1,372 results
Search Results
2. Sinews of Paper: Public Debt and Chinese Political Economy, 1850 – 1914
- Author
-
Yan, Dong
- Subjects
History ,Economic history ,Asian history ,Chinese History ,History of Economic Ideas ,Political Economy ,Public Debt ,Public Finance ,Qing History - Abstract
This dissertation offers a new narrative on the history of public debt in late Qing and Republican-era China (1850 – 1914), highlighting its links with late Qing and Republican political economy. A history of economic ideas and institutions, the dissertation draws from official and diplomatic communications, contemporary newspapers and journals, academic studies and private letters to explore the process of its embedment into Chinese fiscal system and its evolution in China as a set of discourses and practice, including its reception by officials, merchants and general public, and its adjustment to established discourses of political economy in late Qing and Republican China.Adopting an expansive conception of public debt to include related public credit mechanisms and discourses, the dissertation traces the impact of pre-1850 official debates on late 19th Century Chinese officials’ ambivalence towards modern public debt. It argues that a domestic intellectual and policy reorientation in favour of growth was needed and mostly achieved before Qing’s military defeat in 1895, paving the way for large-scale borrowing that in turn reconfigured state-society relations in late Qing. The dissertation also investigates how mid-Victorian liberal discourses on public debt were co-opted by Chinese reformists, which in their modified form of political and fiscal accountability, proved to be effective in dominating late Qing and Republican discourses on public debt.This dissertation is one of the first English-language studies discussing the evolution of economic ideas surrounding Chinese public debt. Recounting China’s historical experiences with public debt, and discourses on political economy that resulted from these experiences would promote a more layered understanding of public debt’s role for peripheral economies in the late 19th and 20th Century.
- Published
- 2019
3. The Rise of Printing in Medieval East Asia, c. 700–1500
- Author
-
Hansen, Valerie
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Inner Asian Words for Paper and Silk.
- Author
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NORMAN, JERRY
- Subjects
- *
ETYMOLOGY , *PAPER , *SILK , *COGNATE words , *ASIAN languages ,CHINESE history - Abstract
This paper attempts to show that the Shianbei word for 'paper' was *qayγVdu, which is cognate to Written Mongolian qaγudasu 'tree bark, sheet of paper', and that *qaγVdu was subsequently borrowed into other languages as Sogdian kāγaδā, Persian kaġad, kaġid, Old Turkic qaγat/qaγaz and Turkish kâğĭd. The etymology of Greek Séres "China" is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Paper Lives of Chinese Migrants and the History of the Undocumented.
- Author
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Lew-Williams, Beth
- Subjects
UNDOCUMENTED immigrants ,CHINESE history ,CHINESE people ,HISPANIC Americans ,TWENTY-first century ,HISTORIANS ,IMMIGRANTS - Abstract
Historians know a great deal more about the laws and policies that first created unauthorized status than the people who had to live within these constraints. What if we tell the history of the undocumented as a history of a people, rather than a history of a state-constructed category? Scholars have noted that unauthorized status exerts broad effects on the conditions of migrants' everyday lives, but they have focused primarily on Latinx migrants in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. The case of unauthorized migrants produced by the Chinese exclusion laws (1882–1943) demonstrates how the study of the undocumented must begin a century earlier. In order to denaturalize the conditions of the present, we must interrogate the shifting nature of undocumented life in the past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Researchers at Institute of Botany Release New Data on Plant Biology [A Chromosome-scale Genome Assembly of Paper Mulberry (Broussonetia Papyrifera) Provides New Insights Into Its Forage and Papermaking Usage]
- Subjects
Genetic research ,Physical fitness ,Plant physiology ,Chinese history ,Genomics ,Obesity ,Genomes ,Anopheles ,Inventions ,Health - Abstract
2019 JUN 8 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week -- Researchers detail new data in Biology - Plant Biology. According to news [...]
- Published
- 2019
7. 1st LD-Writethru: Ancient paper documents unearthed in China's Xinjiang
- Subjects
Archaeology ,Chinese history ,Excavations (Archaeology) -- China ,Business, general ,General interest ,News, opinion and commentary - Abstract
URUMQI, July 15, 2020 (Xinhua via COMTEX) -- Chinese archaeologists unearthed more than 700 paper documents and wooden tablets dating back to the Tang Dynasty (618-907) in northwest China's Xinjiang [...]
- Published
- 2020
8. Ancient paper documents unearthed in China's Xinjiang
- Subjects
Archaeology ,Chinese history ,Excavations (Archaeology) -- China ,Business, general ,General interest ,News, opinion and commentary - Abstract
URUMQI, July 15, 2020 (Xinhua via COMTEX) -- Chinese archaeologists unearthed more than 700 paper documents and wooden tablets dating back to the Tang Dynasty (618-907) in northwest China's Xinjiang [...]
- Published
- 2020
9. Stone, Scissors, Paper: Thinking Through Things in Chinese History.
- Author
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Ko, Dorothy
- Subjects
- *
MATERIAL culture , *STONE , *PUNK culture ,CHINESE history - Abstract
What would Chinese history look like with things taking the center stage? Our present understanding of this history is animated primarily by literate people in pursuit of examination degrees and sons, and often filtered through such modern social science categories as culture, ethnicity, and gender. In this introduction, I put the set of five articles in the special issue in conversation with recent research to identify new analytic categories and research strategies that accord agency to things, remap the parameters of Chinese history, and ponder the new directions afforded by the study of material cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. The Guangdong-Hong Kong nexus in grassroots collective actions amid Sino-Anglo interface, 1841 to 1927
- Author
-
Wan, Kent
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. LI RUI PAPERS OPEN FOR RESEARCH
- Subjects
Chinese history ,Historians ,Libraries ,Poetry ,News, opinion and commentary - Abstract
STANFORD, Calif. -- The following information was released by the Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace: The Hoover Institution Library and Archives is pleased to announce that the papers [...]
- Published
- 2019
12. Review: A rich mystery awaits in S.J. Rozan's 'Paper Son'
- Subjects
Grocery stores ,Chinese history ,Refugees ,Food service workers ,Immigrants ,Detective fiction ,Workers ,News, opinion and commentary ,Sports and fitness - Abstract
'Paper Son' by S.J. Rozan (Pegasus Books) S.J. Rozan's affinity for little known facts about Chinese culture has fueled exciting thrillers featuring private detectives Lydia Chin and Bill Smith. Memorable [...]
- Published
- 2019
13. Xinjiang has never been 'East Turkistan': white paper
- Subjects
Chinese history ,Tribes ,Uighurs ,Business, general ,General interest ,News, opinion and commentary - Abstract
BEIJING, July 21, 2019 (Xinhua via COMTEX) -- Never in Chinese history has northwest China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region been referred to as 'East Turkistan,' and there has never been [...]
- Published
- 2019
14. A PAINTED HISTORY OF PAPER MONEY; WPU PROFESSOR'S WORK QUALIFIES FOR HIGH HONOR
- Author
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DeVencentis, Philip and Record, North Jersey
- Subjects
College faculty ,Chinese history ,General interest ,News, opinion and commentary - Abstract
Byline: Philip DeVencentis, North Jersey Record WAYNE -- The next time you swipe your debit card for a cup of coffee, think about how you might have paid for it [...]
- Published
- 2018
15. Failure Stories: Interpretations of Rejected Papers in the Late Imperial Civil Service Examinations.
- Author
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Shiuon Chu
- Subjects
- *
CIVIL service examinations , *FAILURE (Psychology) , *CIVIL service , *EXAMINERS (Education) , *EMPLOYEE selection , *COLLECTIVE action , *EMPLOYMENT tests , *HISTORY ,QING dynasty, China, 1644-1912 ,CHINESE history - Abstract
This article investigates the practice of returning marked papers to rejected candidates in late imperial Chinese examinations. The practice--common from the sixteenth century to the abolition of imperial examinations in 1905--established a sense of personal communication between examiners and examinees and was an opportunity for rejected candidates to benefit from the examination system. The failed papers returned to their authors enabled them to make sense of their performance by interpreting, when not misconstruing, examiners' comments. The examiners sometimes praised the papers and blamed the decision to fail on other examiners. As a result, most rejected candidates tended not to challenge the examiners through official channels or take collective action against the examination system. Thus, in the late imperial examination system, the ways in which rejecting decisions could be negotiated and construed were no less important than the awarding of degrees to an extremely small proportion of participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. The History of Chinese Paper-cut Animation (Zhongguo Jianzhi Donghua Shi).
- Author
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Xu Ying
- Subjects
CHINESE history - Published
- 2022
17. Song China: The First Modern Economy?
- Author
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So, Billy and So, Sufumi
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. The Classical Silk Road: Trade and Connectivity across Central Asia, 100 BCE–1200 CE
- Author
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Hansen, Valerie
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. 浅论中国造纸术起源争议的两大 观点--基于出土纸状物是否为纸 及其断代的视角
- Author
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陈彪
- Subjects
HISTORY of technology ,PAPERMAKING ,CHINESE history ,ENGINEERING ,INVENTORS - Abstract
Copyright of China Pulp & Paper is the property of China Pulp & Paper Magazines Publisher and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. HOOVER ACQUIRES THE PERSONAL PAPERS OF GENERAL BAI CHONGXI, A PROMINENT MILITARY LEADER IN REPUBLICAN CHINA
- Subjects
Chinese history ,News, opinion and commentary - Abstract
STANFORD, Calif. -- The following information was released by the Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace: Bai Chongxi (1893--1966) was born in Guilin, Guangxi Province, into a Chinese Muslim [...]
- Published
- 2017
21. De la difficulté de juger: Quelques ressourees du mode critique en Chine et au Viêt Nam (On the Difficulty of Judgment: Some Resources of Criticism in China and Vietnam), in the journal Extrême Orient, Extrême Occident: Papers on...
- Author
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Vetrov, Viatcheslav
- Subjects
- *
ESSAYS ,VIETNAMESE history ,CHINESE history - Abstract
The article reviews the collection of essays titled ''De la difficulté de juger: Quelques ressourees du mode critique en Chine et au Viêt Nam'' from the journal ''Extrême Orient, Extrême Occident: Papers on Comparative Research.''
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. "Liberating the Small Devils": Red Guard Newspapers and Radical Publics, 1966–1968.
- Author
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Volland, Nicolai
- Subjects
NEWSPAPERS ,CHINESE people ,PUBLIC sphere ,MODERN history ,CHINESE history - Abstract
Red Guard newspapers and pamphlets (wenge xiaobao) were a key source for early research on the Cultural Revolution, but they have rarely been analysed in their own right. How did these publications regard their status and function within the larger information ecosystem of the People's Republic, and what is their role in the history of the modern Chinese public sphere? This article focuses on a particular subset of Red Guard papers, namely those published by radical groups within the PRC's press and publication system. These newspapers critiqued the pre-Cultural Revolution press and reflected upon the possible futures of a new, revolutionary Chinese press. Short-lived as these experiments were, they constitute a test case to re-examine the functioning of the public in a decidedly "uncivil" polity. Ultimately, they point to the ambiguous potential of the public for both consensus and conflict, liberation and repression, which characterizes the press in 20th-century China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. An overview of the research of the Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji) in South Korea over the past forty years (1971–2010).
- Author
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Hae-sung, Je
- Subjects
OVERSEAS Chinese ,HAN dynasty, China, 202 B.C.-220 A.D. ,HISTORIANS ,EVIDENCE gaps ,CHINESE history ,TRANSMISSION of sound ,REPATRIATION - Abstract
The Shiji (史記 Records of the Grand Historian) is a pathbreaking monument of Chinese history. Its author Sima Qian 司馬遷 created a genre of biography centered around individuals that was continually used in dynastic histories from the Han dynasty onward. Sima Qian's composition of the Shiji not only respected historical facts and directly portrayed them as they occurred, but also paid attention to featuring polished language and beautiful writing. He organically integrated different styles of narrative, expressions, and reasoning and achieved a high degree of uniformity of thought and art, providing a model for later generations of literature and history. The Shiji was not only a pioneer in the genre of Chinese biographical history, but also had a far-reaching impact on later prose, fiction, and drama. It was also soon transmitted overseas and had a large effect on countries in the Chinese cultural sphere. With the introduction of the Shiji to Korea, Korean intellectuals particularly showed interest in and reverence for the work, and it was highly valued in the Korean academic world. By the mid-1960s, with the development of the national economy, all of South Korean society entered a new period of history that not only saw fundamental changes in the nation's appearance, but also saw academic and cultural affairs return to the right track, and at that time South Korean academics renewed their high degree of interest in learning about and researching Chinese academics and culture. It was on this foundation that South Korean intellectuals made great advances in translating and studying the Shiji and made positive contributions to its transmission, spread, and popularization. After briefly reviewing the transmission of the Shiji in Korea, this paper reviews the state of translation and study of the Shiji in South Korea from the nearly four decades from 1971 to 2010 and offers an objective evaluation of some shortcomings and gaps in this research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Paper and Printing.
- Author
-
Poon Ming-sun
- Subjects
HISTORY of printing ,PUBLISHING ,PAPER ,NONFICTION ,CHINESE history - Abstract
This article reviews Tsuen-hsuin Tsien's "Paper and Printing," volume 5, part 1 of the "Science and Civilisation in China" series, which traces the history of paper and printing, and their precursors, in China from the Shang through the Qing dynasties. While the work is "not flawless," because it contains a number of unedited errors, it is nevertheless an "important" work for scholars. [ABSTRACT FROM CONTRIBUTOR]
- Published
- 1987
25. Towards a global security studies: what can looking at China tell us about the concept of security?
- Author
-
Nyman, Dr Jonna
- Subjects
CONCEPTUAL history ,INTERNATIONAL security ,CHINESE history ,EUROCENTRISM - Abstract
Existing scholarship has demonstrated that theorising about security is Eurocentric. This leaves us with a partial account of the concept of security, which is presented as universal. This in turn generates explanatory problems because we are only seeing part of the picture. Yet there have been few attempts to move beyond critiques of Eurocentrism to examine the concept of security 'elsewhere'. This paper takes China as its starting point, asking: what can looking at China tell us about security? In answering this question, the paper makes two contributions. First, it presents new empirical findings, building a conceptual history of security in China. Drawing on 140 key texts dating 1926–2022, the paper traces the emergence of the concept of security in China and its evolution through three explicit security concepts. Drawing on postcolonial insights it demonstrates that these concepts are hybrid, evolving out of multiple domestic and international influences. They have similarities as well as differences with the Eurocentric concept that dominates International Security Studies (ISS) and produce a discrete approach towards security that has been overlooked in a discipline that uses 'Europe to explain Asia'. Second, considering these insights, the paper demonstrates that the universal concept of security that underpins theorising in ISS is partial and misleading. Differences in security concepts matter for theorising security and for understanding security policy. Consequently, I argue that we need to provincialize the concept of security: a truly global security studies is of necessity a provincial one attuned to difference and similarity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Evolving heritage in modern China: transforming religious sites for preservation and development.
- Author
-
Zhu, Yujie
- Subjects
RELIGIONS ,SOCIAL impact ,CULTURAL property ,CHINESE history ,SOCIAL history - Abstract
This paper explores the intricate interactions between heritage and religion in modern China, as well as the broader social and political implications of these interactions in relation to national heritage policies and local developmental practices. By conducting a longitudinal analysis of the social history of Baosheng Temple, this research traces its transformations over the past hundred years from a historically religious site to a local built heritage dedicated to preserving and displaying religious relics. This transformation highlights a shift in the role of religious relics from carriers of practice and thought to focal points for heritage preservation, aimed at supporting nation-building and, more recently, promoting local development through the tourism industry. These changes reflect continuous local responses to broader social transformations towards a modern nation-state as well as the influence of Western ideas and practices. The findings of this research illuminate the evolving values associated with religious heritage and the corresponding implications for Chinese modernity within a secular state context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. The Reasons and Roles of the Establishment of National Political Assembly (Guo Min Can Zheng Hui).
- Author
-
Li Xiang, Mansor, Suffian, and Enh, Azlizan Mat
- Subjects
SINO-Japanese War, 1937-1945 ,CHINESE history ,MODERN history ,COMMUNIST parties ,MILITARY strategy - Abstract
For nearly 80 years, the study of National Political Assembly (Guo Min Can Zheng Hui) has been a hot topic among scholars in mainland China. However there's a scarcity of deep research regarding the reasons and roles of National Political Assembly. This study aims to identify the reasons behind the establishment of National Political Assembly and to explore National Political Assembly’s role in uniting the Chinese. A qualitative research approach was employed, involving collecting primary and secondary historical materials in archives and libraries of China for literature analysis and case studies of representative events or proposals. The findings show that its establishment was related to Japan's aggression, the foreign policies of the United States, Britain, the Soviet Union and other countries, as well as the domestic anti-Japanese parties represented by the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China, and the people of all walks of life across the country. This paper concludes that in the early days of its establishment, it played a positive role in China's unity against Japan, democratic politics, and economic stability. This research is extremely valuable for studying the history of China's Second Sino-Japanese War and the Second KMT-CPC Collaboration, as well as the economic policies, political proposals, and military strategies of the Kuomintang, the Communist Party of China, and other parties involved in the Second Sino-Japanese War, as well as the history of the Communist Party of China, the Republic of China, and modern Chinese history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Study on digital protection and innovative design of Qin opera costumes.
- Author
-
Liu, Kaixuan, Gao, Yuanyuan, Zhang, Jiaqi, and Zhu, Chun
- Subjects
DESIGN protection ,OPERA ,COSTUME ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,CHINESE history - Abstract
Qin opera culture has a long history in China for thousands of years. It is the ancestor of Chinese opera. However, with the development of modern technology and the rise of new media, the protection and inheritance of traditional Qin opera culture is facing a new challenge and opportunity, its costume culture is the same. This paper analyzes the style and structure of Qin opera costumes, extracts the colors of the costumes, summarizes the costume patterns, and then uses the three-dimensional (3D) virtual visualization technology to virtually restore the Qin opera costume, and innovates the Qin opera costume. In this paper, twelve sets of traditional Qin opera costumes are virtually restored, and on this basis, the digital protection and innovative design of Qin opera series costumes are carried out, and all the restored costumes are displayed digitally in an all-round way. The combination of Qin opera costume and digital protection extends the application scope of virtual visualization technology and enriches the transmission mode of Qin opera costume. This study inherits and protects the traditional Qin opera costume culture better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Guo Xiang's Metaphysics of Being and Action: On the Importance of Xing 性.
- Author
-
D'Ambrosio, Paul Joseph
- Subjects
METAPHYSICS ,CHINESE history ,CHINESE philosophy ,GLUE - Abstract
Guo Xiang 郭象 (d. 312) holds a unique place in the history of Chinese thought. The only Zhuangzi we have access to is the version heavily edited, likely changed, and perhaps even rewritten by Guo Xiang. However, his commentary on this Daoist classic is not simply an explanation of what the Zhuangzi says, and in many ways, it is not even a development of the thought found within this text—though at times it is indeed both. Reading Guo's work reveals a complex philosophical system that critically reimagines some of the key terminologies in early Chinese thought, as well as core assumptions about what things are (being) and how they interact (action). This paper seeks to provide a sketch of Guo Xiang's metaphysical appreciation of being and action by investigating his unique understanding of the relevant terms and their interrelation. Most scholars see ziran 自然 "self-so" as the conceptual glue that holds Guo's complex system together. In this paper, I will argue that xing 性, which may be translated as "nature" or "natural dispositions" is more fundamental. In other words, without properly appreciating how Guo conceives of xing, interpretations of Guo's philosophy can easily go awry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Quantitative history studies on China: State capacity, institutions, culture and human capital from prehistoric times to the present.
- Author
-
Chen, Zhiwu and Ma, Chicheng
- Subjects
HUMAN capital ,CHINESE history ,CHINA studies ,CHRISTIAN missionaries ,QUANTITATIVE research ,ARCHAEOLOGICAL excavations - Abstract
Volumes of historical archives in China have been digitised, from which various datasets have been constructed for scholarly inquiry. Furthermore, the excavation of thousands of archaeological sites provided detailed data about prehistoric development across China's landmass. As a result, there has been remarkable progress in quantitative studies on China's past. This article reviews recent work in five theme areas to provide a background for the papers included in this special issue. These themes include state formation, Confucianism, human capital, Christian missionaries, and long‐term persistence studies. The five papers in this issue fall into these themes and are introduced where appropriate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Decheng, Beitang and Tushanwan Cloisonné Workshops: A New Contribution on Chinese Christian Art.
- Author
-
Parada López de Corselas, Manuel
- Subjects
CHRISTIAN art & symbolism ,ART history ,CHINESE history ,EVANGELICALISM ,NINETEENTH century ,JESUIT history - Abstract
Recent research has played a pivotal role in advancing our understanding of cloisonné enamel production in China during the 19th and 20th centuries. However, Christian workshops, whether operating under missionary subcontracting or owned by the Catholic Church, have yet to be accurately identified and contextualized. This article delves into three significant contexts. Firstly, it identifies and contextualizes the Christian connections and interactions of the Decheng private cloisonné workshop, involving the French Lazarist Bishop Alphonse Favier, in Beijing. Secondly, it identifies the cloisonné workshop stablished by the Lazarists in the Beitang complex in Beijing and elucidates the role it played. Finally, this paper presents new evidence concerning cloisonné Christian objects crafted by the Tushanwan Jesuit workshop in Shanghai. Some of the primary works of these three workshops are identified for the first time. Additionally, this paper shows that certain cloisonné crosses, some of them thought to be originally Japanese, including those referred to as Namban, were, in fact, crafted in Beijing during the 1920s. These preliminary results will contribute to placing Chinese Christian cloisonné within the history of Chinese Art and its interactions at a global level in the context of evangelization in China, the production of the so-called export art, and the processes of indigenization carried out by the Lazarists and the Jesuits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. CHINESE ROOM.
- Author
-
Taylor, Clare
- Subjects
WALLPAPER design ,WALLPAPER -- History ,CHINESE art ,CHINESE history - Published
- 2021
33. Culture of Social Integration: How Extractive Colonialism Promotes Contemporary Individual Income.
- Author
-
Fu, Tong, Li, Yuanyuan, and Feng, Dawei
- Subjects
SOCIAL integration ,INCOME ,IMPERIALISM ,CULTURE ,CHINESE history ,ECONOMETRICS ,ENDOGENEITY (Econometrics) - Abstract
By exploring the history of northeastern China in 1898–1911, this paper documents that extractive colonialism spurs a culture of social integration that generates a positive effect on contemporary individual income, with robustness to potential endogeneity bias. Given that the existing literature has emphasized the long-run negative economic impacts of extractive colonialism, this paper helps explain the following institutional puzzle: Why does extractive colonialism spur development in the long run? We thereby deepen understanding of colonialism and institutions from a cultural perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. 以白酒为基酒的配制酒研究现状.
- Author
-
张旭, 吕高奇, 张俊杰, 段蕊, and 马树杨
- Subjects
YOUNG consumers ,CHINESE history ,WINES ,RESEARCH & development ,CONSUMERS - Abstract
Copyright of Food & Fermentation Industries is the property of Food & Fermentation Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. 社会凝聚及其演化: 葛兰言的 历史社会学.
- Author
-
张雨欣
- Subjects
SOCIAL cohesion ,RECIPROCITY theorems ,ANCIENT history ,CHINESE history ,FRENCH history - Abstract
Copyright of Society: Chinese Journal of Sociology / Shehui is the property of Society: Chinese Journal of Sociology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
36. 沈銘彞與其收藏之懷素〈自敘帖〉 水鏡堂拓本.
- Author
-
劉宜璇
- Subjects
ELITE (Social sciences) ,QING dynasty, China, 1644-1912 ,MING dynasty, China, 1368-1644 ,STONE ,CHINESE history ,TANG dynasty, China, 618-907 ,ENGRAVING ,CALLIGRAPHY - Abstract
Copyright of National Palace Museum Research Quarterly is the property of National Palace Museum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
37. Dual Cultural Influence on the Architectural Style Evolution of San Francisco Chinatown: A Comprehensive Examination.
- Author
-
Yang, Ziyuan
- Subjects
ARCHITECTURAL style ,SOCIOCULTURAL factors ,VERNACULAR architecture ,SOCIAL history ,CHINESE literature - Abstract
The unique neighborhood style of San Francisco Chinatown is influenced by Chinese and American culture, history and social system. Through field investigation, Chinese and English literature collection, and spatial analysis, this paper interprets the motivation of its style evolution. In the process of research, the author tries to analyze the changes and driving forces of Chinatown in San Francisco from three dimensions: the city scale, the blocks scale, and the building scale. The results show that the formation process of Chinatown in San Francisco and the range of its blocks are deeply influenced by the world political pattern in the early 20th century, the Sino-American multi-party regulations and Sino-American relations. The architectural style of the block is influenced by the Eastern and Western cultures, which is a distinctive architectural feature. The traditional architecture is deeply influenced by the architectural style of southern Fujian, while the new architecture is mainly based on the modernist architectural style. Among the main factors affecting the evolution of Chinatown in San Francisco, gold rush, earthquake, traditional Chinese architectural style and immigration policy to China are the internal mechanisms of the formation of Chinatown's spatial characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. The International Plague Conference and Its Aftermath
- Author
-
Summers, William C., author
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. The Dragon Tails Conference 2022: A Window to the Landscape of Chinese Australian History and Heritage.
- Author
-
Kwok, Juanita
- Subjects
CHINESE diaspora ,CHINESE history ,AUSTRALIAN history ,AUSTRALIANS ,CHINESE people - Abstract
The article discusses the Dragon Tails 2022 Australasian conference on Chinese diaspora history and heritage, venue at the Queen Victoria Museum in Launceston, Australia. Topics discusses include the significance of Chinese Australian history in Australian history; the research on Chinese Australians' early presence in Tasmania, Australia; various research papers presented at the conference; and initiatives aimed at preserving Chinese Australian history and heritage.
- Published
- 2023
40. The Ancient Coinage of China
- Author
-
Ament, W. S.
- Published
- 1888
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Quantitative research on the degree of disorder of traditional settlements: a case study of Liangjia Village, Jingxing, Hebei Province.
- Author
-
Peng, Peng, Fu, Yating, Zhou, Xiangyun, Wu, Shaopu, Zhao, Jiajie, and Zhang, Yuechen
- Subjects
QUANTITATIVE research ,MODERNIZATION (Social science) ,VILLAGES ,CHINESE history ,BUILDING design & construction ,PROVINCES - Abstract
Traditional settlements are vital carriers of Chinese history and culture, reflecting the direct and original needs of generations. However, the modernization of settlements will inevitably disrupt the spontaneous growth patterns inherent in traditional settlements. The degree of disorder of the settlement is not only the embodiment of its form, but also the concrete manifestation of its construction intention. We use the degree of disorder in settlements to assess the construction intentions of the settlements, the results allow us to assess whether new planning aligns with the original construction logic, thereby assessing the extent of interference by modernization in traditional villages. This can provide guidance and assistance for settlement conservation and future planning. By using the Delaunay triangulation network, street polar histogram and direction entropy, and comprehensibility of settlements, this paper quantitatively analyzes the degree of disorder in the three levels of architecture, street and local environment of the settlement. Liangjia Village, the example in this research, is divided into three areas—two new and one old. degree of disorders in architecture, streets, and local environment are calculated and compared with the overall settlement. The study finds that the construction logic for buildings and streets remains stable throughout development. However, notable differences exist in environmental construction principles between new and old sections. The analysis suggests that traditional settlements, guided by inherent principles, maintain stability under external influences, serving as a benchmark for future planning and modernization decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. The Neglected Dress—Re-Evaluating the Iconography of the "True Visage" (Zhenrong) Mañjuśrī.
- Author
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Wu, Hong
- Subjects
RELIGIOUS idols ,CHINESE history ,BUDDHISM ,CULTS - Abstract
The development of the cult of Mount Wutai was a milestone event in the history of Chinese Buddhism. Crucial in that development was a novel depiction of Mañjuśrī, believed to be transmitting the deity's "true visage" (zhenrong). While consensus suggests that the primary new aspect of that depiction is the ethnicity of the attendant for Mañjuśrī's animal vehicle, it is puzzling that the true visage of a saintly figure is defined externally, by his attendant, rather than internally, within his own stylistic or iconographic configuration. This paper critically re-evaluates arguments and evidence surrounding this issue and argues that the image of the True Visage Mañjuśrī invented at Mount Wutai has specific iconographic features in his own representation. Uncovering the heretofore neglected iconographic specificities provides a more fine-grained understanding of how visual devices contributed to the cult of Mount Wutai, while also bringing renewed thinking about the notion of auspicious images and their replication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the Ming Great Wall.
- Author
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Yang, Yang, Zhang, Yukun, and Li, Yan
- Subjects
GEOGRAPHIC information systems ,GEODATABASES ,MING dynasty, China, 1368-1644 ,DEFENSIVE (Military science) ,CHINESE history ,CULTURAL property - Abstract
The Great Wall during the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644) was the most prominent engineering volume and the most perfect military defense structure in the history of China. By combining traditional historical textual research, site surveys, and GIS database analysis, this paper reveals the Ming Great Wall's spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and the immediate causes of their formation are discussed in the nine military districts of the frontier. The results show that: (1) The general rule of the Ming Great Wall was to set up military forts, passes, piers, and other related defensive facilities before constructing the continuous wall. (2) The Great Wall spatial and temporal distribution of the phases is relatively apparent, divided into five construction phases in the Ming Dynasty (1368–1620): Hongwu to Xuande (1368–1435), unbuilt the wall; Zhengtong to Tianshun (1436–1464), the consecutive wall appeared; Chenghua to Zhengde (1465–1521), the first construction climax of the Great Wall; Jiajing period (1522–1566), the second construction climax of the Great Wall; Longqing to Wanli (1567–1620), the completion of the whole line of the Great Wall.(3)The warfare and defense posture was the immediate factor that prompted the construction of the Great Wall between the Ming Dynasty and Mongolia. This study has some reference significance for restoring the integrity and authenticity of the Ming Great Wall, and contribute to the preservation of the cultural heritage of. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Review of Asymmetric Seafloor Spreading and Oceanic Ridge Jumps in the South China Sea.
- Author
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Wei, Jiangong, Dai, Shuangling, Cheng, Huai, Wang, Houjin, Wang, Pengcheng, Li, Fuyuan, Xie, Zhiyuan, and Zhu, Rongwei
- Subjects
PLATE tectonics ,OCEAN bottom ,OCEANIC crust ,MAGMATISM ,CHINESE history ,SEISMOMETERS - Abstract
Seafloor spreading is an important cornerstone of the theory of plate tectonics. Asymmetric seafloor spreading and oceanic ridge jumps are common phenomena in this process and play important roles in controlling oceanic crust accretion, regional tectonics and geological geometric boundaries. As the largest marginal sea in the western Pacific, the South China Sea is an ideal laboratory for dissecting the Wilson cycle of small marginal sea-type ocean basins restricted by surrounding blocks and exploring the deep dynamic processes of confined small ocean basins. In recent years, a lot of research has been conducted on the spreading history of the South China Sea and has achieved fruitful results. However, the detailed dynamic mechanisms of asymmetric seafloor spreading and ridge jumps are still unclear. Therefore, this paper summarizes the basic understanding about the dynamic mechanisms of global asymmetric seafloor spreading and ridge jumps and reviews the related research results of asymmetric seafloor spreading and ridge jumps in the South China Sea. Previous studies have basically confirmed that seafloor spreading in the South China Sea started between ~32 and 34 Ma in the east sub-basin and ended at ~15 Ma in the northwest sub-basin, with at least once oceanic ridge jump in the east sub-basin. The current research mainly focuses on the age of the seafloor spreading in the South China Sea and the location, time and stage of the ridge jumps, but there are relatively few studies on high-resolution lithospheric structure across these ridges and the dynamic mechanism of oceanic ridge jumps. Based on the current research progress, we propose that further studies should focus on the lithosphere–asthenosphere scale in the future, suggesting that marine magnetotelluric and Ocean Bottom Seismometer (OBS) surveys should be conducted across the residual oceanic ridges to perform a detailed analysis of the tectonics magmatism in the east sub-basin to gain insights into the dynamic mechanisms of oceanic ridge jumps and asymmetric seafloor spreading, which can promote understanding of the tectonic evolution of the South China Sea and improve the classical plate tectonics theory that was constructed based on the open ocean basins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Evol project: a comprehensive online platform for quantitative analysis of ancient literature.
- Author
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Wang, Jun, Duan, Siyu, Fu, Binghao, Gao, Liangcai, and Su, Qi
- Subjects
ANCIENT literature ,QUANTITATIVE research ,PHILOLOGY ,ATTITUDE change (Psychology) ,SOCIAL evolution ,CHINESE history ,RACIAL & ethnic attitudes - Abstract
Quantitative cultural studies have witnessed a surge with the rapid development of computer technology in recent years. Since ancient literature constitutes a long-time-span repository for human culture, with quantitative methods and ancient texts, scholars can study the genesis and progression of human history and society across historical epochs from digital perspectives. Nevertheless, traditional humanities scholars often lack the requisite technical skills, creating a demand for interactive platforms. This paper introduces the Evol platform—an online tool designed for the quantitative analysis of ancient literature. Equipped with various analysis functions and visualization tools, the Evol platform allows users to quantify literary documents through intuitive online interaction. Using this platform, we investigated three cases of cultural evolution in ancient Chinese history: (1) the changing attitude of the government towards nomadic ethnic groups; (2) the formulation and propagation of an allusion phrase related to the Battle of Muye; (3) the influence of the Book of Changes across diverse cultural domains. By showcasing cases across diverse semantic units and topics, Evol demonstrates its potential in providing efficient and low-cost experimental tools catering to the realms of culturomics, history, and philology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Rethinking the Taxonomic Category "Sect/School" (Zong 宗) in the Construction of Modern Buddhism in China—Focusing on Hešeri Rushan's Eight Schools and Two Practices (" Ba-Zong-Er-Xing 八宗二行").
- Author
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Chen, Jidong
- Subjects
BUDDHISM ,SECTS ,MODERN history ,QING dynasty, China, 1644-1912 ,CHINESE history ,NINETEENTH century - Abstract
This paper explores the origin and role of the Buddhist taxonomic category "zong 宗" ("sect" or "school") in the formation of modern Buddhism in China. It does so by examining a highly significant late-Qing Buddhist text titled Ba-zong-er-xing 八宗二行 (Eight Schools and Two Practices), which the author discovered recently in Japan. Authored by the 19th-century Manchu bannerman official Hešeri Rushan 赫舍裏如山, Eight Schools and Two Practices had a direct influence on the prominent Chinese lay Buddhist Yang Wenhui (1837–1911)'s Shi-zong-lue-shuo 十宗略说 (Brief Outline of the Ten Schools) (1913), which subsequently became the most important narrative model, known as the ten-school model, for describing Chinese Buddhist history in modern times. Historians have long recognized that Yang Wenhui's Brief Outline of the Ten Schools (1913) was influenced by the medieval Japanese text hasshū kōyō 八宗綱要 (Essentials of the Eight Schools) composed by the 13th-century Japanese monk Gyōnen. Identifying, in detail, Hešeri Rushan's influence on Yang Wenhui sheds light on how a narrative model for Buddhism in its national form grew out of trans-national intellectual sharing and interactions, and how Chinese Buddhism emerged from the interactive and mutually enabling Sino-Japanese discursive field of the 19th century. Gyōnen, Rushan, and Yang Wenhui all used the category zong, referring to both doctrine and school/sect, to organize narratives of Buddhist history. Their uses were, however, different. Gyōnen's conception of zong (shū in Japanese) was fixed and exclusive, whereas zong for Rushan and Yang meant more of a mobile, nonexclusive identity. Without knowledge of Japanese Buddhism, Rushan made creative use of zong for describing the history and current condition of Chinese Buddhism, thereby superseding the traditional framework of lineage, doctrine, and precept, or zong 宗, jiao 教, lu 律. Rushan's zong provided the necessary prerequisite knowledge for Yang Wenhui to understand Gyōnen's theories, which he studied for constructing his own historical narrative and vision for modern Buddhism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Practice and Understanding in Modern Chinese Pure Land Buddhism.
- Author
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ZAMORSKI, Jakub
- Subjects
BUDDHIST philosophy ,BUDDHISM ,PHRONESIS ,ELITE (Social sciences) ,CULTURAL history ,CHINESE history - Abstract
The present paper aims to contribute to the ongoing scholarly discussion about the impact of Western concepts on the modern East Asian understanding of Buddhism. Previous studies on the intellectual and cultural history of Chinese Buddhism in China's Republican (1911-1949) period suggest that the newly imported distinctions between religion and philosophy, and reason and faith, were instrumental in creating a new secular discourse that favoured the doctrinally orientated Buddhist traditions (notably Consciousness-only/Yogācāra) and belittled the more practical and devotional Buddhist currents (especially Pure Land Buddhism). While those observations pertain to the views of secular elites, a much more complex picture emerges from the confessional literature of the Republican period, for example Buddhist journals. As the present paper demonstrates, while some followers of the movement of 'Consciousness-only studies' were indeed critical of Pure Land devotionalism, they did not necessarily problematise it by appealing to the newly introduced Western conceptual framework. The first part of the present paper reexamines the devotional model of Pure Land practice associated with the influential Republican-era monk Yinguang. It argues that Yinguang's lukewarm attitude towards intellectual approach to Buddhism was itself based in his particular interpretation of traditional Buddhist thought - especially the scholastic distinction between 'principle' and 'phenomena', and the Sinitic Buddha-Nature thought, which prioritises practical and non-conceptual wisdom over discursive knowledge. In the second part the paper turns to the critique of popular Pure Land piety undertaken by the lay Consciousness-only scholar Tang Dayuan, who opted for including doctrinal study in the practice of Pure Land Buddhism. Whereas Tang's arguments for this case refer to the increasingly globalised and Westernised intellectual scene of Republican China, his reformist postulates mainly target the aforementioned exegetical and doctrinal assumptions that were shared by Yinguang and other Pure Land preachers. For example, Tang appears to sideline the dichotomy of principle (insight) and phenomena (practice) and opts instead for a unified standard of Pure Land practice grounded in doctrinal understanding. At the same time, he adduces Consciousness-only scholasticism to argue for a broader and more nuanced understanding of Buddhist wisdom, which includes discursive and communicable knowledge. In these respects Tang's critique reveals a continuity between late imperial and modern Buddhist thought, both in terms of underlying concerns and the concepts that were used to articulate them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. A discussion on practices and characteristics of science and technology diplomacy in twentieth-century China.
- Author
-
Li, Zheng, Cui, Fujuan, and Wang, Zining
- Subjects
DIPLOMACY ,TWENTIETH century ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,CHINESE history ,GRAND strategy (Political science) - Abstract
Scientists and diplomats have significant differences in professional skills, activity time and work content, but they should work together. With the deepening impact of science and technology (S&T) on socio-economic development and international relations, S&T has become a crucial component of national strategies, particularly for diplomacy. There is a need for scientific evidence and advice, meaning that mastering more knowledge and skills in S&T would be helpful in negotiations. This paper analyses the ideas of S&T diplomacy, including a review of its 40-year history in China, its definition (with detailed connotations) and its characteristics. The paper focuses on the significant role of people-to-people communication in S&T, which may inform future work. Five suggestions are given to strengthen the strategic planning of S&T diplomacy: (1) A more clarified, strategic goal of future-oriented S&T diplomacy is required; (2) It is important to build a theoretical system for China to describe S&T diplomacy; (3) The creation of a global S&T cooperation map that adapts to the new type of international relations would be valuable; (4) Fairness and justice shall be maintained, while a reform of the global S&T governance system is promoted; (5) It is a must to adhere to bottom-line thinking and strengthen risk prediction and emergency responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Exploration of the Construction and Digitization of the Yellow River Governance Landscape Special Collection.
- Author
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Wang, Zhigang and Zhao, Xing
- Subjects
ARCHIVES ,LIBRARY special collections ,DIGITIZATION ,LANDSCAPES ,DIGITAL libraries ,DATA libraries ,CHINESE history ,INFORMATION resources ,HISTORICAL source material - Abstract
The governance and development history of the Yellow River is an important part of Chinese history. Many historical documents and archives have been produced around the governance and development of the Yellow River as well as modern information resources such as databases and pictures, which together constitute a special collection of cultural heritage resources of the Yellow River Governance Landscape. In this paper, a literature search was conducted and unique resources collected for the construction of the Yellow River Governance Landscape, including the main literature, archives, pictures, databases, and other resources. Experts identified the concept and relevant resources of the Yellow River Governance Landscape, and librarians constructed the special collection. The future direction of digitization and database construction for the Yellow River Governance Landscape resources are also discussed. The special resources of the Yellow River Governance Landscape will help to increase the discipline collections and special collections of university libraries, provide resources for multidisciplinary teaching and research, and help to digitize and build databases of Yellow River Governance Landscape resources in the future as well as provide the content basis for open access and sharing of digital resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. CHINA'S DEVELOPMENT CO-OPERATION.
- Author
-
Schwarz, Rolf and Rudyak, Marina
- Subjects
CHINESE history ,COOPERATION - Abstract
This paper traces the history of China's development co-operation system and looks into its practices, touching upon implementation gaps with established international norms and practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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