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The aim of this review is to introduce the information concerning advanced technology of ink-jet printing regarding characteristics and ink-jet paper. It is believed that ink-jet paper having suitable liquid absorption characteristics and drying techniques are required to improve image quality on high-speed inkjet printing. Although the development of high quality ink-jet paper is important, the demand or the dual-purpose coated paper that can be used with offset and ink-jet printing is expected to increase for the time being. Meanwhile, it is important to get cost down and raise the productivity of the inkjet paper to secure competitiveness comparable to that of offset coated paper. For those objectives we think that the development of new technologies is required for pigment development, composition design of the coating ingredients, and rheological characteristics analysis of coating colors.

Coated paper substrates are used for a wide range of applications. The biggest challenge that remains unsolved with regard to coated paper is its recyclability. Herein, we report a unique approach ...

Yenidogan, Semiha/0000-0002-1296-2392 WOS:000518368200010 Paper - ink interaction is extremely important in printing. Ideal printing outputs should be achieved with minimal ink consumption. It should not be supposed that visual printing quality will increase as the amount of ink increases. The effects of excessive ink consumption during the printing process on process sustainability, economy and environment should not be ignored. In this study, the effects of ink consumption during the printing process on printing quality parameters were mainly examined. Paper samples were printed with different amounts of ink, and the density and CIE L*a*b* values of the solid ink films were measured. The lightfastness test was applied to determine the resistance of the printed ink films to light, and the changes in their color were examined. Ideal ink amounts to reach ideal color L*a*b* values were determined and the effects of ink amount on the printing quality parameters were highlighted. Then, ink consumption was evaluated in terms of recycling, sustainability, environmental and economic effects, and recommendations were made to reduce the use of ink.

Foam forming technology has attracted much attention during the past few years in the paper industry. Its advantages compared to conventional water forming are a new product portfolio and increased process efficiency. To support the paper industry in pushing foam forming technology forward, process simulation is needed to provide supporting data for strategic decision-making and as a basis for equipment dimensioning. This study examined the conversion of an existing wallpaper machine from water to foam forming technology using process simulation. To determine the required process configuration and parameter changes in the existing process, both published and unpublished data on the foam forming process were collected. This paper also describes modeling of the foam phase in the selected simulation software. The suitability of existing paper process equipment for foam was analyzed. Simulations revealed that undisturbed operation with foam requires some equipment modifications and re-arrangements in water circuits. With foam forming, the water balance in both short and long circulation changes remarkably compared to conventional water forming, leading to a large increase in the long circulation volume flows.

This chapter describes the concept of paper space. Covered are the primary reasons for using paper space, how to get in/out of paper space, and how to set up title blocks (layouts), viewports and their properties, viewport scale assignments, controlling what is visible in viewports, setting up text and dim styles in viewports, and the annotative concept.

This research work deals with modification of the color of paper in commercial clupak dynamic image registration. According to the standard technology of production of kraft pulp, from which the production clupak paper, the paper obtained is dark brown in color. Market demand is based on quality and price of the product. Step further in these demands is demand for certain balanced and brighter shade of color of sack kraft paper. Lately it is demanded from our company to produce sack kraft paper with lighter shade of color. This problem can be solved in two ways: by coloring pulp fiber and by bleaching it. Methods of production of sack kraft paper with lighter shade, as well as results achieved, will be presented in this document.

For the detection of product color uniformity and seam texture defects in the production process of test paper, detection methods are proposed respectively. For the detection of the color uniformity, a uniformity detection method based on dynamic light correction is proposed. The illumination correction image is used for color dynamic compensation of the test paper image to solve the influence of uneven illumination on the test paper. For the detection of texture defects such as seams, a texture defect detection method based on gray gradient aggregation intensity is proposed. This method uses one-way Gaussian convolution to strengthen features, and then calculates the gradient, divides the region and calculates the gradient extremum aggregation strength to judge texture defects, which can quickly and efficiently find seam defects. The experimental results show that the above methods have obvious effects on the color uniformity and seam detection of the test paper. The color uniformity accuracy rate is 96%, the seam detection accuracy rate is 97%. The total detection time of a single test paper is about 90ms. The algorithm is real-time and accurate, and can be used in actual production detection.

There is a lot of investment in research on displaying texture through a stylus pen. However, little is known about the effect of a stylus pen that can provide the texture of pen and paper on user experience. This study investigated whether there is a change in user experience when using a stylus pen that can provide pen-and-paper texture compared with a typical stylus pen. Experiments involving writing and drawing tasks using three tools (a stylus pen that can provide pen-and-paper texture, a typical stylus pen, and analogue pen and paper) were conducted, and user experiences were compared. After a literature review that examined the factors affecting the experience of using a pen, the experiments were conducted to measure usability and emotions. We found little difference between the typical stylus pen and the stylus pen in providing texture in respect of completion time and amount of error. However, the stylus pen that can provide texture showed results closer to those of the analogue pen and paper, and better results than those of the typical stylus pen in respect of familiarity and overall satisfaction of the usability and emotional variables. Therefore, this study confirmed that user experience is improved when using a stylus pen that can provide the texture of pen and paper. Daar is al baie belê en nagevors in die nabootsing van die pen-op-papier gevoel van 'n elektroniese stilus. Daar is egter weinige inligting beskikbaar oor die effek wat tekstuur op gebruikers-ervaring het. Hierdie studie ondersoek of daar n verandering in gebruikerservaring is wanneer n stilus met pen-op-papier terugvoer gebruik word teenoor n tipiese stilus wat nie terugvoer aan die gebruiker lewer nie. Eksperimente wat skryf en teken-take insluit is met drie gereedskapstukke (n stilus met pen-op-papier terugvoer, n tipiese stilus, en n konvensionele pen op papier) uitgevoer. Na n literatuurstudie van stapel gestuur is, is die eksperimente uitgevoer om die bruikbaarheid en subjektiewe terugvoer van die gebruiker te bepaal. Die resultate toon min verskil tussen n tipiese stilus en een met die pen-op-papier gevoel, beide in terme van die tyd om die take te voltooi en die aantal foute begaan. Die stilus met pen-op-papier terugvoer se vertoning was nader aan die van n tradisionele pen, asook beter subjektiewe terugvoer van die gebruiker in terme van vertroudheid en algehele bevrediging. Die gevolgtrekking is dus dat n stilus met pen-op-papier terugvoer gebruikerservaring verbeter.

Graphical abstract, Highlights • Detection of cytokine storm biomarkers with mobile biosensors. • Immunosensors are made solely of cellulose modified with antibody-decorated nanoparticles. • Turnaround time under 10 min. • Detection of biomarkers in respiratory samples allows monitoring local inflammation. • Compatible with decentralized health care schemes., Decentralizing COVID-19 care reduces contagions and affords a better use of hospital resources. We introduce biosensors aimed at detecting severe cases of COVID-19 in decentralized healthcare settings. They consist of a paper immunosensor interfaced with a smartphone. The immunosensors have been designed to generate intense colorimetric signals when the sample contains ultralow concentrations of IL-6, which has been proposed as a prognosis biomarker of COVID-19. This is achieved by combining a paper-based signal amplification mechanism with polymer-filled reservoirs for dispensing antibody-decorated nanoparticles and a bespoken app for color quantification. With this design we achieved a low limit of detection (LOD) of 10−3 pg mL-1 and semi-quantitative measurements in a wide dynamic range between 10−3 and 102 pg mL-1 in PBS. The assay time is under 10 min. The low LOD allowed us to dilute blood samples and detect IL-6 with an LOD of 1.3 pg mL-1 and a dynamic range up to 102 pg mL-1. Following this protocol, we were able to stratify COVID-19 patients according to different blood levels of IL-6. We also report on the detection of IL-6 in respiratory samples (bronchial aspirate, BAS) from COVID-19 patients. The test could be easily adapted to detect other cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-8 by changing the antibodies decorating the nanoparticles accordingly. The ability of detecting cytokines in blood and respiratory samples paves the way for monitoring local inflammation in the lungs as well as systemic inflammation levels in the body.

In order to evaluate the printing effect of self-made on-demand ink-jet printing ink and to study its influencing factors, its printing suitability and the influence of different substrate on its performance were studied in this paper. The drying process of ink on different paper was tested by contact angle tester. The color reproduction performance of self-made ink and common ink-jet ink was compared by measuring the printing samples of ink on different substrates with spectrodensitometer. The experimental results showed that the absorption rate of ink on offset paper was the fastest compared with that of coated paper and photo paper, and the drying time of self-made ink on substrate was shorter than that of ordinary ink-jet ink, which was basically volatilized and permeated in 2–3 s on offset paper. In terms of color reproduction performance, two kinds of three primary color inks could reproduce the better color of the image on the coated paper. The color strength of the self-made three primary color inks on the offset paper and the coated paper was higher than that of the ordinary ink-jet ink and the color hue error was smaller, so the color reproduction performances on the paper were better.

The color gamut of imaging media is significant for the reproduction of color images because its magnitude directly affects the degree to which colors change during the printing process. Over the last few years, digital impression technology has started to play a substantial role in the printing industry due to the quest for short runs and variable information printing. The color gamut of electrophotographic digital printing depends on various parameters including the printer and toner, but especially the properties (whiteness, roughness, and gloss) of the paper, which influence the final printed color gamut and replication quality. Artificial intelligence approaches are applied herein for the first time to choose and predict the performance of a paper with appropriate properties to achieve the maximum color gamut. A genetic algorithm-based computer code is developed to optimize the architecture of an artificial neural network, thereby yielding an accurate model to predict the color gamut achievable in electrophotographic color printing. The gamut volume was generated using an Eye-One spectrophotometer, ProfileMaker, and ColorThink software. The properties of 11 dissimilar types of paper were assessed by atomic force microscopy, spectrophotometer, and goniophotometer. The results indicate that the reproducibility depended considerably on the features of the paper. Although high whiteness and gloss increased the color gamut volume, and high roughness decreased the reproducibility of the printing machine, the artificial intelligence approach provided the opportunity to achieve a high gamut volume with low gloss and high roughness.

Graphical abstract, Introduction Due to its high specificity and sensitivity, liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is the gold standard method for immunosuppressant quantification in therapeutic drug monitoring. In this context, dried blood spots (DBS) have become a promising strategy as a sample collection procedure. Although the advantages of DBS over venipuncture are well known, this approach has limitations that strongly influence the acceptance of analytical results. Among them, the most important is hematocrit (Ht). The easiest way of overcoming this problem is by analyzing complete spots. In this strategy, called dried matrix on paper discs (DMPD), blood is volumetrically applied on pre-punched discs. Objectives To validate an LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of tacrolimus, sirolimus, everolimus and cyclosporin A using DMPD. Methods The procedure was validated according to international guidelines using a commercial kit. The following performance parameters were evaluated: selectivity, carryover, linearity, accuracy, precision, lower limit of quantitation, relative recovery, commutability and stability. In addition, a method comparison study was performed to evaluate the clinical influence of Ht on the results. Results All performance parameters were within acceptance criteria and, hence, it was determined that the validated method is fit for the intended purpose. Likewise, calculated bias values on medical decision levels showed that there was no clinical influence of Ht on the results. Conclusion Unlike other similar methodologies that have been published, here, a simple method has been fully validated. This is the first LC-MS/MS methodology adapting a commercial kit to use DMPD as a sampling strategy.

Thermal switches control thermal circuits and are widely used in electronics and engineering. Shape-memory alloys can be deformed by heating, which is widely used as a driving part for ther...

This paper presents the design, fabrication, experimental results and related discussion of a portable bending enhancing silicone mold structure for biomedical applications in which a high-sensitive but low-cost force measurement structure with a large-dynamic range is required. Proposed system is composed of a replaceable parts like graphite coated Strathmore® 400 series Bristol paper and cheap RTV-2 silicone molds. The results shows that low-cost, portable and high-sensitive force and strain sensor systems can be realized for point-of-care biomedical applications in the future.

Paper-based microfluidic devices have the potential of being a low-cost platform for diagnostic devices. Electrical circuit analogy (ECA) model has been used to model the wicking process in paper-based microfluidic devices. However, material characteristics such as absorption capacity cannot be included in the previous ECA models. This paper proposes a new model to describe the wicking process with liquid absorption in a paper strip. We observed that the fluid continues to flow in a paper strip, even after the fluid reservoir has been removed. This phenomenon is caused by the ability of the paper to store liquid in its matrix. The model presented in this paper is derived from the analogy to the current response of an electric circuit with a capacitance. All coefficients in the model are fitted with data of capillary rise experiments and compared with direct measurement of the absorption capacity. The theoretical data of the model agrees well with experimental data and the conventional Washburn model. Considering liquid absorption capacity as a capacitance helps to explain the relationship between material characteristics and the wicking mechanism.

Paper electronics is an emerging technology to implement flexible and wearable electronics devices via ink printing process. This paper evaluates the feasibility of using conventional printing paper for coating process with graphene/cellulose ink. 4 different types of regularly used conventional printing papers were used as substrates in this work. The conductive graphene ink was prepared through exfoliation of graphite in cellulose solution. The paper substrates surface morphology and sheet resistance of the drop-casted conductive ink on each paper were analyzed and discussed. Glossy paper was found to be suitable paper substrate for the printing of the formulated ink due to its low surface roughness of 16 nm. The value of sheet resistance of the graphene/cellulose thin film can be lowered to 4.11 kΩ/sq by applying multiple drops. This work suggests that conventional printing paper may offer solution for highly scalable and low-cost paper electronics.

Abstract Mechanical stimuli play important roles on the growth, development, and behavior of tissue. A simple and novel paper-based in vitro tissue chip was developed that can deliver two types of mechanical stimuli—local compression and shear flow—in a programmed manner. Rat vascular endothelial cells (RVECs) were patterned on collagen-coated nitrocellulose paper to create a tissue chip. Localized compression and shear flow were introduced by simply tapping and bending the paper chip in a programmed manner, utilizing an inexpensive servo motor controlled by an Arduino microcontroller and powered by batteries. All electrical compartments and a paper-based tissue chip were enclosed in a single 3D-printed enclosure, allowing the whole device to be independently placed within an incubator. This simple device effectively simulated in vivo conditions and induced successful RVEC migration in as early as 5 h. The developed device provides an inexpensive and flexible alternative for delivering mechanical stimuli to other in vitro tissue models. Graphical abstract

We present a mixed reality-based assistive system for shading paper sketches. Given a paper sketch made by an artist, our interface helps inexperienced users to shade it appropriately. Initially, using a simple Delaunay-triangulation based inflation algorithm, an approximate depth map is computed. The system then highlights areas (to assist shading) based on a rendering of the 2.5-dimensional inflated model of the input contour. With the help of a mixed reality system, we project the highlighted areas back to aid users. The hints given by the system are used for shading and are smudged appropriately to apply an artistic shading to the sketch. The user is given flexibility at various levels to simulate conditions such as height and light position. Experiments show that the proposed system aids novice users in creating sketches with impressive shading.

This study proposed a novel method for the rapid fabrication of paper-based microfluidic devices using a roll-to-roll wax transfer method. In this approach, a custom-made device was designed and fabricated for the direct roll-to-roll wax transfer from commercially available wax ribbon to the surface of paper substrate. After wax transfer, a thermal reflow process was conducted to enable the melt wax penetration through the whole thickness of the hydrophilic paper substrate to form hydrophobic wax barriers. Compared with the conventional approaches for paper-based microfluidics (wax printing, photolithography, and inkjet printing), the proposed fabrication technique for paper-based microfluidic devices is suitable for the batch fabrication of paper-based microfluidic chips at high production speed. Additional advantages including simple fabrication process, low material and fabrication cost, low-energy consumption, and without the requirement of cleanroom environment or facilities. The paper-based microfluidics fabricated with the proposed roll-to-roll wax transfer method is widely adaptable for microfluidic applications in biological and chemical fields.

One of the most profitable forms of criminal activity is the forgery of works of art, where huge profits are earned on auctions and on the black art market. In private collections, galleries and museums, there is certainly a large number of undiscovered forged artworks whose authenticity is to be determined. Much of the authentication process does not belong to forensics, because art historians and art connoisseurs most often made conclusions about authenticity. Later examinations found that 40% of the works of art were of questionable authenticity; which points to the need for a scientific analysis of works of art, and that the forensic approach to authentication is replaced by experts or experts in the history of art. The need for expertise of documents and works of art on paper usually occurs when the content, origin or presentation of the circumstances under which the work is made constitutes a serious suspicion of its authenticity. The expertise of works of art on paper represent a criminal and judicial examination of works of art where paper is used for the substrate, and in the works of art there are watercolors, pastels, graphic prints, drawings (pencil, ink wash paint, ink), maps and plans, and many other combined techniques. The scientific study of art works on paper uses tools from very simple to state-of-the-art analytical instruments which provide detailed and accurate information about work of art on paper. The scientific study of works of art on paper shares common objectives with the technical studies of any work of art. Artifacts are examined in order to answer art historical questions about the origin of a work, namely, where, when, and by whom a work was created. The main components that make up an artwork on paper are paper (paper substrate), pigments and colors, various types of inks, and other materials used to create an artwork (such as charcoal, pens, various media, combined techniques, etc.). The expert must have the necessary knowledge of the components that make up an artwork on paper; to know the types of paper, to differentiate painting techniques; to know perfectly about the components from that make up the work of art (composition, types of production and types of paper, composition and types of pigments, composition and types of inks, tools used for workmanship, etc.). First, simple methods are used, such as the detailed study of the components of the painting (identification of paper, paint, ink, pigment, etc.). Subsequently, physical non-destructive methods are used that do not impair the tested material: use of different types of microscopes (stereo microscope, polarization microscope, fluorescence microscopy); magnifying glasses; types of invisible rays (ultraviolet rays, infrared rays, X-rays), neutron activation analysis, X-ray fluorescence analysis, Raman spectroscopy, and investigative photography. Destructive methods damage the material being analyzed. Destructive methods include chemical analysis, chromatography (Liquid Chromatography, Gas Chromatography, Thin-Layer Chromatography), electrophoresis, infrared spectrophotometry, etc. These methods are highly avoided and are used only in extreme as ultimate necessity, in the case where the results obtained previously are unsatisfactory and with insufficient information. Each of these methods has a different working principle and gives us different information about the subject being analyzed, and the expert must have a basic knowledge of chemistry in order to understand the working principle of these analyzes and to know what kind of information they provide.

Paper-based microfluidic biosensors have recently attracted increasing attentions in point-of-care testing (POCT) territories benefiting from their affordable, accessible and eco-friendly features, where technologies for fabricating such biosensors are preferred to be equipment free, easy-to-operate and capable of rapid prototyping. In this work, we developed a pen-on-paper (PoP) strategy based on two custom-made pens, i.e., a wax pen and a conductive-ink pen, to fully write paper-based microfluidic biosensors through directly writing both microfluidic channels and electrodes. Particularly, the proposed wax pen is competent to realize one-step fabrication of wax channels on paper, as the melted wax penetrates into paper during writing process without any post-treatments. The practical applications of the fabricated paper-based microfluidic biosensors are demonstrated by both colorimetric detection of Salmonella typhimurium DNA with detection limit of 1 nM and electrochemical measurement of glucose with detection limit of 1 mM. The developed PoP strategy for making microfluidic biosensors on paper characterized by true simplicity, prominent portability and excellent capability for rapid prototyping shows promising prospect in POCT applications.

A Japanese painting paper is sized with an aqueous solution of alum and animal glue followed by brushing with a mixture of pigments of various colours and aqueous animal glue solution. Subsequently...

Graphical abstract, Highlights • A new and rigorous approach for assessing the effect of enzymatic pretreatment on AD is proposed. • Enzymes can improve anaerobic digestion increasing biogas yields by up to 26%. • First study to isolate the effect of catalytic activity and organic load from enzymes to evaluate enzymatic pretreatment. • Enzymes did not appear to be inhibited or denatured in the presence of biosludge., Anaerobic digestion of biosludge has not yet been implemented in pulp mills due to low biogas yields. Enzymatic pretreatment of biosludge has shown improvements in biogas yields but results are varied. A key limitation of previous studies is that they fail to consider the COD contribution from the enzyme solutions. The aim of this study was to systematically investigate the potential for enzymatic pretreatment on the anaerobic digestibility of pulp mill biosludge. Out of the six enzymes tested, four enhanced the anaerobic digestibility of biosludge. At the end of the BMP, a maximum improvement of 26% in biogas yield was observed with protease from B. licheniformis. There was no correlation between enzymatic activities on standard substrates and/or on biosludge and the effect of enzymes on biogas yields. Enzymes have potential for improving biosludge anaerobic digestibility but more research on optimal conditions and potential synergies with other pretreatment is needed.

To improve the accuracy of color reproduction for camouflage printing, a new color matching method, named monitor-paper-fabric, was proposed by importing color management into textiles, which matched the printing pastes according to the color of the paper card printed by the ink-jet printer after color management. Not like the traditional color matching method, it matched the printing pastes according to the color from computer monitor after color correction. Two color matching methods were analyzed by comparing the color difference. It was found that the “monitor-paper-fabric” color matching method could be considered as a convenient and feasible color matching method. Most color differences between the monitor and the fabric in the camouflage pattern were reduced to lower than 4, except for color blocks 5 and 6. In addition, the color differences of six color blocks between the paper and the fabric were all less than 3.5, and were lower than those between the monitor and the fabric. The color consistency between the paper and the fabric was better than that between the monitor and the fabric.

"Printability is a combination of paper-related factors that contribute to achieving the desired print quality level and relates to the paper's ability to absorb ink. An important property of ink on paper is its setting behavior. The spread and placement of the ink on the paper surface is affected by the surface structure of the paper. The surface topography of the paper is decisive in the process of ink placement on the paper surface. In this study, the effects of surface roughness of the paper on wettability, print gloss, ink color change and light fastness change were investigated. For this purpose, prints on papers with different surface roughness were made in accordance with ISO 12647-2 with Cyan color ink in accordance with DIN ISO 2846-1. The CIE L*a*b* and gloss values of the test prints, which were allowed to dry in order to detect color and print gloss differences on the paper surfaces, were measured periodically until the ink film was completely dry. In addition, the effects of the paper surface on the light fastness of the ink were measured and recorded. The results were discussed in terms of print quality. "

Graphical abstract, The presence of phthalates, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and semi-volatile chlorinated organic compounds (SVCOC) in toilet tissue papers may be detrimental to the health of consumers upon exposure. This study therefore, sought to investigate the levels of these toxicants in toilet tissue papers on the Ghanaian market and the associated risk of exposure. The study also sought to conduct source apportionments for analytes. A total of 32 composite toilet tissue samples from 8 different brands were analysed in replicates for PAHs, phthalates and SVCOCs. Analysis was conducted using Shimadzu GCMS QP 2020 with the MS operated in SIM mode. The results showed elevated levels of PAHs, phthalates, and appreciable levels of SVCOCs in the toilets tissue papers. The risk assessment conducted, showed an associated elevated cancer risk >10−4 for PAHs in all samples and DEHP in samples NN, BB and SF. The risk associated with the levels of carcinogenic SVCOCs were found to be > 10-5 but < 10−4.The hazard indices (HI) calculated for non-cancer effects, showed risk levels < 1.0 for phthalates in most toilet paper samples except for samples BB and SF. The HI recorded for chlorophenols were all

The ability to pattern highly conductive features on paper substrates is critically important for applications in radio frequency identification (RFID) tags, displays, sensors, printed electronics, and diagnostics. Ink-jet printing particle-free reactive silver inks is an additive, material efficient and versatile strategy for fabrication of highly conductive patterns; however, the intrinsic wetting properties of cellulose based papers are not suitable to serve as substrates for this process. This study reports one-step and practical modification of the surface of paper substrates using industrially available materials. The paper substrates were dip-coated with films of hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon based polymeric resins. Ink-jet printing particle-free reactive silver inks on the modified paper substrates followed by fast thermal annealing resulted in highly conductive patterns. The coatings improved the conductivity of the patterns and reduced the number of printing layers required to obtain conductivity. We finally demonstrated fabrication of a printed RFID tag on the coated paper substrates operating at the frequency range of 865–870 MHz.

Printing with natural inks to the paper essential for various area like wrapping paper for foodstuff, paper cups etc. Therefore, the development of stable and commercial natural ink is gaining importance. The production methods and the surfaces chemicals (coating materials, fluorochemicals, sizing materials etc.) of the paper affect the color of the natural inks, which applied paper surface. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of natural inks on various paper types. Ink samples are cyan, magenta, yellow, black colors prepared to have the closest color properties to the commercial inkjet printing inks in the market. Yellow Curcuma longa extract, red Rosa canina extract, cyan Indigofera tinctoria extract, black Alkanna tinctora extract selected to prepare natural ink. The differences between the commercial ink and the natural ink applied paper samples CIE L* a* b* color values were evaluated. The application made with a commercial inkjet printer. Then strength properties of paper samples evaluated and compared. According to results, bleached white chemical paper color results were closest to commercial ink

Environmental concerns and soaring energy prices have brought huge pressure of energy saving and emission reduction to tissue paper mills. Electricity is one of the main energy sources of tissue paper mills. The production characteristics of tissue paper mills make it easy to decrease energy cost by using time-of-use (TOU) electricity tariffs. This study investigates the bi-objective energy-efficiency scheduling of tissue paper mills under time-of-use electricity tariffs, the objectives of which are makespan and energy cost. First, considering the processing energy cost, setup energy cost, and transportation energy cost, an energy cost model of a tissue paper mill under TOU electricity tariffs is established. Second, the energy-efficiency scheduling model under TOU electricity tariffs is built based on the energy cost model. Finally, on the basis of decomposition and teaching&ndash, learning optimization, this study proposes a novel multi-objective evolutionary algorithm and further combined with the variable neighborhood search to solve the problem. The case study results demonstrate that our study of tissue paper mill energy saving is feasible, and the proposed method has better performance than the existing methods.

Paper has a crucial impact on the qualitative properties of printed product as properties of the paper’s surface directly impact the ink transfer, consequently, basic optical properties of the print. Although same ISO paper type, papers possess variable surface properties leading to different influence on the ink transfer. The aim of this research was to analyse influence of the surface properties of the paper, including surface free energy, smoothness and gloss of some standard papers used in lithography on the ink transfer while matching the colorimetric values defined by ISO 12647-2:2013. Determination of amount of the ink transfer, optical density, mottling and colour difference of prints were performed to evaluate paper-ink interactions. Results have shown that produced prints differ in the investigated properties. Furthermore, there are significant correlations between the surface free energy of the paper and paper smoothness and the ink transfer. In addition, amount of ink used to produce a standardized print varies for different paper types (even in the same ISO paper classification), meaning difference in ink costs. This research proved the high influence of paper’s certain parameters on the ink transfer by strong correlation coefficients. This enables better process control and optimization of the printing.

This work is devoted to various stages of the formation of a three-dimensional wireframe model when solving the problem of converting paper drawings into drawing-design documentation. The stages of obtaining geometric-graphic information by an application program and forming a three-dimensional skeleton model are considered in detail. The study of the temporal characteristics of the developed algorithm is also given.

Starch and its derivatives have been widely used in the paper industry due to its completely biodegradable nature, wide availability, and low cost. The surface coating of starch-based product is a well-established commercial practice to confer the desired property to paper. Today, on top of the continuing demand for higher performance and lower costs, the paper industry faces tighter regulation and higher sustainability standards. The progress in starch modification and coating technology has created opportunities in terms of fundamental study and industrial application. Starch products with variations in structure, composition, and properties have been developed for various applications. Furthermore, starch-based bionanocomposites and blends have been utilized to provide new functionalities to paper and paperboard. This review summarizes the recent progress of starch and its derivatives in surface sizing, coating binder, and functional coatings. The future trends and opportunities for starch-based coatings are also discussed.

Graphical abstract, Highlights • New cobalt metal-organic framework modified carbon cloth/paper (Co-MOF/CC/Paper) hybrid button-sensor. • Portable, robust, and user-friendly electrochemical analytical chip for nonenzymatic glucose sensing. • Effectively increasing the specific area and catalytic sites based on the Co-MOF/CC interface. • Low-cost and simple on-chip application with desired selectivity, stability, and durability in complex biomatrixes., In the growing pandemic, family healthcare is widely concerned with the increase of medical self-diagnosis away from the hospital. A cobalt metal-organic framework modified carbon cloth/paper (Co-MOF/CC/Paper) hybrid button-sensor was developed as a portable, robust, and user-friendly electrochemical analytical chip for nonenzymatic quantitative detection of glucose. Highly integrated electrochemical analytical chip was successfully fabricated with a flexible Co-MOF/CC sensing interface, effectively increasing the specific area and catalytic sites than the traditional plane electrode. Based on the button-sensor, rapid quantitative detection of glucose was achieved in multiple complex bio-matrixes, such as serum, urine, and saliva, with desired selectivity, stability, and durability. With the advantages of low cost, high environment tolerance, ease of production, our nanozyme-based electrochemical analytical chip achieved reliable nonenzymatic electrocatalysis, has great potential for the application of rapid on-site analysis in personalized diagnostic and disease prevention.

Being an economical, simple, user-friendly on-field screening platform, microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) have gained significant attention in the scientific community. Hitherto, μPADs were fabricated by patterning hydrophobic regions using photoresist, wax crayons, solid-ink, plotting-machine, cutting paper via laser and conventional table-top solid wax printer. However, most of these methods needed sophisticated and proprietary instruments, with a complicated process required to forms a hydrophobic barrier, and result in low resolution. In the present work, to prepare a μPAD using an inexpensive laminator to generate hydrophobic patterns of paraffin wax on cellulose paper has been demonstrated. Here, a predesigned mold coated with paraffin wax and a hot laminator to form an absolute hydrophobic wax pattern. The predesigned mold was created using a simple printing/copier paper followed by wax dip-ping. These fabricated μPADs have been characterized by selecting a suitable copier paper, with suitable density, as a predefined mold, and choosing optimized speed of roller and temperature of laminator. Finally, the fabricated μPAD has been exploited for viscosity measurement and colorimetric pH study of fluids. This low-cost, ergonomic and versatile wax lamination approach offers an excellent alternative to the current methods, and offers boundless opportunities for researchers from resource-constrained labs.

At present, the quality of ink-jet printing depends to a great extent on the surface quality of the printing material. The commonly used high gloss paper and coated paper have excellent color rendering results, but the cost is higher, which affects the further application of ink-jet printing. Therefore, the low cost ordinary printing paper is used as the base paper, and the surface of the base paper is coated with polyvinyl alcohol solution to improve the surface quality of the base paper. Preparation of test specimens for color strength condition of different coating solution concentration and coating were tested and compared with the base paper, color intensity was the standard color is obviously improved; printing characteristic curve of the samples were tested and analyzed, compared the change trend of density in the actual printing process of the various. It is found that the printing quality can be improved obviously by adopting the above process.

Paper Machine clothing , Paper Machine clothing , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی

We explored the paper augmentation technique where a tablet computer is placed under the paper to modify its content appearance and create the illusion of a static object appearing perceptually dynamic. Our approach is based on the Deformation Lamps (DL) technique commonly used with front projection. However, we applied it to rear projection, which removes the need for a fixed hardware setup or handling and wearing dedicated hardware. The key challenge was to ensure the appropriate mixing of light reflecting from the paper (to see what is printed on the paper) and the light passing though the paper (to see what the tablet screen is projecting) since (i) a tablet screen is a relatively weak light source when being used in rear projection and (ii) commonly, paper has high opacity so the content from one side is not visible on the other side. In order to achieve the appropriate mixing of light, we reduced the opacity of the paper by perforating it (thus allowing more light to pass through), and modified the algorithm for generating dynamic luminance animation by adding gamma and brightness correction. The outcomes provide a guide on how to modify the paper and the algorithm in order to achieve the DL effect with rear projection using a tablet computer.

Recent progress has been reported regarding high color gamut blue QDs development, improvement of QLEDs performance including efficiency and lifetime, and development of printable QD inks and ink-jet printing technique of QLEDs, in order to solve those key challenges towards QLED display technology commercialization.

In order to solve the multi-directional bending problem of paper cards with different specifications, a swing type automatic paper folding mechanism was designed. Through gear rack mechanism and rocker slider mechanism, the paper card can be folded vertically and horizontally for many times. The MATLAB optimization function library is used to optimize the rocker, connecting rod, swing angle and other size parameters of the mechanism, and the swing angle of the bending block is determined to be 15 degrees. The motion equation of paper folding process is solved by vector equation and coordinate transformation, and kinematics simulation of swing paper folding mechanism is carried out by motion plug-in of SolidWorks. The simulation results show that the mechanism can meet the motion requirements of the waist seal, and the simulation parameters are consistent with the calculation parameters.

The accumulation of paper waste encourages the utilization of HVS paper waste with Collage and Paper Quilling Techniques as a 2-dimensional medium for hair styling learning. The purpose of this study was to understand the process of utilizing HVS paper waste with collage and paper quilling techniques as a 2-dimensional medium for hair styling learning; to explore the design and shape produced in the utilization of HVS paper waste with collage and paper quilling techniques as a 2-dimensional medium for hair styling learning; to learn the validity of 2-Dimensional media for Hair Styling Learning by utilizing HVS Paper Waste using Collage and Paper Quilling Techniques. Development research with qualitative descriptive data analysis was carried out, the process of utilizing HVS paper waste with collage and paper quilling techniques using loose scrolls and multi strips scrolls was explored. Design and shape of hair styling for 5 face shapes. Validity by 5 experts with an average of 89.33% and, the results of final product assessment by 60 students obtained an average of 92.70% based on indicators of aspects of regulation, balance, color, conformity, attractiveness. Utilization of HVS paper waste with Collage and Paper Quilling Techniques as a 2-dimensional medium for hair styling learning is declared very feasible.

This Paper deals with the Modification of treadmill cycle. It’s based in Re-design of previously existing treadmill cycle. It’s designed to provide a safe, convenient, and easily handling treadmill cycle which fulfils the requirement of users and love to ride on it by users. Many nature lover who loves to run or walking while feeling the nature, but stuck due to busy schedule and cannot use inconvenient treadmill cycle for traveling short distance, due to this reason, modification of treadmill cycle was required. Basically, the concept of treadmill is to transfer human energy into motion of machine. We want to give the best treadmill ride to the riders. And we have believed that, it will be the best suited device for health-conscious people. The existing treadmill cycle frame and handle are made up of mild steel and we are replacing mild steel with aluminium alloy. We are completely removing the heavy mechanism on the rear wheel and implementing simpler and easier mechanism to reduce weight of treadmill cycle. By modifying the existing treadmill cycle, we are replacing normal spoke wheel with an alloy wheel. In treadmill frame heavy rollers are completely replaced by light weight rollers.

We describe here the design and fabrication of a rewritable and reprintable paper as an alternative to conventional papers which are generally used for writing and printing purposes. This paper is prepared by casting a crosslinkable silicone on a porous template, leading to hierarchical random patterns having dimensions ranging from tens of nanometer to hundreds of micron. On the resultant rough surface, ink particles of wide ranging sizes and different surface chemical characteristics adhere via physical forces. Unlike conventional papers, in which particles get trapped inside the porous network of the cellulose fibers, here the ink particles remain accessible for cleaning via gentle shear with a rough and wet substrate. It is possible to write on this paper by different commercially available pens and to print using different printers. In almost all cases, the ink particles adhere to the paper surface strongly enough that they can not be dislodged by gentle shearing, yet adhesion can be decreased by inserting a liquid between the particles and the surface. Because of the resultant reversibility in adhesion, the paper remains usable over 200 cycles. This reusable paper is expected to be a viable alternative to the conventional papers that we use today., Comment: Main Text: Page 1 to page 32 (7 figures) Supporting Material: Page 33 to page 63 (19 figures) Description of movies Page 64 to 65 (link to drive containing 11 movies)

Different types of paper and different basis weight of the same paper are selected in order to study the relationship between paper and color reproduction. Comparing with the reference data set, the influence of paper on color reproduction is analyzed from the color difference and color gamut. The results show that the colorimetric value of paper is more closer to the reference data set, the average color difference of patches is more smaller. The color reproduction ability of offset paper is weaker than that of other paper in the experiment. The color reproduction ability of different basis weight of the same paper is also slightly different. Therefore, the type and basis weight of the paper affect the color reproduction. In the process of printing proofs, it is considered that paper has a certain impact on color reproduction.

With the development of printed electronic, the material cost needs change from film or glass to paper which is very convenient and lower cost for users. The papers suitable for printed electronics was studied based on one layer circuit. An exploratory experiment was designed to evaluate the relationship between designed line width and visual lines. According to the surface uniform and luminescent data, the rules should be gotten with different type papers. Coated paper, paperboard and offset paper have different characters in printed electronics. Coated paper is more variable than paperboard. The luminance and surface uniform data show the result that art paper and paperboard are more suitable than the other two kinds of paper in printed electronics with substrate.

1 The aim of the present work is to assess similarities between papers used in a collection of 215 lithographs by Henri Matisse. It combines the use of an anisotropic multiscale analysis built upon the hyperbolic wavelet transform to compute distances between textures, with the fact that four textures of the same print were digitized, corresponding to four different (recto/verso and top/side) views. A permutation algorithm is devised showing the importance of reordering the four views to achieve a meaningful comparison across the papers, thus suggesting possibly different artistic intentions in some prints.

Summary Most laboratories employ spin coating with application of antisolvent to achieve high efficiency in perovskite solar cells. However, this method wastes a lot of material and is not industrially usable. Conversely, large area coating techniques such as blade and slot-die require high precision engineering both for deposition of ink and for gas or for electromagnetic drying procedures that replace, out of necessity, anti-solvent engineering. Here we present a simple and effective method to deposit uniform high-quality perovskite films with a piece of paper as an applicator at low temperatures. We fabricated solar cells on flexible PET substrates manually with 11% power conversion efficiency. Deposition after soaking the sheet of paper in a green antisolvent improved the efficiency by 82% compared to when using dry paper as applicator. This new technique enables manual film deposition without any expensive equipment and has the potential to be fully automated for future optimization and exploitation., Graphical abstract, Highlights • New method for depositing perovskite films with a piece of paper is demonstrated • Soaking paper applicator in antisolvent boosts efficiency of solar cells by 82% • Paper possesses right porosity and smoothness for deposition of high quality films • Flexible perovskite solar cell efficiency made manually via paper applicator is 11%, Electronic materials; Energy materials; Surface science

CAVE is a shared narrative six degrees of freedom (6DoF) virtual reality experience. In 3.5 days, 1,927 people attended its premiere at SIGGRAPH 2018. Thirty participants at a time each saw and heard the same narrative from their own individual location in the room, as they would when attending live theater. CAVE set out to disruptively change how audiences collectively experience immersive art and entertainment. Inspired by the social gatherings of theater and cinema, CAVE resonated with viewers in powerful and meaningful ways. Its specific pairing of colocated audiences and physically shared immersive narrative suggests a possible future path for shared cinematic experiences.

Electronic paper devices based on electrophoretic layers are now predominantly limited to greyscale reproduction of (semi)static information. This has been acceptable in the past, but the near future will require color, with ever more and better colors. The final goal is a color image that challenges the performance of a color photograph. This paper describes the results of a first prototype electro-osmotic color display capable of achieving this, opening the route to bright, full color displays compatible with existing LCD infrastructure.

Many optical microscopy techniques rely on structured illumination by way of a projected image (eg. structured illumination microscopy) or a tailored angular distribution of light (eg. ptychography). Electro-optical equipment such as spatial light modulators and light emitting diode (LED) arrays are commonly used to sculpt light for these imaging schemes. However, these high-tech devices are not a requirement for light crafting. Patterned diffusely reflecting surfaces also imprint a spatio-angular structure onto reflected light. We demonstrate that paper patterned with a standard commercial printer can serve to structure the illumination light field for refocusing and stereo microscopy on a mobile phone microscope. Our results illustrate the utility of paper as a light sculpting element for low-tech computational imaging.

This Embedded Graphics libraries have evolved from OpenGL to next gen Vulkan libraries. OpenCL and CUDA have been used for many years for GPU compute on a range of SoC devices with powerful embedded GPU chipsets. OpenCL and CUDA were never able to be certified, due to the contributions from many developers. Next generation autonomous vehicles, unmanned aircraft, transportation and even military vehicles will require both graphics, as well as GPU compute to implement DSP or FPGA logic is software, as well as Deep Machine Learning. Vulkan libraries are available now and are defined by the Kronos Group, as well as this, a next generation of Vulkan safety critical library for safe Shader and GPU Compute is now available. This white paper will look at Vulkan architectures, embedded system use and the implications for using GPU Compute, where certification may be a critical requirement for ISO 26262, EN50182, IEC 61508, DO178C certifiable embedded systems.