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China does not have a unified and consistent ethical understanding. Ethics have to be mostly conceived and applied in personal terms. At the negotiation table, parties bring their own moral principles and values from their cultural background, education, and experience. Justice principles anchored in Chinese moral philosophy clearly take precedence over legal justice principles. For a Chinese negotiator, striking a deal is a process of balancing between two contradictory sets of values: Confucius' notions of rightness, and those of modern distributive (and procedural) justice. Now, distributive justice implies a whole range of criteria, such as rewards according to efforts, merits, and contribution, as well as need. Equality is still not on the Chinese justice agenda. Fairness has to find its own way between guanxi requirements, traditional nepotism, the influence of symbols, propitious numbers, references to ancestors, feng shui, and astrology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The changes in T regulatory cell (Treg) and T helper cell (Th) 17 ratios holds paramount importance in ensuring internal homeostasis and disease progression. Recently, novel subsets of Treg and Th17, namely IL-17-producing Treg and IL-10-producing Th17 have been identified. IL-17-producing Treg and IL-10-producing Th17 are widely considered as the intermediates during Treg/Th17 transformation. These "bi-functional" cells exhibit plasticity and have been demonstrated with important roles in multiple physiological functions and disease processes. Yin and Yang represent opposing aspects of phenomena according to the ancient Chinese philosophy "Yin-Yang" theory. Furthermore, Yin can transform into Yang, and vice versa, under specific conditions. This theory has been widely used to describe the contrasting functions of immune cells and molecules. Therefore, immune-activating populations (Th17, M1 macrophage, etc.) and immune overreaction (inflammation, autoimmunity) can be considered Yang, while immunosuppressive populations (Treg, M2 macrophage, etc.) and immunosuppression (tumor, immunodeficiency) can be considered Yin. However, another important connotation of "Yin-Yang" theory, the conversion between Yin and Yang, has been rarely documented in immune studies. The discovery of IL-17-producing Treg and IL-10-producing Th17 enriches the meaning of "Yin-Yang" theory and further promotes the relationship between ancient "Yin-Yang" theory and modern immunology. Besides, illustrating the functions of IL-17-producing Treg and IL-10-producing Th17 and mechanisms governing their differentiation provides valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying the dynamically changing statement of immune statement in health and diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epistemic akrasia describes a non-ideal situation in which an agent holds a belief like, “P, but my evidence does not support P.” It is controversial whether it is possible or rational to hold such an akratic belief. In this paper, I attempt to explain akratic beliefs in terms of an updated notion of yin and yang in Chinese philosophy. Epistemologists evaluate akratic beliefs as if they are the end of an inquiry or inference. Drawing from the updated notion of yin/yang in which yin is conceived as receptivity and yang is conceived as direct purpose (or impulsion), an akratic belief is shown to be an unstable, intermediate temporal belief state in the middle of the entire process. It is not the end result, rather, it is a transitional episode of an inquiry or inference in progress. Hence, it is the entire process to be evaluated rather than the temporal belief state in the middle of the process. Given this notion of yin/yang, an akratic belief illustrates that an agent is open-minded in the sense that she is receptive to evidence, which motivates her to proceed through further investigation. Ultimately, the socalled akratic beliefs are segments of a diachronic process of belief concatenation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China does not have a unified and consistent ethical understanding. Ethics have to be mostly conceived and applied in personal terms. At the negotiation table, parties bring their own moral principles and values from their cultural background, education, and experience. Justice principles anchored in Chinese moral philosophy clearly take precedence over legal justice principles. For a Chinese negotiator, striking a deal is a process of balancing between two contradictory sets of values: Confucius' notions of rightness, and those of modern distributive (and procedural) justice. Now, distributive justice implies a whole range of criteria, such as rewards according to efforts, merits, and contribution, as well as need. Equality is still not on the Chinese justice agenda. Fairness has to find its own way between guanxi requirements, traditional nepotism, the influence of symbols, propitious numbers, references to ancestors, feng shui, and astrology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a model of information that integrates two competing perspectives of information by emulating the Chinese philosophy of yin-yang. The model embraces the two key dimensions of information that exist harmoniously: information as (1) objective and veridical representations in the world (information as object) and (2) socially constructed interpretations that are a result of contextual influences (information as subject). We argue that these two facets of information cocreate information as a unified system and complement one another through two processes, which we denote as forming and informing. While the information literature has historically treated these objective and subjective identities of information as incompatible, we argue that they are mutually relevant and that our understanding of one actually enhances our understanding of the other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Purpose: In the face of external paradoxical requirements, the cognitive framework of managers and employees use to perceive, interpret and reconstruct information is important to ease anxiety and improve job performance. The Yin-Yang balancing of eastern philosophical thought is particularly good at explaining and predicting changes and conflict environments. For this reason, this study aims to propose the eastern construction of the paradoxical cognitive framework based on the Yin-Yang balancing theory and its antecedent framework. Design/methodology/approach: This paper contrasts the similarity and differences between Chinese and Western philosophy's thoughts on paradoxes. On this basis, the eastern construction of the paradoxical cognitive framework is proposed. Then, the paper puts forward the antecedent framework of managers' cognitive framework and employees' paradoxical cognitive framework. Findings: This paper proposes the eastern construction of the paradoxical cognitive framework includes the following three dimensions: the unity-in-diversity of paradoxical elements, the asymmetric balance of paradoxical elements and mutual transformation of paradoxical elements. In addition, this paper proposes an antecedent framework of the eastern construction of the paradoxical cognitive framework – the paradoxical requirement of organizational environment exerts a direct impact on managers' and employees' paradoxical cognitive framework; managers' paradoxical cognitive framework has a positive impact on paradoxical leadership; paradoxical leadership exerts an indirect impact on employees' paradoxical cognitive framework through the collective paradoxical cognitive framework; paradoxical leadership directly affects employees' paradoxical cognitive framework. Research limitations/implications: This paper focuses on comparing the similarities and differences of the individual paradoxical cognitive framework in Chinese and Western cultures and proposes the eastern construction of the paradoxical cognitive framework and its antecedent framework. Future research needs to further verify the theoretical framework proposed in this paper. Originality/value: This paper makes a detailed comparison of the paradox views in Chinese and Western philosophy. It is the first to propose the eastern construction of the paradoxical cognitive framework and its antecedent framework, laying a theoretical foundation for future empirical research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The birth of the theory of yin and yang is the result of a long process of reflecting and generalizing the practice of the Chinese people in ancient times. The original meaning of the theory of yin and yang was only an expression of the contrast between light and darkness. Its development has become a theory to explain the laws of nature, society and thought. In this article we will focus on clarifying the relationship of yin and yang theory on the human body through the relationships of the above, below, left and right, inside and outside, diagonal in the body position. To have a solid basis for this determination, we have conducted an evaluation at a health clinic from June 2005 to September 2022 with 2,402 people. The determination of the yin-yang relationship on the human body is conducted and recorded in a scientific and objective manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The incidence of cancer in the world has been rising in recent years. Although Western medicine has the ability to treat tumors, some Western cancer treatments cause serious and even irreversible damage to the body. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) combines the excellence of Chinese philosophy and the cumulative knowledge of thousands of years of clinical practice. TCM has incomparable advantages in the prevention and treatment of tumors. This review summarizes the epidemiological data of tumors and focuses on the pathogenesis theory of tumors. It demonstrates the advantages and shortcomings of TCM in tumor prevention and treatment. Based on our clinical experience, we put forward an optimization plan of TCM treatments of tumors and a plan for the propagation of TCM culture, which we believe will help TCM become more recognized in international medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Mandarin, the English word 'nature' translates as ' ziran ' (自然zìrán) in science, biomedicine and everyday life. At the same time, ziran indexes a second older set of meanings that make little immediate sense in English. Current in many Chinese medical practices as well as in classical Chinese philosophy, these include 'what is spontaneously so' or 'let the character of the self unfold'. In this article we explore how these two families of meaning are related by particular Taiwanese Chinese medical practitioners as they describe how they negotiate the relations between biomedicine and Chinese medicine in daily professional practice. At the same time, inspired by related logic-shifting writing in anthropology, postcolonial studies and postcolonial STS, we draw on the 'art of patterning' (辨證 biàn zhèng) to understand how ziran-nature relations are specified in those accounts. Patterning is the art of specifying the shifting arrangements and misalignments that lead to ill health. Treating this as a way of thinking about ziran-related overlaps between biomedicine and Chinese medicine, we show that patterning attends not to objects 'out there' but to appearances (象xiang, xiàng). Put into use as an STS term of art it therefore shifts the epistemological basis of inquiry because case-stories no longer reveal underlying mechanisms, but instead narrate patterned appearances. One implication of this is that any particular pattern diagnosis lies alongside a galaxy of alternatives that might be equally good to think with. Within the limits set by referential academic conventions, we thus attempt a postcolonial shi (勢)-inflected STS in this paper by resisting the use of a single analytical framework, instead setting different forms of patterning alongside one another. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper draws upon the Yin and Yang concept of Chinese philosophy within a Western context to examine coopetition, namely, the interplay between cooperation and competition. Although coopetition activities should positively affect company performance, earlier research involving this relationship has typically been linear in nature and without moderating factors. Consequently, underpinned by resource-based theory and the relational view, the purpose of this investigation is to examine the non-linear (inverted U-shaped) link between coopetition and company performance under the moderating role of competitive intensity. Design/methodology/approach: Collection of survey data involved a sample of 101 internationalising wine producers in New Zealand. Following a check of the statistical data for all major assessments of reliability and validity (together with common method variance), testing the research hypotheses and control paths took place through hierarchical regression. Furthermore, 20 semi-structured interviews helped explain the underlying mechanisms behind the quantitative results. Findings: Coopetition had a non-linear (inverted U-shaped) relationship with market performance. Surprisingly, competitive intensity yielded a negative moderation effect. The mixed methods results highlighted that firms must strike an effective balance between the paradoxical forces of cooperativeness and competitiveness across their product-market strategies. Originality/value: This investigation contributes to the existing literature by developing and testing a conceptual framework examining the nature of the relationship between coopetition activities and market performance – using non-linear (inverted U-shaped) and moderating effects. It addresses a debate between two schools-of-thought concerning the impact of competitive intensity on the coopetition paradox. Additionally, this study helps to explain the coopetition construct through the Yin and Yang concept to highlight how the paradoxical forces of cooperativeness and competitiveness can create harmful outcomes for organisations if they do not manage them effectively (across domestic and international markets). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Typical modes of reasoning in the Chinese tradition have often been described by Western thinkers as 'correlative' or 'analogical' in contrast with the supposedly rational, Western mode of reasoning. However, analogical reasoning has a prominent place in much of pre-modern writing in the West, including philosophical, medical, and theological treatises. At a glance, some readers may note a similarity between Western analogical thinking and Chinese correlative (tongbian) thinking. However, closer inspection reveals that analogies in the Western tradition and Chinese correlations had very little in common. Analogical thinking in the West often relied on deeper causal relations (as in the Hippocratic tradition) or on underlying principles of similarity (as with Plato's analogies). In contrast, Chinese tongbian thought often constructed correlative arguments based on patterns of similarity inherent in the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An understanding of the roles and representations of women in classical Chinese philosophy is here derived from central texts such as the Analects, the Lienü Zhuan, and the I Ching. We argue that the roles of women during the classical period of Chinese philosophy tended to be as part of the "inner," working domestically as a housewife and mother. This will be shown from three passages from the Analects. Women were represented as submissive and passive, as with the qualities ascribed to yin energy, and therefore as rightfully subordinate to men. However, despite representations of women in philosophy being thus at this time, there were exceptions, specific women who could take a male "outer" political role. The story of Jing Jiang from the Lienü Zhuan suggests that although women being involved in "outer" affairs were looked down on, there were still women who would be and who would occasionally get praised for doing so. This shows that it was realized, explicitly or otherwise, that women were capable of taking those roles, but also that they were not allowed to take such roles at that time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yin and yang is a concept of dualism in Chinese philosophy, describing how opposite or contrary forces may be complementary, interconnected and interdependent, and how they may give rise to each other as they interrelate with one another. In line with this, modern clinical research and business can definitely be described as yin and yang. With the increasing need for funding, researchers at a very early stage during the development of a new concept may be forced or tempted to enter the business world. Furthermore, researchers are encouraged and supported by their own universities to collaborate with possible future business partners, not only to acquire funding, but also to explore potential patenting. This collaboration between the business world and research can definitely be very fruitful and provide benefit for both parties, patients and society as a whole, but it may also introduce the risk of premature materialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the presence of an ecological concern of French poet, Paul Claudel's poetry based on the Christian faith. Topics discussed include showcasing the rules of feng-shui and yin-yang present in the Claudelian landscape; exploring the traditional Asian thoughts and contemporary ecology; and mentions the old concepts of Chinese culture.

G. E. R. Lloyd's economically persuasive study addresses the question of the universalism or relativism of rationality. Drawing careful comparisons, primarily between ancient Greek and Chinese thought, but also more widely, Lloyd introduces a range of disciplinary perspectives and specific points of focus. In doing so, he challenges his reader to think critically about their own assumptions and concepts. In particular, he asks us to consider the degree to which our own broad concepts, especially oppositions such as between rationality and irrationality, are themselves informed by their derivation from ancient Greek thought. His first chapter ('Aims and Methods') introduces his central commitments. Rationality and irrationality are not universal across societies in such a way that they can be judged by a single set of criteria. But nor are they just cultural constructs, so that the possibility of mutual intelligibility collapses. The truth lies somewhere in between, in the recognition of the heterogeneity to be identified in what is shared across cultures. Lloyd argues that ancient China is a particularly useful foil for a consideration of these questions, since it provides a perspective from beyond the reach of the Graeco-Roman legacy. His subtle middle road is further supported by his second chapter ('Rationality Reviewed'), which summarizes some influential accounts of rationality and considers the 'state of play' across a variety of disciplines, including palaeontology, child development, and psychology, all of which present evidence of continuities between societies. The next four chapters approach the question of the diversity and commonality of reason from a range of perspectives, including cosmology, metaphysics, language, epistemology, and religion. In the case of cosmology, for example, Lloyd argues that we can identify a difference between the Greeks' tendency to focus on the thing that is 'Nature', and the Chinese interest in natural phenomena and processes, absent a concept of 'Nature' itself. He is careful to note the difficulty of generalizing across all Greek or all Chinese thinkers. We can, however, identify a significantly similar belief in the two societies: that understanding the cosmos matters for the sake of the life you live as a result of that knowledge. In the case of the binary 'Seeming and Being' (as discussed in Chapter 4), Lloyd argues that the Chinese shared with the Greeks an awareness that appearances can be deceptive. However, their conception of the fundamental binary yin and yang is one of interdependence rather than sharp differentiation, such as we sometimes see in Greek thought between Being and Becoming. Throughout the volume, Lloyd argues for the need to recognize both the similarities and the differences identified as a result of careful comparative study. He ends with a recommendation for his readers to reconsider the universal applicability of certain key Western concepts, without resorting to a claim that it is impossible to recognize or communicate similarities. We must, he suggests, work from a position that demonstrates 'due recognition both of the commonalities in human cognitive capacities, and of the differences in their deployment' (96). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Chinese philosophy, yin and yang ("dark‐bright," "negative‐positive") describe how seemingly opposite or contrary forces may actually be complementary, interconnected and interdependent. This paper provides this perspective on photodynamic and photothermal therapies, with a focus on the treatment of solid tumors. The relative strengths and weaknesses of each modality, both current and emerging, are considered with respect to the underlying biophysics, the required technologies, the biological effects, their translation into clinical practice and the realized or potential clinical outcomes. For each specific clinical application, one or the other modality may be clearly preferred, or both are effectively equivalent in terms of the various scientific/technological/practical/clinical trade‐offs involved. Alternatively, a combination may the best approach. Such combined approaches may be facilitated by the use of multifunctional nanoparticles. It is important to understand the many factors that go into the selection of the optimal approach and the objective of this paper is to provide guidance on this. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to propose an alternative perspective on Zhong-Yong that is different from the notion of "Yin-Yang balancing" and apply it to understand the issue of balancing the top-down and bottom-up processes in strategy making. Design/methodology/approach: The authors adopt a "West meets East" mindset and approach to develop an alternative perspective on Zhong-Yong, and then apply this perspective to understand the issue of balancing the top-down and bottom-up processes in strategy making. There are three steps in the process of developing the alternative perspective. First, the authors argue that the essence of "Yin-Yang balancing" is a ratio-based solution to paradoxical balancing, which is in fact equivalent to Aristotle's doctrine of the mean and compatible with some western management scholars' approaches to solving paradox. Second, the authors identify a different generic solution to paradoxical balancing implicit in the western management literature. Third, the authors find in the original text of Zhong-Yong equivalent ideas to the identified different generic solution and then propose an alternative perspective on Zhong-Yong that is fundamentally different from the notion of "Yin-Yang balancing." Findings: Applied to the issue of balancing the top-down and bottom-up processes in strategy making, the new perspective on Zhong-Yong provides us with the following prescriptive insights from the life-wisdom of eastern philosophy: first, top management (e.g. Shun as the sage-king) must listen to various views and opinions also from employees and low-level managers at the bottom of the organization to be better informed about complex issues. Second, top management must analyze the diverse elements of the various views and opinions they collect and synthesize by taking the good from the bad to find smarter solutions and make decisions with better outcomes. Third, abiding by a set of (more or less) cohesive values help top managers be open and receptive to information and insights from low-level organizational members and enhancing unbiased information. Research limitations/implications: This paper is mainly a theoretical perspective. Empirical work is needed to test the prescriptions offered in this paper. Practical implications: Practitioners may learn new perspectives from ancient Chinese philosophies on how to balance. Originality/value: This paper applies a new perspective on Zhong-Yong to an important paradox in strategic management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We model syndrome differentiation as a text classification task. Accordingly, unlike most previous studies on syndrome differentiation, which use structured datasets, this study takes unstructured texts in medical records as its inputs. • We experiment with two state-of-the-art end-to-end deep learning algorithms for text classification, i.e. a classic convolutional neural network and fastText. When evaluated on a data set with 7,326 modern medical records in TCM, it's observed that these algorithms generally give rise to comparable performances. • These systems take n-grams of characters, terms, and words as their inputs. The best accuracy 92.55% comes from the system taking inputs as raw as n-grams of characters. It is implied that one can at least get a moderate system for syndrome differentiation of yin deficiency and yang deficiency even if he has no glossary or tokenizer at hand. • Both models used in this study are open source, and follow end-to-end paradigm, equiring minimal efforts on preprocessing and entirely no efforts on feature engineering, making it easy to be conducted by physicians and other medical practitioners with limited computer skills for their own studies. 8 Table 2 6 Background and Objective. Yin and Yang, two concepts adapted from classical Chinese philosophy, play a diagnostic role in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). The Yin and Yang in harmonious balance indicate health, whereas imbalances to either side indicate unhealthiness, which may result in diseases. Yin-yang disharmony is considered to be the cause of pathological changes. Syndrome differentiation of yin-yang is crucial to clinical diagnosis. It lays a foundation for subsequent medical judgments, including therapeutic methods, and formula, among many others. However, because of the complexities of the mechanisms and manifestations of disease, it is difficult to exactly point out which one, yin or yang, is disharmonious. There has been inadequate research conducted on syndrome differentiation of yin and yang from a computational perspective. In this study, we present a computational method, viz. an end-to-end syndrome differentiation of yin deficiency and yang deficiency. Methods. Unlike most previous studies on syndrome differentiation, which use structured datasets, this study takes unstructured texts in medical records as its inputs. It models syndrome differentiation as a task of text classification. This study experiments on two state-of-the-art end-to-end algorithms for text classification, i.e. a classic convolutional neural network (CNN) and fastText. These two systems take the n-grams of several types of tokens as their inputs, including characters, terms, and words. Results. When evaluated on a data set with 7326 modern medical records in TCM, it is observed that CNN and fastText generally give rise to comparable performances. The best accuracy rate of 92.55% comes from the system taking inputs as raw as n-grams of characters. It implies that one can build at least a moderate system for the differentiation of yin deficiency and yang deficiency even if he has no glossary or tokenizer at hand. Conclusions. This study has demonstrated the feasibility of using end-to-end text classification algorithms to differentiate yin deficiency and yang deficiency on unstructured medical records. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to comment on Peter Ping Li’s understanding of Zhong-Yong balancing, presented in his article titled “Global implications of the indigenous epistemological system from the East: How to apply Yin-Yang balancing to paradox management.” Seeing his understanding of Zhong-Yong balancing being incorrect and incomplete, the author proposes an alternative perspective on Zhong-Yong as dynamic balancing between Yin-Yang opposites.Design/methodology/approach The author first explain why Peter P. Li’s “asymmetry” and “superiority” arguments are flawed by referring to the original text of the classical book of Zhong-Yong (中庸) and a comparison between Zhong-Yong and Aristotle’s doctrine of the mean. The author then propose an alternative approach to Zhong-Yong balancing that is embedded in the original text Zhong-Yong but somehow has been neglected by many Chinese scholars. The author concludes the commentary by unifying the two alternative approaches to Zhong-Yong balancing under the inclusion-selection-promotion-transition (ISPT) framework of Zhong-Yong balancing.Findings There are three main findings. First, as the original text of Zhong-Yong does not prescribe asymmetry, Peter P. Li’s notion of “Yin-Yang balancing” is ironically unbalanced or anti-Zhong-Yong due to his emphasis on asymmetry to the exclusion of symmetry. Second, due to the equivalency between Zhong-Yong and Aristotle’s doctrine of the mean, Peter P. Li’s assertion that “Yin-Yang balancing” is superior as a solution to paradox management is flawed. Third, his “Yin-Yang balancing” solution is only (the less sophisticated) one of two alternative approaches to Zhong-Yong balancing, i.e., ratio-based combination of Yin-Yang opposites. What Peter P. Li and many other Chinese have neglected is another approach to Zhong-Yong that is embedded in the original text of Zhong-Yong, which I call “analysis plus synthesis.”Research limitations/implications As it is a commentary there are no specific limitations except for what can be covered in the space available.Practical implications The “analysis plus synthesis” approach to Zhong-Yong can be adopted by practitioners who are demanded to balance between opposite forces in daily life and work.Social implications The rejection of the “Yin-Yang balancing being superior” assertion facilitates reduction of friction and non-cooperation between intellectual traditions.Originality/value This commentary contributes to the “West meets East” discourse by debunking Peter P. Li’s assertion that Yin-Yang balancing is superior as a solution to paradox management and his prescription that balancing between Yin-Yang opposites must be asymmetric. It also contributes to the Chinese indigenous management research by identifying a largely neglected approach to Zhong-Yong balancing (i.e. “analysis plus synthesis”) that is alternative to the commonly understood ratio-based combination approach (e.g. “Yin-Yang balancing”). In addition, it contributes to the management literature by proposing the ISPT framework of Zhong-Yong balancing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The East Asian notion of a heart-mind (Chinese xin 心, Japanese kokoro こころ, and Korean maum 마음) is arguably more accurate to our psychology than the Western term 'mind' and its equivalents are: the latter term implies the possibility of psychological functioning in the absence of all emotion, and it can be shown that that is impossible. But then it turns out that we can update the traditional Chinese notions of yin 陰 and yang 陽 in such a way as to help us philosophically explain how our functioning psychology involves emotion and why any possible psychology has to rest on such a basis. Yin-yang is the essence of heart-mind, and heart-mind is essential to any functioning psychology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies.Design/methodology/approach This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context.Findings The increasingly globalized nature of the business environment demands that firms incorporate cultural awareness into their strategies. Traditional Chinese Yin-Yang harmony offers an alternative approach to identifying the strategic positions which could be the most suitable for particular organization types.Originality/value The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the yin-yang principle according to ethics and philosophy Professor Michael Slote. Topics discussed include integration of Chinese with Western philosophy, Slote's use of the neo-Confucian philosopher Zhou Dunyi's view to clarify the meaning of the yin-yang principle, and the many natural dualities symbolized by the yin-yang duality.

Yin and Yang are important concepts in ancient Chinese philosophy. Western scholars have become more familiar with these two concepts recently, but for a long time almost no one considered comparing them with their own tradition such as the ancient Greek philosophy, and especially with the ideas of the Hot and the Cold in Presocratic philosophy. In this paper, I make an attempt to do exactly that, and especially make a detailed comparison between the thoughts of two ancient thinkers: Laozi and Anaximander. I discuss the thought of Yin and Yang in Laozi—who was the earliest philosopher making use of the concepts Yin and Yang—to express his cosmological thought in ancient Chinese philosophy. Comparatively, I discuss the ideas of the Hot and the Cold in Anaximander, the earlier among Presocratic philosophers referring to the Hot and the Cold as fundamental concepts used to establish his cosmological system. Through this comparison, I indicate that the similarity between ancient Chinese and Western traditions is far more significant than what people are used to imagining. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author reflects on the debate over the trend toward the convergence or divergence of business mindsets and practices across the world. He states that global and local forces can only be framed as a mutually exclusive dualism in accordance with logic. He suggests that to fully explain the duality of unity-in-diversity as a meta-feature of our reality one need to adopt the system of yin-yang balancing.

According to the Chinese yin-yang concept, seemingly opposing forces give rise and respond to each other. Opposing forces, whether passive or active, are also at work when cells adhere to a substrate or extracellular matrix, sense environmental properties, and finally respond to them. In this review, we describe molecular elements inside and outside of the cell that establish labile physical connections, and how forces regulate their interplay, namely formation, reinforcement, breakage, and reconfiguration of these elements. What a cell locally feels thus depends not only on the displacement of materials, but also on the stability of molecular interactions, on the conversion of mechanical forces to biochemical signals by stretching proteins into structural intermediates (mechano-chemical signal conversion), and on the micro- and nanoscopic features of the extracellular material. Current methodologies for quantifying forces in the cellular context at different length scales are also critically assessed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the Chinese philosophy, Yin is the decreasing, negative, historical or feminine principle in nature, while Yang is the increasing, positive, contemporary or masculine principle in nature. Yin and Yang are two fundamental opposites in Chinese philosophy. Since the discrete Hénon map system is an invertible map, Yin–Yang T-S fuzzy model of chaotic Hénon map systems with increasing and decreasing argument can be studied. The Yang T-S fuzzy model of chaotic Hénon map system is presented. The Yin T-S fuzzy model of chaotic Hénon map system and Yin T-S fuzzy rules are obtained by invertible matrix in linear system theory. Chaos synchronization of Yang T-S fuzzy model of Hénon map systems is achieved by parallel distributed compensation technique, and the fuzzy controller for chaos synchronization of Yin T-S fuzzy model of Hénon map systems is also obtained by invertible matrix in linear system theory. The design of the Yin fuzzy controller is fleetly obtained by the inverse of Yang fuzzy controller, the concern is the Yin chaotic system must be an inverse of the Yang chaotic system. T-S fuzzy model scheme is used in the nonlinear discrete chaotic map system, so the nonlinear discrete chaotic map system can be analyzed by linear system theory. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article speaks to contemporary women and men, who both suffer from gender issues such as disconnection, separation, oppression ... and who forever wait for a so-called "tomorrow." Through comparing process thought and Chinese philosophy, my study analyzes how process feminism synthesizes our demands for interconnection and how it alerts our narrow desires in seeking "a way out." I further challenge a fundamental weakness in this genre of Whitehead's organic multiplicity by contributing "creative harmony" of yin and yang in the Yijing cosmology. This contribution offers process feminism a humanistic "creative creativity," which avoids the oversight in Whiteheadian philosophy of organism and therefore prospects that the mutual connectivity in Chinese cosmology is "a way through" the actual practicability of both men and women, who share a common goal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Book of Change contains numerous views on family happiness. It sticks to the "norm" of family happiness, explores the "chances" to that end, and singles out the "ways" for the destination. Such a view of family happiness has had a great influence on the ethnic theories in later generations and hence provided rich spiritual resources for modern family happiness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Successful aging, though controversial, is used as an overarching conceptual framework in social gerontology. In this theory critique, the discourse of successful aging is identified as problematic with respect to four dimensions. First, successful aging is ageist in nature, and it produces a disharmony between body and mind. Second, successful aging, with the emphasis on quantifiable activities driven by the “busy ethic,” overlooks the deeper concern of quality experience. Third, the capitalist and consumerist components of successful aging are under-addressed. Fourth, successful aging is a discourse developed upon Western (specifically American) values and thus may not readily apply to other cultures. Harmonious aging, as proposed, is inspired by the Yin–Yang philosophy. Harmony refers to the balance based on differences instead of uniformity. This new discourse aims to recognize the challenges and opportunities of old age itself, ease the tension between activity and disengagement theories, heal the integrity of body and mind, and emphasize the interdependent nature of human beings. The call for the discourse shift attempts to promote intellectual exploration of what constitutes a good old age and to capture more cross-cultural diversities in the context of global aging. This theoretical endeavor is important to change the status quo of gerontology as being “data rich but theory poor,” and to contribute to cross-cultural gerontological research, education and communication. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Forcing some uneasy encounters between the universalizing feminism of Irigaray, Lacan's concept of sexuation, the communism of Badiou and Žižek, and Daoism, this article argues that feminism is not a kind of identity politics but an entirely necessary accompaniment to any radical, that is, planetary, project of emancipation. The ancient Chinese dialectic of yin-yang, however, as implicitly discernible in Irigaray, has a complementary and harmonious conception of the sexual binary. Instead, it is the more abstract and paradoxical versions of Daoist ontology that could inspire the kind of subversive universalism capable of overthrowing patriarchal world-capitalism, which is, as we know, currently as much US- as China-made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on philosophical and scientific sources to exemplify the principle of complementarity in both education and learning. It informs that a Danish physicist Niels Bohr has adopted a Chinese philosophy of Taoism that is the interplay of yin and yang tendencies to explain his principle of complementarity in physics. It also informs that the philosophical concept of a network can help in conveying the meaning of interrelated, interdependent and interconnected.

The authors discuss aspects 2008 global financial crisis in the perspective of the Chinese philosophical concept of Yin and Yang. They state that sustainable equilibrium in the global financial system will necessitate balance between healthy financial innovation and financial stability. The authors consider the changes in supply and demand balance in the local banking crisis as analogous to Ying and Yang forces changes.

This article presents the dynamic paradigm of the reality, developed by modern physics and Chinese philosophy. It shows how they lead us to give a new meaning to our habitual vision of the world as a solid, static, determined, and relatively constant reality of isolated entities and embrace a new and seemingly frightening but in fact truthful, liberating, and inspiring understanding and perception of our world as a fluid, dynamic, synchronistic, and changeable reality of interconnected processes which are constantly interacting and exchanging energy and information with each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Before the official introduction of Daoism in the state of Koguryo in the 7th century, a series of Daoist elements have pervaded Koguryŏ culture and were integrated in the native system of beliefs. Tomb murals from the time indicate that afterlife was regarded as a second, eternal life, and therefore the world represented in the paintings had to be complete and self-sufficient. A special emphasis was placed on the spiritual realm, and the sky was made present inside the tomb through vivid representations of the Sun, the Moon, Five Directional Deities, flying Immortals, and asterisms. These reflect that the yin-yang theory and the Five Elements Theory, so influential in Chinese Daoism, were familiar to the Koguryo people. Also, tomb murals point to the fact that certain forms of star worship were practiced and the Daoist view of the main constellations was circulating in the Korean kingdom. Additional arguments in favor of solar and lunar worship being popular in Koguryo are drawn from different versions of the foundational myth of the state, the myth of Chumong. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chinese-American choreographer Shen Wei recontextualizes his dancers as visual artists in his piece, Connect Transfer. This paper explores the various versions of this choreographic work as representations of Chinese philosophy, particularly the concepts of qi, wuwei, and yin-yang, through an investigation of the unique movement vocabulary and aesthetic created by the dancers' role as calligraphers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paralleling with the contribution of Western systems thinking to the development of modern Chinese system theory, the authors notice that the concept of yin- yang is scattered in many social science researches in the West. However, those researches were still not rich enough to yield insights into the core value of yin- yang and, in turn, there is seemly no one unified guiding law or principle which governs both its theoretical and empirical applications. In this study, axiom system of the Yin-Yang-based system has been proposed and elaborated through the comparisons of systematic thinking between East and West. After incorporating the concept of causal chains, it can also be used to work as quantitative tool for business decision analysis in management practices. The aim of this study is to bridge the contemporary systematic thinking gap between East and West and to provide a complement to aid in further development of system theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An essay is presented on the philosophy of change from the Yijing and its Confucian Commentary in the Yi, and the contributions of Confucius and Laozi. It states that yi, or righteousness, is the principle of preserving the order of existence and has the quality of yin, or light. Furthermore, Yijing described guan as the way of looking at all things and the world in a way that allows one to view things as a whole and belonging to a whole.

In this scholarly note, Masaki Mori shows how yin-yang is a latent structural basis of Kawabata Yasunari's (1899-1972) Yukiguni (Snow Country), published between 1935 and 1947, thereby ascertaining the novelist's Asian affiliation in a broad sense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The opposite pairs constitute the foundation of humanity culture. This mythic mental model seems to be an original transcultural mechanism that in China was personified in yin and yang. Such original opposed energies form a complex network of symmetries which gives rise to the evolution and dynamics of all natural phenomena. Binary oppositions are the foundation of the mythic-symbolic classifications which objectivice in correlations of the space-temporal cosmic continuous, like Heaven-Earth, Day-Night or Sun-Moon. In mythical terms, Yin and yang symbolize the union of the pair goddess-god. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on Lee's prior research on Daoism (Lee, 2003; Lee, 2004; Lee, Han, Byron and Fan, 2008; Lee and Hu, 1993; Lee, Norasakkunkit, Liu, Zhang and Zhou, 2008), this article first introduces Laozi, Dao, De and Daoism in relation to harmony. Then, Daoist harmony is elaborated in the following areas: (1) the yin-yang oneness, (2) the way it is (natural), (3) wei-wu-wei (or nonintervention), (4) water-like characteristics, (5) love for peace, and (6) tolerance and appreciation of differences. The article concludes with a suggestion for harmony with the external world as well as with fellow human beings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reflects on important terms and concepts that constitute the cosmology of the Yijing: ji, tian, yin-yang, and the correlative aspects of temporality. These are familiar terms from the Yijing as well as other philosophical texts from ancient China. It begins with a comparative inquiry into Chinese and Greek attitudes toward time and then explores the related philosophical consequences. Although the ancient Chinese view of the world as temporal, processual, and relational may be found to be in contrast with Greek substance-oriented philosophy, it is argued here that we should revise some commonly accepted interpretations of Chinese terms. Without adequate reflection on temporality and process, many important terms may be misconstrued as atemporal and substance-oriented, which would be alien to the sensibilities of East Asian traditions. Thus, it is attempted here to gauge the adequacy of the prominent existing interpretations of these terms and ideas while giving an account of how such interpretations may be revised to better recognize the role of temporality and process. Specifically, it is proposed that the interpretations given here accord best with a conception of time as a spiral trajectory, as opposed to either the cyclic or linear conceptions of time usually considered dominant in the Yijing and ancient Chinese philosophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yin-yang interplay characterizes the "chi theory of communication," a newly emerged communication paradigm developed from a Chinese philosophy. Yin and yang themselves not only constitute dialectics but also contain very rich implications. This essay first introduces the chi theory of communication and compares them with some scientific and philosophical principles to facilitate the understanding of the theory. The article then proposes six assumptions, based on which six exemplary dialectics in organizations are discussed. Three theoretical implications are drawn from the discussion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chi (qi) concept, originated from ancient China, typifies dialectics with the yin and yang bipolar. It has been employed to develop a communication theory in general and applied to studies of various communication contexts in particular. However, there have been a number of philosophical schools of chi theory, some of which are mystical or overly moral value laden. The different schools can easily confuse those who intend to seek a philosophical grounding for the chi theory of communication. This paper explains why the "naturalistic chi-based philosophy," as opposed to the "Holy chi-based philosophy," is the philosophical paradigm which best interfaces with modern social science and communication theory. This assertion will be argued from three properties of chi: 1) the universality of the yin-yang dialectics in various behaviors and phenomena, 2) the fundamental dialectic structure of communication, and 3) the implicit goal toward harmony in communication contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]