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Smartphones are widely accessed by all genders, ages, and statuses with the increasing use rate of older adults. When people grow up to older adults, they meet physical declines such as blurred vision, tremor in hands, and arms, slowness of movement, or postural of a humpback. These age-related conditions affect how they live and use the smartphone. However, some seldom go out for older adults' activities due to their physical impairment and diseases. They might have lower competencies than normal older adults. In this article, the test was conducted on 26 homebound older adults. The current investigation was concerned with their competencies of vision, hearing, touching, and memorizing to find appropriate average results for them. We found the scores value regarding font size, color contrast, icon size, a touching point on each button on the screen, keyboard's size, scrolling area, etc., which they can perform effectively on the smartphone. The main findings render a significant and unique contribution to the design community to use it as a guideline or standard for every designer who wants to design assisted technology by using a touch screen interface for home-bound older adults to conveniently access and efficiently use. Further, it also helps to improve the quality of life among older adults.

The pervasive penetration of mobile smart devices has significantly enriched Internet applications and undoubtedly reshaped the way that users access Internet services. Different from traditional desktop applications, mobile Internet applications require users to input via touch screens and view outputs on the displays with considerably limited size. The significant conflict between the limited-size of touch screens and the richness of online media contents widely exists in dynamic-viewport mobile applications, a class of mobile Internet applications that download contents beyond the user's viewing region (referred to as viewport ). As dynamic-viewport mobile applications usually use HTTP for content downloading, to improve their quality of experience (QoE) and cost efficiency, in this paper, we present a Mobile-Friendly HTTP middleware (MF-HTTP), which can interpret user touch screen inputs and optimize the HTTP downloading of media objects for such applications. We first demystify screen scrolling in mobile operating systems and precisely break down the viewport moving process. We identify the key influential factors for media object downloading and develop an optimal download scheme. Towards building a practical middleware, we further discuss and address the implementation issues in detail. We implement a MF-HTTP prototype based on Android platforms and evaluate the performance of MF-HTTP by conducting concrete case studies on two representative dynamic-viewport mobile applications, namely, web browsing and 360-degree video streaming.

Some respondents make careless responses due to the “satisficing,” which is an attempt to complete a questionnaire as quickly and easily as possible. To obtain results that reflect a fact, detecting satisficing and excluding the responses with satisficing from the analysis targets are required. One of the devised methods detects satisficing by adding questions that check violations of instructions and inconsistencies. However, this approach may cause respondents to lose their motivation and prompt them to satisficing. Additionally, a deep learning model that automatically answers these questions was reported. This threatens the reliability of the conventional method. To detect careless responses without inserting such screening questions, machine learning (ML) detection using data obtained from answer results was attempted in a previous study, with a detection rate of 55.6%, which is not sufficient from the viewpoint of practicality. Therefore, we hypothesized that a supervised ML model with a higher detection rate could be constructed by using on-screen answering behavior as features. However, (1) no existing questionnaire system can record on-screen answering behavior and (2) even if the answering behavior can be recorded, it is unclear which answering behavior features are associated with satisficing. We developed an answering behavior recording plug-in for LimeSurvey, an online questionnaire system used all over the world, and collected a large amount of data (from 5,692 people) in Japan. Then, a variety of features were examined and generated from answering behavior, and we constructed ML models to detect careless responses. We call this detection method the ML-ABS (ML-based answering behavior scale). Evaluation by cross-validation demonstrated that the detection rate for careless responses was 85.9%, which is much higher than the previous ML method. Among the various features we proposed, we found that reselecting the Likert scale and scrolling particularly contributed to the detection of careless responses.

This article presents a study concerning the evaluation of a smart home control system for elderly people with a sample of 10 users in a city in the interior of Brazil. The control system consisted of a prototype using a Web-based mobile application, developed considering requirements obtained from a previous study and recommendations from the literature. The test participants were over 60 years old and had basic experience in the use of smartphones and computers. Success rates in the execution of activities, difficulty levels in carrying out activities, satisfaction, motivation, and control feelings were analyzed. We noted that the application had a satisfactory acceptance level by the participants, showing good results with the tests applied. As main implications for the design, the study showed the importance of clearly identifying the users’ whereabouts in the house in the application, not hiding information under scrolling, using images and videos appropriately in help systems to avoid confusion, limiting the number of windows open to keep context, avoiding unclear interactive elements to favor direct affordances, and proximity on the screen to group rooms and appliances visually. The results from the study can contribute to improving interaction with smart home systems for elderly people, especially in countryside parts of developing countries.

Migration biographies have been used for decades to retell lived migration experiences, however, they only partially represent these experiences. Emergent geospatial technologies can add to migration biographies, creating novel performances and representations of migrants’ experiences. In this paper I reflect on my use of geospatial technologies within biographical interviews to build upon the traditional migration biography. International and domestic migrants to the Maroochy area in Queensland, Australia were interviewed about each of their moves over a lifetime, with their narratives of movement visually represented using Google Earth. I consider how the participants’ interacted with the Google Earth interface as a ‘digital body’, performing their lived experiences of migration. Multiple layers of meaning were produced through mapping migrants’ experiences, requiring a critical, reflexive approach. I then combined the transcribed narratives and mapped migration paths with Google Earth’s satellite imagery as a Qualitative Geographical Information Systems (QualGIS) analysis approach, to create mapped migration biographies. Here, I present excerpts of three migration biographies, and discuss the difficulties and opportunities for the use of QualGIS to represent the participants’ experiences. Digital mapping added mobile, tactile and visual aspects to narratives produced through traditional biographical methods, changing the performance and representation of the migrants’ experiences within the interview. This critical and reflexive evaluation of the method reveals how geospatial technologies can add to the researchers’ toolbox to explore migrants’ lived experiences.

The presentation of radiology exams can be enhanced through the use of dynamic images. Dynamic images differ from static images by the use of animation and are especially useful for depicting real-time activity such as the scrolling or the flow of contrast to enhance pathology. This is generally superior to a collection of static images as a representation of clinical workflow and provides a more robust appreciation of the case in question. Dynamic images can be shared electronically to facilitate teaching, case review, presentation, and sharing of interesting cases to be viewed in detail on a computer or mobile devices for education. The creation of movies or animated images from radiology data has traditionally been challenging based on technological limitations inherent in converting the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) standard to other formats or concerns related to the presence of protected health information (PHI). The solution presented here, named Cinebot, allows a simple “one-click” generation of anonymized dynamic movies or animated images within the picture archiving and communication system (PACS) workflow. This approach works across all imaging modalities, including stacked cross-sectional and multi-frame cine formats. Usage statistics over 2 years have shown this method to be well-received and useful throughout our enterprise. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s10278-020-00325-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Reading with central vision loss (CVL), as caused by macular disease, may be enhanced by presenting text using dynamic formats such as horizontally scrolling text or rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP). The rationale for these dynamic text formats is that they can be read while holding gaze away from the text, potentially supporting reading while using the eccentric viewing strategy. This study was designed to evaluate the practice of reading with CVL, with passages of text presented as static sentences, horizontal scrolling sentences, or as single word RSVP. In separate studies, normally sighted participants with a simulated (artificial) central scotoma, controlled by an eye-tracker, or participants with CVL resulting from macular degeneration, read passages of text using the eccentric viewing technique. Comprehension was better overall with scrolling text when reading with a simulated CVL, while RSVP produced lower overall comprehension and high error rates. Analysis of eye movement behaviour showed that participants consistently adopted a strategy of making multiple horizontal saccades on the text itself. Adherence to using eccentric viewing was better with RSVP, but this did not translate into better reading performance. Participants with macular degeneration, and an actual CVL, also showed the highest comprehension and lowest error rates with scrolling text, and the lowest comprehension and highest errors with RSVP. We conclude that scrolling text can support effective reading in people with central vision loss and has potential as a reading aid.

International audience; When soil remediation specialists clean up a new site, they have a long time manually revising digital reports previously written by other experts, where they look for necessary information in accordance with similar characteristics of polluted fields. Important information lies in tables, graphs, maps, drawings and their associated captions. Therefore, experts have to be able to quickly access these content-rich elements, instead of manually scrolling through each page of entire reports. Since this information is multimodal (image and text) and follows a semantically hierarchical structure, we propose a classification algorithm that takes these two constraints into account. In contrast to existing works using either multimodal system or hierarchical classification model, we explore the combination of state-of-the-art methods from multimodal systems (image and text modalities) and hierarchical classification systems. By this combination, we tackle the constraints of our classification process: small dataset, missing modalities, noisy data, and non-English corpus. Our evaluation shows that the multimodal hierarchical system outperforms the unimodal and that the performance of multimodal system with a joint combination of hierarchical classification and flat classification on different modalities provides promising results.

The existing methods can only display grayscale images or scrolling display binary images, and they cannot scroll the display of grayscale image which required to be completed in scanning maskless lithography system. In this paper, a scheme for improvement in data transmission and storage is proposed to realize scrolling display of grayscale images. In addition, the data of images can be updated when DMD is displaying. Finally, experimental results based on DLP Discovery 4100 platform illustrate that the proposed methods are effective.

Significance Scrolling text can be an effective reading aid for those with central vision loss. Our results suggest that increased interword spacing with scrolling text may further improve the reading experience of this population. This conclusion may be of particular interest to low-vision aid developers and visual rehabilitation practitioners. Purpose The dynamic, horizontally scrolling text format has been shown to improve reading performance in individuals with central visual loss. Here, we sought to determine whether reading performance with scrolling text can be further improved by modulating interword spacing to reduce the effects of visual crowding, a factor known to impact negatively on reading with peripheral vision. Methods The effects of interword spacing on reading performance (accuracy, memory recall, and speed) were assessed for eccentrically viewed single sentences of scrolling text. Separate experiments were used to determine whether performance measures were affected by any confound between interword spacing and text presentation rate in words per minute. Normally sighted participants were included, with a central vision loss implemented using a gaze-contingent scotoma of 8° diameter. In both experiments, participants read sentences that were presented with an interword spacing of one, two, or three characters. Results Reading accuracy and memory recall were significantly enhanced with triple-character interword spacing (both measures, P ≤ .01). These basic findings were independent of the text presentation rate (in words per minute). Conclusions We attribute the improvements in reading performance with increased interword spacing to a reduction in the deleterious effects of visual crowding. We conclude that increased interword spacing may enhance reading experience and ability when using horizontally scrolling text with a central vision loss.

This paper presents an object acquisition and selection approach in human computer interaction systems. In this approach, objects placed over computer screen are automatically scanned and the user performs voluntary eye blinks for object selection when the focus comes over the object of interest. Here, scanning means moving the focus over objects placed on the computer screen one by one and the scanning time is the time taken to move focus from one object to the next object. The user is not required to perform any physical movement, the moving part is only the eye lids. A low cost webcam and MATLAB software with computer vision toolbox are required to implement the proposed approach. The performance of the proposed approach has been compared with the Camera Mouse for selection of text and graphic objects. The Camera Mouse utilizes facial feature tracking for mouse cursor control and dwell time for object selection. Three experiments were performed for evaluation of the proposed method in which ten healthy users voluntarily participated. The proposed method has given significantly better performance than the Camera Mouse when selection of text objects was performed in an html file. For selection of graphic objects placed on computer screen, where page scrolling is not required, no significant difference has been found in the performance of both the systems. The proposed method has also been evaluated for performing mouse analogous operations using eye blinks and a performance comparison has been made with state-of-the-art methods.

The web has become a ubiquitous application development platform for mobile systems. Yet, web access on mobile devices remains an energy-hungry activity. Prior work in the field mainly focuses on the initial page loading stage, but fails to exploit the opportunities for energy-efficiency optimization while the user is interacting with a loaded page. This paper presents a novel approach for performing energy optimization for interactive mobile web browsing. At the heart of our approach is a set of machine learning models, which estimate at runtime the frames per second for a given user interaction input by running the computation-intensive web render engine on a specific processor core under a given clock speed. We use the learned predictive models as a utility function to quickly search for the optimal processor setting to carefully trade responsive time for reduced energy consumption. We integrate our techniques to the open-source Chromium browser and apply it to two representative mobile user events: scrolling and pinching (i.e., zoom in and out). We evaluate the developed system on the landing pages of the top-100 hottest websites and two big.LITTLE heterogeneous mobile platforms. Our extensive experiments show that the proposed approach reduces the system-wide energy consumption by over 36% on average and up to 70%. This translates to an over 17% improvement on energy-efficiency over a state-of-the-art event-based web browser scheduler, but with significantly fewer violations on the quality of service.

Eye tracking tools are used in software engineering research to study various software development activities. However, a major limitation of these tools is their inability to track gaze data for activities that involve source code editing. We present a novel solution to support eye tracking experiments for tasks involving source code edits as an extension of the iTrace community infrastructure. We introduce the iTrace-Atom plugin and gazel -- a Python data processing pipeline that maps gaze information to changing source code elements and provides researchers with a way to query this dynamic data. iTrace-Atom is evaluated via a series of simulations and is over 99% accurate at high eye-tracking speeds of over 1,000Hz. iTrace and gazel completely revolutionize the way eye tracking studies are conducted in realistic settings with the presence of scrolling, context switching, and now editing. This opens the doors to support many day-to-day software engineering tasks such as bug fixing, adding new features, and refactoring., 4 pages, 2 figures

In this paper, we demonstrate how TEITOK provides a full online interface for speech and even video corpora, that are fully searchable using the CQL query language, can contain all speech-related annotation such as repetitions, gaps, and mispronunciations, and provides a full interface for time-aligned annotations scrolling below the waveform and showing the video if there is any. Corpora are stored in the TEI/XML standard, with import and output functions for other established standards like ELAN, Praat, or Transcriber. It is even possible to directly annotate corpora in TEITOK.

Sentiment analysis is a case of natural language processing that extracts the sentiment of people about any specific service, product, or the topic. Users spend a considerable amount of time scrolling through social media feeds to find something relatable, either emotionally or as a problem in their daily life that they want to solve. By analyzing the content produced by social media users, we can know if his opinion is relatively optimistic, neutral, or pessimistic about the subject – that varies from a service, news, a movie, etc. There are multiple approaches for sentiment analysis; first, there’s the Machine learning with its numerous methods that can be either supervised or unsupervised. Second, the Lexicon-based approach. Third, the combination of the two approaches – which is called a hybrid. Also, there are other approaches that we can add to get a more optimized result, such as working on improving text preprocessing techniques or by adding Fuzzy Logic approach and subjectivity detection.

As technology advances and better virtual interfaces emerge, there is a demand for new kinds of interaction devices. The currently being used devices like keyboard, mouse, pens, etc. have been the most popular among these virtual interfaces. With the advancement of technology where speech and gestures have become the key components to interact with smart devices a replacement for currently used devices is needed. The development of user interfaces influences the changes in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). This paper focuses to design an input device using computer vision and gesture recognition techniques. This device interacts with a computer using hand gestures, providing an intuitive cost-effective way of performing mouse controls. Various algorithms and techniques are used to make the product user-friendly. We have designed a colored glove that can work in various environments and control the navigation along with functions of the mouse such as left-click, right-click, dragging, and scrolling swiftly. This real-time application allows for practical interaction between users and the system.

International audience; The slow but steady shift away from printed text into digital media has not yet modified the working habits of chamber music practitioners. If most instrumentalists still heavily rely on printed scores, audiences increasingly access notated music online, with printed scores synced to an audio recording on youtube for instance. This paper proposes to guide the listener and/or the performer with a cursor scrolling on the page with INScore, in order to examine the consequences of representing time in this way as opposed to traditional bars and beats notation. In addition to its score following interest for pedagogy and analysis, the networking possibilities of today's ubiquitous technologies reveal interesting potentials for works in which the presence of a conductor is required for synchronization between performers and/or with fixed media (film or tape). A Raspberry Pi-embedded prototype for animated/distributed notation is presented here as a score player (such as the Decibel ScorePlayer, or SmartVox), in order to send and synchronize mp4 scores to any browser capable device connected to the same WIFI network. The corpus will concern pieces edited at BabelScores, an online library for contemporary classical music. The BabelScores pdf works, composed in standard engraving softwares, will be animated using INScore and video editors, in order to find strategies for animation or dynamic display of the unfolding of time, originally represented statically on the page.; L'abandon lent mais certain du texte imprimé au profit des médias numériques n'a pas encore modifié les habitudes de travail des instrumentistes en musique de chambre. Si la plupart s'appuie encore fortement sur les partitions imprimées, le public a de plus en plus accès aux partitions en ligne, synchronisées sur un enregistrement audio sur youtube par exemple. Cet article propose de guider l'auditeur et/ou l'interprète à l'aide d'un curseur défilant sur la page (avec INScore), afin d'examiner ce qu'implique de représenter le temps de cette manière, par opposition à la notation traditionnelle des mesures rythmiques du solfège. Outre son intérêt pour la pédagogie et l'analyse, les possibilités de mise en réseau des technologies omniprésentes d'aujourd'hui révèlent des potentiels intéressants pour des œuvres dans lesquelles la présence d'un chef d'orchestre est requise pour la synchronisation entre interprètes et/ou avec des supports fixes (film ou bande). Un prototype pour la notation animée/distribuée intégré sur Raspberry Pi est présenté ici comme lecteur de partition (tel que le Decibel ScorePlayer ou SmartVox), afin d’envoyer et de synchroniser les partitions mp4 à n’importe quel appareil compatible avec un navigateur connecté au même réseau WIFI. Le corpus concernera des pièces éditées sur BabelScores, une bibliothèque en ligne de musique classique contemporaine. Les œuvres pdf de BabelScores, composées de logiciels de gravure standard, seront animées à l'aide d'éditeurs INScore et vidéo, afin de trouver des stratégies d'animation ou d'affichage dynamique du déroulement du temps, initialement représentées de manière statique sur la page.

As the international community goes digital due to the state of affairs, it may be deemed that gamification is on the rise. Moreover, the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has impacted children, alongside adults, and they are in isolation, yet child development continues. The authors acknowledged these, took the notion that gamification is advantageous into consideration, and developed a side–scroller that is entertaining yet informative about SARS–CoV–2 and viruses at large using object–oriented programming, a programming paradigm, and the Association for Computing Machinery Java Task Force graphics library. This paper underlined that there is an absence of precedence of a side-scroller that is developed using this graphics library, and, subsequent to the assessment of the authors, it concluded that such a graphics library may not be suited to video game development due to its limiting factors. This paper deemed that gamification stimulates learning, nonetheless.

In this research, Tachyon was developed as a horizontal scrolling rhythm game with an automatic beatmap generator. This game was built on osu!framework and BASS Audio Library. It was designed as multi-platform: It runs on both desktop (Windows, Linux, and macOS) utilizing keyboard as the input interface and mobile (Android and iOS) employing touch as the input interface. As a result, Tachyon succeeded in becoming the proof-of-concept of multi-platform rhythm game with automatic beatmap generation. The game was tested on various devices. The test results showed that the game could run up to 240 frames-per-second (fps) on the desktop PCs and 40 fps on the mobile devices. Its automatic beatmap generation yielded a ratio of 90 percent and 93 percent for consistency and accuracy performances. In summary, its generated beatmap was acceptable and playable.

A notable increase in the distribution of digital images was fueled by the social media platforms. In the fight for attention, the posts containing images have more chances to make users stop scrolling through the crowded news feed than the posts containing only text. The effect is enhanced if the photos that are used in the posts are professional grade. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, more and more businesses have moved to online. Every business makes efforts to catch the attention of potential customers with high quality images. These situations could lead to intended or accidental image copyright infringement. This paper proposes a system that can be used to detect and avoid copyright infringement. Photographers can use it to register their photos and businesses can use it to check if the image they want to use is copyright protected or not. If it is, the system also allows the purchase of the right to use the photo. The solution is based on blockchain because of its immutability property. Businesses can look for images on many sites, thus it is very probable that recompressed versions of the same photo would be stored in different places. Therefore, it is important to develop an algorithm that can extract a signature that is resistant to JPEG compression from the image. The signature should be stored on the blockchain along the identification data of the copyright owner.

Page Load Time (PLT) is critical in measuring web page load performance. However, the existing PLT metrics are designed to measure the Web page load performance on desktops/laptops and do not consider user interactions on mobile browsers. As a result, they are ill-suited to measure mobile page load performance from the perspective of the user. In this work, we present the Mobile User-Centered Page Load Time Estimator (muPLTest), a model that estimates the PLT of users on Web pages for mobile browsers. We show that traditional methods to measure user PLT for desktops are unsuited to mobiles because they only consider the initial viewport, which is the part of the screen that is in the user’s view when they first begin to load the page. However, mobile users view multiple viewports during the page load process since they start to scroll even before the page is loaded. We thus construct the muPLTest to account for page load activities across viewports. We train our model with crowdsourced scrolling behavior from live users. We show that muPLTest predicts ground truth user-centered PLT, or the muPLT, obtained from live users with an error of 10-15% across 50 Web pages. Comparatively, traditional PLT metrics perform within 44-90% of the muPLT. Finally, we show how developers can use the muPLTest to scalably estimate changes in user experience when applying different Web optimizations.

To predict users’ interests, the traditional recommendation system (RS) relies on exploring the explicit user-item ratings and macro implicit feedbacks (e.g., whether or not a user clicks the item). In this work, fine-grained post-click behaviors (e.g., mouse behaviors, keyboard events, and page scrolling events) are integrated to alleviate the data sparsity problem of explicit feedback and the data accuracy problem of macro implicit feedback. In the deployed article recommendation pipeline, a variety of post-click behaviors are combined to create a reading pattern model. The reading patterns are leveraged by the recommendation system to estimate users’ preference levels. As compared with existing click-based (macro implicit feedback) and dwell time-based (single micro implicit feedback) recommendation systems, the test performance of our designed reading pattern-based RS has been significantly improved in terms of rating prediction and ranking.

Recent years have witnessed great success of mobile short-form video apps. However, most current video streaming strategies are designed for long-form videos, which cannot be directly applied to short-form videos. Especially, short-form videos differ in many aspects, such as shorter video length, mobile friendliness, sharp popularity dynamics, and so on. Facing these challenges, in this paper, we perform an in-depth measurement study on Douyin, one of the most popular mobile short-form video platforms in China. The measurement study reveals that Douyin adopts a rather simple strategy (called Next-One strategy) based on HTTP progressive download, which uses a sliding window with stop-and-wait protocol. Such a strategy performs poorly when network connection is slow and user scrolling is fast. The results motivate us to design an intelligent adaptive streaming scheme for mobile short-form videos. We formulate the short-form video streaming problem and propose an adaptive short-form video streaming strategy called LiveClip using a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) approach. Trace-driven experimental results prove that LiveClip outperforms existing state-of-the-art approaches by around 10%-40% under various scenarios.

We conducted 3 studies to learn about elements of satisfaction for leisure reading in low vision. Study 1 focused on alternative reading formats such as scrolling text and rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP). Study 2 explored use and satisfaction with alternative formats over time using a tablet device. Study 3 meant to assess prevalence and perceptions of tablet devices as low vision aids for sustained reading. Nine low vision participants used a tablet to read with three presentation types (Page, Scroll, Modified RSVP) over a three-week period. Study 3 involved surveys administered to 73 participants 1–3 months after a vision consultation with a low vision professional in which multiple options for reading devices were demonstrated.

Many modern Web applications require pages that maintain database table data. Such table maintenance implies the addition of new rows of table data and the modification and deletion of existing rows of table data. Although it is sometimes appropriate to display a single row of data when maintaining table data, there are other times when it is better to display several rows of data simultaneously. Displaying several rows of data on a page is most appropriate when the table being maintained contains few enough attributes that those attributes can be displayed comfortably across the page (i.e., horizontally without the attributes disappearing off the page). When the table being maintained contains so many rows that those rows cannot be displayed comfortably down the page (i.e., too much scrolling is required to locate a given row), we can employ a row filter of some kind, or we can utilize data paging (discussed later).

Smart TV is a television set that has the capabilities of processing, storage, and connectivity. Besides these features, smart TV brings app-based entertainment, which is beyond the scope of legacy TV systems. Being a connected device, smart TV is facing numerous challenges not only in the form of security and privacy but also usability and accessibility. For example, a smart TV has access to diverse data sources. Therefore, searching for desired content on a smart TV is difficult and time-consuming. Although, Electronic Program Guides (EPGs) provide some facilities for searching desired contents; yet, scrolling a long list of programs is not welcomed by the viewers. In this paper, we are reviewing the inter and intra-app navigational complexities and their effects on usability, learnability, and cognition. Although, smart TV manufacturers are trying to produce smart TVs with simple to use interfaces; yet, the existing smart TVs interfaces have accessibility and usability issues that are discussed in this paper. This paper further presents some recommendations and guidelines for the design of a universal user interface for smart TV.

The paper introduces a LED display based on FPGA hardware circuit and VHDL language to function multiple-character scrolling display. The hardware is composed of power supply circuit, FPGA core board and LED dot-matrix driver module; the Intel® Quartus® Prime Design Software is used to edit the download configuration document by programming with VHDL language, compilation, synthesis and optimization. The test proves that the the content "Electromechanical sichuan agriculture and information technology " displayed by the LED display is artistic and right.

Today's multimedia content generation and sharing have been dramatically boosted by the deep penetration of broadband wireless accesses and the much improved processing power of smart mobile terminals. Mobile users can now instantly capture and share short video clips (usually of several seconds) anywhere and anytime, and consume them with convenient touch screen operations. The instant video clip sharing has emerged as a mainstream application; such pioneers as Twitter's Vine, Miaopai, Instagram, and Snapchat have seen great acceptance, particularly by the youth community. In this paper, we present an initial study on instant video clip sharing. Taking Twitter's Vine as a representative, we systematically investigate its distinct mobile interface, service framework, and user watching behaviors, revealing how this mainstream multimedia service type differentiates from its traditional counterparts. Our trace measurement and analysis demonstrate that instant mobile video clips have a much shorter lifespan and highly skewed popularity that quickly decays over time. This is further aggravated by the unique screen scrolling operation for video browsing. As such, the download-and-watch scheduling used by existing platforms can hardly achieve quality user experience and cost efficiency. We closely investigate and model the input user gestures for scrolling, including drag and fling , and analyze the scheduling policy, partitioning it into prefetching scheduling and watch-time download scheduling. We develop effective solutions toward both subproblems as well as their integration with screen scrolling. The superiority of our enhancement is demonstrated by extensive trace-driven evaluation.

DanMu , an emerging type of user-generated comment, has become increasingly popular in recent years. Many online video platforms such as Tudou.com have provided the DanMu function. Unlike traditional online reviews such as reviews at Youtube.com that are outside the videos, DanMu is a scrolling marquee comment, which is overlaid directly on top of the video and synchronized to a specific playback time. Such comments are displayed as streams of moving subtitles overlaid on the video screen. Viewers could easily write DanMu s while watching videos, and the written DanMu s will be immediately overlaid onto the video and displayed to writers themselves and other viewers as well. Such DanMu systems have greatly enabled users to communicate with each other in a much more direct way, creating a real-time sharing experience. Although there are several unique features of DanMu and has had a great impact on online video systems, to the best of our knowledge, there is no work that has provided a comprehensive study on DanMu . In this article, as a pilot study, we analyze the unique characteristics of DanMu from various perspectives. Specifically, we first illustrate some unique distributions of DanMu s by comparing with traditional reviews (TReviews) that we collected from a real DanMu -enabled online video system. Second, we discover two interesting patterns in DanMu data: a herding effect and multiple-burst phenomena that are significantly different from those in TRviews and reveal important insights about the growth of DanMu s on a video. Towards exploring antecedents of both th herding effect and multiple-burst phenomena, we propose to further detect leading DanMu s within bursts, because those leading DanMu s make the most contribution to both patterns. A framework is proposed to detect leading DanMu s that effectively combines multiple factors contributing to leading DanMu s. Based on the identified characteristics of DanMu , finally we propose to predict the distribution of future DanMu s (i.e., the growth of DanMu s), which is important for many DanMu -enabled online video systems, for example, the predicted DanMu distribution could be an indicator of video popularity. This prediction task includes two aspects: One is to predict which videos future DanMu s will be posted for, and the other one is to predict which segments of a video future DanMu s will be posted on. We develop two sophisticated models to solve both problems. Finally, intensive experiments are conducted with a real-world dataset to validate all methods developed in this article.

This paper proposes a dynamic authentication of smartphone users based on their gestures on touchscreen. The user authentication consists of three stages: collecting touch gestures’ data, extracting features, and classification. Tapping, scrolling, dragging and zooming gestures’ data are acquired using a developed android application. Then, features from these gestures are extracted. Finally, three different classifiers, medians vector proximity (MVP), k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) and random forest (RF), are applied to the extracted features. The performance of these classifiers are investigated and compared considering a single-touch gesture and all possible combinations of the extracted touch gestures on smartphone. The experimental results show that the MVP classifier brings the best results when using single gestures. When two gestures are combined together, the k-NN gives the best results. The k-NN classifier reaches an equal error rate of 0% using only three gestures. The RF is not ideal to be used on smartphone users’ authentication as it gives the worst results.

Differently-abled or disability is distinct as limitation of a person’s ability to carry out the activities of daily living, to the level that he or she may need help in doing so. The differentlyabled personnel, especially people with various amputations face the issue of not being able to use the devices that allow them to access e-content properly. In this paper, here suggest an application that is able to scroll the page of an e-content with the help of human face. The face is identified and tracked in real-time to use their actions for scrolling events. The basic strategy for detection is fast extraction of the face of the image in front of the screen with image processing technology. Between-the-Eyes is selected as a face representative because of its features are common to most people and is easily seen for a varied range of face orientation. After identifying the face, the head movement is used to trigger the scrolling event based on the suggested proposed system.

Non-linear document navigation refers to the process of repeatedly reading a document at different levels to provide an overview, including selective reading to search for useful information within a document under time constraints. Currently, this function is not supported well by small-screen tablets. In this study, we propose the concept of structure-aware touch-based scrolling (SATS), which allows structural document navigation using region-dependent touch gestures for non-sequential navigation within tablets or tablet-sized e-book readers. In SATS, the screen is divided into four vertical sections representing the different structural levels of a document, where dragging into the different sections allows navigating from the macro to micro levels. The implementation of a prototype is presented, as well as details of a comparative evaluation using typical non-sequential navigation tasks performed under time constraints. The results showed that SATS obtained better performance, higher user satisfaction, and a lower usability workload compared with a conventional structural overview interface.

In this study, we developed a real-time comment scrolling system (RCSS) that overlays students' comments on a lecturer's personal computer by scrolling, and we practically evaluated it for half a year in university classes. The purpose of RCSS is to enhance active communication between a teacher and students, that is, the interactivity of the class. We evaluated the effectiveness of the RCSS by recording the comment logs and collecting the questionnaire results through trial operations in university classes. Results showed that most students posted positive answers: “RCSS made communication with the teacher easy,” “RCSS enhanced my motivation,” and “RCSS improved my understanding.” Conversely, 10% of the students considered the comments to be a hindrance. About 30%—40% of the students posted comments to the RCSS as needed. This study also aimed to analyze the comment logs by category. The number of utterances related to the lecture doubled before and after the RCSS introduction. We found that RCSS contributed to the realization of an interactive class.

In this era of evolving technologies, most of the human interactions with the electronic devices are becoming smart. For elderly and blind people, it may be difficult to use mouse and keyboard for every operation especially when watching videos in computer, increasing or decreasing of volume and play pause, and when using web browsers, scrolling up or down and swapping of the taps. This paper has tried to provide solutions to the above-mentioned problem by reducing the usage of mouse and keyboard using IOT technologies. Gesture recognition is one of the essential techniques to build user-friendly interface. This paper deals with Human Computer Interaction(HCI) consists of hardware components such as Arduino UNO and the ultrasonic sensors with the software components such as Arduino and Python IDLE for exchanging the information or communication between the user and machine.

The dynamic horizontally scrolling text format produces a directional conflict in the allocation of attention for reading, with a necessity to track each word leftward (in the direction of movement) concurrently with normal rightward shifts made to progress through the text (in left-to-right orthographies such as English). The gaze-contingent window paradigm was used to compare the extent of the perceptual span in reading of scrolling and static sentences. Across two experiments, this investigation confirmed that the allocation of attentional resources to the right of fixation was compressed with scrolling text. There was no evidence for a reversal of the direction of asymmetry or a confounding shift of landing position. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

An eye-tracking study of 18 developers reading and summarizing Java methods is presented. The developers provide a written summary for methods assigned to them. In total, 63 methods are used from five different systems. Previous studies on this topic use only short methods presented in isolation usually as images. In contrast, this work presents the study in the Eclipse IDE allowing access to all the source code in the system. The developer can navigate via scrolling and switching files while writing the summary. New eye-tracking infrastructure allows for this improvement in the study environment. Data collected includes eye gazes on source code, written summaries, and time to complete each summary. Unlike prior work that concluded developers focus on the signature the most, these results indicate that they tend to focus on the method body more than the signature. Moreover, both experts and novices tend to revisit control flow terms rather than reading them for a long period. They also spend a significant amount of gaze time and have higher gaze visits when they read call terms. Experts tend to revisit the body of the method significantly more frequently than its signature as the size of the method increases. Moreover, experts tend to write their summaries from source code lines that they read the most., Comment: Accepted at ICSE 2019

We covered many different genres and sub-genres; and you learned how to create a card game, a fixed shooter, a scrolling shoot ‘em up, a single-screen platformer, and a scrolling platformer. Each of these projects taught you an important lesson about game design and development! Let’s summarize a bit what we saw in the previous chapters

Dyslexia can be explained as a neurological learning disability which causes difficulties in reading, word decoding, comprehension, short-term memory, writing, spelling, and speaking. People who are diagnosed with dyslexia tend to show signs of low self-esteem and anxiety since they can't interact with the society in a way that their peers do. Many applications available in this domain help them by correcting their issues by playing games and reading some hard-coded texts or pdf books. This correcting process takes time and dyslexics become helpless when coping with their day-to-day activities. This paper describes results of an evaluation of a prototype mobile application which helps the dyslexic users to deal with their reading difficulties in real life successfully, while they are receiving proper treatments. This prototype can identify the texts around them and read it loudly so that user can understand and will be allowed to customize the chunking, scrolling and highlighting of words according to their disability levels. By integrating dictionary support with the phonic and morphological structure of the word, the user will be able to comprehend difficult and complex words easily. In addition, the study also explores the use of a machine learning approach to improve the effectiveness of the learning dyslexic complex words.

The noticeboard is an essential thing in any establishment or association to convey data among the partners. In the occupied and quick-moving present reality, the traditional paper notice framework is tedious and not reasonable for brisk sharing of data. This exploration work aimed at designing an electronic scrolling display board on a specially designed Printed Circuit Board (PCB). The thought behind this undertaking is to furnish its clients with a basic, quick what’s more, dependable approach to set up a significant notification in a LED where the client can display messages to be shown directly on the LED unit from a computer to the microcontroller and also to give notification about anything at a particular moment to the targeted group or audience. This will significantly provide improved measures to the limitations and restrictions of conventional notice boards. The system is created with an ATmega 328P microcontroller from Atmel. The microcontroller showed all the usefulness of the showcase notifications required. The Display is acquired on a 2X (16X72) dot matrix display board, orchestrated on a cascaded specialized PCB designed with a Ki-cad schematic/design software suite for a wider view. An ideal instant message from a computer is sent utilizing Arduino IDE and HT1632 driver IC to drive these tremendous LEDs. The framework was tried to work as per the test message. This brilliant notification board can make the notification arrangement of an association much basic, quick and financially savvy and provide a limitation to an accident that can occur when sticking paper-based notification sheets.

The survival mode of the font design has been changed to the mode of imaging design by the new-media technology. The Chinese character image could achieve different image effects of fonts including flow, page turning, rotation, and scrolling. Streaming media technology achieve the streaming playing approach to discuss the composition and dynamic effect of Chinese character image streaming. Based on the characteristics of digital-streaming media, particle and fluid technology, and Chinese character image streaming, this paper will analyze and sort out the formation and techniques of Chinese character image based on streaming media technology. This paper proposed the new concept of ‘Chinese character image streaming’. Since there is no systematic theories and no summarized experience about the practical works regarding the Chinese character image streaming, this paper compared and analyzed this new concept with above-mentioned technologies to provide new materials for the researches of Chinese character designs in the future.

Browsers are critical mobile applications, and their power consumption plays an important role in mobile systems. This paper studies ways of reducing the power consumption of OLED displays when use...

Recently, the internet access rates via mobile devices exceeded those via PCs, and in particular, smart-phones are most commonly utilized in this area especially for data and information searching. This study is to examine UX design patterns depending on touch gestures on smart-phones for mobile web service. Mobile Recently, the internet access rates via mobile devices exceeded those via PCs, and in particular, smart-phones are most commonly utilized in this area especially for data and information searching. This study is to examine UX design patterns depending on touch gestures on smart-phones for mobile web service. Mobile UI design patterns are divided mainly to navigation for information management and screen movement, forms for entering texts and optional functions, tables for contents display, searching, invitation for functional control and attention, and feedbacks to handle responses depending on the situations. Characteristics of mobile web service include personalization, ubiquity, differentiation, and district-based nature. Due to the small screen environment, the information structure is different from that of PC web service. In addition, the screen transition through touch gestures is directional and thus involves certain UX design patterns. As for user experiences regarding touch gestures on a smart-phone, directional motions such as horizontal or vertical movements were more frequent than zoon-in/out and rotation, and such motions were often combined for navigation and invitation functions. Dragging was directional both horizontally and vertically while scrolling was directional basically vertically. Flick and swiping are two major touch gestures directional horizontally, and they are most frequently used for page transition in contents searching.

Reading scientific papers in portable document format (PDF)-columned formats on computer screens is sometimes daunting and unfriendly. This is mainly due to the fact that PDF-columned texts are often truncated from the top or the bottom of pages so that readers have to scroll up–down repeatedly in the same page to get the whole text read. To make the reading process as smooth as possible, PDF viewers should be designed as responsive tools with responsive layouts that should automatically adapt the amount of readable text to the sizes of the displaying monitors so that readers will not waste time in repetitive vertical and horizontal scrolling movements within the same page. Here, I discuss such a problem-solving proposal that could be implemented in PDF viewers to improve the readability of PDF-columned texts and to make the reading process as flexible and painless as possible

Compared to the early versions of smart phones, recent mobile devices have bigger screens that can present more web search results. Several previous studies have reported differences in user interaction between conventional desktop computer and mobile device-based web searches, so it is imperative to consider the differences in user behavior for web search engine interface design on mobile devices. However, it is still unknown how the diversification of screen sizes on hand-held devices affects how users search. In this article, we investigate search performance and behavior on three different small screen sizes: early smart phones, recent smart phones, and phablets. We found no significant difference with respect to the efficiency of carrying out tasks, however participants exhibited different search behaviors: less eye movement within top links on the larger screen, fast reading with some hesitation before choosing a link on the medium, and frequent use of scrolling on the small screen. This result suggests that the presentation of web search results for each screen needs to take into account differences in search behavior. We suggest several ideas for presentation design for each screen size.

Researchers have increasingly adopted a web survey for data collection. Previous studies have examined factors leading to a web survey’s success. However, virtually no empirical work has examined the effects of the three levels of forced responses or the two styles of question items displayed on a web survey’s response rate. The current study attempted to fill this void.Using a quasi experiment approach, we obtained 778 unique responses to six comparable web questionnaires of identical content. The analysis confirmed that (1) there were statistically significant differences across the surveys with the 100%-, 50%- and 0%-forced responses, and (2) there is not a significant difference between the response rates between surveys with scrolling and those with paging styles.In addition to extending the theoretical insight into factors contributing to a web survey’s response rate, the findings have offered recommendations to enhance the response rate in a web survey project.

Today, radiologists diagnose three dimensional medical data using two dimensional displays. When designing environments with optimal conditions for such a process various aspects like contrast, screen reflection and background light have to be considered. As shown in previous research, applying virtual environments in combination with a Head-Mounted Display for diagnostic imaging provides potential benefits to reduce issues of bad posture and diagnostic mistakes. However, there is little research in exploring the usability and user experience of such beneficial environments. In this work we designed and evaluated different means of interaction to increase radiologists' performance. Therefore we created a virtual reality radiology reading room and employed it to evaluate three different interaction techniques. These allow a direct, semi-direct and indirect manipulation for performing scrolling- and windowing- tasks which are the most important for a radiologist. A study including nine radiologists was conducted and evaluated using the User Experience Questionnaire. Results indicate that direct manipulation is the preferred interaction technique, it outscored the other two control possibilities in attractiveness and pragmatic quality.