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Introduction: Numerous studies indicate that alopecia areata is associated with systemic inflammation with an increased serum level of proinflammatory cytokines. Recent studies have indicated a higher incidence of cardiovascular diseases in patients with alopecia areata. Objective: To evaluate the cardiovascular risk calculated with various scoring systems in patients with alopecia areata compared to the controls. Material and methods: In the present study, the cardiovascular risk was evaluated in 91 patients with alopecia areata and 47 controls with the use of QRESEARCH risk estimator version 3 (QRISK-3), Framingham Risk score - Coronary heart disease (FRS-CHD), Framingham Risk Score - Cardiovascular disease (FRS-CVD), Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) Risk Estimator Plus and Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) risk charts. Results: An increased median QRISK-3 was observed in patients with alopecia areata compared to controls (1.2 [0.5-5.5] vs. 0.9 [0.2-3.2]; p < 0.05). Moreover, higher median FRS-CHD, FRS-CVD, ASCVD Risk Estimator Plus scores were detected in patients with alopecia areata compared to control subjects (4.5 (2.4-9) vs. 3.35 (1.5-6.7); 0.85 (0.1-2.4) vs. 0.45 (0.1-1) and 2.5 (0.7-8.2) vs. 1.9 (0.8-4.3), respectively). However, those differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). In patients with alopecia areata, a positive correlation was observed between QRISK-3 and the age of the patient, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides. Conclusions: Alopecia areata is associated with an increased cardiovascular risk. Regular cardiovascular screening should be recommended to every patient with alopecia areata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Forum Zaburzen Metabolicznych is the property of VM Medica-VM Group (Via Medica) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of General Medicine & Health Sciences / Medycyna Ogólna i Nauki o Zdrowiu is the property of Witold Chodzki Institute of Rural Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cardiovascular diseases, including coronary heart disease still consititute the main reason for deaths and permanent disabilities all over the world. The role of somatic factors in the process of their development is very well- -researched thus cogent and the knowledge on the influence of behavioural and personality-related factors is often underappreciated. There is, however, successive influx of information about the relationship of personality and development, course of cardiovasular diseases lately. The aim of the work is to depict the relationship between the type D personality and coronary heart disease with special emphasis on the influence of type D personality traits on how the disease progresses and its prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) is involved in reverse cholesterol transport, mediates the exchange of cholesteryl esters for triglycerides between high-density lipoproteins and low-density lipoproteins/very low-density lipoproteins. Lipid transfer mechanism by CETP is unknown. Two main models have been proposed for the mechanism of action of CETP: shuttle and tunnel mechanisms. The variants of CETP gene affect activity and level of protein, thus they are associated with lipid profile and risk of many diseases. Some clinical studies reported that polymorphisms of CETP, including TaqIB and I405V, are associated with risk of atherosclerosis and/or Alzheimer's disease. CETP plays important role an in the metabolism of cholesterol, thus is correlated with pathomechanism of coronary artery disease. Inhibition of CETP can be an effective strategy to improve the lipid profile and reduce risk of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies to reduce activity of CETP or decrease its level are developed. Effectiveness of following pharmacological methods of modulation of CETP activity was studied: anti-CETP vaccines, antisense oligonucleotide and small molecule inhibitors of CETP. This article presents an overview of the literature on the correlation between cardiovascular diseases and CETP protein/CETP gene. Furthermore, it discusses the impact of CETP on pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lenard Rafał, Zielińska Urszula, Michalczak Magdalena, Sobieszczańska Anna, Smoleń Agata. Ocena przydatności parametrów przezklatkowego badania echokardiograficznego w diagnostyce choroby niedokrwiennej serca = The assessment of fitness parameters of transthoracic echocardiography in the diagnosis of coronary heart disease. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(12):701-716. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.45069 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%2812%29%3A701-716 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/701302 Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011–2014http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport (null) 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2015; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 10.12.2015. Revised 25.12.2015. Accepted: 29.12.2015. Ocena przydatności parametrów przezklatkowego badania echokardiograficznego w diagnostyce choroby niedokrwiennej serca The assessment of fitness parameters of transthoracic echocardiography in the diagnosis of coronary heart disease Rafał Lenard1, Urszula Zielińska2, Magdalena Michalczak1, Anna Sobieszczańska3, Agata Smoleń1 1Katedra i Zakład Epidemiologii i Metodologii Badań Klinicznych, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie 2Klinika Neurochirurgii i Neurochirurgii Dziecięcej, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie 3Katedra i Zakład Ortopedii Szczękowej, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie Streszczenie Wprowadzenie Choroby układu krążenia stanowią główną przyczynę zgonów w Europie. Przezklatkowe badanie echokardiograficzne TTE wykonuje się celem oceny anatomii serca, oceny kurczliwości globalnej i odcinkowej lewej komory, oceny aorty piersiowej oraz naczyń płucnych. TTE należy do podstawowych badań w diagnostyce choroby niedokrwiennej serca. Cel pracy Celem pracy była ocena przydatności parametrów przezklatkowego badania echokardiograficznego w diagnostyce zmian w naczyniach wieńcowych. Materiał i metody Badaniem objęto 197 osób, w wieku od 43 do 88 lat, którzy byli hospitalizowani z powodu choroby niedokrwiennej serca (106 osób – 53,9% ze stabilną chorobą niedokrwienną serca, 91 osób – 46,1% z ostrym zespołem wieńcowym - OZW). Wyniki badań U pacjentów z OZW z obniżeniem frakcji wyrzutowej lewej komory częściej występowały istotne zmiany w tętnicach wieńcowych (p

Lenard Rafał, Niedziela Magdalena, Sobieszczańska Anna, Smoleń Agata. Znaczenie przezklatkowej echokardiografii w diagnostyce choroby niedokrwiennej serca = The role of transthoracic echocardiography in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(11):11-24. ISSN 2391-8306. DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.33160 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%2811%29%3A11-24 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/665723 Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011–2014http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive Deklaracja. Specyfika i zawartość merytoryczna czasopisma nie ulega zmianie. Zgodnie z informacją MNiSW z dnia 2 czerwca 2014 r., że w roku 2014 nie będzie przeprowadzana ocena czasopism naukowych; czasopismo o zmienionym tytule otrzymuje tyle samo punktów co na wykazie czasopism naukowych z dnia 31 grudnia 2014 r. The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1089. (31.12.2014). © The Author (s) 2015; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 05.09.2015. Revised 05.10.2015. Accepted: 30.10.2015. Znaczenie przezklatkowej echokardiografii w diagnostyce choroby niedokrwiennej serca The role of transthoracic echocardiography in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease Rafał Lenard1, Magdalena Niedziela2, Anna Sobieszczańska3, Agata Smoleń4 1doktorant Katedry i Zakładu Epidemiologii, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie 2Studenckie Koło Naukowe przy Katedrze i Zakładzie Epidemiologii, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie 3Katedra i Zakład Ortopedii Szczękowej Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Lublinie 4Katedra i Zakład Epidemiologii, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie 1PhD student Deparment of Epidemiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland 2Students Research Circle at the Deparment of Epidemiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland 3Department of Jaw Orthopaedics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland 4Deparment of Epidemiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland Abstrakt Wprowadzenie: Zapadalność na chorobę wieńcową serca należy do najwyższych wśród chorób układu krążenia w społeczeństwach krajów wysoko rozwiniętych. Choroba niedokrwienna serca jest to zespół objawów chorobowych, które są następstwem stanu niewystarczającego zaopatrzenia komórek mięśnia serca w tlen i w substancje odżywcze, a jej obraz kliniczny wykazuje duże zróżnicowania. Jednym z cennych badań diagnostycznych w tej chorobie jest przezklatkowe badanie echokardiograficzne. Wykonywane jest w celu oceny anatomii mięśnia serca, oceny kurczliwości globalnej i odcinkowej lewej komory, oceny aorty piersiowej oraz naczyń płucnych. Cel pracy: Celem pracy była ocena znaczenia przezklatkowej echokardiografii w diagnostyce choroby niedokrwiennej serca. Skrócony opis stanu wiedzy: Wśród wielu objawów i następstw w chorobie niedokrwiennej serca może występować upośledzenie funkcji skurczowej i rozkurczowej lewej komory, niedokrwienna niedomykalność zastawki mitralnej oraz powiększenie lewego przedsionka. U pacjentów po zawale mięśnia serca, objęty niedokrwieniem obszar ulega włóknieniu i zanikowi oraz przestaje pełnić swoje funkcje. W rozpoznawaniu choroby niedokrwiennej serca ważne znaczenie ma echokardiografia obciążeniowa, zwłaszcza w przypadku współistnienia dodatkowych czynników, utrudniających interpretację próby wysiłkowej EKG. Podsumowanie: Badanie echokardiograficzne powinno być wykonywane u każdego pacjenta z podejrzeniem choroby niedokrwiennej serca. Jest ono najważniejszym badaniem w diagnostyce różnicowej bólów w klatce piersiowej i należy do badań prognostycznych u pacjentów z chorobą niedokrwienną serca. Słowa kluczowe: echokardiografia, choroba niedokrwienna serca, diagnostyka. Abstract Introduction: The incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD) is the highest of cardiovascular disease in societies of highly developed countries. Coronary artery disease is complex of clinical syndrome based on inadequate supply of heart muscle cells with oxygen and nutrients. The clinical picure of CAD shows large variation. One of the valuable diagnostic studies for this disease is transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). TTE is performed to assess the anatomy of the heart, global and segmental left ventricular contractility and the structure of the thoracic aorta and pulmonary vessels. Aim of the study The aim of the study was to evaluate the importance of transthoracic echocardiography in the diagnosis of coronary heart disease. Short description of state of knowledge Among the many symptoms and consequences of coronary artery disease impaired systolic and diastolic left ventricular contractility, ischemic mitral regurgitation and left atrial enlargement may occur. In patients after myocardial infarction, atrophy and fibrosis of myocardium is leading to impairment of myocardial function. In the diagnosis of coronary artery disease stress echocardiography is important, especially in the case of co-existing additional factors causing difficulty in the interpretation of stress ECG. Conclusion. Echocardiography should be performed in all patients with suspected coronary artery disease. It is the most important test in the differential diagnosis of chest pain. Echocardiography has a predictive value in patients with ischemic heart disease. Keywords: echocardiography, coronary artery disease, diagnosis.

Ischemic heart disease is a major cause of death and disabilities worldwide. Unfortunately, not all patients are suitable for direct revascularization. Cell-based therapies may be alternative options because of their potential to promote neovascularisation and endothelial repair, improving myocardial perfusion. The success of cell-based therapies depends on the type of implanted stem cells, delivery method and underlying disease. Several different cell populations including bone marrowderived mononuclear cells (MNCs), mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), CD34+, CD133+, endothelial progenitor cells, adiposederived mesenchymal stromal cells (ASCs) and stem cells from placenta and umbilical cord have been investigated. Presently, no consensus exists about the best cell type for clinical regenerative therapy. Because the system of coronary arteries in the ischemic area is poor and most of the coronary artery is significantly narrowed or closed, direct implantation of stem cells in the ischemic area of the heart muscle appears an attractive method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental Medicine / Medycyna Srodowiskowa is the property of Witold Chodzki Institute of Rural Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Tomaszewski Michał, Kozioł Maciej, Kozioł Jadwiga, Zadrąg-Olko Agnieszka, Tomaszewski Andrzej, Łuczyk Robert. Wartość diagnostyczna MSCT w chorobie niedokrwiennej serca u pacjentów z dodatnią próbą wysiłkową = Diagnostic value of MSCT in ischemic heart disease in patients with positive exercise test. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(5):341-348. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.53148 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3529 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 05.05.2016. Revised 25.05.2016. Accepted: 25.05.2016. WARTOŚĆ DIAGNOSTYCZNA MSCT W CHOROBIE NIEDOKRWIENNEJ SERCA U PACJENTÓW Z DODATNIĄ PRÓBĄ WYSIŁKOWĄ Diagnostic value of MSCT in ischemic heart disease in patients with positive exercise test Michał Tomaszewski1, Maciej Kozioł2, Jadwiga Kozioł1, Agnieszka Zadrąg-Olko3, Andrzej Tomaszewski1, Robert Łuczyk4 1Klinika Kardiologii, Samodzielny Publiczny Szpital Kliniczny nr 4 w Lublinie 2Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie 3Oddział Onkologii Klinicznej, Samodzielny Publiczny Szpital Wojewódzki im. Papieża Jana Pawła II, Zamość 4Katedra Interny z Zakładem Pielęgniarstwa Internistycznego Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Lublinie Abstract Introduction: The ECG stress test remains the most popular non-invasive diagnostic tool in coronary vascular disease (CVD) diagnostics. However, it is characterized by low sensitivity (50%), thus, it was marginalized in the latest ESC guidelines for myocardial revascularization. The development of imaging techniques provided medicine with new methods of non-invasive diagnostics for coronary CVD. One of those techniques is multislice computed tomography (MSCT), which sufficient time and spatial resolution allows a reliable assessment of the coronary arteries. High negative predictive value of this method is particularly important, as it allows the waiver of further conservative treatment, tests and invasive procedures. Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the usefulness of MSCT in CVD diagnostics in patients with positive ECG stress test. Methods: The study was conducted on 100 consecutive patients (65% females, mean age 55 ± 8,9 years) with positive ECG stress test result. All of the patients underwent a CT scan of coronary arteries on 64 row CT. The retrospective analysis was based on the data obtained from the referrals issued by doctors of cardiology clinics. Analyzed parameters were: age, sex, BMI, the character of a referral (stable, urgent, sudden), blood pressure, heart rate and CCS class of a patient. Results: Most (84%) of the patients with positive result of ECG stress test, had no significant changes in their coronary arteries, only 16% had advanced changes. Statistically significant correlations between age, sex, indications for diagnostics and diagnosis were proven. Also, the correlation between Calcium Score and diagnosis was demonstrated. Conclusion: Conducting an MSCT imaging in patients with positive ECG stress test can lower the number of patients referred for an invasive treatment. Key words: CVD, coronary vascular disease, ECG stress test, MSCT. Abstrakt Wstęp: Elektrokardiograficzna próba wysiłkowa pozostaje najpopularniejszym nieinwazyjnym narzędziem w diagnostyce choroby niedokrwiennej serca. Ze względu na swoją niską czułość została ona zmarginalizowana w najnowszych wytycznych ESC dotyczących rewaskularyzacji mięśnia sercowego. Rozwój technik obrazowania dostarczył jednak nowych metod obrazowania naczyń wieńcowych. Jedną z tych metod jest wielorzędowa tomografia komputerowa (MSCT), charakteryzująca się wystarczającą rozdzielczością czasową i przestrzenną, by możliwa była wiarygodna ocena naczyń wieńcowych. Szczególnie ważna jest wysoka ujemna wartość predykcyjna tej metody, która pozwala na uniknięcie niepotrzebnych dalszych badań czy inwazyjnych zabiegów. Cel badania: Celem badania było ustalenie wartości MSCT w diagnostyce choroby niedokrwiennej serca u pacjentów z dodatnią próbą wysiłkową. Materiały i metody: Badanie przeprowadzono wśród 100 kolejnych pacjentów (65% kobiet, średni wiek 55± 8,9 lat) z dodatnim wynikiem elektrokardiograficznej próby wysiłkowej. U wszystkich pacjentów wykonano obrazowanie tętnic wieńcowych za pomocą 64-rzędowego tomografu komputerowego. Retrospektywna analiza opisowa grupy została oparta na informacjach uzyskanych ze skierowań wystawionych przez lekarzy z poradni kardiologicznych na badanie MSCT. Analizowanymi parametrami były: wiek, płeć, BMI, tryb skierowania na badanie (przypadek stabilny, pilny, nagły), ciśnienie krwi, częstość akcji serca oraz klasa CCS do której zakwalifikowano pacjenta. Wyniki: U większości (84%) pacjentów z dodatnim wynikiem próby wysiłkowej badanie MSCT nie wykazało istotnych zmian w tętnicach wieńcowych, tylko u 16% pacjentów stwierdzono zaawansowane zmiany. Udowodniono istotne statystycznie korelacje między wiekiem, płcią i wskazaniem do wykonania badania a ostateczną diagnozą. Wykazano także korelację między wynikiem Calcium Score a diagnozą. Wnioski: Wykonanie badania MSCT u pacjenta z dodatnim wynikiem elektrokardiograficznej próby wysiłkowej może obniżyć liczbę pacjentów kierowanych do leczenia inwazyjnego. Słowa kluczowe: choroba wieńcowa, choroba niedokrwienna serca, elektrokardiograficzna próba wysiłkowa, MSCT.

Kalinowski Paweł, Mianowana Maryla. Zespół Metaboliczny cz. II: Epidemiologia zespołu metabolicznego w Polsce i na świecie = Metabolic Syndrome part II: Epidemiology of metabolic syndrome in Poland and in the World. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(4):466-480. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.50681 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3497 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 05.04.2016. Revised 25.04.2016. Accepted: 28.04.2016. Zespół Metaboliczny cz. II: Epidemiologia zespołu metabolicznego w Polsce i na świecie Metabolic Syndrome part II: Epidemiology of metabolic syndrome in Poland and in the World Paweł Kalinowski1, Maryla Mianowana2 1. Samodzielna Pracownia Epidemiologii Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie, Staszica 4/6, 20-081 Lublin 2. Oddział Kardiologii – Pododdział Intensywnego Nadzoru Kardiologicznego, Wojewódzki Szpital Specjalistyczny im. Stefana Kardynała Wyszyńskiego, Al. Kraśnicka 100, 20-718 Lublin Słowa kluczowe: zespół metaboliczny, insulinooporność, choroby sercowo-naczyniowe, choroba niedokrwienna serca Key words: metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, cardio-vascular diseases, coronary heart disease Streszczenie Zespół metaboliczny jako czynnik ryzyka rozwoju chorób sercowo-naczyniowych i cukrzycy typu 2, jak pokazują liczne badania, jest znacznie rozpowszechniony zarówno w Polsce jak i w Europie oraz na innych kontynentach. Od lat prowadzone są badania, która definicja zespołu metabolicznego ma najlepszą wartość prognostyczną i diagnostyczną. W zależności od kryteriów stosowanych w różnych definicjach, a także od charakterystyki badanej populacji, częstość występowania zespołu metabolicznego jest różna. Niezależnie od kryteriów jest ona wysoka i wciąż rośnie. Celem pracy było przedstawienie rozpowszechnienia zespołu metabolicznego w Polsce i innych krajach, jako czynnika ryzyka chorób układu sercowo-naczyniowego na podstawie danych dostępnych z piśmiennictwa. Według badań przeprowadzonych w Polsce zespół metaboliczny dotyczy około 20% dorosłej populacji, czyli około 5,8 miliona mieszkańców Polski, częściej występuje u kobiet niż u mężczyzn. Na świecie problem ten może dotyczyć nawet 33% populacji Stanów Zjednoczonych, 27% populacji Chin, w Europie zawiera się pomiędzy ok. 15% (Francja) do około 34 % populacji (Włochy, Finlandia). Zespół metaboliczny wiąże się ze zwiększoną częstością występowania cukrzycy, zdarzeń sercowo-naczyniowych i śmiertelności, według wielu badań 2,5-krotnie zwiększa ryzyko wystąpienia zawału mięśnia serca, powoduje 1,5-krotny wzrost śmiertelności całkowitej i 2-krotny wzrost incydentów sercowo-naczyniowych. Summary As numerous studies have shown, metabolic syndrome as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and type II diabetes is widely spread, both in Poland and Europe and on other continents. The research work aiming at determining which definition of the metabolic syndrome has the best predictive and diagnostic value has been conducted for many years. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome differs depending on the criteria used in various definitions, as well as the characteristics of the examined population. Yet, irrespective of the criteria, its level remains high and is still growing. The aim of the current study is to present the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease) in Poland and other countries on the basis of information available from the reference literature. According to the studies conducted in Poland metabolic syndrome affects approximately 20 % of the adult population, that is approximately 5.8 mln. residents of Poland. It occurs more often in women than in men. Worldwide this problem might involve as much as 33% of the USA population, 27% of China’s population, and in Europe this varies between approximately 15% (France) and approximately 34% of the population (Italy, Finland). Metabolic syndrome is connected with an increased incidence rate of diabetes, cardiovascular events and mortality rate; according to many studies it raises the risk of myocardial infarction 2.5-fold, and causes a 1.5-fold increase in the total mortality rate and a 2-fold increase of the number of cardiovascular events.

Wołowiec Łukasz, Banach Joanna, Rogowicz Daniel, Surowiec Agnieszka, Zukow Walery, Sinkiewicz Władysław. Przewrót w leczeniu choroby niedokrwiennej serca – rola kardiologii interwencyjnej = The revolution in the treatment of ischaemic heart disease – the role of interventional cardiology. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(1):271-280. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.45357 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/3347 https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/710516 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 755 (23.12.2015). 755 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 01.01.2016. Revised 12.01.2016. Accepted: 31.01.2016. Przewrót w leczeniu choroby niedokrwiennej serca – rola kardiologii interwencyjnej The revolution in the treatment of ischaemic heart disease – the role of interventional cardiology Łukasz Wołowiec1, Joanna Banach1, Daniel Rogowicz1, Agnieszka Surowiec2,Walery Zukow3, Władysław Sinkiewicz1 1II Katedra Kardiologii, Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu 2Studenckie Koło Naukowe Diagnostyki i Terapii Niewydolności Serca, II Katedra Kardiologii, Wydział Nauk o Zdrowiu, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu 3Instytut Kultury Fizycznej, Wydział Kultury Fizycznej, Zdrowia i Turystyki, Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy Streszczenie Choroba niedokrwienna serca (ChNS) [z ang. ischaemic heart disease (IHD)] wynika z ograniczonego dopływu krwi do mięśnia sercowego. W ponad 95% przypadków przyczyną ChNS jest zmniejszenie przepływu wieńcowego spowodowanego miażdzycą tętnic wieńcowych, dlatego celem opisu tego zespołu chorobowego często zamienne stosuje się termin choroba wieńcowa [z ang. coronary artery disease (CAD) lub coronary heart disease (CHD)]. Manifestacja kliniczna IHD obejmuje swoim spektrum cztery zespoły chorobowe: zawał mięśnia sercowego; dusznicę bolesną, przewlekłą IHD z niewydolnością serca i nagłą śmierć sercową. W wysoko rozwiniętych krajach Europy IHD jest główną przyczyną zgonów i niepełnosprawności. Śmiertelność z powodu choroby wieńcowej w ciągu ostatnich czterech dekad znacząco się zmniejszyła, lecz mimo tego ciągle jest ona odpowiedzialna za około jedną trzecią zgonów u osób powyżej 35 roku życia. Celem pracy jest przedstawienie ewolucji w kardiologii inwazyjnej, która doprowadziła do znaczącego zmiejszenia śmiertelności i wydłużenia życia chorych z IHD. Abstract Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) is a condition which results from reduced blood supply to the heart muscle. In more than 90% of cases, the cause of myocardial ischemia is reduction in coronary blood flow due to atherosclerotic coronary arterial obstruction. Thus, IHD is often termed coronary artery disease (CAD) or coronary heart disease (CHD). The clinical manifestations of IHD can be divided into four syndromes: myocardial infarction (MI), angina pectoris, chronic IHD with heart failure and sudden cardiac death. Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a major cause of death and disability in developed countries. Although CHD mortality rates worldwide have declined over the past four decades, but still CHD remains responsible for about one-third or more of all deaths in individuals over age 35. The aim of this work is to explain of evolution in invasive cardiology, which lead to decrease in mortality and prolonged life in patients with IHD. Słowa kluczowe: choroba niedokrwienna serca, stent, kardiologia interwencyjna. Key words: ischaemic heart disease, stent, interventional cardiology.

Wszystkie składowe zespołu metabolicznego zwiększają ryzyko sercowo‑naczyniowe, a cukrzyca uznawana jest za szczególnie silny negatywny czynnik prognostyczny. Pacjenci z cukrzycą często negują typowe dolegli‑ wości dławicowe, skarżąc się jedynie na niespecyficzną duszność, nadmierną potliwość, uczucie zmęczenia, wyczerpania. Równocześnie jej występowanie wiąże się z istotnym niedoszacowaniem występowania choro‑ by wieńcowej, późniejszym rozpoznaniem niedokrwienia mięśnia sercowego, nieoptymalną farmakoterapią i rzadszym leczeniem interwencyjnym. Autorzy przedstawiają przypadek chorego z zespołem metabolicznym (negującego dolegliwości dławicowe), diagnozowanego w kierunku choroby niedokrwiennej serca z powodu dyskretnych nieprawidłowości elektrokardiograficznych. Wykonanie sekwencji nieinwazyjnych badań obrazo‑ wych (radioizotopowy test wysiłkowy, badanie echokardiograficzne z oceną kurczliwości metodą odkształce‑ nia dwuwymiarowego) umożliwiło rozpoznanie i ocenę efektu leczenia zaawansowanej choroby wieńcowej. Szczególnie wartościową obserwacją było wystąpienie w trakcie fazy recovery radioizotopowego testu wysił‑ kowego opóźnionego uniesienia odcinka ST, co jest zjawiskiem bardzo rzadkim, a świadczącym o istotnym zwężeniu naczynia nasierdziowego. W opisywanym przypadku rozpoznanie choroby wieńcowej zostało usta‑ lone dzięki zastosowaniu nowoczesnych technik obrazowania, których nieinwazyjny charakter gwarantuje bez‑ pieczeństwo pacjenta. Wykorzystanie tych wysoce wiarygodnych metod diagnostycznych umożliwiło wykry‑ cie krytycznego zwężenia tętnicy wieńcowej, którego konsekwencją hemodynamiczną mógł być w niedalekiej przyszłości ostry zespół wieńcowy, jako pierwsza manifestacja kliniczna choroby wieńcowej. W przypadku wątpliwości klinicznych, zwłaszcza u asymptomatycznych chorych wysokiego ryzyka sercowo‑naczyniowego, słuszne jest zatem podejście zindywidualizowane i korzystanie z wszelkich dostępnych badań obrazowych.

Introduction: Completeness of myocardial revascularization is essential in surgical treatment of coronary artery disease. The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of coronary endarterectomy as an adjunct to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in the most difficult cases. Material and methods: Among 1559 patients who had CABG in our department, the cases of 17 who underwent an adjunct left anterior descending endarterectomy were analyzed. All procedures were performed with median sternotomy, extracorporeal circulation and in mild hypothermia (34oC), by the same surgeon. No coronary artery endarterectomy was planned before surgery. Results: There was no infarction or cardiac arrest during hospitalization. Only one patient required mechanical circulatory support (intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation). Each patient was contacted and investigation for major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) was performed. Eleven patients (65%) already underwent midterm clinical evaluation. There was no death, myocardial infarction or cerebrovascular incident during the entire period (mean follow-up at 15.3 months). One patient required urgent coronarography due to chest pain. No other patient had chest pain or significant deterioration of ventricular function in echocardiography. Conclusions: Outcomes and potential indications for performing left anterior descending coronary endarterectomy as an adjunct to CABG are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. The examination referred to two groups of female patients: with and without significant coronary stenoses in coronarography. There were two stages of the examination: before and 6-9 months after coronarography. The factor dividing patients into two groups: without significant atheromatosis and with coronary atheromatosis, was the result of invasive diagnostics of coronary heart disease. Methods. The sense of coherence scale (SOC-29) and sociodemographic questionnaires were used to evaluate the condition of the two groups. Results. In group of patients with irrelevant coronary stenoses statistically lower values of sense of comprehension were noticed in the first and the second examination and also statistically lower values of sense of manage were observed, comparing to the group of patients with significant stenoses. The initial value of general coherence was comparable in both groups and did not significantly change in 6-9 months after coronarography. The characteristic parameters: lack of social support, intensity of depressiveness and anxiety before getting information about necessity of coronarography and worse education were connected with lower sense of coherence. Conclusions. The baseline strength of the total sense of coherence was not different between groups. Patients with no significant stenosis of coronary arteries demonstrate a lower sense of comprehensibility before and after the coronary arteriography and lower sense of manageability after the procedure compared to the group of patients with significant atherosclerotic lesions. No social support, tendency for depression and anxiety and lower level of education were associated with lower sense of coherence in both groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronary artery disease remain one of the leading causes of mortality in the world, indicating the need for innovative therapies and diagnosis for heart disease. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have recently emerged as one of the central players in regulating gene expression which implicatate in normal cardiac development and many pathological process of the cardiovascular system, including cardiac arrhythmia, heart failure, cardiac fibrosis, coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. miRNA are small noncoding RNAs 18-23 nucleotides in length that regulate expression of target genes through sequence-specific hybridization to the 3' untranslated region of messenger RNAs and block translation. miRNAs are not only found intracellularly, but also detectable outside cells, including various body fluids (i.e. serum, plasma, saliva, urine). This review will highlight recent findings in the regulation of miRNA biogenesis and secretion, modulation of the cardiovascular pathological process in CAD and AMI and the potential as non-invasive biomarkers for cardiac ischemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adipose tissue secretes a number of cytokines, referred to as adipokines. Intensive studies conducted over the last two decades showed that adipokines exert broad effects on cardiac metabolism and function. In addition, the available data strongly suggests that these cytokines play an important role in development of cardiovascular diseases. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) has special properties that distinguish it from other deposits of visceral fat. Overall, there appears to be a close functional and anatomic relationship between the EAT and the cardiac muscle. They share the same coronary blood supply, and there is no structure separating the adipose tissue from the myocardium or coronary arteries. The role of EAT in cardiac physiology remains unclear. Its putative functions include buffering coronary arteries against the torsion induced by the arterial pulse wave and cardiac contraction, regulating fatty acid homeostasis in the coronary microcirculation, thermogenesis, and neuroprotection of the cardiac autonomic ganglia and nerves. Obesity (particularly the abdominal phenotype) leads to elevated EAT content, and the available data suggests that high amount of this fat depot is associated with increased risk of ischemic heart disease, cardiac hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction. The mass of EAT is small compared to other fat deposits in the body. Nevertheless, its close anatomic relationship to the heart suggests that this organ is highly exposed to EAT-derived adipokines which makes this tissue a very promising area of research. In this paper we review the current knowledge on the role of EAT in cardiac physiology and development of heart disease [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New data and guidelines on menopausal hormone therapy have become available since the publication of the Women's Health Initiative study. This article is aimed to update information regarding the recommendations for the administration route and benefit-risk profile of menopausal hormone therapy. The clinical guidelines generally do not recommend any particular route as better than the others. Available data show that use of transdermal estradiol and micronized progesterone may reduce the risk of venous thromboembolism, breast cancer, stroke, and coronary heart disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psychiatria Polska is the property of Editorial Committee of Polish Psychiatric Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We present a rare case of double diagnosis of coronary artery disease and left ventricle non-compaction (LVNC) treated successfully with coronary artery bypass graft operation on the basis of viability assessment by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). A 71-year-old patient with a history of previous myocardial infarction of the inferior wall was admitted to our centre with pulmonary oedema following worsening symptoms of heart failure over the previous several days. Echocardiography revealed widely spread regional wall motion abnormalities with decreased left ventricular global function and hypertrabeculations of the inferior and posterior wall suggesting left ventricular non-compaction. Cardiac magnetic resonance confirmed the diagnosis of LVNC and demonstrated preserved viability of all myocardial segments. The patient underwent a successful coronary artery bypass graft operation. In the followup CMR study an improvement in left ventricular systolic function with sustained hypertrabeculation of the myocardium was reported. With the improvement of imaging techniques we are seeing even more cases of LVNC in clinical practice while the ultimate diagnostic criteria have not been established and its management remains a controversy. In the presented case of a 71-year-old man the patient improved greatly after revascularization. The morphology and viability of the myocardium were assessed accurately with CMR, which is a powerful diagnostic tool increasingly often used for everyday clinical decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Endothelial injury, activation and dysfunction play an important role in atherosclerosis progression and development of cardiovascular disease. Aim: To evaluate biochemical markers assessing the vascular endothelium state in patients with coronary artery disease. Material and methods: We examined 57 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD): 27 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and 30 patients with stable angina pectoris (SA). The control group comprised 23 patients without symptoms of CAD. The concentration of von Willebrand factor (vWF), thrombomodulin (sTM), endothelin-1 (ET-1), and adhesion molecules (soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1)) was analysed in plasma or serum. Results: A significant increase in vWF, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1 and ET-1 concentrations was found in AMI compared to the control group. Increased vWF and sICAM-1 concentrations were found in SA compared to the control group. The AMI group was characterized by significantly higher vWF concentration than the SA group. Thrombomodulin concentration did not differ significantly between any patient groups and the control group. There was a positive correlation between vWF concentration and sVCAM-1 and sTM concentrations, and an inverse correlation between ET-1 and sICAM-1 concentrations in AMI. A sICAM-1 correlated positively with sVCAM-1 concentration in SA. Conclusions: von Willebrand factor is more useful than sTM, endothelin-1, and cell adhesion molecules sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1 to assess endothelium state in patients with CAD. The increase in plasma vWF concentration confirms endothelial injury and/or activation in CAD and indicates a greater severity of these disorders in AMI than in SA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Polish Journal of Sports Medicine / Medycyna Sportowa is the property of Agencja Wydawnicza Medsportpress Sp. z o. o. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Physiotherapy / Fizjoterapia is the property of Physiotherapy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of European Journal of Translational & Clinical Medicine is the property of Medical University of Gdansk and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Exclusion of the ischemic heart disease is the first step in a differential diagnosis of chest pain. About 30% of patients hospitalized at the cardiological care units with suspicion of myocardial infarction have negative results of coronarography. Esophageal disorders are the most frequent causes of noncardiac chest pain. Additionally, esophageal disorders may induce chest pain by the cardioesophageal reflex. Gastroesophageal reflux, like Bernstein test, may induce angina pectoris resulting from vasoconstriction of coronary microcirculation, and cardiac arrhythmia. Abnormal vagovagal reflexes seem to play a crucial role in these disturbances. On the other hand, products of anoxygenic metabolism of cardiomyocytes due to coronary hypoperfusion may induce relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter impairing one of the main antireflux mechanisms and leading to a vicious circle of events. Many medications used in the treatment for ischemic heart disease and arterial hypertension, as well as esophageal motility disorders, like nitrates and calcium channel blockers, have similar influence on the lower esophageal sphincter tension. Proper therapy of gastro-esophageal reflux disease and specific esophageal motility disorders may strongly affect the natural course of ischemic heart disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a case of 49-year-old female patient with no previous history of coronary artery disease, which was admitted to Bieganski Hospital of Łódź with diagnosis of NSTEMI from a public hospital. On admission, the patient gave history of 18 hours of retrosternal pain. Elevated troponin I level was noted. Pharmacological treatment administered in public hospital resulted in regression of ailments. In ECG transitory ST segment elevation in aVR and III lead and ST segment depression in other leads was observed. These ECG changes disappeared with retrosternal pain retreat. Cardiologic diagnostic did not indicated necessity of urgent coronary angiography. Cardiovascular risk stratification methods like GRACE, SCORE, DTI and TIMI have been used. Coronary angiography revealed distal stenosis of left main trunk (LMT), stenosis of left anterior descending artery (LAD) and left circumflexing artery (LCx). The patient was consulted by a cardiac surgeon and CABG was recommended. The patient was operated in Cardiochirurgical Center of Łódź. We would like to discus the problem of proper interpretation of ST segment changes in aVR lead of a resting ECG and estimation of risk factors when urgent invasive cardiologic diagnostic is under consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiovascular disease which develops on the basis of atherosclerosis is the main cause of mortality and morbidity in adults and is a huge financial burden. The very beginning of dyslipidemia modern therapy was discovery of fibrates and statins. Fenofibrate is a major representant of the fibrate drug class that is widely used not only in monotherapy but also in combined therapy. There are several formulations of fenofibrat, among them the modern suprabioavailable tablet, with contains 160 and 215 mg of active substance. The new formulation combines micronisation technology with a new microcoating process. Suprabioavailable tablet provides more reliable and predictable drug absorption. In comparison to other fenofibrate formulations, suprabioavailable tablet absorption is less dependent from food effect. Dissolution of tablets is much faster then other formulations. In those conditions lower dose of fenofibrate provides equivalent pharmacokinetic parameters. Clinical trials have proved, that Fenofibrate inhibits significantly progression of atherosclerosis and reduces a risk of cardiovascular events especially in diabetic patients and patients with metabolic syndrome. Suprabioavailable fenofibrate is a safety and well tolerated drug. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stable angina is one of the most often occurred disease in the present world. Many studies indicate, that there is a relationship between elevated heart rate and increased risk of cardiovascular events. The treatment of stable angina is leaning on many methods including pharmacological treatment and revascularisation treatments. One of the newest medicines applied in the treatment of coronary heart disease is ivabradine. It is a selective sinus node If channel inhibitor. Studies showed, that ivabradine reduces heart rate without affecting cardiac systolic function and function of peripheral vessels. Moreover previous studies showed that ivabradine prevents myocardial ischemia so same effectively, as beta-blockers and calcium channel blockers without their adverse side effects. At present studies are checked the possibilities of applying it patients with acute coronary syndroms, which intolerate beta-blockers and in treatment patients with hard compromised left ventricular function in association with vasoactive and inotropic agents. These clinical trials are underway, and maybe they will help to evaluate fully the therapeutic potential of If inhibition in patients with coronary artery disease and another diseasey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents some basic data on treating patients with coronary heart disease and sexual dysfunctions. It is reported the opinion of the Second Princeton Consensus Panel (2005). Erectile dysfunction may be the earliest syndrome of cardiovascular disease. Patients after myocardial infarction feel grat prejudice while returning to their sexual activity. Patients fears are an important problem for cardiologist. Discussed reports show correlation between sudden death and taking cardiological medications with PDE-5 inhibitors at the same time. Sildenafil is recommended for men with erectile dysfunction and heart dissease. PDE-5 inhibitors should not be used in combination with alpha-blockers. Patients treated with nitrates should not take sildenafil and vardenafil in 24 hours, and tadalafil in 48 hours after a nitrate. The interactions between cardiological medications and phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors are also disscused. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psychiatria Polska is the property of Editorial Committee of Polish Psychiatric Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psychiatria Polska is the property of Editorial Committee of Polish Psychiatric Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A 55-year-old female without a history of coronary artery disease, hypertensive for the past 17 years, was admitted with resting chest pain. Electrocardiography revealed a negative T-wave in anterior chest leads. Coronary angiography visualised anomalous coronary anatomy, with a common origin of the right coronary artery and the left main coronary artery in the right sinus of Valsalva serving as a common coronary trunk. It should be emphasised that T-wave abnormalities and chest angina may be related to this congenital coronary anomaly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]