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The current study assessed emotional responses and emotion regulation strategies to the climate crisis, and their relationship to pro-environmental behaviour cross-sectionally using self-report online surveys. 1307 participants were recruited through convenience sampling from six European countries, alongside a distinct sample of 1040 participants representative of age, sex, and ethnicity in the United States. Our findings replicated the well-known association that stronger negative emotions to the climate crisis are associated with more pro-environmental behaviour. The relationship between climate emotions and pro-environmental behaviour was moderated by resignation in the US sample, by cognitive reappraisal and other-blame in the European sample and mediated by rumination in both samples. Furthermore, latent profiles of emotional responses were identified. In both samples, there was one distinct class demonstrating strong climate emotions, and a group with very low or no climate emotions (alongside with two/three groups with moderate emotional intensity in the European and the US samples, respectively). Findings also revealed that members of the emotional group were more likely to take climate action and tend to engage more in emotion regulation than the unemotional group. Our results highlight the crucial role of emotions and emotion regulation strategies in mitigating the climate crisis by taking pro-environmental action. • Negative climate emotions are linked with increased climate action. • Ruminating on climate change is associated with taking climate action. • Resignation moderates the link between negative climate emotions and climate action. • Shift of focus moderates the link between negative climate emotions and climate action. • Emotions are crucial in mitigating climate change by facilitating climate action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) of the CMIP6 global circulation models (GCMs) varies from 1.83°C to 5.67°C. Herein, 38 GCMs are grouped into three ECS classes (low, 1.80–3.00°C; medium, 3.01–4.50°C; high, 4.51–6.00°C) and compared against the ERA5‐T2m records from 1980–1990 to 2011–2021. We found that all models with ECS > 3.0°C overestimate the observed global surface warming and that spatial t‐statistics rejects the data‐model agreement over 60% (using low‐ECS GCMs) to 81% (using high‐ECS GCMs) of the Earth's surface. Thus, the high and medium‐ECS GCMs are unfit for prediction purposes. The low‐ECS GCMs are not fully satisfactory yet, but they are also found unalarming because by 2050 they predict a moderate warming (ΔTpreindustrial→2050 ≲ 2°C). Plain Language Summary: The last‐generation Coupled Model Intercomparison Projects (CMIP6) global circulation models (GCMs) are used by scientists and policymakers to interpret past and future climatic changes and to determine appropriate (adaptation or mitigation) policies to optimally address scenario‐related climate‐change hazards. However, these models are affected by large uncertainties. For example, their equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) varies from 1.83°C to 5.67°C, which makes their 21st‐century predicted warming levels very uncertain. This issue is here addressed by testing the GCMs' global and local performance in predicting the 1980–2021 warming rates against the ERA5‐T2m records and by grouping them into three equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) classes (low‐ECS, 1.80–3.00°C; medium‐ECS, 3.01–4.50°C; high‐ECS, 4.51–6.00°C). We found that: (a) all models with ECS > 3.0°C overestimate the observed global surface warming; (b) Student t‐tests show model failure over 60% (low‐ECS) to 81% (high‐ECS) of the Earth's surface. Thus, the high and medium‐ECS GCMs do not appear to be consistent with the observations and should not be used for implementing policies based on their scenario forecasts. The low‐ECS GCMs perform better, although not optimally; however, they are also found unalarming because for the next decades they predict moderate warming: ΔTpreindustrial→2050 ≲ 2°C. Key Points: The Coupled Model Intercomparison Projects, global circulation models (GCMs) are very different from each other; their equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) large range needs to be greatly constrained for scientific and policy purposesWe group the GCMs into three classes with low, medium, and high ECS; we test them against the ERA5‐T2m records using spatial t‐statisticsWe found that the high and medium‐ECS GCMs run too hot; the low‐ECS GCMs are not optimal yet, but also unalarming for the future [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This editorial introduces the journal Climate Action to its audience and defines its aims and scope. It first calls for the need to understand climate action as the choices and behavior of international organizations, governments, civil society, businesses, and individuals. Next, it discusses both the facilitators and impacts of climate action. The editorial concludes with a research agenda for climate action to be studied from a transdisciplinary perspective with practitioners for triggering widespread societal transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change is ravaging the whole world, but the poor vulnerable developing countries are the hardest hit even though they are not primarily responsible for the massive greenhouse gases emissions causing global warming and climate change. This is tantamount to climate injustice as they are being impacted severely and have limited capacity to mitigate or adapt to the changing climate. Consequently, there is a need to share the burdens of climate change equally and equitably without discrimination. This paper submits that the developed industrialized rich countries are primarily responsible for climate change due to their massive emissions of greenhouse gases because of their industrial activities. Of note, most of the equipment and machineries used for production and other activities in these countries, utilized fossil fuel and emit greenhouse gases in the process. As such, justice demands that they have to be responsible for providing adaptation and mitigation measures to the developed countries through the mechanisms provided and set out in all international law instruments and agreements reached at the various Conferences of the Parties (COPs). A proportion of the monies and revenue received from the activities resulting in the emission of greenhouse gases are to be allocated to developing countries for adaptation and mitigation of climate change for them to be able to have clean environment, wellbeing, and sustainable livelihood. More importantly, it is imperative to transit to zero emissions globally this can be made possible using renewable energy as an alternative to fossil fuel. The international communities should therefore improve their strategies and effectiveness regarding the implementation of all the treaty agreements on zero-emission to attain climate justice for all. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Offsetting is widely embraced as a market-based solution to global warming. Governments, universities, and businesses of all sorts have pledged to achieve "net zero" greenhouse gas emissions partly or entirely through offsetting projects, many of which rely on so-called nature-based solutions (NBSs). Offsets are meant to compensate for damage caused by emissions from one place by absorbing or preventing the release of an equivalent amount somewhere else. At best, offsetting results in no change in total emissions, but as theory predicts and experience shows, that best result is rarely attainable. Meanwhile, both land-based and industrial offsets legitimize continued emissions. There is active debate in Paris-pact talks and in climate politics more broadly over how much fossil-fuel industries and industrial countries will be allowed to delay real climate action by representing offsets as if they were emissions reductions. The American Association of Geographers should not contribute to this illusion by endorsing offsetting. Instead we should take steps to reduce our own emissions and speak out clearly when our work has bearing on policy decisions and public perceptions about the climate crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change is a serious problem, so both the natural and the socio-economic system are sensitive to climate change, and the magnitude and speed projected for them will have a significant impact, which will threaten the sustainability of these systems. The motivation for action in relation to climate change must not necessarily be found in what mankind has observed so far, but in what scientific models anticipate for the near future. If the warming process continues at the rate forecast today, the world will enter a period of unprecedented climate change in human history. In this sense, we identify the categories of waste that have a major impact on the environment and we want to propose efficient alternatives for recycling also. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Responses of summer precipitation in China to global 1.5°C warming with transient and stabilized pathways are investigated through the analysis of the Common Earth System Model climate simulations. Precipitation increases more significantly in southeast China in the stabilized scenario compared with the transient one. The difference is primarily attributable to dynamic factors related to circulation changes and driven by differences of land‐ocean thermal contrast between the two scenarios. The stabilized warming favors conditions of larger ocean warming and smaller land warming, leads to enhanced meridional temperature gradient and ultimately speeds up the jet stream over East Asia. Ageostrophic wind at the entrance of the accelerated jet strengthens ascending motion and precipitation along the coast of Asia from southeast China to India. The enhanced heating over India further induces a Kelvin‐wave response with an anomalous anticyclone that contributes to the enhanced westward shifted of the western North Pacific Subtropical High. Southerly winds at the west flank of the anticyclone transport moisture northward from tropical oceans, and strengthen precipitation in southeast China. Plain Language Summary: This study deals with the issue of regional precipitation response to 1.5°C global warming in accordance to the Paris Agreement on Climate Change for two different pathways, either transient or stabilized. Compared with the transient warming scenario, summer precipitation increases more significantly in southeast China in the stabilized one. This feature of distinctive precipitation responses, with strong implications for policy making in terms of regional climate mitigation and adaptation, is furthermore explored through a moisture budget analysis. Dynamic effect in relation to changes of atmospheric circulation is found to be the major contributor to the difference. The cause of the significant difference in precipitation in South China is attributed to changes of land‐ocean thermal contrast, leading to a series of atmospheric circulation adjustments. Results presented here satisfactorily addressed, for the first time, the long‐standing issue on global warming, namely, how the atmosphere responds distinctively under the transient and stabilized anthropogenic forcing pathways which show however an identical global warming level. Key Points: The summer precipitation increases more significantly in southeast China in the stabilized warming scenario compared with the transient oneThe dynamic effect in relation to changes of atmospheric circulation constitutes the major factor of distinctive precipitation responsesThe differential meridional thermal gradient related to a contrasted land‐ocean warming leads to dynamic changes [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Ege Universitesi, Ziraat Fakultesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Proliferative kidney disease (PKD) caused by the myxozoan parasite Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae is an emerging salmonid disease implicated in recent declines in salmonid populations. Laboratory experiments have shown that the clinical symptoms of PKD exacerbate with increasing temperature. However, empirical evidence for a relationship between climate change and PKD driven declines in wild salmonid stocks is scarce.The current study uses both empirical data and ecological niche modelling to extrapolate future changes in temperature and precipitation on the spread of PKD in relation to changes in suitability of rivers for its primary bryozoan and secondary salmonid hosts.A 20‐year dataset on brown trout density using standardised method shows a decline of more than 50% in the population of the river Wutach, south‐western Germany at 536–755 m elevation. The decline coincides with higher prevalence of PKD. This decline was temperature related and driven by reduced local survival of parr to yearlings. Kidney hyperplasia was highest at low elevations and correlated negatively with trout density.Niche models based on state‐wide data show strong overlap in the areas suitable for T. bryosalmonae and its primary bryozoan hosts, and a strong link with temperature. Projections based on moderate to high emission‐case climate change scenarios predict a 50%–82% decrease in the area suitable for salmonids within this century, linked to PKD.The empirical data identify temperature‐mediated PKD as the underlying cause of the population decline. This relationship was corroborated by the niche modelling results. The highest losses are expected in projected salmonid suitable areas where salmonid habitats currently overlap with areas suitable for T. bryosalmonae.With ongoing climate change, both current and future populations are at severe risk to T. bryosalmonae and its associated disease PKD. Conservation efforts of salmonid stocks are dependent on climate mitigation and measures to help salmonids adapt to the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Even though climate change involves much more than warming, it is the name given to a set of physical phenomena. It is a long-term change in weather patterns that characterises different regions of the world. The warming effect in the earth's atmosphere has dramatically increased through the influence of some heat-taping gases emitted by various human activities, especially fossil fuel burning. The more the input of such gases, the more will be the warming effect in the coming times. Global climate change is already visible in various parts of the larger ecosystems like forests, fisheries, biodiversity, and agriculture; however, it is now also influencing the supply of freshwater, human health, and well-being. This paper reviews climate change drivers, its global scenario, major global events, and assessing climate change impacts. The most daunting problem of economic and ecological risks, along with the threats to humanity, is also discussed. The paper further reviews the species' vulnerability to climate change and the heat waves and human migration vis-à-vis climate change. Climate change politics and coverage of climate change episodes in mass media is the special focus of this review that concludes with a few mitigation measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In climate ethics, there is a debate about how the carbon budget, in terms of emissions permits, should be divided between people. One popular proposal, sometimes called The Equal per Capita View, says that everyone should have an equal share of the available emissions permits. Several authors have objected to this view, arguing that: (i) the equal per capita view implies isolationism since it treats emissions permits in isolation from other considerations of justice such as development, poverty and trade; and (ii) isolationism is implausible since it yields a number of problematic implications; therefore (iii) the equal per capita view is implausible. I examine this argument against the equal per capita view by scrutinizing the presumed problematic implications of isolationism. I show that they are either mistakenly inferred from isolationism or irrelevant as to whether isolationism is plausible or not. I conclude that the equal per capita view should not be discarded for being an isolationist approach. Rather, both isolationism and the equal per capita view should be considered as potential action guides. This result is of relevance to the climate political debate, since it could promote progress in the climate negotiations that are needed for limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius, as set by the Paris Agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given that the conservation of subterranean ecosystems is finally gaining ground (Wynne et al., 2021), we believe it is of fundamental importance to tread lightly when considering interventions that directly affect the subterranean ecosystem (Mammola et al., 2022). However, ecosystem manipulation should follow strict guidelines to avoid unintended consequences to nontarget species (Simberloff & Stiling, 1996). Bats, climate change mitigation, conservation intervention, global warming, habitat manipulation, subterranean ecosystem Keywords: bats; climate change mitigation; conservation intervention; global warming; habitat manipulation; subterranean ecosystem EN bats climate change mitigation conservation intervention global warming habitat manipulation subterranean ecosystem 1 3 3 05/31/22 20220601 NES 220601 Global climate change is predicted to cause profound alterations in subterranean ecosystems in the next decades (Mammola, Piano, et al., 2019; Sánchez-Fernández et al., 2021). [Extracted from the article]

Teachers face a difficult but imperative task. All of them have to figure out how to talk about the complex forces behind climate change and its effects on cultural, safety, prosperity, and progression. They have to teach youngsters their possibility and the community’s ones how to act and become an important pillar in reducing the magnitude and intensity of climate change. Consequently, it is crucial to capitalize the training techniques that education requires for sustainable development, to take learning out of the classroom and into the community. Educators must act in advancing the school’s overall response to climate change, which involves focusing on climate and sustainability in the curriculum. In this regard, it is essential that the program contains strong and clear guidelines for the future. Teachers need to help learners adapt to climate change and the climate conditions of the future. Education has a crucial role to play in this difficult task. Its role is threefold. Firstly, it must play its part in developing social and individual capacities and attitudes towards climate change mitigation in order to prevent maximalist global warming projections in the near future. Secondly, skills development it is crucial as well as capabilities, and attitudes to adapt to the obvious and imminent climate impacts. Thirdly, it carries out a permanent position in stimulating and strengthening understanding and attention to the evident facts of the global warming. The education for the global warming targets a clear strong direction, namely a determinate commitment of the academic community in HEIs. It is also highlighted by the diversity of the variety of educational methods and approaches. Teachers who experience the teacher’s climate change education course will be involved in a wide variety of ways that will use both intelligence and training skills. Their mission is a very complete one and the result must be seen in the consequence of their student’s actions and attitude in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technological advances have the potential to balance climate change mitigation and economic development. However, it remains unclear how much technological advances alone can mitigate climate change and the associated economic losses in the future. Through designing a suite of technological advances scenarios and using an earth system model with an integrated assessment model, we illustrate that rapid technological progress without production control might achieve the 2°C global warming target in the 2100s. Relative to a world of stagnant technology, the frequency (intensity) of extreme warm events at the end of the 21st century (2081–2100) would be reduced by ∼21% (5.5°C) via rapid technological advances, with a reduction in extreme precipitation (droughts) by ∼41% (10 times). Furthermore, fast technological advances may reduce the global economic losses linked with climate change at 2081–2100 by ∼21% and those in China related to floods (droughts) by 86% (67%). Our results highlight the potential of technological advances to fill the emission gap between the Paris Agreement and unconditional Nationally Determined Contributions and hence to efficiently mitigate global warming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• COVID-19 pandemic aside, climate change is the ultimate challenge of our time • There is lack of political thrust to facilitate appropriate climate action • Climate change-induced mortality and morbidity are expected to rise globally • Little time is left to develop and implement mitigation and adaptation strategies COVID-19 pandemic aside, climate change is the ultimate challenge of our time. However, to date, there has been insufficient political thrust to make that much-needed climate action a reality. Infectious diseases represent only one facet of the threats arising from climate change. Direct impacts from climate change include the more frequent occurrence and increased magnitude of extreme weather events, as well as changing temperatures and precipitation patterns. For climate-sensitive infectious diseases, these changes implicate a shift in geographical and temporal distribution, seasonality, and transmission intensity. Susceptibility to the deleterious effects of climate change is a net result of the interplay of not only environmental factors, but also human, societal, and economic factors, with social inequalities being a major determinant of vulnerability. The global South is already disproportionately affected by the climate crisis. The financial capacity to pursue adaptation options is also limited and unevenly distributed. Climate change-induced mortality and morbidity from both infectious and non-infectious diseases, among other adverse scenarios, are expected to rise globally in the future. The coming decade will be crucial for using all remaining opportunities to develop and implement adequate mitigation and adaptation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following the trenchant criticism of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report concerning the lack of transparency in integrated assessment models (IAMs), much attention has been given to addressing this issue in the preparation of the Sixth Assessment Report (AR6). The issue of IAM transparency has been an ongoing concern for approximately two decades regarding the cloaking of value‐laden assumptions and output uncertainties. Due to the opaque nature of IAMs, the credibility of modeling results and the associated policy recommendations are patently limited, with policymakers inevitably having reservations as to the robustness of modeling outcomes given the deficit of information regarding the underlying assumptions. In an attempt to address the issue of a lack of transparency concerning IAM usage by the IPCC, a database containing the climate mitigation scenario ensemble which underpinned the Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5°C was made publicly available, the IAMC 1.5°C Scenario Explorer database. Despite this database, the omission of critical model input data and accompanying supporting documentation from its content fails to fulfill its raison d'être, that is to say, to ensure reproducibility and transparency. If the issue of IAM transparency is not fully addressed in the upcoming AR6 with respect to the provision of IAM input data, accompanied by supporting documentation, then the IPCC will have failed to meet its own declared commitment for this assessment cycle. This article is categorized under:Integrated Assessment of Climate Change > Integrated Assessment Modeling [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We are facing a planetary ecological crisis due to global warming, despoliation of our natural resources, mass scale industrial pollution, desertification, deforestation, widespread collapse of ecosystems, and extreme climate change. World overpopulation is nearing a record tipping-point, where food and water scarcity will bring about more famine, drought, pestilence, and death. Global catastrophic hazards have escalated due to the environmental crisis, encroachment by man, destabilized markets, hegemonic politics, the ubiquitous dread of nuclear war, terrorism, infectious diseases, techno nihilism, and psychological selfinterest driving everything from vain desire to the local economy and international relations, not to mention the anathema of evil, abuse, trauma, greed, and the psychopathology of everyday life. Our recalcitrant dependency on fossil fuel is gradually suffocating the planet. Greenhouse warming, climate catastrophes, and aberrant weather phenomena occur every day throughout the globe and yet we do very little to mitigate it, let alone reverse its course. Moreover, we have caused the Anthropocene. Despite the fact that we see the ruin with our own eyes and do practically nothing to mitigate the ecological crisis, world masses have adopted a global bystander effect, where denial and abnegation of social responsibility lie at its very core. Regardless of the degree of gravity we assign to these calculated risks imperiling our existence, we cannot ignore the ominous threat of planetary extinction unless humanity unites in moral preventative action. After offering an adumbrated exposition of our ecological crisis, I examine these complexifications through a combined methodology relying on causal layered analysis, risk mitigation concerns, and foresight praxis as new directions in futures studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given limited scientific agreement on approaches and methodologies, estimates of climate-change adaptation costs vary widely. Here, we present a meta-analysis of aggregate adaptation costs in developing countries, across three roughly homogeneous groups of estimates, i.e. national plan-based, bottom-up science-based, and global top-down estimates. We show that the level of global warming, a country's economic status, and methodology applied, are the main determinants for the estimated costs of adaptation. Not surprisingly, adaptation costs are much higher at high levels of global warming by 2050 and 2100, diverging from low levels of warming from the 2030s. Consequently, strong global mitigation action could reduce the adaptation costs by three quarters by 2100. Next, adaptation costs are higher for high-income countries in absolute dollar value, but costs are higher relative to gross domestic product for low-income countries. The integrated assessment model based estimates are at the higher end of the range at the global scale, but the estimates based on the sectoral impacts aggregation approach are higher in case of bottom-up estimates. Regardless of the methodology applied, current climate finance pledges of USD100 billion by 2020 - for both mitigation and adaptation - would fall far short of estimated global adaptation costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Glasgow Climate Summit, held in December 2021, concluded with the adoption of the "Glasgow Climate Pact" and complementary decisions to accelerate climate action. Clear plans and mandates were established with specific milestones to promote ambition and action in the coming years. The Paris goal was updated, focusing on limiting global warming to 1.5°C and reducing global emissions by 45% by 2030. Concrete sectoral actions were promoted, such as reducing the use of coal and eliminating subsidies for fossil fuels. Additionally, issues such as the importance of vulnerability and resilience of developing countries, financing for adaptation, and climate change-related losses and damages were addressed. The importance of climate justice and the participation of non-governmental actors in climate decision-making were also highlighted. [Extracted from the article]

SUMMARY Global changes in climatic conditions are expected to disrupt marine ecosystems. Ocean warming is one of many concerns, since more than 90% of the Earth's warming occurs in the oceans. Macrophyte‐dominated communities recently have become the focus of climate mitigation due to their high carbon sequestration rate. Therefore, there is an urgent need to understand the effects of environmental variables on the phenological response of photosynthesis in entire macrophyte communities (i.e., community production). We conducted 30 monitoring surveys from May 2015 to February 2017 and collected time‐series data of environmental variables in Zostera marina (3 m depth) and Sargassum siliquastrum (1 m depth) communities. The community production and respiration from two different macrophyte communities were calculated from dissolved oxygen time‐series. Analysis of the time‐series indicated strong diurnal frequencies for dissolved oxygen, light, and net ecosystem production, whereas weekly frequencies dominated for water temperature, chlorophyll a fluorescence, and current speed. Water temperature appeared to drive mean gross ecosystem production over the course of a year and light induced variations in the short‐term and were similar in both macrophyte communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite their heterogeneity, small island developing states (SIDS) are recognized as being particularly at risk to climate change, and, as they share numerous common traits, the United Nations recognizes them as a special group. SIDS have been quite vocal in calling attention to the challenges they face from climate change and advocating for greater international ambition to limit global warming. Here, we unpack factors that are helpful in understanding the relationship between climate change and SIDS through a review of studies that span disciplines and methodologies. We assess patterns of hazards, exposure, and vulnerability; impacts and risks; awareness and knowledge; adaptation planning and implementation; mitigation; loss and damage; and climate justice to provide an overarching review of literature on climate change and SIDS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sustainability in Debate / Sustentabilidade em Debate is the property of University of Brasilia, Center for Sustainable Development and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)