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Antibacterial, durable and smart cotton fabrics was developed using chitosan-based formulation. The cellulose was covalently cross-linked with chitosan using TEOF. The antibacterial activity of prepared smart fabrics and CS was studied against S. aureus and E. coli strains. The FTIR, SEM and XRD were employed to confirm the linkage of CS molecules with cellulose in cotton fabrics. The CS of 160 KDa extracted from shrimp shell showed the optimum antibacterial activity. The prominent asymmetric, symmetric alkyl CH peaks of CS were shifted to 2930 and 2845 (cm -1 ), respectively. Moreover, the shifted peaks at 1590 and 1400 (cm -1 ) indicate the CO stretching and NH 2 bending bands of CS, respectively. This confirm the existence of new imine functional group that was generated after cross-linking of NH 2 groups of CS. The SEM results showed more uniform morphology of TEOF cross-linked fabrics versus CS coated fabrics, which revealed a promising microbial growth inhibition activity. The TEOF as a cross-linker has been unveiled, showcasing the effectiveness of this innovative crosslinking approach. The fabric treated with cross-linked CS exhibited remarkable antibacterial properties that endured even after undergoing 30 washing cycles. These antibacterial textiles possess substantial commercial potential across a diverse range of industries., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

A series of chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol)/guar gum (CS/PVA/GG) blends were prepared. The synthesis was carried out using different combinations of CS and GG, while keeping PVA constant by casting solution method. The effect of formaldehyde as a crosslinking agent was also evaluated. The blends were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infra-red (FTIR) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). Additionally, the swelling ratio along with antimicrobial activity was also studied. SEM exhibited the phenomenon that surface morphology was mostly affected by blend ratios and cross-linker. The XRD shows the crystalline structure of blends. The FTIR confirmed the strong intermolecular bonding between polymers. Swelling exhibits that cross-linking affects the hydrophilicity of blends and swelling was excellent for S4 blend. The prepared blends showed promising antimicrobial activity against P. multocida, S. aureus, E. coli, and B. subtilis bacterial agents. The data concludes that GG, CS and PVA ternary blends could possibly be used for the biomedical applications., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Biopolymers have paramount importance in pharmaceutical applications and blended biopolymers have shown promising properties versus individual counterparts. In view of excellent performance of blended biopolymers, a novel series of blended membranes based on chitosan, guar gum and polyvinyl alcohol (CS/GG/PVA) were prepared by solution casting technique. The membranes were synthesized at different ratios of GG and CS, while keeping PVA constant. The surface morphology, structure, interaction of polymers and water absorbing capacity were determined with scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and swelling properties. FTIR exhibited intermolecular bonding between the biopolymers used for membranes preparation. SEM analysis revealed that the surface morphology depends upon the various ratios of polymers. The swelling pattern has shown that the prepared membranes were hydrophilic in nature. Results revealed that the chitosan and guar gum based ternary blends with polyvinyl alcohol have potential for controlled drug release., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

This study focusses on antibacterial properties and wound healing potential of curcumin cross-linked with chitosan-PVA membranes. The crude curcumin was extracted from the rhizome of (Curcumin longa) and chitosan-PVA 80 was also prepared separately. The synergistic potential 10, 20 and 30 mg of curcumin alone and in combination with chitosan-PVA was determined. The antibacterial, scavenging potential of free radical, total phenolic and total flavonoids contents were documented through spectrophotometric methods. Finally, the wound healing potential was tested on experimental animal (rabbits). Rabbits were divided into different groups; untreated (control), treated with 10, 20 and 30 mg of curcumin and its combination with chitosan-PVA80. Chitosan-PVA exhibited significant antibacterial property against bacterial pathogens. Wound healing trials on 2nd degree burns showed chitosan as substantial wound healing agent for wound bandages. Results have shown that chitosan wound gauzes augmented the granule and fibrous connective tissues formation., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

F: C20H20ClN3O max = 610 nm ht 1.5 Adsorption capacities of modified CS For adsorption, the adsorbent having high sorption ability, cost effective, biodegradability, eco-benign and recyclable is preferred and in this regard, various adsorbents have been prepared and employed in dye adsorption [[24]], [[62]], [[63]], [[64]], [[65]], [[66]], [[67]], [[68]]. FT-IR characterized the adsorbent before and after adsorption of dyes on the surface of adsorbent, which give the information about the involvement of functional groups and the interaction of these group dyes during adsorption [[5]], [[123]], [[124]], [[125]], [[126]], [[127]], [[128]]. The adsorption of CV dye has also been performed using modified CS and promising efficiency was reported for the removal of this dye i.e., CS, glutamic acid and Fe SB 3 sb O SB 4 sb NPs was fabricated for CV dye adsorption. The adsorption of MO dye has also been performed using modified CS and promising efficiency was reported for the removal of this dye i.e., heulandite (HE), nano-magnetite (NMT) and crosslinked CS was used for the adsorption of MO dye at CS:HE:NMT ratio of 1:1:0.33. Keywords: adsorption; biopolymers; equilibrium; kinetics; modified chitosan; thermodynamics EN adsorption biopolymers equilibrium kinetics modified chitosan thermodynamics 1499 1538 40 01/27/22 20211101 NES 211101 1 Introduction The chitin biopolymer was first discovered in mushrooms and to date, the biopolymers and their composites have been utilized as an adsorbent due to higher sorption ability, low cost, biodegradable in nature, eco-benign and efficacy [[1]], [[2]], [[3]], [[4]], [[5]]. [Extracted from the article]

The chitosan (CS), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), hydroxyapatite (HAp and Lemon grass oil (LGO) based scaffolds was prepared by freeze gelation method. The composite formation was confirmed by FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) analysis and surface morphology was evaluated by SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) analysis. The mechanical strength, biodegradation, swelling, porosity and antibacterial activity were evaluated on the basis of LGO contents. The scaffold structure was porous and the mechanical strength was enhanced as a function of LGO contents. The scaffold properties analysis revealed the biodegradation nature and swelling behavior of CS-HPMC-HAp-LGO was also affected significantly as a function of LGO contents. The cytotoxicity of CS-HPMC-HAp-LGO was studied against MC3T3-E1 cells and based on cell viability, no toxic sign was observed. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against S. aureus and CS-HPMC-HAp-LGO scaffolds showed promising activity, which was varied as a function of LGO contents. The findings revealed that the CS-HPMC-HAp-LGO are biocompatible and have potential for bone tissue engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focusses on the synthesis of a series of semisynthetic polymeric blended membranes based on chitosan, guar gum and polyvinyl alcohol for the sustained delivery of antibacterial drugs" with "A series of semisynthetic polymeric blended membranes based on GG (guar gum), CS (chitosan) and PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) was fabricated for the sustained delivery of antibacterial drugs. The drug employed in this study includes amoxicillin and doxycycline hyclate. Different ratios of chitosan CS and GG were blended with constant ratio of PVA to synthesize membranes using solution casting method. Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) study showed the blend formation, surface morphology and crystalline nature of polymeric membranes respectively. Successful bonding among the ingredients was confirmed by crystalline peak of CS cellulose at 22.6˚. Swelling test was used to analyze the water absorbing capacity of the membranes, indicating the hydrophilic nature, making these membranes more liable for drug release application. Results revealed that 25 mg was the ideal amount of drug loaded on blended membrane. Antimicrobial activity was promising against selected bacterial strains and cytotoxicity assay showed that the polymeric membranes have great potential for biomedical field. The membrane (B-2) was considered best amongst all based on the composition and ratio 3:1 of CS to GG, demonstrated good binding between constituents. These membranes can be employed for sustainable drug delivery process due to good swelling, antimicrobial and absorption characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since ancient times, medicinal plants have been used as traditional medicine to treat a variety of ailments. Aloe vera (AV) gel's therapeutic potential is one of the most effective approach in the fabrication of functional materials. The current study aimed to prepare the AV and chitosan (CS) membranes using various cross-linkers that were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Visible) techniques, as well as swelling ratio and antimicrobial studies. SEM analysis revealed that the membrane is porous, with interconnected pores. The inclusion of AV contents in the membrane improved thermal stability and crystallinity. The swelling ratio of the ACPG-3 membrane with a 2:1 CS to AV ratio was 366%. The membranes showed promising antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Pasteurella multocida strains. The findings revealed that polymeric CS/AV membranes have effective potential for use in the biomedical field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Chitosan-cellulose composite was prepared for adsorptive removal of reactive dyes. • Up to 97.16 % dye removal was achieved at optimum conditions of process variables. • The experimental data was computed with DFT analysis. • The have promising efficiency for the removal of dyes from the effluents. The chitosan-cellulose composite was prepared and employed for the adsorptive removal of Reactive Red 195 (RR195) and Reactive Red 2 (RR2) dyes. The cellulose was extracted from bagasse and then, chitosan composite was prepared by solution casting method. The adsorption dependent parameters were optimized, i.e., pH, dyes initial concentration, temperature and reaction time. At room temperature, the dyes adsorption efficiencies were 71.5 % and 97.16 % for RR2 and RR195 at pH 4 and 2, respectively. Point of zero charge found to be at 6 pH for the composite. Both dyes adsorptions data followed pseudo second order kinetics model. The RR195 dye adsorption was best explained by Langmuir isotherm model and in case of RR2 dye, the Freundlich isotherm fitted well. The characterization of the prepared composite was performed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic analysis. In Density Functional Theory (DFT) studies, the LUMO, total energy (HF) and adsorption energies (E ads) were found to be −3.73 eV, −8413.210HF and −25.46Kcal, respectively in case of RR195 dye, while these values were −3.67 eV, −5859.036 HF, −20.69Kcal for RR2, which revealed that RR195 has the higher electron-accepting ability and reactive toward chitosan-cellulose composite. The findings revealed that the chitosan-cellulose composite have promising adsorptive efficiency and could be employed for the removal of dyes from effluents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]