Search

This paper presents a model of the relationship between relative attributes, relative preferences, and market share. It shows how parameters in the model may be estimated, using survey data to illustrate the estimation procedure. Use of the model and data for a new product are also discussed. The eventual market share of solar energy for residential heating in Canada is predicted using the procedures developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author focuses on the effort of the SENTINEL Bioactive Paper Network in developing a bioactive paper which incorporates chemicals to attack harmful organisms in Canada. He denotes that the innovative paper may include paper strips that can be soaked into the water to kill germs and determine that the water is safe to drink. He states that the program is training new scientists and engineers to further discover essential health protection tools. Moreover, he emphasizes that the research program is a partnership of various sectors including universities, industry and the government across the country.

Purpose – The growing volume of consumer transactions in used products markets has given rise to strategic decisions made by sellers in the amount of information disclosed on usage-based attributes – product attributes that quantify the degree by which a product has been used. This paper seeks to address this issue. Based on the phenomenon referred to as the dilution effect, it is proposed that sellers would have less desire to disclose usage-based attribute information in product advertisements for older products. The effects of usage-based attributes on asking prices of used products are also examined and profiled across time and contrasted across three countries: Britain, Canada, and the USA. Design/methodology/approach – Used product advertisements were obtained for 1995 (USA) and 2010 (USA, Canada, and Britain). The ratio of ad content dedicated to usage-based attributes was then computed and profiled across various conditions, and variations were tested using statistical methods. Findings – The results indicate that a dilution-based strategy, whereby usage-based product information is less likely to be disclosed for older products, was evident in 1995 as it was in 2010. Furthermore, cross-country variations were observed in the use of this strategy. Research limitations/implications – The research presented can be expanded to cover other product categories where used products are exchanged and usage-based attributes constitute a fundamental consumer consideration in such exchanges. The research can also be extended to cover a wider range of countries for analysis. Originality/value – This paper extends traditional pricing theory to consider the effects of usage-based attributes on used product prices and associated consumer communications. Given the growth in the volume of consumer transactions in used product markets, this line of inquiry is relevant not only from an academic perspective but can also inform public policy and potential regulatory measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines whether arbitrage tends to equalize commodity prices for internationally traded homogenous products. It also investigates whether the increasing integration of North American markets has reduced price differences over time, and tests the validity of the so-called Law of One Price. We find that price differences for homogenous tradables between Canada and the U.S. are smaller than those for differentiated tradables and non-tradables, and are statistically insignificant over the period 1985 to 1999. We find no support for the notion that the increasing integration of North American markets due to trade liberalization has reduced price differences between Canada and the United States. Instead, the shifts in the price differences (expressed in the same currency) generally reflected fluctuations in the exchange rate. Canadian prices adapt with a lag to U.S. price changes that are brought about by changes in the exchange rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports the main findings of a national survey designed to empirically establish a set of weighting factors on product violation that could be used as input in the allocation of resources by the Consumer Product Branch of Consumers and Corporate Affairs Canada. A conceptual framework is presented describing the method used to derive these weights. It was found that violations were perceived to occur more frequently for clothing and accessories, fresh fruits and vegetables, and cleaning and paper products. These ratings were shown to be related to purchasing behavior and quality violations were perceived much more serious than quantity violations and labelling violations, in that order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the determinants of the prices of domestic and imported goods in the domestic market using time-series data for a broad sample of Canadian manufacturing industries. It is found that the costs of both goods are the fundamental determinants of their prices, that the pass-through of costs into prices depends on the levels of domestic and import costs, real income per capita and concentration, and that factors which increase the sensitivity of both prices to domestic costs also reduce their sensitivity to import costs. In addition, it appears that the way in which prices are determined differs between industries with low versus high advertising-sales ratios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses the ongoing impact of Canadian Content Regulations as applied to commercial radio. While commercial broadcasters have repeatedly called for a relaxation of the regulations in response to the changing music industry, particularly the increased impact of the Internet, it is possible to demonstrate that the regulations have had a positive impact on Canadian listening habits. An examination of the 'national' charts provided by Last.fm, a webs ite that tracks users' listening habits, shows that Canadian users listen to Canadian tracks in excess of the amounts currently regulated for radio. Commercial broadcasters' claims that the regulations prevent them from competing fairly with new technology thus run counter to such evidence. As official charts, and hence commercial playlists are still reliant on older modes of tracking music, via in-store purchases, an incomplete picture of the current state of the industry exists, and it is this picture that seems to shape the claims made by the commercial industry. Additionally, this paper explores the rise of a successful Canadian 'scene', spearheaded by bands such as Arcade Fire and Broken Social Scene, that demonstrates the impact of policy in creating a national music culture that is confident enough to no longer have to be explicitly Canadian, either sonically or lyrically. Cancon regulations would appear to have aided in situating Canadian acts comfortably within a wider music culture within Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper is an empirical study of firm-specie characteristics in the Canadian biotechnology sector. The research context examines the national system of innovation and regional infrastructure in place for the biotechnology industry. Literature on the Canadian biotechnology industry is not as extensive as studies on the US biotechnology industry. The current analysis shows that the Canadian sector is innovative and outward looking. One group affirms is more research oriented and the other is more product/process oriented. The first group emphasises the need to expand their science base through increased finding including inward foreign investment. The second group emphasises organisational needs such as improved feedback from. Product development and manufacturing to R&D; the development of manufacturing capabilities; the need to find new Canadian buyers; and the internationalisation of R&D through outward foreign direct investment. Place-specific characteristics matter to the process of innovation and commercialisation for both groups: firm with high levels of R&D intensity seek access to scientists, universities, pharmaceutical companies and funding. Firms with low levels of R&D intensity seek access to manufacturing facilities and customers. An analysis of geographic or sectoral lanthanum m strategies could ml be accomplished due to data limitations. However, the results show the importance of Canadian participation in the internationalisation of innovation and commercialisation of biotechnology products. Such a trend needs to be considered in Canada's international negotiations pertaining to policies and regulations of international trade and investment (both inward and outward foreign direct investment) in biotechnology products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deals with a study on the domestic use of manufactured commodities and unfinished manufactured construction materials in Canada for census years from 1870-1915. Data from the reports of the Department of Customs; Construction of national product estimates for Canada; Role of the Canadian tariff under the national policy.

Presents the estimates of final and intermediate commodity output derived from the manufacturing censuses in Canada. Rate of growth of the Canadian economy; Comparison of the process of industrialization in Canada and the U.S.; Examination on the growth and structure of the flows of commodity output.

On August 4, 2014 the tailings pond failed at the Mount Polley copper, gold, and silver mine in British Columbia. The dam failure was amongst the largest recorded, and led to widespread debate in the province concerning weak environmental law and the effects of deregulation. This paper examines the changing role of the law in British Columbia around mining and the environment in relationship to the Mount Polley disaster. It draws on the work of the early Soviet legal theorist Evigny Pashukanis to help understand law’s role in the commodification of nature. Pashukanis suggests a legal analysis of the commodity form and a study of laws role in commodification. However, contemporary law departs from the rigid and formal property and contract principles that Pashukanis considered, and now responsible to shifting social conditions, technologies and environmental concern. Yet even today, Pashukanis remains relevant, and provides a starting point for analysis of how nature is commodified. His work points to a study of the multiplicities of, and variegated legal geographies of, commodity forms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article we try to assess the impact of exchange rate uncertainty on trade flows between the United States and Canada. However, unlike previous research on the two countries, we use disaggregated trade data for 152 industries. By using the bounds testing cointegration approach, which distinguishes short-run effects from long-run effects, we find that in the short run, trade flows of almost two-thirds of the industries are affected by exchange rate uncertainty. However, in the long-run, less than one-third of the trade flows are affected. Almost all industries that are affected by exchange rate uncertainty are found to be small, except for road motor vehicles - which makes up 20 per cent of both imports and exports. Exports and imports of this largest industry are adversely affected by exchange rate uncertainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many countries with different characteristics and different inserts in the global context, that reformed the State, acted similarly in relation to their housing policies during the reform period. In most of these countries housing policy has undergone a "privatization" supported by a new vision of housing not as a social policy, but as a market product to be consumed. In Brazil, the recent housing policy is being performed by the Federal Government has shown a similar route to those countries. Brazil also has gone through a Reform of the State, though not implemented in its entirety, the question arises: How does the recent Brazilian housing policy is in the context of State reform implemented in 1995? In seeking answers to this question, this paper discusses the course of national housing policy from 1995 to the present day, focusing on the fundamental changes that were introduced after this date, especially in the housing finance system, and convergences and their relations with the State Reform agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current function of the Canadian Dairy Commission (CDC) raises important public policy issues that have implications for wealth redistribution, administrative law, and civil liberty. The CDC's purported economic relevance in Canadian society serves as a facade for a short-sighted management approach that is devoid of the rudiments of a market mechanism. In order to suggest future public policy developments, an exploratory field survey was conducted and results are presented in this paper. Although the results do not infer that Canadian consumers are discontented with dairy prices in Canada, our evidence shows that consumers know very little about the processes behind marketing milk in Canada, especially with the price setting powers of the CDC. This study indicates that future policies should address this lack of consumer awareness. As global dairy markets evolve, policies designed to protect against domestic and foreign competition will most likely become less effective. Protectionist policies can be detrimental to a country's long-term prosperity as opportunities for new products, adoption of new technologies and faster responses to consumer demands are squandered. The study's limitations and implications for practice and future research are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the neoclassical framework of optimal capital accumulation in a Canadian context. The capital accumulation problem has been the subject of intense theoretical and empirical scrutiny and of considerable controversy. Much of the controversy has centered around the empirical validation of the role assigned by neoclassical theory to relative prices in the determination of the optimal capital stock. In this paper, authors derive a capital accumulation model similar to that employed by researcher C.W. Bischoff in 1969 and report results of its application to Canadian data. The model is used to explain the time paths of three types of capital assets employed by the Canadian manufacturing sector over the period 1952 to 1973. These assets are machinery and equipment, buildings; and engineering works. These three asset categories correspond to those employed by Statistics Canada in their capital stock and investment surveys. To anticipate the principal conclusion, authors find that over the sample period the time paths of two of the three capital assets examined are significantly influenced by a variable representing the price of output relative to the implicit rental price of capital.

This paper uses the Dynamic Generalized Linear Expenditure System (DGLES) to: 1. study the behaviour of the Canadian consumer; and 2. provide ex post forecasts of consumption expenditures by commodity group. The model is estimated for seven commodity groups (durables, food, fuel, gasoline, other non-durables, semi-durables and services) using quarterly data covering the period 1961.I-1978.IV. The method of estimation is the full information maximum likelihood routine, and the ex post forecasts are provided for the period 1979.I-1981.IV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous literature suggests that economic performance affects government approval asymmetrically, either because voters are quicker to blame incompetence than to credit ability (grievance asymmetry) or because they understand that the degree to which policy-makers can affect the economy varies depending on economic openness (clarity of responsibility asymmetry). We seek to understand whether these asymmetries coexist, arguing that these theories conjointly imply that globalization may have the capacity to mitigate blame for bad outcomes but should neither promote nor reduce credit to policy-makers for good economic outcomes. We look for evidence of these asymmetries in three survey experiments carried out in the USA and Canada in 2014 and 2015. We find ample experimental evidence in support of the grievance asymmetry, but our results are mixed on the impact of economic openness on blame mitigation, with some evidence of this phenomenon in the USA, but not in Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Striacosta albicosta (Smith) is a maize pest that has recently expanded its geographical range into the eastern United States and southeastern Canada. Aerial application of pyrethroids, such as bifenthrin, has been a major practice adopted to manage this pest. Reports of field failure of pyrethroids have increased since 2013. Striacosta albicosta populations were collected in 2016 and 2017 from maize fields in Nebraska, Kansas, and Canada and screened with bifenthrin active ingredient in larval contact dose-response bioassays. Resistance ratios estimated were generally low in 2016 (1.04- to 1.32-fold) with the highest LC50 in North Platte, NE (66.10 ng/cm2) and lowest in Scottsbluff, NE (50.10 ng/cm2). In 2017, O'Neill, NE showed the highest LC50 (100.66 ng/cm2) and Delhi, Canada exhibited the lowest (6.33 ng/cm2), resulting in a resistance ratio variation of 6.02- to 15.90-fold. Implications of bifenthrin resistance levels were further investigated by aerial application simulations. Experiments were conducted with a spray chamber where representative S. albicosta populations were exposed to labeled rates of a commercial bifenthrin formulation. Experiments resulted in 100% mortality for all populations, instars, insecticide rates, and carrier volumes, suggesting that levels of resistance estimated for bifenthrin active ingredient did not seem to impact the efficacy of the correspondent commercial product under controlled conditions. Results obtained from this research indicate that control failures reported in Nebraska could be associated with factors other than insecticide resistance, such as issues with the application technique, environmental conditions during and/or after application, or the insect's natural behavior. Data generated will assist future S. albicosta resistance management programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on the learning and market orientation literature, this study examines how responsive and proactive market orientations interact with exploitative and exploratory learning to affect new product performance. Despite advancements in understanding the distinctions between the different types of learning and market orientations, little evidence exists regarding which types of market orientation work best with exploitative or exploratory learning to improve new product performance. Using a sample of 216 high-tech Canadian firms, the authors find that new product performance is elevated only when exploratory learning is bundled with proactive market orientation. New product performance suffered when exploratory learning was complemented with responsive market orientation and when exploitative learning was complemented with proactive market orientation. Implications for marketing theory and practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Canada's high reliance on commodities can work against its constitutionally mandated goal of regional equity in economic development, while also inhibiting macroeconomic performance and limiting monetary policy effectiveness. Yet, flexible and integrated regional labour markets can help achieve both equity and macroeconomic goals. Therefore, this study examines the dynamics of Canadian provincial labour markets using a long-run restrictions structural vector autoregression (SVAR) model. Labour market fluctuations are decomposed into the parts arising from shocks to labour demand (new jobs), labour supply through migration (new people) and internal labour supply (original residents). The results suggest that demand innovations primarily underlie provincial labour market fluctuations. Despite significant geographic and language barriers that could impede their performance, there also is little overall evidence to suggest that provincial labour markets are more sluggish or less flexible than US state labour markets. Finally, original residents benefit slightly more from increased provincial labour demand compared to findings for US states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several charts and graphs are presented depicting the price indexes and prices of commercial products and services in Canada as of August 2008, including gross domestic product (GDP) price indexes, house prices and unit labour costs in the business sector.

Several charts and graphs are presented that depict the performance of goods-producing industries for 2003-2007 in Canada including manufacturing, construction, and resources.

Several graphs are presented depicting various prices in the economic sector in Canada including the gross domestic product price indexes, commodity prices and housing costs.

Several charts are presented depicting the condition of Canada's prices from 2003 to 2007, including gross domestic product price indexes, consumer price indexes, and industrial product price indexes by commodity.

Individuals can be money poor, time poor or both. While income is the most used indicator of poverty, broader indexes including non-monetary aspects of deprivation have been proposed and measured. As one such measure, our study focuses on the element of deprivation arising from the time deficit of many working people. The usual poverty threshold is calculated as the amount of income to buy the minimum required goods and services from the market. This minimum required purchase is greater for these people since they have less time than the average person to produce some goods and services for themselves at home. So, they need money to buy these in the market in order to maintain the same consumption. The income standard must be supplemented to adequately measure actual poverty. Time use data make it possible to establish time requirements and time availability and provide a measure of time poverty. Using Canadian GSS 1998 data, and building on the work of Vickery (1977, ‚The time poor: A new look at poverty’, The Journal of Human Resources 12(1), pp. 27-48) and of Douthitt (1993, ‚The inclusion of time availability in Canadian poverty measures’, Time-Use Methodology: Toward Consensus (ISTAT, Roma), pp. 83–91), and our own previous study, we estimate time-adjusted poverty thresholds and rates for single and dual parent Canadian families. As expected, we have found high incidence of time deficit among the employed single parents with children. We make a case for the acceptance of a redefined poverty standard for such time-deprived groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on the economic conditions of Canada as of September 2006. Household spending slowed due to declines for autos and housing. The current account surplus was cut in half to $4.2 billion in the second quarter due to the falling surplus in merchandise trade. Exports rebounded 1.1% to partly offset declines over the previous two months. Consumer prices bordered up 0.1% in July to offset a dip in June.

Several charts are presented depicting good-producing industries in Canada including manufacturing shipments, orders and inventories, miscellaneous manufacturing statistics and petroleum and natural gas.

Several charts are presented that lists gross domestic product price indexes, consumer price indexes, and industrial product price indexes by commodity and industry in Canada.

Presents the charts and graphs on the balance of international payments and merchandise trade, prices and volumes in Canada as of August 2005.

This empirical study examines the influence of environmental uncertainty on industrial product innovation. The present study addresses what is believed to be a shortcoming in the new product development literature and explores potential effects of environmental uncertainty on the development process, project organization, and on project timeliness with a sample of development projects in two countries, Canada and Australia. When looking at the combined sample of 182 completed projects, this study finds that the perceived market-related project environment has a direct and positive impact on time efficiency. Further, this research finds that a higher degree of technological uncertainty moderates the relationship between development process, project organization and time efficiency. Consequently, innovating companies may benefit by adapting some of their development approaches to different environmental conditions and to varying degrees of uncertainty. However, when examining country-specific effects, the results change quite significantly. In particular, the findings indicate that environmental uncertainty in the Canadian sample neither directly impacts time efficiency, nor does it have any moderating effect. Instead, technical proficiency in the development process, project team organization, and process compression appear to be viable strategies to increase time-efficient development. In contrast, the results of the Australian study suggest that perceived market and technological uncertainty impact time efficiency. In particular, under conditions of technological unpredictability, project team organization increases time efficiency, whereas process compression appears to decrease time-efficient product development. However, process compression seems to be a viable strategy in environments characterized by lower technological uncertainty. The results also point to the importance of disaggregating data when studying product development processes across countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents data on the volume and unit value indices of different countries, which reflect changes in the commodity composition of trade as well as pure price movement from 2002 to 2004. Canada; Mexico; U.S.; Australia.

Presents charts and graphs depicting the price levels in Canada. Gross domestic product price indexes; Consumer price indexes; Industrial product price indexes by commodity.

Presents statistics on the good-producing industries in Canada, compiled as of June 2004. Manufacturing shipments, orders and inventories; Capacity utilization rates; Farm cash receipts; Petroleum and natural gas; Energy and mining; Construction.

The article presents statistics for the goods producing industry of Canada during the year 2002 and 2003. The total shipment was of $550,375 million in 2002 and $545,742 million in 2003. The total amount for new orders was $546,761 million in 2002 and $537,870 million in 2003. The ratio of inventories to shipment was 1.36 in 2002 and 1.32 in 2003. Canadian production of motor vehicles was 2,349 hundred in 2002 and 2,276 hundred in 2003. The gross domestic product for the chemical industry was $16,228 million in 2002 and $16,841 million in 2003. Capacity utilization rate was 82.3 % in 2002 and 82.0 % in 2003.

Provides data on the overall performance of good-producing industries in Canada in 2003. Manufacturing shipments, orders and inventories; Miscellaneous manufacturing statistics; Capacity utilization rates; Farm cash and natural gas; Energy and mining; Construction.

Russell Knight has surveyed 124 small, high-technology firms in Canada to learn more about the processes they use to develop and market innovative products. The scope of his survey included an investigation of planning early in the product's development cycle, how products move from R&D to mass marketing, and how firms learn about their markets in very specialized areas. In general, Knight finds that the firms have more technical than general management expertise. Technically trained entrepreneurs have difficulty with general management skills needed to facilitate the successful introduction of new products. INSET: BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). NAFTA, which is the largest trade coalition in the world in economic population and product, has a major influence on the regional and global economy. It aims on improving market access which can be achieved by removing barriers to merchandise trade. It represents the process of North American economic integration which has incorporated the 1965 Auto Pact and the 1988 Free Trade Agreement between the United States and Canada.

It is argued that in approaching the issue of Canada's competitiveness in finished products and services internationally, a singular focus on productivity may be but a symptom of more serious underlying problems. Examples of such problems are provided and the implications and ethical concerns resulting from the probable technical solutions utilized to improve productivity are explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article gives discussion points for teaching a case on commercialization. This case takes place in a small Canadian information technology firm that has decided it wishes to become a world leader in wireless technologies. The case offers the student the opportunity to examine the challenges a small, unknown firm faced in pursuing commercialization of a product subject to network effects. Because this is a new-to-the-market technology being commercialized by a small, unknown, Canadian firm, the resolution to the case must be dealt with in the light of significant resource constraints, among them the lack of legitimacy of the firm and its product. As the decision point involves preparation for a top management meeting, the case lends itself to a simulation of that meeting. The debate that would subsequently ensue would involve students arguing for a particular course of action while using underlying theory and concepts to justify choices, and in so doing, enumerating the strengths, resources and challenges faced by this firm, as well as their implications. Some of the topics for debate could be private labeling the BlackBerry; pursuing aggressive licensing and an Intel inside strategy; selling out to Motorola or another major player; cooperating with potential competitors; and timing and direction of product development.

The article tests the applicability of marketing variables to the explanation of U.S. multinational corporate direct investment among Canadian manufacturing industries. Data for 50 manufacturing industries were analyzed, roughly half each in consumer and industrial goods fields. The dependent variable for the study was market share of Canadian manufacturing industry held by U.S. firms. Data for 1975 were used for the dependent variable and 1972-75 for the other variables. Lagging the independent variables relative to the dependent variable mitigates, somewhat, the argument that MNC market share in year z has caused the data configurations among independent variables. Substantial spillover of advertising exists because of network television broadcasts, especially from Maine, New York and Washington, and through circulation of U.S. national magazines in Canada. It is suggested in the research that initial investment by U.S. firms may be motivated by the desire to capture the marketing benefits of this spillover.