1. Modified self-obtained pooled sampling to screen for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections in men who have sex with men.
- Author
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Ando N, Mizushima D, Watanabe K, Takano M, Shiojiri D, Uemura H, Aoki T, Yanagawa Y, Kikuchi Y, Oka S, and Gatanaga H
- Subjects
- Adult, Ambulatory Care Facilities, Homosexuality, Male, Humans, Japan epidemiology, Male, Middle Aged, Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques methods, Pharynx microbiology, Prospective Studies, Rectum microbiology, Sensitivity and Specificity, Urine microbiology, Chlamydia Infections diagnosis, Chlamydia trachomatis isolation & purification, Gonorrhea diagnosis, Mass Screening methods, Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolation & purification, Sexual and Gender Minorities, Specimen Handling methods
- Abstract
Objectives: To assess whether pooled sample testing with nucleic acid amplification tests was a potential alternative to three single-site sample testing to screen for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections in asymptomatic men who have sex with men., Methods: We prospectively compared pooled sample testing with single-site sample testing in asymptomatic MSM. Self-obtained paired rectal samples, one gargle sample and one first-void urine sample were collected from participants to generate two sets of samples: one for pooled sample testing and the other for single-site testing. We used modified pooled sampling, which is defined as the use of gargle samples, instead of swabs, for the pooled sample to test for pharyngeal infection., Results: This study included 513 MSM. The positive rates of C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae were 20.3% and 11.7%, respectively, for single-site sample testing. Compared with the sensitivity of single-site testing as the gold standard, the sensitivities of pooled sample testing for C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae were 94.2% (95% CI 88.0% to 97.3%) and 98.3% (95% CI 90.9% to 99.9%), respectively. The concordance rate and kappa coefficient were 98.3% (95% CI 96.7% to 99.2%) and 0.945 (95% CI 0.859 to 1.000), respectively, for C. trachomatis and 98.8% (95% CI 90.1% to 100%) and 0.943 (95% CI 0.857 to 1.000), respectively, for N. gonorrhoeae ., Conclusions: The modified pooled sampling had a comparably high consistency with single-site sample testing. The results strongly suggest that the gargle sample is suitable as a part of pooled sample for STI screening of C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae ., Competing Interests: Competing interests: SO has received research grants/materials from Gilead Sciences, MSD KK, CSL Behring and ViiV Healthcare, Co., and has received honorarium for lectures from MSD KK, Gilead Sciences, ViiV Healthcare and Janssen Pharmaceutical, KK., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
- Published
- 2021
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