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38. Tailoring Photoisomerization Pathways in Donor-Acceptor Stenhouse Adducts: The Role of the Hydroxy Group

Author

Paolo Foggi, Michael M. Lerch, Ben L. Feringa, Andrea Lapini, Wiktor Szymanski, Mariangela Di Donato, Wybren Jan Buma, Laura Bussotti, Adèle D. Laurent, Miroslav Medved, Alessandro Iagatti, Molecular Spectroscopy (HIMS, FNWI), Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong [Australia], European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité : Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation (CEISAM), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Dipartimento di Chimica [Perugia], Università degli Studi di Perugia (UNIPG), Synthetic Organic Chemistry, and ​Basic and Translational Research and Imaging Methodology Development in Groningen (BRIDGE)

Subjects
CYANINE DYES, MECHANISM, Photoisomerization, PIANCATELLI REARRANGEMENT, Phot, 010402 general chemistry, Photochemistry, 01 natural sciences, Adduct, PROBES, DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY, chemistry.chemical_compound, CHEMISTRY, PHOTOPHARMACOLOGY, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Cyanine, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, EXCITED-STATES, VISIBLE-LIGHT, PHOTOSWITCH, Photoswitch, 010405 organic chemistry, Polyene, Fluorescence, 0104 chemical sciences, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, chemistry, Proton NMR
Abstract

Donor–acceptor Stenhouse adducts (DASAs) are a rapidly emerging class of visible light-activatable negative photochromes. They are closely related to (mero)cyanine dyes with the sole difference being a hydroxy group in the polyene chain. The presence or absence of the hydroxy group has far-reaching consequences for the photochemistry of the compound: cyanine dyes are widely used as fluorescent probes, whereas DASAs hold great promise for visible light-triggered photoswitching. Here we analyze the photophysical properties of a DASA lacking the hydroxy group. Ultrafast time-resolved pump–probe spectroscopy in both the visible and IR region show the occurrence of E–Z photoisomerization on a 20 ps time scale, similar to the photochemical behavior of DASAs, but on a slower time scale. In contrast to the parent DASA compounds, where the initial photoisomerization is constrained to a single position (next to the hydroxy group), 1H NMR in situ-irradiation studies at 213 K reveal that for nonhydroxy DASAs E–Z photoisomerization can take place at two different bonds, yielding two distinct isomers. These observations are supported by TD-DFT calculations, showing that in the excited state the hydroxy group (pre)selects the neighboring C2–C3 bond for isomerization. The TD-DFT analysis also explains the larger solvatochromic shift observed for the parent DASAs as compared to the nonhydroxy analogue, in terms of the dipole moment changes evoked upon excitation. Furthermore, computations provide helpful insights into the photoswitching energetics, indicating that without the hydroxy group the 4π-electrocyclization step is energetically forbidden. Our results establish the central role of the hydroxy group for DASA photoswitching and suggest that its introduction allows for tailoring photoisomerization pathways, presumably both through (steric) fixation via a hydrogen bond with the adjacent carbonyl group of the acceptor moiety, as well as through electronic effects on the polyene backbone. These insights are essential for the rational design of novel, improved DASA photoswitches and for a better understanding of the properties of both DASAs and cyanine dyes.

Published
2018
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39. Shedding Light on the Photoisomerization Pathway of Donor-Acceptor Stenhouse Adducts

Author

Michael M. Lerch, Wiktor Szymanski, Alessandro Iagatti, Mariangela Di Donato, Paolo Foggi, Denis Jacquemin, Laura Bussotti, Ben L. Feringa, Andrea Lapini, Miroslav Medved, Svante P. Ihrig, Wybren Jan Buma, Adèle D. Laurent, Molecular Spectroscopy (HIMS, FNWI), European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong [Australia], Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité : Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation (CEISAM), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Université de Nantes (UN), Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Dipartimento di Chimica [Perugia], Università degli Studi di Perugia (UNIPG), Synthetic Organic Chemistry, and ​Basic and Translational Research and Imaging Methodology Development in Groningen (BRIDGE)

Subjects
MOLECULAR SWITCHES, Photoisomerization, Kinetics, Infrared spectroscopy, PHOTOSWITCHES, 010402 general chemistry, Photochemistry, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Catalysis, Adduct, INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY, Colloid and Surface Chemistry, SPECTRA, PHOTOPHARMACOLOGY, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Molecular switch, ISOMERIZATION, IR pump-probe spectroscopy, 010405 organic chemistry, Chemistry, Communication, General Chemistry, 0104 chemical sciences, RESPONSIVE POLYMER, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, VISIBLE-LIGHT, SYSTEM, Excited state, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Isomerization, Visible spectrum
Abstract

Donor-acceptor Stenhouse adducts (DASAs) are negative photochromes that hold great promise for a variety of applications. Key to optimizing their switching properties is a detailed understanding of the photoswitching mechanism, which, as yet, is absent. Here we characterize the actinic step of DASA-photoswitching and its key intermediate, which was studied using a combination of ultrafast visible and IR pump-probe spectroscopies and TD-DFT calculations. Comparison of the time-resolved IR spectra with DFT computations allowed to unambiguously identify the structure of the intermediate, confirming that light absorption induces a sequential reaction path in which a Z-E photoisomerization of C2-C3 is followed by a rotation around C3-C4 and a subsequent thermal cyclization step. First and second-generation DASAs share a common photoisomerization mechanism in chlorinated solvents with notable differences in kinetics and lifetimes of the excited states. The photogenerated intermediate of the second-generation DASA was photo-accumulated at low temperature and probed with time-resolved spectroscopy, demonstrating the photoreversibility of the isomerization process. Taken together, these results provide a detailed picture of the DASA isomerization pathway on a molecular level.

Published
2017
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40. Unconventional Pd@Sulfonated Silica Monoliths Catalysts for Selective Partial Hydrogenation Reactions under Continuous Flow

Author

Vladimiro Dal Santo, Elisa Passaglia, Anne Galarneau, Francesca Liguori, Bilel Said, Alessandro Feis, Pierluigi Barbaro, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organo Metallici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier (ICGM ICMMM), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', and Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI)

Subjects
Materials science, chemistry.chemical_element, 010402 general chemistry, Crystal engineering, Heterogeneous catalysis, 01 natural sciences, Catalysis, Inorganic Chemistry, Partial hydrogenation, Organic chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, silica monolith, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 010405 organic chemistry, Continuous flow, Organic Chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 0104 chemical sciences, Chemical engineering, chemistry, hydrogenation, Selectivity, Mesoporous material, continuous-flow reactor, Palladium
Abstract

Doubly functionalized, hierarchical-porosity silica monoliths were synthesized by postgrafting of sulfonic groups and in situ growth of Pd nanoparticles in that order. PdNP of 3.1 nm size located in the mesopores of the material showed to be evenly distributed within 4.6 % wt Pd monoliths. The system was explored in the continuous-flow, catalytic partial hydrogenation reaction of 3-halogeno-nitrobenzenes and 3-hexyn-1-ol in the liquid phase, showing remarkable conversion, selectivity, and resistance under very mild conditions.

Published
2017
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41. A Computational Model of Interactions Between Neuronal and Astrocytic Networks: The Role of Astrocytes in the Stability of the Neuronal Firing Rate

Author

Lenk, Kerstin, Satuvuori, Eero, Lallouette, Jules, Ladrón-De-Guevara, Antonio, Berry, Hugues, Hyttinen, Jari, BioMediTech Institute [Tampere], University of Tampere [Finland], Institute for Complex Systems [Rome] (CNR - ISC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Artificial Evolution and Computational Biology (BEAGLE), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire d'InfoRmatique en Image et Systèmes d'information (LIRIS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Laboratoire d'InfoRmatique en Image et Systèmes d'information (LIRIS), AMS - Fundamental Research, Coordination Dynamics, National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
astrocyte, nervous system, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, network, calcium signaling, simulation, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, gliotransmission, neuron, Neuroscience, Original Research
Abstract

Recent research in neuroscience indicates the importance of tripartite synapses and gliotransmission mediated by astrocytes in neuronal system modulation. Although the astrocyte and neuronal network functions are interrelated, they are fundamentally different in their signaling patterns and, possibly, the time scales at which they operate. However, the exact nature of gliotransmission and the effect of the tripartite synapse function at the network level are currently elusive. In this paper, we propose a computational model of interactions between an astrocyte network and a neuron network, starting from tripartite synapses and spanning to a joint network level. Our model focuses on a two-dimensional setup emulating a mixed in vitro neuron-astrocyte cell culture. The model depicts astrocyte-released gliotransmitters exerting opposing effects on the neurons: increasing the release probability of the presynaptic neuron while hyperpolarizing the post-synaptic one at a longer time scale. We simulated the joint networks with various levels of astrocyte contributions and neuronal activity levels. Our results indicate that astrocytes prolong the burst duration of neurons, while restricting hyperactivity. Thus, in our model, the effect of astrocytes is homeostatic; the firing rate of the network stabilizes to an intermediate level independently of neuronal base activity. Our computational model highlights the plausible roles of astrocytes in interconnected astrocytic and neuronal networks. Our simulations support recent findings in neurons and astrocytes in vivo and in vitro suggesting that astrocytic networks provide a modulatory role in the bursting of the neuronal network.

Published
2020
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42. The Origin of Magnetic Anisotropy and Single-Molecule Magnet Behavior in Chromium(II)-Based Extended Metal Atom Chains

Author

Alessandro Lunghi, Mathieu Rouzières, Andrea Cornia, Federico Totti, Alessio Nicolini, Rodolphe Clérac, Anne-Laure Barra, Vladimir Bulicanu, Rita Galavotti, Elizabeth A. Hillard, Miguel Cortijo, Lorenzo Sorace, Department of Chemical and Geological Siences, University of Modena and Reggio-Emilia, Laboratoire national des champs magnétiques intenses - Grenoble (LNCMI-G ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal (CRPP), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences [Modena], Trinity College Dublin, Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)

Subjects
010405 organic chemistry, Magnetism, Chemistry, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ATM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atomic and Molecular Clusters [physics.atm-clus], chemistry.chemical_element, 010402 general chemistry, Extended metal atom chains, 01 natural sciences, Article, 0104 chemical sciences, law.invention, Inorganic Chemistry, Crystallography, Magnetic anisotropy, Chromium, law, Single-molecule magnet, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Electron paramagnetic resonance, Anisotropy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Chromium(II)-based extended metal atom chains have been the focus of considerable discussion regarding their symmetric versus unsymmetric structure and magnetism. We have now investigated four complexes of this class, namely, [Cr3(dpa)4X2] and [Cr5(tpda)4X2] with X = Cl– and SCN– [Hdpa = dipyridin-2-yl-amine; H2tpda = N2,N6-di(pyridin-2-yl)pyridine-2,6-diamine]. By dc/ac magnetic techniques and EPR spectroscopy, we found that all these complexes have easy-axis anisotropies of comparable magnitude in their S = 2 ground state (|D| = 1.5–1.8 cm–1) and behave as single-molecule magnets at low T. Ligand-field and DFT/CASSCF calculations were used to explain the similar magnetic properties of tri- versus pentachromium(II) strings, in spite of their different geometrical preferences and electronic structure. For both X ligands, the ground structure is unsymmetric in the pentachromium(II) species (i.e., with an alternation of long and short Cr–Cr distances) but is symmetric in their shorter congeners. Analysis of the electronic structure using quasi-restricted molecular orbitals (QROs) showed that the four unpaired electrons in Cr5 species are largely localized in four 3d-like QROs centered on the terminal, “isolated” Cr2+ ion. In Cr3 complexes, they occupy four nonbonding combinations of 3d-like orbitals centered only on the two terminal metals. In both cases, then, QRO eigenvalues closely mirror the 3d-level pattern of the terminal ions, whose coordination environment remains quite similar irrespective of chain length. We conclude that the extent of unpaired-electron delocalization has little impact on the magnetic anisotropy of these wire-like molecular species., A drastically greater extent of unpaired-electron delocalization occurs in symmetric trichromium versus unsymmetric pentachromium(II) molecular wires, but magnetic anisotropy and slow magnetic relaxation are nevertheless only marginally affected. The key is the similar pattern of molecular orbitals coupled by spin−orbit interaction.

Published
2020
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43. Clinical Efficacy of Serenoa repens Versus Placebo Versus Alpha-blockers for the Treatment of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms/Benign Prostatic Enlargement: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Placebo-controlled Clinical Trials

Author

Russo, Giorgio Ivan, Scandura, Carmen, Di Mauro, Marina, Cacciamani, Giovanni, Albersen, Maarten, Hatzichristodoulou, Georgios, Fode, Mikkel, Capogrosso, Paolo, Cimino, Sebastiano, Marcelissen, Tom, Cornu, Jean Nicolas, Gacci, Mauro, Minervini, Andrea, Cocci, Andrea, European, EAU - YAU, Urology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy, USC Institute of Urology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA, Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium., Department of Urology, Martha-Maria Hospital Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany., Department of Urology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark., Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy., Urology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy., Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Maastricht University [Maastricht], Service d'urologie [Rouen], CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Nutrition, inflammation et dysfonctionnement de l'axe intestin-cerveau (ADEN), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UNIROUEN - UFR Santé (UNIROUEN UFR Santé), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), and European Association of Urology Young Academic Urologists (EAU-YAU) Men’s Health and Functional Urology Working Groups.

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Medical therapy, Urology, Network Meta-Analysis, 030232 urology & nephrology, Prostatic Hyperplasia, Placebo, [SDV.MHEP.UN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Urology and Nephrology, SILODOSIN, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms, Lower urinary tract symptoms, Saw palmetto, Tamsulosin, law, Serenoa, medicine, Humans, 10. No inequality, HYPERPLASIA, Alfuzosin, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Benign prostatic hyperplasia, business.industry, Plant Extracts, Prostate, EXTRACT, MEN, Silodosin, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Treatment Outcome, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, SAFETY, International Prostate Symptom Score, business, medicine.drug, Phytotherapy
Abstract

Context: International guidelines do not make any specific recommendations on Serenoa repens (SeR) for the treatment of male lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) secondary to benign prostatic enlargement (BPE), due to product heterogeneity and methodological limitations of the published trials and meta-analyses.Objective: We aimed to compare the clinical efficacy of hexanic extract of SeR (HESr) versus non-HESr (nHESr) versus placebo versus alpha-blockers (ABs) in patients affected by LUTS secondary to BPE through a network meta-analysis method.Evidence acquisition: The search was conducted until December 31, 2018 using Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases without restriction. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with at least one comparison between SeR, ABs, or placebo for the treatment of LUTS/BPE. Outcomes of the study were the mean change in the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and peak flow (PF). This systematic review has been registered on PROSPERO (CRD42018084360).Evidence synthesis: In total, 2115 articles were identified. After the global assessment, 22 RCTs matched with the inclusion criteria, including 8564 patients. For IPSS, the mean efficacies against placebo were +0.48 and -1.69 for HESr and nHESr, respectively, at 3 mo; 0.59 for nHESr at 6 mo; and -1.31 and -3.30 for nHESrand HESr, respectively, at 12 mo. For PF, the mean efficacies against placebo were +0.53 and +2.82 for HESr and nHESr, respectively, at 3 mo; +1.85 for nHESrat 6 mo; and +4.05 and +5.52 for HESrand nHESr, respectively, at 12 mo. Based on the surface under the cumulative ranking curve rankograms, terazosin showed the highest score (99.6%), whilealfuzosin, tamsulosin, silodosin, HESr, and nHESr showedscores of 53.7%, 42.3%, 68.5%, 36.7%, and 47.3%, respectively.Conclusions: In this network meta-analysis, we demonstrated that SeR did not show clinically meaningful improvement in LUTS and PF.Patient summary: In the present study, we found no clinically meaningful improvement of Serenoa repens for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms/benign prostatic enlargement. The analysis showed that the benefit over placebo was minimal and may not justify its clinical use before higher level of evidence will be available. (C) 2020 European Association of Urology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2020
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44. Aberrant Glycosphingolipid Pattern in Human Cholangiocarcinoma Stem-Like Subsets

Author

Mannini, A., Raggi, C., Correnti, M., Rovida, E., Aureli, M., Carsana, E. V., Piombanti, B., Pastore, M., Andersen, J., Coulouarn, C., Marra, F., Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Universita Vita Salute San Raffaele = Vita-Salute San Raffaele University [Milan, Italie] (UniSR), IT University of Copenhagen, Nutrition, Métabolismes et Cancer (NuMeCan), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), IT University of Copenhagen (ITU), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
cholangiocarcinoma - cancer stem cells - gangliosides - glycosphingolipids, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2020

45. Whole-genome sequencing of European autochthonous and commercial pig breeds allows the detection of signatures of selection for adaptation of genetic resources to different breeding and production systems

Author

Valerio Joe Utzeri, Ana Isabel Fernández, G. Usai, Marjeta Čandek-Potokar, María Muñoz, José Pedro Araújo, Maurizio Gallo, Riccardo Bozzi, Čedomir Radović, Fabián García, Giuseppina Schiavo, Federica Di Palma, Cristina Óvilo, Marie J. Mercat, Juan García-Casco, Christoph Zimmer, Anisa Ribani, Juliette Riquet, Danijel Karolyi, Vladimir Margeta, Samuele Bovo, Luca Fontanesi, Giulia Moscatelli, Radomir Savić, Violeta Razmaite, Estefania Alves, Rui Charneca, J.M. Martins, Raquel Quintanilla, Yolanda Núñez, Graham J Etherington, University of Bologna/Università di Bologna, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria = National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo = Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo (IPVC), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), Kmetijski Institut Slovenije, Partenaires INRAE, Universidade de Évora, Earlham Institute [Norwich], University of Zagreb, Associazione Nazionale Allevatori Suini, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Institut du Porc (IFIP), Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries = Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Institute for Animal Husbandry, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences [Kaunas, Lithuania], Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Belgrade [Belgrade], AGRIS sardegna, Bäuerliche Erzeugergemeinschaft Schwäbisch Hall (BESH), Europe-FAANG COST Action, University of Bologna RFO 2016–2019 programme, European Project: 634476,H2020,H2020-SFS-2014-2,TREASURE(2015), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Producció Animal, Genètica i Millora Animal, University of Bologna, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Bovo S., Ribani A., Munoz M., Alves E., Araujo J.P., Bozzi R., Candek-Potokar M., Charneca R., Di Palma F., Etherington G., Fernandez A.I., Garcia F., Garcia-Casco J., Karolyi D., Gallo M., Margeta V., Martins J.M., Mercat M.J., Moscatelli G., Nunez Y., Quintanilla R., Radovic C., Razmaite V., Riquet J., Savic R., Schiavo G., Usai G., Utzeri V.J., Zimmer C., Ovilo C., and Fontanesi L.

Subjects
Male, Genotyping Techniques, Swine, Acclimatization, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Breeding, Fixation index, Domestication, Chromosome regions, local pig breeds, WGS, genome variability, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, lcsh:SF1-1100, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Genome, biology, Genomics, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, Adaptation, Physiological, Alentejana, Algorithm, Europe, Phenotype, Pigs, Female, Algorithms, SNPs, Research Article, lcsh:QH426-470, Genotype, Whole-genome sequencing, pig, autochthonous breeds, selection, adaptation, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Crossbreed, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetics, Animals, Selection, Genetic, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, Whole genome sequencing, Genetic diversity, Models, Genetic, Whole Genome Sequencing, Animal, Directional selection, 0402 animal and dairy science, biology.organism_classification, 040201 dairy & animal science, Bísaro pig, Alentejano pig, European local breeds, lcsh:Genetics, Evolutionary biology, Genomic, Animal Science and Zoology, lcsh:Animal culture, Genotyping Technique
Abstract

Background Natural and artificial directional selection in cosmopolitan and autochthonous pig breeds and wild boars have shaped their genomes and resulted in a reservoir of animal genetic diversity. Signatures of selection are the result of these selection events that have contributed to the adaptation of breeds to different environments and production systems. In this study, we analysed the genome variability of 19 European autochthonous pig breeds (Alentejana, Bísara, Majorcan Black, Basque, Gascon, Apulo-Calabrese, Casertana, Cinta Senese, Mora Romagnola, Nero Siciliano, Sarda, Krškopolje pig, Black Slavonian, Turopolje, Moravka, Swallow-Bellied Mangalitsa, Schwäbisch-Hällisches Schwein, Lithuanian indigenous wattle and Lithuanian White old type) from nine countries, three European commercial breeds (Italian Large White, Italian Landrace and Italian Duroc), and European wild boars, by mining whole-genome sequencing data obtained by using a DNA-pool sequencing approach. Signatures of selection were identified by using a single-breed approach with two statistics [within-breed pooled heterozygosity (HP) and fixation index (FST)] and group-based FST approaches, which compare groups of breeds defined according to external traits and use/specialization/type. Results We detected more than 22 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the 23 compared populations and identified 359 chromosome regions showing signatures of selection. These regions harbour genes that are already known or new genes that are under selection and relevant for the domestication process in this species, and that affect several morphological and physiological traits (e.g. coat colours and patterns, body size, number of vertebrae and teats, ear size and conformation, reproductive traits, growth and fat deposition traits). Wild boar related signatures of selection were detected across all the genome of several autochthonous breeds, which suggests that crossbreeding (accidental or deliberate) occurred with wild boars. Conclusions Our findings provide a catalogue of genetic variants of many European pig populations and identify genome regions that can explain, at least in part, the phenotypic diversity of these genetic resources.

Published
2020
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46. Truly Scalable K-Truss and Max-Truss Algorithms for Community Detection in Graphs

Author

Andrea Marino, Luca Versari, Roberto Grossi, Alessio Conte, Daniele De Sensi, University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, Equipe de recherche européenne en algorithmique et biologie formelle et expérimentale (ERABLE), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Google Research [Zurich], and Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI)

Subjects
graph algorithms, General Computer Science, social network analysis, Computer science, Induced subgraph, Truss, 02 engineering and technology, Clique (graph theory), 020204 information systems, truss decomposition, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, General Materials Science, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Time complexity, k-trusses, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Clique, Degree (graph theory), Community detection, General Engineering, Approximation algorithm, in-memory computation, Graph, Core (graph theory), lcsh:Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, Algorithm, lcsh:TK1-9971, MathematicsofComputing_DISCRETEMATHEMATICS
Abstract

The notion of $k$ -truss has been introduced a decade ago in social network analysis and security for community detection, as a form of cohesive subgraphs less stringent than a clique (set of pairwise linked nodes), and more selective than a k-core (induced subgraph with minimum degree $k$ ). A $k$ -truss is an inclusion-maximal subgraph $H$ in which each edge belongs to at least $k-2$ triangles inside $H$ . The truss decomposition establishes, for each edge $e$ , the maximum $k$ for which $e$ belongs to a $k$ -truss. Analogously to the largest clique and to the maximum $k$ -core, the strongest community for $k$ -truss is the max-truss, which corresponds to the $k$ -truss having the maximum $k$ . Even though the computation of truss decomposition and of the max-truss takes polynomial time, on a large scale, it suffers from handling a potentially cubic number of wedges. In this paper, we provide a new algorithm FMT, which advances the state of the art on different sides: lower execution time, lower memory usage, and no need for expensive hardware. We compare FMT experimentally with the most recent state-of-the-art algorithms on a set of large real-world and synthetic networks with over a billion edges. The massive improvement allows FMT to compute the max-truss of networks of tens of billions of edges on a single standard server machine.

Published
2020
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47. Magnetic Anisotropy Drives Magnetochiral Dichroism in a Chiral Molecular Helix Probed with Visible Light

Author

Kévin Paillot, Fabio Santanni, Andrea Caneschi, Geert L. J. A. Rikken, Ivan Breslavetz, Cyrille Train, Matteo Atzori, Roberta Sessoli, MOLTECH-Anjou, Université d'Angers (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire national des champs magnétiques intenses - Grenoble (LNCMI-G ), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratory of Molecular Magnetism, INSTM di Firenze, Laboratoire des champs magnétiques intenses (LCMI-GHMFL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze], Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire national des champs magnétiques intenses - Toulouse (LNCMI-T), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), ANR-18-CE09-0032,MONAFER,Approche Moléculaire de composés multiferroïques nanostructurés(2018), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI)

Subjects
Chemistry, Magnetometer, General Chemistry, Dichroism, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Molecular physics, Catalysis, Spectral line, 0104 chemical sciences, law.invention, Magnetic field, Magnetic anisotropy, Colloid and Surface Chemistry, law, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Antiferromagnetism, [CHIM.COOR]Chemical Sciences/Coordination chemistry, Anisotropy, Néel temperature, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Magnetochiral dichroism (MChD) is a nonreciprocal manifestation of light-matter interaction that can be observed in chiral magnetized systems. It features a differential absorption of unpolarized light depending on the relative orientation of the magnetic field and the light wavevector and on the absolute configuration of the system. The relevance of this effect for optical readout of magnetic data calls for a complete understanding of the microscopic parameters driving MChD with an easy-accessible and nondamaging light source, such as visible light. For this purpose, here we report on MChD detected with visible light on a chiral magnetic helix formulated as [MnIII(cyclam)(SO4)]ClO4·H2O (cyclam = 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane) featuring antiferromagnetically coupled anisotropic MnIII ions. Alternate current susceptibility measurements revealed the existence of a single-chain magnet behavior hidden below the canted antiferromagnetism (TN = 5.8 K) already evidenced by direct current magnetometry. A detailed analysis of the optical absorption gives access to the value of the zero-field splitting parameter D (2.9 cm-1), which quantifies the magnetic anisotropy of the MnIII centers. Below the magnetic ordering temperature of the material, the MChD spectra exhibit intense absolute configuration dependent MChD signals reaching record values of ca. 12% of the absorbed intensity for the two electronic transitions most influenced by the spin-orbit coupling of the MnIII ion. These findings set a clear route toward the design and preparation of highly MChD-responsive molecular materials.

Published
2020
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48. Testing gravity with cold atom interferometry: Results and prospects

Author

Guglielmo M. Tino, European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy (LENS), and Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI)

Subjects
Atom interferometer, Gravity (chemistry), Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), General relativity, Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph), Materials Science (miscellaneous), FOS: Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Gravitational acceleration, 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Physics - Atomic Physics, Gravitation, Theoretical physics, High Energy Physics::Theory, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Physics, Quantum Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, atom interferometry, experimental tests of gravity, new physics, cold atoms, atomic clocks, Dark energy, Quantum gravity, Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
Abstract

Atom interferometers have been developed in the last three decades as new powerful tools to investigate gravity. They were used for measuring the gravity acceleration, the gravity gradient, and the gravity-field curvature, for the determination of the gravitational constant, for the investigation of gravity at microscopic distances, to test the equivalence principle of general relativity and the theories of modified gravity, to probe the interplay between gravitational and quantum physics and to test quantum gravity models, to search for dark matter and dark energy, and they were proposed as new detectors for the observation of gravitational waves. Here I describe past and ongoing experiments with an outlook on what I think are the main prospects in this field and the potential to search for new physics.

Published
2020
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49. Expanding the genetic and phenotypic relevance of KCNB1 variants in developmental and epileptic encephalopathies: 27 new patients and overview of the literature

Author

Delphine Breuillard, Isabelle Marey, Claire Bar, Tayeb Sekhara, Candace T. Myers, Diane Doummar, Alice Poisson, Hervé Isnard, Nathalie Dorison, Gwenaël Le Guyader, Arnold Munnich, Alexandra Afenjar, Anne de Saint Martin, Jamel Chelly, Gaetan Lesca, Gaetano Terrone, Rima Nabbout, Jeremy L. Freeman, David Geneviève, Sophie Dupont, Cyril Mignot, Katherine B. Howell, Giulia Barcia, Melanie Jennesson, Patrick Berquin, Sylvie Odent, Boris Keren, Ingrid E. Scheffer, Renzo Guerrini, Emmanuel Scalais, Thierry Billette de Villemeur, Martino Montomoli, Agnès Guët, Pierre Meyer, Anca Nica, Anne-Sophie Lebre, Edor Kabashi, Carla Marini, Amy L Schneider, Marion Gérard, Salima El Chehadeh, Heather C Mefford, Lynette G. Sadleir, Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IMAGINE - U1163), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), American Memorial Hospital, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), University of Melbourne, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), A Meyer Children's Hospital, Service de Génétique Cytogénétique et Embryologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (CNC), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Equipe NEMESIS - Centre de Recherches de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (NEMESIS-CRICM), Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), CHU Amiens-Picardie, Physiologie & médecine expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles [U 1046] (PhyMedExp), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Département de génétique médicale, maladies rares et médecine personnalisée [CHRU Montpellier], Hôpital de Hautepierre [Strasbourg], Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Hôpital Louis-Mourier, Colombes, France., Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg [Luxembourg] (CHL), Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Paris., University of Washington [Seattle], Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia., A.Meyer Children's Hospital, CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Centre d'Investigation Clinique [Rennes] (CIC), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Section of Pediatrics-Child Neurology Unit, Federico II University, 80131, Naples, Italy, Centre Hospitalier Interrégional Edith Cavell (CHIREC), Service de génétique [Reims], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims), Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes (IGDR), Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), CLAD-Ouest, CHU Rennes, France., University of Otago [Dunedin, Nouvelle-Zélande], Pediatric Neurology & Neurogenetics Unit and Laboratories, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI)-Children's Hospital A. Meyer, Epilepsy Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia., Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Centre de référence des épilepsies rares [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Unité fonctionnelle d'épilepsie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Service de Neurologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Service de Neurologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], H2020 European Research Council, Health Research Council of New Zealand, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Seventh Framework Programme, Fondation Bettencourt Schueller, European Research Council, Bar, C, Barcia, G, Jennesson, M, Le Guyader, G, Schneider, A, Mignot, C, Lesca, G, Breuillard, D, Montomoli, M, Keren, B, Doummar, D, de Villemeur, Tb, Afenjar, A, Marey, I, Gerard, M, Isnard, H, Poisson, A, Dupont, S, Berquin, P, Meyer, P, Genevieve, D, De Saint Martin, A, El Chehadeh, S, Chelly, J, Guët, A, Scalais, E, Dorison, N, Myers, Ct, Mefford, Hc, Howell, Kb, Marini, C, Freeman, Jl, Nica, A, Terrone, G, Sekhara, T, Lebre, A, Odent, S, Sadleir, Lg, Munnich, A, Guerrini, R, Scheffer, Ie, Kabashi, E, Nabbout, R, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Service de Génétique et Cytogénétique [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France., Centre de Référence déficiences intellectuelles de causes rares, GH Pitie-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, F-, 75013, Paris, France., Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de génétique médicale, maladies rares et médecine personnalisée [CHRU de Montpellier], Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, C.H.I.R.E.C, Brussels, Belgium., Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-University of Florence (UNIFI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Institut des sciences cognitives Marc Jeannerod - Centre de neuroscience cognitive - UMR5229 (ISC-MJ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild [Paris], Université de Rennes (UR)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI)-Children's Hospital A. Meyer, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Children's Hospital A. Meyer-Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Service de Neurologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière]

Subjects
Genotype, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biology, Structure-Activity Relationship, 03 medical and health sciences, Epilepsy, Shab Potassium Channels, KCNB1, Intellectual disability, Genetic variation, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Missense mutation, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Allele, developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, Alleles, Genetic Association Studies, Genetics (clinical), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, 030305 genetics & heredity, Genetic Variation, medicine.disease, Axon initial segment, Phenotype, Neurodevelopmental Disorders, epilepsy, potassium channel
Abstract

International audience; Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEE) refer to a heterogeneous group of devastating neurodevelopmental disorders. Variants in KCNB1 have been recently reported in patients with early-onset DEE. KCNB1 encodes the alpha subunit of the delayed-rectifier voltage-dependent potassium channel Kv 2.1. We review the 37 previously reported patients carrying 29 distinct KCNB1 variants and significantly expand the mutational spectrum describing 18 novel variants from 27 unreported patients. Most variants occur de novo and mainly consist of missense variants located on the voltage sensor and the pore domain of Kv 2.1. We also report the first inherited variant (p.Arg583*). KCNB1-related encephalopathies encompass a wide spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders with predominant language difficulties and behavioral impairment. Eighty-five percent of patients developed epilepsies with variable syndromes and prognosis. Truncating variants in the C-terminal domain are associated with a less severe epileptic phenotype. Overall, this report provides an up-to-date review of the mutational and clinical spectrum of KCNB1, strengthening its place as a causal gene in DEEs and emphasizing the need for further functional studies to unravel the underlying mechanisms.

Published
2020
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50. ELGAR -- a European Laboratory for Gravitation and Atom-interferometric Research

Author

Stéphane Gaffet, F. Pereira Dos Santos, F. Badaracco, Q. Beaufils, S. Merlet, Nelson Christensen, Sina Loriani, Marco Prevedelli, J. Junca, C. L. Garrido Alzar, F. Fitzek, B. Leykauf, Michael Holynski, Benjamin Canuel, Sven Abend, Klemens Hammerer, Achim Peters, Panagiotis Papadakos, Christian Schubert, Jan Harms, Carlos F. Sopuerta, S. Katsanevas, Dennis Schlippert, Giorgos Flouris, Miquel Nofrarías, Remi Geiger, A. Viceré, Walid Chaibi, Fiodor Sorrentino, D. O. Sabulsky, Markus Krutzik, W. von Klitzing, Vladimir Schkolnik, Guglielmo M. Tino, Claus Braxmaier, M. Merzougui, Grigorios Tsagkatakis, Dimitris Plexousakis, Arnaud Landragin, Andrea Bertoldi, L. Woerner, C. Struckmann, S. Guellati-Khelifa, Naceur Gaaloul, Kai Bongs, Ernst M. Rasel, I. Làzaro Roche, Leonid A. Sidorenkov, Christos Kozanitis, X. Zou, Pau Amaro-Seoane, Philippe Bouyer, J. N. Siemß, Albert Roura, Yu-Hung Lien, Séverine Rosat, Jacques Hinderer, Carsten Klempt, Yves Rogister, Laboratoire Photonique, Numérique et Nanosciences (LP2N), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers (LPL), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Institut Galilée-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Birmingham [Birmingham], Institute for Optical Systems, Astrophysique Relativiste Théories Expériences Métrologie Instrumentation Signaux (ARTEMIS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA), Institut für Quantenoptik [Hannover] (IQ), Leibniz Universität Hannover [Hannover] (LUH), Systèmes de Référence Temps Espace (SYRTE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Jussieu)), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Firenze (INFN, Sezione di Firenze), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Dynamique globale et déformation active (IPGS) (IPGS-DGDA), Institut de physique du globe de Strasbourg (IPGS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Laboratoire Souterrain à Bas Bruit (LSBB), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Laboratoire national de métrologie et d'essais - Systèmes de Référence Temps-Espace (LNE - SYRTE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Département Géochimie, environnement, écoulement, réacteurs industriels et cristallisation (GENERIC-ENSMSE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-SPIN, Department of Physics [Berlin], Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Information Systems Laboratory, Institute of Computer Science, FO.R.T.H, Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica e Inorganica [Bologna], Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Chemnitz University of Technology, Dipartimento di Fisica and LENS, Università di Firenze-INFN, LENS, INFN, Sezione di Perugia, LP2N_A1, LP2N_G5, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology (Germany), China Scholarship Council, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, Sorbonne Université, European Commission, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), German Research Foundation, Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Benjamin Canuel, Sven Abend, Pau Amaro-Seoane, Francesca Badaracco, Quentin Beaufil, Andrea Bertoldi, Kai Bong, Philippe Bouyer, Claus Braxmaier, Walid Chaibi, Nelson Christensen, Florian fitzek, Giorgos Flouri, Naceur Gaaloul, Stephane Gaffet, Carlos L. Garrido Alzar, Remi Geiger, Saida Guellati-Khelifa, Klemens Hammerer, Jan Harm, Jacques Hinderer, Michael Holynski, Joseph Junca, Stavros Katsaneva, Carsten Klempt, Christos Kozaniti, Markus Krutzik, Arnaud Landragin, Ignacio Làzaro Roche, Bastian Leykauf, Yu-Hung Lien, Sina Loriani, Sebastien Merlet, Mourad Merzougui, Miquel Nofraria, Panagiotis Papadako, Franck Pereira dos Santo, Achim Peter, Dimitris Plexousaki, Marco Prevedelli, Ernst M Rasel, Yves Rogister, Severine Rosat, Albert Roura, Dylan Sabulsky, Vladimir Schkolnik, Dennis Schlippert, Christian Schubert, Leonid Sidorenkov, Jan-Niclas Siem, Carlos Sopuerta, Fiodor Sorrentino, Christian Struckmann, Guglielmo M Tino, Greg Tsagkataki, Andrea Viceré, Wolf von Klitzing, Lisa Woerner, and Xinhao Zou

Subjects
Atom interferometer, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph), 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Physics - Atomic Physics, Gravitation, research infrastructure, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], COSMIC cancer database, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ATOM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atomic Physics [physics.atom-ph], Quantum sensor, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Quantenmetrologie, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-SPACE-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Space Physics [physics.space-ph], Interferometry, gravitational waves, General relativity, Infrasound, Gravity, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, matter-wave interferometry, FOS: Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Gravitational waves, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, 010306 general physics, Systems Enabling Technologies, [PHYS.PHYS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, Quanten Engineering, Astronomy, gravity, gravitational waves, research infrastructure, cold atoms, matter-wave interferometry, Atom interferometry, cold atoms, 530 Physik, gravity, 13. Climate action, [PHYS.COND.CM-GEN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other], [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik, Theoretische Quantenphysik, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Gravity, gravitational waves, research infrastructure, cold atoms, matter-wave interferometry
Abstract

Full author list: B Canuel, S Abend, P Amaro-Seoane, F Badaracco, Q Beaufils, A Bertoldi, K Bongs, P Bouyer, C Braxmaier, W Chaibi, N Christensen, F Fitzek, G Flouris, N Gaaloul, S Gaffet, C L Garrido Alzar, R Geiger, S Guellati-Khelifa, K Hammerer, J Harms, J Hinderer, M Holynski, J Junca, S Katsanevas, C Klempt, C Kozanitis, M Krutzik, A Landragin, I Làzaro Roche, B Leykauf, Y-H Lien, S Loriani, S Merlet, M Merzougui, M Nofrarias, P Papadakos, F Pereira dos Santos, A Peters, D Plexousakis, M Prevedelli, E M Rasel, Y Rogister, S Rosat, A Roura, D O Sabulsky, V Schkolnik, D Schlippert, C Schubert, L Sidorenkov, J-N Siemß, C F Sopuerta, F Sorrentino, C Struckmann, G M Tino, G Tsagkatakis, A Viceré, W von Klitzing, L Woerner and X Zou, Gravitational waves (GWs) were observed for the first time in 2015, one century after Einstein predicted their existence. There is now growing interest to extend the detection bandwidth to low frequency. The scientific potential of multi-frequency GW astronomy is enormous as it would enable to obtain a more complete picture of cosmic events and mechanisms. This is a unique and entirely new opportunity for the future of astronomy, the success of which depends upon the decisions being made on existing and new infrastructures. The prospect of combining observations from the future space-based instrument LISA together with third generation ground based detectors will open the way toward multi-band GW astronomy, but will leave the infrasound (0.1-10 Hz) band uncovered. GW detectors based on matter wave interferometry promise to fill such a sensitivity gap. We propose the European Laboratory for Gravitation and Atom-interferometric Research (ELGAR), an underground infrastructure based on the latest progress in atomic physics, to study space-time and gravitation with the primary goal of detecting GWs in the infrasound band. ELGAR will directly inherit from large research facilities now being built in Europe for the study of large scale atom interferometry and will drive new pan-European synergies from top research centers developing quantum sensors. ELGAR will measure GW radiation in the infrasound band with a peak strain sensitivity of 3.3 × 10-22/√Hz at 1.7 Hz. The antenna will have an impact on diverse fundamental and applied research fields beyond GW astronomy, including gravitation, general relativity, and geology., This work was realized with the financial support of the French State through the ‘Agence Nationale de la Recherche’ (ANR) in the frame of the ‘MRSEI’ program (Pre-ELGAR ANR-17-MRS5-0004-01) and the ‘Investissement d’Avenir’ program (Equipex MIGA: ANR11-EQPX-0028, IdEx Bordeaux—LAPHIA: ANR-10-IDEX-03-02). AB acknowledges support from the ANR (project EOSBECMR), IdEx Bordeaux—LAPHIA (project OE-TWR), the QuantERA ERA-NET (project TAIOL) and the Aquitaine Region (projets IASIG3D and USOFF). The work was also supported by the German Space Agency (DLR) with funds provided by the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi) due to an enactment of the German Bundestag under Grant Nos. 50WM1556, 50WM1956 and 50WP1706 as well as through the DLR Institutes DLR-SI and DLR-QT. XZ thanks the China Scholarships Council (No. 201806010364) program for financial support. JJ thanks ‘Association Nationale de la Recherche et de la Technologie’ for financial support (No. 2018/1565). PA-S, MN, and CFS acknowledge support from contracts ESP2015-67234-P and ESP2017-90084-P from the Ministry of Economy and Business of Spain (MINECO), and from contract 2017- SGR-1469 from AGAUR (Catalan government). LAS thanks Sorbonne Universit´es (Emergence project LORINVACC) and Conseil Scientifique de l’Observatoire de Paris for funding. RG acknowledges Ville de Paris (Emergence programme HSENS-MWGRAV), ANR (project PIMAI) and the Fundamental Physics and Gravitational Waves (PhyFOG) programme of Observatoire de Paris for support. We also acknowledge networking support by the COST actions GWverse CA16104 and AtomQT CA16221 (Horizon 2020 Framework Programme of the European Union). DS gratefully acknowledges funding by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) through the funding program Photonics Research Germany under contract number 13N14875. SvAb, NG, SL, EMR, DS, and CS gratefully acknowledge support by ‘Nieders¨achsisches Vorab’ through the ‘Quantum- and Nano-Metrology (QUANOMET)’ initiative within the project QT3, and through ‘Förderung von Wissenschaft und Technik in Forschung und Lehre’ for the initial funding of research in the new DLRSI Institute, the CRC 1227 DQ-mat within the projects A05, B07 and B09, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany’s Excellence Strategy—EXC-2123 QuantumFrontiers—390837967 (B2), and the German Space Agency (DLR) with funds provided by the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi) due to an enactment of the German Bundestag under Grants No. DLR 50WM1641 (PRIMUSIII), 50WM1952 (QUANTUS-V-Fallturm), and 50WP1700 (BECCAL), 50WM1861 (CAL), 50WM2060 (CARIOQA) as well as 50RK1957 (QGYRO). FS, GMT and AV gratefully acknowledge support by the Italian ‘Ministero dell’Istruzione, Universit`a e Ricerca’ through the funding program PRIN, under contract number 2015L33WAK_003. BL, VS, MK, and AP gratefully acknowledge support by the Berlin School of Optical Sciences and Quantum Technology (BOS.QT) and by the German Space Agency (DLR) with funds provided by the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi) due to an enactment of the German Bundestag under Grants No. 50WP1432 (QUANTUS-IV-MAIUS), 50WP1953 (QUANTUS-V-Fallturm), and 50WP1702 (BECCAL).

Published
2019
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