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In recent years, the study on metabolic networks has attracted considerable attention from the research community. Though the topological structures of genome-scale metabolic networks of some organisms have been investigated, their metabolic flux distributions still remain unclear. The understanding of flux distributions in metabolic networks, especially when it comes to the gene-knockout mutants, is helpful for suggesting potential ways to improve strain design. The traditional method of flux distribution computation, i.e., flux balance analysis (FBA) method, is based on the idea of maximizing biomass yield. However, this method overestimates the production of biomass. In this paper, we develop a novel approach to overcome the drawback of the FBA method. First, we adopt a series of extended equations to model reaction flux; Second, we build the stoichiometric matrix of a metabolic network by using a more complex but accurate model - carbon mole balance - rather than mass balance used in FBA. Computation results with real-world data of Escherichia coli show that our approach outperforms FBA in the accuracy of flux distribution computation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present a new clustering algorithm, NBC, i.e., Neighborhood Based Clustering, which discovers clusters based on the neighborhood characteristics of data. The NBC algorithm has the following advantages: (1) NBC is effective in discovering clusters of arbitrary shape and different densities; (2) NBC needs fewer input parameters than the existing clustering algorithms; (3) NBC can cluster both large and high-dimensional databases efficiently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inferring Trust in dynamic and subjective environments is an interesting issue in the way to obtain a complete delegation of human-like decisions in autonomous agents. Complex mathematical algorithms have been proposed by academic researchers to be applied when there are no universally accepted evaluation criteria. In this paper we propose a method based on fuzzy logic that has been successfully compared with several of these alternatives. Our innovative approach is compared with a classic estimation method known as kalman. The convergence of both methods has been tested in a multiagent scenario where the subjectivity of evaluations adopt prefixed variability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For many companies, especially small and medium sized firms (SME), planning and implementing infrastructures for Electronic Commerce (E-Commerce) that are in line with a convincing long term strategy is too much of a challenge. This paper presents a method that supports companies with re-designing their business processes in order to take advantage of the opportunities offered by E-Commerce. For this purpose, it provides concepts to analyse and design corporate strategies as well as various modelling languages for describing and analysing business processes, resources, IT artifacts etc. In addition to that, the method provides generic strategy networks and a library of reference business processes. They allow prospective users to avoid the effort of developing strategies and new organizational settings from scratch. The modelling language that is used to describe business processes allows for transforming a business process into a corresponding workflow schema, thereby supporting the realisation of a supporting workflow management system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Web Services are seen as one of the most promising solutions for the integration of autonomous, heterogonous e-business systems. Today's e-commerce systems often involve a combination of multiple Web Services, which are implemented via a mix of technologies such as Business Process Markup Language (BPML), Business Process Execution Language for Web Services (BPEL4WS), and Web Service Choreography Interface (WSCI). Recently, the application of Model Driven Architecture (MDA) to Web Services has received considerable attention. However, most of existing literature deals with the static aspects of Web Service modelling. This paper focuses on the behavioral aspect of the composition of Web Services using a Meta Object Facility (MOF) compliant metamodel for BPEL4WS. The paper presents a transformation of the Unified Modelling Language (UML) Activity diagram to the BPEL4WS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integration of business processes requires the integration of both the structure and behaviour of the data objects involved. Research in federated information systems has so far mainly addressed integration of object structure or if based on behavior representation, assumed identity of the lower level operations to be integrated. Based on earlier work that showed how a fine differentiation between the possible semantic correspondences could be used to improve the classification process, in this paper we examine business processes from the perspective of a prospective integration tool or designer and likewise provide a classification of different types of similarities between the activities in a process. From this classification, we develop a set of options for integration of business processes and, going to a more detailed level, present the set of choices available depending on particular types of correspondences between the activities of the processes that are to be integrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The introduction of an EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) system in a particular sector is a complex problem involving different organisational, technological and human aspects. Formal systematic methodologies must be used to resolve these problems and facilitate the implementation of new EDI systems. However, the literature offers no examples of this type of methodology. Therefore, in this paper we present a methodology that describes the activities and techniques required to develop (1) a sectoral profile for EDI messages under internationally accepted standards and (2) a set of guidelines for implementation that helps EDI to be incorporated in a quick and simple manner. The methodology was developed from the experience acquired in the course of different EDI implementation projects carried out in different sectors. In order to illustrate how the process works, in this paper we have used a case study in which our methodology was put into practise to develop an EDI standard for enterprises in the tile sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, consumer oriented information systems development has become increasingly important matter, as more and more complex information systems are targeted towards consumer markets. We argue that developing IS for non-organizational users creates new problems, which IS and requirement engineering (RE) community should attend to. First of all, the elicitation of requirements becomes more difficult as usually consumers do not explicitly know what they want, and it is difficult for them to express their ideas. To support different views of product development, project management and design, the method should present requirements in a ‘rich enough' way to avoid overloading management, but in the same time giving designers the detailed information they need. Furthermore, to facilitate iterative requirements development the method should allow for rapid development of prototypes from designs. To support these goals we have constructed an enhanced requirements elicitation and mobile system construction method and its support environment within Metaedit+ Meta CASE tool. We based our method on Critical Success Chains (CSC) method, which supports top-down approach for planning, but also provides for wide participation of IS customers to get rich information. The high level results of CSC are turned into mobile applications running in Symbian platform by using a novel domain specific method that supports generation of executable environments from specifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a conceptual modeling approach for requirements engineering for e-business systems that enables alignment of systems requirements with business strategy. Jackson problem diagrams and goal modeling are employed to capture business strategy. As a means of linking abstract, high-level business requirements to low-level system requirements, we leverage the paradigm of projection in both problem diagrams and goal models in parallel. We use Jackson context diagrams to describe the business model domain context. Goal modeling is used to both represent requirements and describe the objectives of business strategy. The feasibility of the approach is demonstrated by its application to a case study from the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Each nation's architecture for the m-Government including Korea's is being laid out somewhat differently according to its strategy, approach, and its own structural conditions and challenges. Despite such differences, all of them are making numerous efforts to establish the advanced service architecture for the m-Government. In the meantime, they are confused in securing and managing strategic resources which are needed to create constant mobile values, diversifying wired and wireless connection sections, and dealing with technological complexities and differences in various kinds of mobile technologies. Therefore, this study proposes the m-Government service architecture, which can effectively provide nationwide m-Governmental services. It also defines key components of the m-Government service architecture and specific characteristics of applied technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the democracy-oriented regulatory and legal requirements that e-democracy impacts. The short term perspective of the questions put before the electorate obliterate the long term perspective in which many policy problems have to be seen. A well-designed e-voting system should produce an audit trail that is even stronger than that of conventional systems (including paper-based systems). Remote Internet voting systems pose significant risk to the integrity of the voting process, and should not be fielded for use in public elections until substantial technical and social science issues are addressed. Conclusively the paper focuses on the specific attributes an electronic voting (polling place) system should respect and ensure such as transparency, verifiability, accountability, security and accuracy in relation to the constitutional requirements such as General, Free, Equal, Secret, Direct and Democratic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we describe an application of the lexical resource JurWordNet and of the Core Legal Ontology as a descriptive vocabulary for modeling legal domains. It can be viewed as the semantic component of a global standardisation framework for digital governments. A content description model provides a repository of structured knowledge aimed at supporting the semantic interoperability between sectors of Public Administration and the communication processes towards citizen. Specific conceptual models built from this base will act as a cognitive interface able to cope with specific digital government issues and to improve the interaction between citizen and Public Bodies. As a Case study, the representation of the click-on licences for re-using Public Sector Information is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Web services are deemed as the natural choice for deploying e-government applications. Their use enables e-government to fully get advantage of the envisioned Semantic Web. In this paper, we propose WebDG, a comprehensive Web Service Management System for e-government applications. It aims to improve government-citizen interactions through an infrastructure built around the "life experience" of citizens. WebDG provides a framework for automatically composing e-government services, optimized querying services, and preserving privacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Actual detectors of traffic information in Korea adopt the loop detector system. The evaluation of alternative detector of the above system such as camera or microwave detector has been limited to the situation for uninterrupted flow instead of interrupted one. However, recently the installation of camera-detectors tends to be rapidly increased in freeways. In the case of camera detector, it appears to satisfy the requirement of measurement accuracy of traffic variables such as occupancy, traffic amount and speed in the interval unit of 5 or 15 min of uninterrupted flow situation. This study is to understand the traffic information data collection level required in the sophistication of future Korean traffic control in focusing on city map and freeways and to analyze and evaluate the loop detector as alternative for camera detector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents an Integrated E-Community System (IECS) for management, decision and service, designed for the e-government project of the Haishu District of Ningbo, Zhejiang, China. The project need is to promote the integration of management information and service information of all communities in the district, providing a unified platform on which different departments of the district government can share and exchange community information, government users can analyze information and make decisions, and outside users can access and request service information. To meet the project need, the IECS consists of five parts: 1) The Central Database (CDB) that stores all information related with management, decision and service of the communities; 2) The Information Extracting Subsystem (IES) that extracts data from many data sources, transforms and loads it into the CDB for system administrators; 3) The Information Management Subsystem (IMS) that provides information querying and sharing for government users, and information maintenance, rights management and log management for system administrators; 4) The Intelligent Analysis Subsystem (IAS) that extracts analysis-related data from the CDB and loads it into a data warehouse, and provides multi-dimensional analysis and decision-making function for government users; 5) The Information Service Website (ISW) by which the government users and system administrators can collect and release management and service information, and outside users can access required information. The IECS supports management, decision and service of a government based on a unified data platform - the CDB. It also ensures data security by providing different workplaces and rights for different users. In the real application, the system works well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agents are a potential technology with many applications. It is urgent to develop appropriate methodologies for the development and deployment of agent-oriented applications. This paper presents Agent Factory Development Methodology (AFDM), a cohesive methodology, to support the development of agent-oriented applications. On the other hand agent cloning is considered one of the possible approaches to avoid system overloading. In later sections of this paper, agent cloning is designed and implemented as an example through the AFDM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Web services have not exploited sufficient semantics and approaches to dynamic service-oriented operations. Software agents have been developed for these operations. Current efforts on integrating Web services and agents are predominantly concerned with enabling the agents in existing systems to request, provide or broker Web services. This paper presents the notion of agent-based Web services (AWS) and describes an integration framework that utilizes software agents' model to construct semantic and dynamic Web services. Essential concerns about the integration have been addressed. Basic AWS meta model and model-driven integrated development environment (IDE) have been developed. The IDE has been evaluated by a case study of an e-Marketplace service, reverse auction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the conceptual modelling of Belief, Desire and Intention (BDI) Agents within an Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS). A two stage modelling process is presented during which a combination of existing modelling techniques are employed. Initially an overall analysis and functional decomposition of the complex ITS is performed using recognized modelling procedures from the area of object oriented software engineering. Finally, the BDI agents' state (belief, desire, intention, goals and plans) are modelled using techniques particular to the area of agent oriented software engineering. Epistemic and modal logic are employed as a modelling language. Specific attention is paid to the modelling and observations of social interactions among Intelligent Agents (IA) in the ITS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The benefits of agent mobility have been recognized for a variety of applications such as wireless ad hoc environments and network management. Mobile agent toolkits have been developed in response; however, they do not address the need for conceptual modeling techniques required for the analysis and design phases of mobile agent applications. On the other hand, conceptual level modeling techniques developed as part of Agent Oriented Software Engineering methodologies do not specifically address the requirement for modeling mobility. This paper represents a first step towards developing support for conceptual modeling of mobile agents, in terms of an ontology describing the abstract concepts and inter-relationships required to model agent mobility. The specific aim of this paper is to present an ontology that is widely applicable, not constrained by the peculiarities of any one mobile agent toolkit or application, and specified using an easily understood informal vocabulary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To specify, verify, and reason about mobile multi-agent systems, we need a fundamental logic system to provide us with a criterion of logical validity as well as a representation and specification language. Because design and development of mobile multi-agent systems primarily concern that what decisions and how the decisions can be made by mobile agents with incomplete or even inconsistent knowledge acting concurrently in spatial regions changing over time, the fundamental logic must be able to underlie truth-preserving and relevant reasoning in the sense of conditional, ampliative reasoning, paracomplete reasoning, paraconsistent reasoning, spatial reasoning, and temporal reasoning. Since no existing logic system can satisfy the requirements, this paper proposes a new family of logic, named "spatio-temporal relevant logic," and shows that it is a hopeful candidate for the fundamental logic we need. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social and intentional behaviours appear as two main components of the agent paradigm. Methods of conventional software engineering do not seem to be appropriate to gain a full knowledge of these behavioural aspects, as they are not traditional software components. Their study involves new concepts and techniques, belonging to social sciences, to be integrated into software development. In this paper we show how to use the Activity Theory as a support for current Multi-Agent System methodologies. The application of the same social concepts at every stage of the development cycle allows requirements traceability, and provides methods to describe social properties and decide whether the specification satisfies them or not. The use of the approach is shown with a case study. Keywords:Multi-Agent Systems Development, Activity Theory, Activity Checklist, Requirements Elicitation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Schema evolution is the ability of the database to respond to changes in the real world by allowing the schema to evolve. The multidimensional conditionally evolving schema(MD-CES) is a conceptual model for conditional schema changes, which modify the schema of those tuples that satisfy the change condition. The MD-CES is lossless and preserves schemas, but has an exponential space complexity. In this paper we restrict conditional schema changes to timestamp attributes. Specifically, we develop 1D-CES for schema versioning over one time dimension, and 2D-CES for schema versioning over two time dimensions. We show that the space complexity of these new evolution models is linear or polynomial. 1D-CES and 2D-CES are compared to temporal schema versioning, and we show that, unlike valid time versioning, they are lossless and achieve the same space complexity as temporal versioning if the schema changes are ordered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Database evolution can be considered a combination ofschema evolution, in which the structure evolves with the addition and deletion of attributes and relations, together with domain evolution in which an attribute's specification, semantics and/or range of allowable values changes. We present a model in which mesodata - an additional domain definition layer containing domain structure and intelligence - is used to alleviate and in some cases obviate the need for data conversion or coercion. We present the nature and use of mesodata as it affects domain evolution, such as when a domain changes, when the semantics of a domain alter and when the attribute's specification is modified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As several mature implementations of data warehousing systems are fully operational, a crucial role in preserving their up-to-dateness is played by the ability to manage the changes that the data warehouse (DW) schema undergoes over time in response to evolving business requirements. In this paper we propose an approach to schema versioning in DWs, where the designer may decide to undertake some actions on old data aimed at increasing the flexibility in formulating cross-version queries, i.e., queries spanning multiple schema versions. After introducing an algebra of DW schema operations, we define a history of versions for data warehouse schemata and discuss the relationship between the temporal horizon spanned by a query and the schema on which it can consistently be formulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adoption of a logical model for temporal, data-intensive Web sites is proposed together with a methodology for the development. The model allows the definition of page-schemes with temporal aspects (which could be related to the page as a whole or to individual components of it). The design process follows a development that starts with a traditional E-R scheme; the various steps lead to a temporal E-R scheme, to a navigation scheme and finally to a T-ADM scheme. A tool associated with the methodology has been developed: it automatically generates both the relational database (with the temporal features needed) supporting the site and the actual Web pages, which can be dynamic (JSP) or static (plain HTML), or a combination thereof. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the main challenges in data integration systems is the maintenance of the mappings between the mediation schema and the source schemas. In a dynamic environment, such mappings must be flexible enough in order to accommodate new data sources and new users' requirements. In this context, we address a novel and complex problem that consists in propagating a change event occurring at the source level or at the user level into the mediation level. We propose an incremental approach to develop the mediation schema and the mediation queries based on the evolution of the data source schemas and the evolution of the users' requirements. The proposed approach allows the mediation level to evolve incrementally and modifications can be handled easier increasing the system flexibility and scalability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There exist several recent approaches that leverages the use of model transformations during software development. The existence of different kinds of models, at different levels of abstraction, involves the necessity of transferring knowledge from one model to another. This framework can also be applied in the context of metadata management for database evolution, in which transformations are needed both to translate schemata from one level to another and to modify existing schemata. In this paper we introduce the notions of translation rule and elementary translation which are used within a forward database maintenance strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ontology provides a system of basic primitives, terms, concepts and axioms that constitute the model. We present an ontology-based evolutionary model management framework that authors can build their models without concern for the complicated consistency and evolutionary management among multiple view models based on the ontology. Our ontological approach to evolutionary management is that we deeply analyze and clarify generic principles of knowledge construction and modeling premises. In this paper, we first consider the fundamental issues of conceptual relations and identity. And we suggest our philosophy that can deal explicitly with authors' viewpoint and their viewpoint change/movement. Then, we show our evolutionary model management framework taking simple examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When evolving Conceptual Schemas (CS) one of the most common operations is the removal of some model elements. This removal affects the set of integrity constraints (IC) defined over the CS. Most times they must be modified to remain consistent with the evolved CS. The aim of this paper is to define an automatic evolutionary method to delete only the minimum set of constraints (or some of their parts) needed to keep the consistency with the CS after subtract operations. We consider that a set of constraints is consistent with an evolved CS when: 1) none of them refer to an element removed from the original CS and 2) the set of constraints is equal or less restrictive than the original one. In this paper we present our method assuming CS defined in UML with ICs specified in OCL, but it can be applied to other languages with similar results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much of the information on the Web is stored in specialized searchable databases and can only be accessed by interacting with a form or a series of forms. As a result, enabling automated agents and Web crawlers to interact with form-based interfaces designed primarily for humans is of great value. This paper describes a system that can fill out Web forms automatically according to a given user query against an ontological description of an application domain and, to the extent possible, can extract just the relevant data behind these Web forms. Experimental results on two application domains show that the approach can work well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CORBA (Common Object Request Broker Architecture) is one of the popular technologies that can be used to construct enterprise level application systems. However, none of conventional middleware technologies will dominate the software industry alone; therefore interoperability becomes one of the most crucial issues. Web Services is a kind of new Web application shape which shields from the existence of different middleware platforms and programming language abstractions. This paper firstly presents two models for wrapping CORBA objects to Web Services, and then analyzes some key technologies such as scalable architecture, SOAP/IIOP protocol datatype mapping, unified service providing infrastructure etc. Finally, it gives some tests and performance comparison on top of StarWebService that is developed by our team. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Web services have emerged as a new computing paradigm for information integration and sharing. The interfaces of Web services can evolve to adapt to the dynamic and autonomic nature of business workflows. As such, it is difficult to define interface rules between any couple of collaborative services. How to cope with the information exchange among such services is an important and challenging problem in the realization of service composition. This paper studies the problem and presents grammar based method by taking advantage of the XML documents exchanged among the services. Preliminary experiments showed that the grammar based method is promising in terms of efficiency and robustness under the dynamic Web environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Locating specific chunks (records) of information within documents on the web is an interesting and nontrivial problem. If the problem of locating and separating records can be solved well, the longstanding problem of grouping extracted values into appropriate relationships in a record structure can be more easily resolved. Our solution is a hybrid of two well established techniques: (1) ontology-based extraction [ECJ+99] and (2) vector space modeling [SM83]. To show that the technique has merit, we apply it to the particularly challenging task of locating and separating records for genealogical web documents, which tend to vary considerably in layout and format. Experiments we have conducted show this technique yields an average of 92% recall and 93% precision for locating and separating genealogical records in web documents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We target at the growing topic of representing and searching time-series data. A new MABI (Moving Average Based Indexing) technique is proposed to improve the performance of the similarity searching in large time-series databases. Notions of Moving average and Euclidean distances are introduced to represent the time-series data and to measure the distance between two series. Based on the distance reducing rate relation theorem, the MABI technique has the ability to prune the unqualified sequences out quickly in similarity searches and to restrict the search to a much smaller range, compare to the data in question. Finally the paper reports some results of the experiment on a stock price data set, and shows the good performance of MABI method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The semantic web envisions a World Wide Web in which data is described with rich semantics and applications can pose complex queries. Ontologies, a cornerstone of the semantic web, have gained wide popularity as a model of information in a given domain that can be used for many purposes, including enterprise integration, database design, information retrieval and information interchange on the World Wide Web. Much of the current focus on ontologies has been on the development of languages such as DAML+OIL and OWL that enable the creation of ontologies and provide extensive semantics for Web data, and on answering intensional queries, that is, queries about the structure of an ontology. However, it is almost certain that the many of the semantic web queries will be extensional and to flourish, the semantic web will need to accommodate the huge amounts of existing data that is described by the ontologies and the applications that operate on them. Given the established record of relational databases to store and query large amounts of data, in this paper we present a set of techniques to provide a lossless mapping of an OWL ontology to a relational schema and the corresponding instances to data. We present preliminary experiments that compare the efficiency of the mapping techniques in terms of query performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ontology provides sharing knowledge among different data sources which will help to clarify the semantics of information. OWL is being promoted as a standard for web ontology language, thus in the future a considerable number of ontologies will be created based on OWL. Therefore automatically detecting semantic conflicts based on OWL will greatly expedite the step to achieve semantic interoperability, and will greatly reduce the manual work to detect semantic conflicts. In this paper, we summarize seven cases based on OWL in which semantic conflicts are easily to be encountered, and for each case, we give a rule to resolve the conflict. Via a series of examples, we show how this method works. Based on the seven cases, we propose a semantic conflicts detection and resolution algorithm. This aims at providing a semi-automatic method for semantic uniform data interoperability and integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The association rule mining is an important topic in recent data mining research. In this paper, a new association rule mining method based on the multiple-dimensional item attributes is proposed through the Market Basket Analysis. The corresponding average weight support is defined, and the AWMAR algorithm is described in detail. Finally, the performance study and results analysis of the improved algorithm is presented. AWMAR algorithm is effective for mining the association rules with acceptable running time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sensor networks are among the fastest growing technologies that have the potential of changing our lives drastically. These collaborative, dynamic and distributed computing and communicating systems are generating large amounts of data continuously. Finding useful patterns in large sensor data sets is a tempting however challenging task. In this paper, a clustering approach, CL2, CLuster and CLique, is proposed. CL2 can not only identify clusters in a multi-dimensional sensor dataset, discover the overall distribution patterns of the dataset, but also can be used for partitioning the sensor nodes into subgroups for task subdivision or energy management. CL2's time efficiency, and accuracy of mining are evaluated through several experiments. A theoretic analysis of the algorithm is also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces the architecture and algorithms of TCMiner: a high performance data mining system for multi-dimensional data analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine prescriptions. The system has the following competing advantages: (1) High Performance (2) Multi-dimensional Data Analysis Capability (3) High Flexibility (4) Powerful Interoperability (5) Special Optimization for TCM. This data mining system can work as a powerful assistant for TCM experts by conducting Traditional Chinese Medicine Data Mining such as Computer-Aided Medicine Pairing Analysis, Medicine Syndrome Correlation, Quality and Flavor Trend Analysis, and Principal Components Analysis and Prescriptions Reduction etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]