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Internet of Things (IoT) devices have connected millions of houses around the globe via the internet. In the recent past, threats due to hardware Trojan (HT) in the integrated circuits (IC) have become a serious concern, which affects IoT edge devices (IoT-ED). In this paper, the possibility of the IoT-ED with embedded HT that can cause serious security, privacy, and availability problems to the IoT based Home Area Network (HAN) has been discussed. Conventional network attack detection techniques work at the network protocol layers, whereas IoT-ED with HT can lead to the peculiar manifestation of attack at the physical and/or firmware level. On the other hand, in the IC design, most of the HT-based attack detection techniques require design time intervention, which is expensive for many of the IoT-ED and cannot guarantee 100% immunity. The argument in this paper is that the health of modern IoT-ED requires a final line of defense against possible HT-based attacks that goes undetected during IC design and test. The approach is to utilize power profiling (PP) and network traffic (NT) data without intervening into the IC design to detect malicious activity in HAN. The proposed technique is to effectively identify multiple attacks concurrently and to differentiate between different types of attacks. The IoT-ED behaviors for five different types of random attacks have been studied, including covert channel, DoS, ARQ, power depletion, and impersonation attacks. Data fusion has been leveraged by combining the PP and NT data and is able to detect, without design time intervention, each of the five attacks individually with up to 99% accuracy. Moreover, the proposed technique can also detect all the attacks concurrently with 92% accuracy. To the best of authors' knowledge, this is the first work where multiple HT based attacks are concurrently detected in IoT-ED without requiring any design time intervention.

The 5G technology has raised new security issues in the new communication paradigm as there are more devices in the network. Internet-of-Things devices, including smart home devices, will be allowed to connect, communicate, and share data faster than ever. In the context of a Home Area Network (HAN) where smart home appliances are monitored and controlled in real-time, the explosive growth of networked devices poses an elevated security threat to data provenance. This paper focuses on data provenance issues in a HAN within a smart metering infrastructure. We propose a comprehensive yet efficient solution to guarantee that the reported energy usage is collected from the real appliance as claimed, at the designated location, and that it reflects the real consumption by the appliance.

Smart societies have an increasing demand for quality-oriented services and infrastructure in an industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) paradigm. Smart urbanization faces numerous challenges. Among them, secured energy demand-side management (DSM) is of particular concern. The IIoT renders the industrial systems to malware, cyberattacks, and other security risks. The IIoT with the amalgamation of big data analytics can provide efficient solutions to such challenges. This paper proposes a secured and trusted multi-layered DSM engine for a smart social society using IIoT-based big data analytics. The major objective is to provide a generic secured solution for smart societies in IIoT environment. The proposed engine uses a centralized approach to achieve optimum DSM over a home area network. To enhance the security of this engine, a payload-based authentication scheme is utilized that relies on a lightweight handshake mechanism. Our proposed method utilizes the lightweight features of the constrained application protocol to facilitate the clients in monitoring various resources residing over the server in an energy-efficient manner. In addition, data streams are processed using big data analytics with MapReduce parallel processing. The proposed authentication approach is evaluated using NetDuino Plus 2 boards that yield a lower connection overhead, memory consumption, response time, and a robust defense against various malicious attacks. On the other hand, our data processing approach is tested on reliable datasets using Apache Hadoop with Apache Spark to verify the proposed DMS engine. The test results reveal that the proposed architecture offers valuable insights into the smart social societies in the context of IIoT.

In this paper, we present a secure system to control devices at home through the web, which we implement based on the Do It Yourself (DIY) culture. We use a model based on the Goal Question Metric approach to evaluate the quality of our system. Given that we are now in the era of the Internet of Things (IoT), security must be at the same level or even in a higher priority than other aspects such as speed, size, and power consumption. The objective of this work is to verify that acceptable levels of confidentiality, integrity, availability, access control, authentication and non-repudiation can be guaranteed in open platforms such as Arduino, Galileo, Energia, Tiva C, among others. Taking into account these platforms, we developed a system with access control that implements motion detection, light control, and generates a power consumption record. The results show a comparison between our security implementation and other authors’ implementation. © 2019, Springer Nature Switzerland AG. We would like to thank the anonymous WEA reviewers for their comments and feedback on the ideas in this paper and Tecnologica de Bolivar University for their support.

In this paper we present an approach to transform Home Area Network (HAN) model, described in SDL (Specification and Description Language), into DTPromela (Discrete-Time Promela) model. The aim is to prepare the DTPromela model in order to verify and validate our system and to check some of its properties, using the model checking techniques with Discrete-Time SPIN. Firstly, we translate manually the SDL model into an intermediate format IF. Then we use the if2pml tool to get the DTPromela model. This work presents the main steps of this translation, and focuses especially on the SDL constructs which cannot be represented trivially in DTPromela.

Among the principals for securing smart grid infrastructure, accountability is one with lesser addressed concepts in smart grid literature. Even further, studies in the home area network are lacking in enforcement of accountable mechanisms as assigning responsibilities for devices’ actions are generally made the responsibility of the utility. This paper addresses accountability of devices in the home area network by providing a witness-based method for more accurate monitoring and estimation of the energy usage for devices whose power consumption varies while these devices are powered on. Algorithm analysis and simulation results show that the method is effective, and the method is well within the acceptable rate of error based on today's standards of estimation without need of previous knowledge of device profiles. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The paper discusses Home Area Networks (HAN) communication technologies for smart home and domestic application integration. The work is initiated by identifying the application areas that can benefit from this integration. A broad and inclusive home communication interface is analysed utilizing as a key piece a Gateway based on machine-to-machine (M2M) communications that interacts with the surrounding environment. Then, the main wireless networks are thoroughly assessed, and later, their suitability to the requirements of HAN considering the application area is analysed. Finally, a qualitative analysis is portrayed.

Securing the network communication for the smart grid, it is important that a secure key distribution and management scheme is needed. Advanced metering Infrastructure (AMI) is considered as integral part of the smart grid that collects and analyzes the information of energy consumption using the communication network. In order to achieve data confidentiality, privacy, and authentication in AMI, various crypto algorithms are used, such as demand key distribution and management schemes. Investigation on properly designed key distribution and management scheme for securely gathering both individual and aggregated meter’s readings is one of the critical requirements. In this paper, we propose a secure key distribution for Home Area Network (HAN) in smart grid. In this paper, we propose a new key distribution and management scheme, which uses identification scheme of Wu – Hsu and tailored to smart grid. We also give the scheme for key update/freshness and key revocation. Specifically, a group ID based mechanism is proposed to establish the keys for a large amount of users with small overload.

International audience; Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) serve as a key enabling technology for various smart initiatives, such as Smart Power Grids, by virtue of providing a self-organized wireless communication superhighway that is capable of monitoring the health and performance of system assets as well as enabling efficient trouble shooting notifications. Despite this promise, the current routing protocols in WMNs are fairly limited, particularly in the context of smart initiatives. Additionally, managing and upgrading these protocols is a difficult and error-prone task since the configuration must be enforced individually at each router. Software-Defined Networking (SDN) shows promise in this regard since it enables creating a customizable and programmable network data plane. However, SDN research to date has focused predominantly on wired networks, e.g., in cloud computing, but seldom on wireless communications and specifically WMNs. This paper addresses the limitations in SDN for WMNs by allowing the refactoring of the wireless protocol stack so as to provide modular and flexible routing decisions as well as fine-grained flow control. To that end, we describe an intelligent network architecture comprising a three-stage routing approach suitable for WMNs in uses cases, such as Smart Grids, that provides an efficient and affordable coverage as well as scalable high bandwidth capacity. Experimental results evaluating our approach for various QoS metrics like latency and bandwidth utilization show that our solution is suitable for the requirements of mission-critical WMNs.

Strengthening of Smart Grid functionalities has become the need of the 21st Century. Security evolves to be the primary concern at the deployment level of Smart Grids. Cyber security threats and vulnerabilities in Smart grid Network needs to be addressed before the deployment of the Smart Grid. Our proposed intrusion detection scheme identifies anomalies in the Smart Grid traffic and detects attacks like flooding which causes Denial of Service in Smart Grid Networks. This paper applies k-Means algorithm for clustering of traffic data and outlier detection for the data transmitted between utility Centre and the Smart Homes. Performance of the algorithm has been compared with other clustering algorithms and the results were found to have higher percentage in anomaly detection.

Electricity transmission and distribution in most of the countries are needed to be improved by the construction of new networks. These improvements are not that much cost effective and if cost is tried to be reduced then the quality and efficiency of the system is compromised which is not suitable at all for the current system. In addition obtaining planning permission and carrying out construction is so much difficult in busy cities. The main objective of this research is to monitor and control frequency deviation. A simple MATLAB controlling and monitoring system is being developed and the ARDUINO DAQ card is used to calculate the frequency deviation. The purpose of respective research is basically based on a dummy load which is used to show the usage of particular equipment’s used in a home such as fridge, freezer ,oven , lighting system, and domestic wet appliances such as washer dryer which are attached these to a DAQ and then to a controlling and monitoring GUI MATLAB based. However, this research is focused on the monitoring and controlling of the frequency deviation.

This paper presents GRiNGA, a middleware based on service-oriented grids to support the development of interactive TV applications. The nodes of GRiNGA are typically personal devices of a Home Area Network (HAN), such as notebooks and mobile phones, which can be accessed by a settop box with Ginga middleware, the standard component of the Brazilian Digital Television System (SBTVD). GRiNGA (Grid + Ginga) takes advantages of idle resources from HAN devices, in order to improve the execution of more demanding interactive applications.

The electricity industry is entering a new era, which adds powerful and innovative features to the current power grid. Home area networks (HAN) are integral in the operation of this cyber-physical infrastructure and has generally been considered one of the most insecure and vulnerable areas of the smart grid. Literature in the area is lacking and accountability in the HAN is seldom discussed. In this paper, accountability in the HAN is studied. We propose a method, which provides for grouping and inspection of the devices in a HAN in order to pinpoint malicious devices efficiently therein. With this, a higher level of fine-grained accountability can be achieved in the smart grid HAN. The experimental results show that the method is effective in its efficiency and scheme.

Smart Energy Home Area Networks (SE-HAN) enable two-way communication between utility companies and HAN devices. Due to multifaceted nature of SE-HAN, securely managing SE-HAN is very challenging. In this paper, we propose a device authentication mechanism for smart energy home area network. The proposed mechanism is more robust and secure than the existing one.

With the advance of home networking technologies, people now enjoy increased communications convenience whilst occasionally suffering annoyance from trivial issues. The automated application of appropriate expertise can support ordinary users in managing and diagnosing their own network, despite being unfamiliar with the basic technologies. This presents a significant opportunity to increase user satisfaction and reduce support costs. As a part of my PhD research, this paper proposes an expert knowledge derived approach to manage, diagnose and resolve network problems in real time through a user-friendly visual interface derived from semantically annotated heterogeneous raw network monitoring data. This approach has been implemented in an early prototype - Home Area Network Monitoring System (HANMS). A detailed description of the current stage of this research and future work is addressed in this paper.

Smart Grid (SG) technology aims at bringing the world's aging electric grids into the twenty first century. To this end, the current power grids require to be overlayed with a robust communications system. Home Area Network (HAN) is an important part of the SG communications framework through which the end-users are able to communicate with the electricity provider. In a HAN, there is typically a smart-meter and a number of electric appliances. Most of the proposals to-date have agreed upon using IEEE 802.15.4 wireless technology dubbed as ZigBee for the HAN communications amongst the smart meter and the various electric appliances. Although ZigBee provides few security features, the technology still suffers from a number of security vulnerabilities, particularly in case of SG HAN. In this paper, we describe a HANIdentifier (HANId) conflict attack against ZigBee for HAN communications and demonstrate the impact of the attack on SG communications through computer simulations. Finally, we also envision an appropriate framework to prevent the attack.