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12. Prevention of recurrent respiratory infections: Inter-society Consensus

Author

Chiappini, Elena, Santamaria, Francesca, Marseglia, Gian Luigi, Marchisio, Paola, Galli, Luisa, Cutrera, Renato, de Martino, Maurizio, Antonini, Sara, Becherucci, Paolo, Biasci, Paolo, Bortone, Barbara, Bottero, Sergio, Caldarelli, Valeria, Cardinale, Fabio, Gattinara, Guido Castelli, Ciarcià, Martina, Ciofi, Daniele, D’Elios, Sofia, Di Mauro, Giuseppe, Doria, Mattia, Indinnimeo, Luciana, Lo Vecchio, Andrea, Macrì, Francesco, Mattina, Roberto, Miniello, Vito Leonardo, del Giudice, Michele Miraglia, Morbin, Guido, Motisi, Marco Antonio, Novelli, Andrea, Palamara, Anna Teresa, Panatta, Maria Laura, Pasinato, Angela, Peroni, Diego, Perruccio, Katia, Piacentini, Giorgio, Pifferi, Massimo, Pignataro, Lorenzo, Sitzia, Emanuela, Tersigni, Chiara, Torretta, Sara, Trambusti, Irene, Trippella, Giulia, Valentini, Diletta, Valentini, Sandro, Varricchio, Attilio, Verga, Maria Carmen, Vicini, Claudio, Zecca, Marco, and Villani, Alberto

Published
2021
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13. Italian consensus on the therapeutic management of uncomplicated acute hematogenous osteomyelitis in children

Author

Krzysztofiak, Andrzej, Chiappini, Elena, Venturini, Elisabetta, Gargiullo, Livia, Roversi, Marco, Montagnani, Carlotta, Bozzola, Elena, Chiurchiu, Sara, Vecchio, Davide, Castagnola, Elio, Tomà, Paolo, Rossolini, Gian Maria, Toniolo, Renato Maria, Esposito, Susanna, Cirillo, Marco, Cardinale, Fabio, Novelli, Andrea, Beltrami, Giovanni, Tagliabue, Claudia, Boero, Silvio, Deriu, Daniele, Bianchini, Sonia, Grandin, Annalisa, Bosis, Samantha, Ciarcià, Martina, Ciofi, Daniele, Tersigni, Chiara, Bortone, Barbara, Trippella, Giulia, Nicolini, Giangiacomo, Lo Vecchio, Andrea, Giannattasio, Antonietta, Musso, Paola, Serrano, Elena, Marchisio, Paola, Donà, Daniele, Garazzino, Silvia, Pierantoni, Luca, Mazzone, Teresa, Bernaschi, Paola, Ferrari, Alessandra, Gattinara, Guido Castelli, Galli, Luisa, and Villani, Alberto

Published
2021
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21. Children living with HIV in Europe: do migrants have worse treatment outcomes?

Author

Chappell, E., Kohns Vasconcelos, M., Goodall, R. L., Galli, L., Goetghebuer, T., Noguera-Julian, A., Rodrigues, L. C., Scherpbier, H., Smit, C., Bamford, A., Crichton, S., Navarro, M. L., Ramos, J. T., Warszawski, J., Spolou, V., Chiappini, E., Venturini, E., Prata, F., Kahlert, C., Marczynska, M., Marques, L., Naver, L., Thorne, C., Gibb, D. M., Giaquinto, C., Judd, A., Collins, I. J., Goodall, R., Rodrigues, L., Duff, C., Gomezpena, D., Jackson, C., Lundin, R., Mangiarini, L., Milanzi, E., Nardone, A., Hainaut, M., Van der Kelen, E., Delforge, M., Le Chenadec, J., Ramos, E., Dialla, O., Wack, T., Laurent, C., Ait si Selmi, L., Leymarie, I., Ait Benali, F., Brossard, M., Boufassa, L., Floch-Tudal, C., Firtion, G., Hau, I., Chace, A., Bolot, P., Blanche, S., Granier, M., Labrune, P., Lachassine, E., Dollfus, C., Levine, M., Fourcade, C., Heller-Roussin, B., Runel-Belliard, C., Tricoire, J., Monpoux, F., Chirouze, C., Reliquet, V., Brouard, J., Kebaili, K., Fialaire, P., de Villeneuve, A., Lalande, M., de Flandres, J., Mazingue, F., Partisani, M. L., de Martino, M., Angelo Tovo, P., Gabiano, C., Carloni, I., Larovere, D., Baldi, F., Miniaci, A., Pession, A., Badolato, R., Panto, G., Anastasio, E., Montagnani, C., Bianchi, L., Allodi, A., Di Biagio, A., Grignolo, S., Giacomet, V., Marchisio, P., Banderali, G., Tagliabue, C., Cellini, M., Bruzzese, E., Di Costanzo, P., Lo Vecchio, A., Dona, D., Rampon, O., Romano, A., Dodi, I., Esposito, S., Zuccaro, V., Zanaboni, D., Consolini, R., Bernardi, S., Genovese, O., Cristiano, L., Mazza, A., Garazzino, S., Mignone, F., Silvestro, E., Portelli, V., Kinderziekenhuis, E., van der Kuip, M., Pajkrt, D., Scherpbier, H. J., de Boer, C., Weijsenfeld, A. M., Jurriaans, S., Back, N. K. T., Zaaijer, H. L., Berkhout, B., Cornelissen, M. T. E., Schinkel, C. J., Wolthers, K. C., Fraaij, P. L. A., van Rossum, A. M. C., Vermont, C. L., van der Knaap, L. C., Visser, E., Boucher, C. A. B., Koopmans, M. P. G., van Kampen, J. J. A., Henriet, S. S. V., van Aerde, M. K., Strik-Albers, R., Rahamat-Langendoen, J., Stelma, F. F., Burger, D., Scholvinck, E. H., de Groot-de Jonge, H., Niesters, H. G. M., van Leer-Buter, C. C., Knoester, M., Bont, L. J., Geelen, S. P. M., Loeffen, Y. G. T., Wolfs, T. F. W., Nauta, N., Schuurman, R., Hofstra, L. M., Wensing, A. M. J., Reiss, P., Zaheri, S., Boyd, A. C., Bezemer, D. O., van Sighem, A. I., Wit, F. W. M. N., Hillebregt, M. M. J., Woudstra, T. J., Bergsma, D., van de Sande, L., Rutkens, T., van der Vliet, S., Lelivelt, K. J., Scheijgrond, A., de Groot, L., van den Akker, M., Bakker, Y., EI Berkaoui, A., Bezemer, M., Bretin, N., Djoechro, E., Groters, M., Kruijne, E., Lodewijk, C., Lucas, E., Munjishvili, L., Paling, F., Peeck, B., Ree, C., Regtop, R., Ruijs, Y., Schoorl, M., Schnorr, P., Tuijn, E., Veenenberg, L., Visser, K. M., Witte, E. C., Popielska, J., Pokorska-Spiewak, M., Oldakowska, A., Zawadka, K., Coupland, U., Doroba, M., Teixeira, C., Fernandes, A., Soler-Palacin, P., Antoinette Frick, M., Perez-Hoyos, S., Mur, A., Lopez, N., Mendez, M., Mayol, L., Vallmanya, T., Calavia, O., Garcia, L., Coll, M., Pineda, V., Rius, N., Rovira, N., Duenas, J., Fortuny, C., Jose Mellado, M., Escosa, L., Garcia Hortelano, M., Sainz, T., Gonzalez-Tome, M. I., Rojo, P., Blazquez, D., Prieto-Tato, L., Epalza, C., Tomas Ramos, J., Guillen, S., Saavedra, J., Santos, M., Santiago, B., de Ory, S. J., Carrasco, I., Munoz-Fernandez, M. A., Angel Roa, M., Penin, M., Martinez, J., Badillo, K., Onate, E., Pocheville, I., Garrote, E., Colino, E., Gomez Sirvent, J., Garzon, M., Roman, V., Angulo, R., Neth, O., Falcon, L., Terol, P., Luis Santos, J., Moreno, D., Lendinez, F., Peromingo, E., Uberos, J., Ruiz, B., Grande, A., Jose Romero, F., Perez, C., Lillo, M., Losada, B., Herranz, M., Bustillo, M., Collado, P., Antonio Couceiro, J., Vila, L., Calvino, C., Isabel Piqueras, A., Oltra, M., Gavilan, C., Montesinos, E., Dapena, M., Alvarez, C., Jimenez, B., Gloria Andres, A., Marugan, V., Ochoa, C., Alfayate, S., Isabel Menasalvas, A., del Prado, Y. R., Navernaver, L., Soeria-Atmadja, S., Belfrage, E., Hagas, V., Aebi-Popp, K., Anagnostopoulos, A., Battegay, M., Baumann, M., Bernasconi, E., Boni, J., Braun, D. L., Bucher, H. C., Calmy, A., Cavassini, M., Ciuffi, A., Crisinel, P. A., Duppenthaler, A., Dollenmaier, G., Egger, M., Elzi, L., Fehr, J., Fellay, J., Francini, K., Furrer, H., Fux, C. A., Gunthard, H. F., Haerry, D., Hasse, B., Hirsch, H. H., Hoffmann, M., Hosli, I., Huber, M., Kaiser, L., Keiser, O., Klimkait, T., Kottanattu, L., Kouyos, R. D., Kovari, H., Ledergerber, B., Martinetti, G., Martinez de Tejada, B., Marzolini, C., Metzner, K. J., Muller, N., Nicca, D., Paioni, P., Pantaleo, G., Perreau, M., Polli, C., Rauch, A., Rudin, C., Scherrer, A. U., Schmid, P., Speck, R., Stockle, M., Sultan-Beyer, L., Tarr, P., Thanh Lecompte, M., Trkola, A., Vernazza, P., Wagner, N., Wandeler, G., Weber, R., Yerly, S., Lyall, H., Butler, K., Doerholt, K., Doherty, C., Foster, C., Harrison, I., Kenny, J., Klein, N., Letting, G., Mcmaster, P., Murau, F., Nsangi, E., Prime, K., Riordan, A., Shackley, F., Shingadia, D., Storey, S., Tudor-Williams, G., Turkova, A., Welch, S., Cook, C., Dobson, D., Fairbrother, K., Prevost, M. L., Van Looy, N., Peters, H., Francis, K., Thrasyvoulou, L., Fidler, K., Bernatoniene, J., Manyika, F., Sharpe, G., Subramaniam, B., Hague, R., Price, V., Flynn, J., Cardoso, A., Abou - Rayyah, M., Yeadon, S., Segal, S., Hawkins, S., Dowie, M., Bandi, S., Percival, E., Eisenhut, M., Duncan, K., Anguvaa, L., Wren, L., Flood, T., Pickering, A., Murphy, C., Daniels, J., Lees, Y., Thompson, F., Williams, A., Williams, B., Pope, S., Libeschutz, S., Cliffe, L., Southall, S., Freeman, A., Freeman, H., Christie, S., Gordon, A., Rosie Hague, D., Clarke, L., Jones, L., Brown, L., Greenberg, M., Benson, C., Ibberson, L., Patel, S., Hancock, J., Sharland, M., Lyall, E. G. H., Seery, P., Kirkhope, N., Raghunanan, S., Callaghan, A., Bridgwood, A., Evans, J., Blake, E., Yannoulias, A., Department of Sciences for Woman and Child's Health, Florence University, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Paediatric Infectious Diseases / Rheumatology / Immunology, Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Infectious diseases, AII - Infectious diseases, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development (AR&D), Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Global Health, APH - Aging & Later Life, Biomedical Engineering and Physics, ACS - Atherosclerosis & ischemic syndromes, 1, Elizabeth Chappell, 2 3 4, Malte Kohns Vasconcelo, L Goodall 1, Ruth, 5, Luisa Galli, 6, Tessa Goetghebuer, 9 10, Antoni Noguera-Julian 7 8, C Rodrigues 2, Laura, Scherpbier 11, Henriette, Smit 12, Colette, 1 13 14, Alasdair Bamford, 1, Siobhan Crichton, Luisa Navarro 10 15 16 17, Marissa, T Ramos 18, Jose, Warszawski 19 20, Josiane, Spolou 21, Vana, 5, Elena Chiappini, 5, Elisabetta Venturini, Prata 22, Filipa, Kahlert 23, Christian, Marczynska 24, Magdalena, Marques 25, Laura, Naver 26, Lar, Thorne 14, Claire, M Gibb 1, Diana, Giaquinto 27, Carlo, 1, Ali Judd, 1, Intira Jeannie Collin, Pregnancy and Paediatric Infections Cohort Collaboration (EPPICC), European, Goodall, Ruth, Rodrigues, Laura, Duff, Charlotte, Gomezpena, Daniel, Jackson, Charlotte, Lundin, Rebecca, Mangiarini, Laura, Milanzi, Edith, Nardone, Alessandra, Hainaut, Marc, Van der Kelen, Evelyne, Delforge, Marc, Le Chenadec, Jerome, Ramos, Elisa, Dialla, Olivia, Wack, Thierry, Laurent, Corine, Ait Si Selmi, Lamya, Leymarie, Isabelle, Ait Benali, Fazia, Brossard, Maud, Boufassa, Leila, Floch-Tudal, Corinne, Firtion, Ghislaine, Hau, Isabelle, Chace, Anne, Bolot, Pascal, Blanche, Stéphane, Granier, Michèle, Labrune, Philippe, Lachassine, Eric, Dollfus, Catherine, Levine, Martine, Fourcade, Corinne, Heller-Roussin, Brigitte, Runel-Belliard, Camille, Tricoire, Joëlle, Monpoux, Fabrice, Chirouze, Catherine, Reliquet, Véronique, Brouard, Jacque, Kebaili, Kamila, Fialaire, Pascale, de Villeneuve, Arnaud, Lalande, Muriel, de Flandres, Jeanne, Mazingue, Françoise, Luisa Partisani, Maria, de Martino, Maurizio, Angelo Tovo, Pier, Gabiano, Clara, Carloni, Ine, Larovere, Domenico, Baldi, Francesco, Miniaci, Angela, Pession, Andrea, Badolato, Raffaele, Pantò, Grazia, Anastasio, Elisa, Montagnani, Carlotta, Bianchi, Leila, Allodi, Alessandra, Di Biagio, Antonio, Grignolo, Sara, Giacomet, Vania, Marchisio, Paola, Banderali, Giuseppe, Tagliabue, Claudia, Cellini, Monica, Bruzzese, Eugenia, DI COSTANZO, Pasquale, LO VECCHIO, Andrea, Donà, Daniele, Rampon, Osvalda, Romano, Amelia, Dodi, Icilio, Esposito, Susanna, Zuccaro, Valentina, Zanaboni, Domenico, Consolini, Rita, Bernardi, Stefania, Genovese, Orazio, Cristiano, Letizia, Mazza, Antonio, Garazzino, Silvia, Mignone, Federica, Silvestro, Erika, Portelli, Vincenzo, Pediatric surgery, Pediatrics, and Virology

Subjects
children, Europe, HIV, migrant, mortality, Adolescent, Child, Humans, Treatment Outcome, Viral Load, Anti-HIV Agents, HIV Infections, Transients and Migrants, medicine.medical_treatment, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 4], medicine.disease_cause, 0302 clinical medicine, Medicine, Pharmacology (medical), 030212 general & internal medicine, health care economics and organizations, Health Policy, Hazard ratio, virus diseases, Immunosuppression, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, population characteristics, 0305 other medical science, Viral load, geographic locations, education, 03 medical and health sciences, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, 030505 public health, business.industry, Proportional hazards model, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 4], Observational study, business, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Demography
Abstract

Contains fulltext : 249078.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of migrant status on treatment outcomes among children living with HIV in Europe. METHODS: Children aged

Published
2022
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22. Multicentre Italian study of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents, preliminary data as at 10 April 2020

Author

Garazzino, S., Montagnani, C., Dona, D., Meini, A., Felici, E., Vergine, G., Bernardi, S., Giacchero, R., Vecchio, A. L., Marchisio, P., Nicolini, G., Pierantoni, L., Rabbone, I., Banderali, G., Denina, M., Venturini, E., Krzysztofiak, A., Badolato, R., Bianchini, S., Galli, L., Villani, A., Castelli-Gattinara, G., Salvini, F., Abbagnato, L., Castagnola, E., Dodi, I., Ghitti, C., Lippi, P., Agostiniani, R., Cherubini, S., Valentini, P., Gianino, P., Vaccaro, A., Manzoni, P., Verna, P., Comberiati, P., Di Filippo, P., Gallia, P., Battezzati, G., Fiore, L., Dalmazzo, C., Tappi, E., Lazzerini, M., Tovo, P. -A., Scolfaro, C., Pruccoli, G., Ramenghi, U., Giaquinto, C., da Dalt, L., Tornese, G., Berlese, P., Plebani, A., Manno, E. C., Santilli, V., Lancella, L., Cursi, L., Campana, A., Bozzola, E., Bosis, S., Lanari, M., Pecoraro, C., Del Barba, P., Nicastro, E., Esposito, S., Zuccotti, G. V., Corsello, G., Cardinale, F., Tocco, A. M., Ballardini, G., Agostoni, C., Chiappini, E., Indolfi, G., Anna, B., Cazzato, S., Zavarise, G., Pignata, C., Marchetti, F., Garazzino S., Montagnani C., Dona D., Meini A., Felici E., Vergine G., Bernardi S., Giacchero R., Vecchio A.L., Marchisio P., Nicolini G., Pierantoni L., Rabbone I., Banderali G., Denina M., Venturini E., Krzysztofiak A., Badolato R., Bianchini S., Galli L., Villani A., Castelli-Gattinara G., Salvini F., Abbagnato L., Castagnola E., Dodi I., Ghitti C., Lippi P., Agostiniani R., Cherubini S., Valentini P., Gianino P., Vaccaro A., Manzoni P., Verna P., Comberiati P., Di Filippo P., Gallia P., Battezzati G., Fiore L., Dalmazzo C., Tappi E., Lazzerini M., Tovo P.-A., Scolfaro C., Pruccoli G., Ramenghi U., Giaquinto C., da Dalt L., Tornese G., Berlese P., Plebani A., Manno E.C., Santilli V., Lancella L., Cursi L., Campana A., Bozzola E., Bosis S., Lanari M., Pecoraro C., Del Barba P., Nicastro E., Esposito S., Zuccotti G.V., Corsello G., Cardinale F., Tocco A.M., Ballardini G., Agostoni C., Chiappini E., Indolfi G., Anna B., Cazzato S., Zavarise G., Pignata C., Marchetti F., Garazzino, S., Montagnani, C., Dona, D., Meini, A., Felici, E., Vergine, G., Bernardi, S., Giacchero, R., Vecchio, A. L., Marchisio, P., Nicolini, G., Pierantoni, L., Rabbone, I., Banderali, G., Denina, M., Venturini, E., Krzysztofiak, A., Badolato, R., Bianchini, S., Galli, L., Villani, A., Castelli-Gattinara, G, Tornese, G, Filippo Salvini, Laura Abbagnato, Elio Castagnola, Icilio Dodi, Cesare Ghitti, Paola Lippi, Rino Agostiniani, Simonetta Cherubini, Piero Valentini, Paola Gianino, Angelina Vaccaro, Paolo Manzoni, Paola Verna, Pasquale Comberiati, Paola Di Filippo, Paola Gallia, Gianna Battezzati, Ludovica Fiore, Cristina Dalmazzo, Eleonora Tappi, Marta Lazzerini, PierAngelo Tovo, Carlo Scolfaro, Giulia Pruccoli, Ugo Ramenghi, Carlo Giaquinto, Liviana Da Dalt, Gianluca Tornese, Paola Berlese, Alessandro Plebani, Emma Concetta Manno, Veronica Santilli, Laura Lancella, Laura Cursi, Andrea Campana, Elena Bozzola, Samantha Bosis, Marcello Lanari, Carmine Pecoraro, Paolo Del Barba, Emanuele Nicastro, Silvia Garazzino, Carlotta Montagnani, Daniele Donà, Antonella Meini, Enrico Felici, Gianluca Vergine, Stefania Bernardi, Roberta Giacchero, Andrea Lo Vecchio, Paola Marchisio, Giangiacomo Nicolini, Luca Pierantoni, Ivana Rabbone, Giuseppe Banderali, Marco Denina, Elisabetta Venturini, Andrzej Krzysztofiak , Raffaele Badolato, Sonia Bianchini, Luisa Galli, Alberto Villani , Guido Castelli-Gattinara, Susanna Esposito, Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti, Giovanni Corsello, Fabio Cardinale, Anna Maria Tocco, Giuseppina Ballardini, Carlo Agostoni, Elena Chiappini, Giuseppe Indolfi, Bussolini Anna, Salvatore Cazzato, Giorgio Zavarise, Claudio Pignata, Federico Marchetti, Lo Vecchio, A., and Castelli-Gattinara, G.

Subjects
Male, Pediatrics, Epidemiology, Protease Inhibitor, Comorbidity, medicine.disease_cause, Clinical Laboratory Technique, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, Disease Outbreaks, Feces, 0302 clinical medicine, Settore MED/38 - Pediatria Generale E Specialistica, COVID-19 Testing, Retrospective Studie, Pandemic, 030212 general & internal medicine, Viral, Child, Coronavirus, Pediatric, Disease Outbreak, Coinfection, Hospitals, Pediatric, Settore MED/38, Hospitals, Diarrhea, Treatment Outcome, SARS-CoV-2 infection, children, covid-19, hydroxychloroquine, pneumonia, Adolescent, Antiviral Agents, Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, Child, Preschool, Chronic Disease, Clinical Laboratory Techniques, Coronavirus Infections, Female, Fever, Humans, Immunocompromised Host, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Italy, Noninvasive Ventilation, Pandemics, Pneumonia, Viral, Protease Inhibitors, Retrospective Studies, SARS-CoV-2, medicine.symptom, Rapid Communication, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, Coronaviru, 03 medical and health sciences, 030225 pediatrics, Virology, Intensive care, medicine, Preschool, Antiviral Agent, Betacoronaviru, business.industry, Coronavirus Infection, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Retrospective cohort study, medicine.disease, Newborn, Pneumonia, Fece, business
Abstract

Data on features of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in children and adolescents are scarce. We report preliminary results of an Italian multicentre study comprising 168 laboratory-confirmed paediatric cases (median: 2.3 years, range: 1 day–17.7 years, 55.9% males), of which 67.9% were hospitalised and 19.6% had comorbidities. Fever was the most common symptom, gastrointestinal manifestations were frequent; two children required intensive care, five had seizures, 49 received experimental treatments and all recovered.

Published
2020

23. Malignancies among children and young people with HIV in Western and Eastern Europe and Thailand the European Pregnancy and Paediatric Infections Cohort Collaboration (EPPICC) study group

Author

Chappell, E., Turkova, A., Goetghebuer, T., Jackson, C., Chiappini, E., Galli, L., Gingaras, C., Judd, A., Spoulou, V., Lisi, C., Ansone, S., Wolfs, T., Marczynska, M., Ene, L., Plotnikova, Y., Voronin, E., Samarina, A., Jourdain, G., Ngo-Giang-Huong, N., Fortuny, C., Navarro, M. L., Ramos, J. T., Naver, L., Crisinel, P. -A., Bailey, H., Malyuta, R., Volokha, A., Bamford, A., Crichton, S., Foster, C., Thorne, C., Collins, I. J., Giaquinto, C., Gibb, D. M., Critchton, S., Duff, C., Goodall, R., Gomezpena, D., Lundin, R., Mangiarini, L., Milanzi, E., Nardone, A., Hainaut, M., Van der Kelen, E., Delforge, M., de Martino, M., Tovo, P. A., Gabiano, C., Carloni, I., Larovere, D., Baldi, F., Miniaci, A., Pession, A., Badolato, R., Panto, G., Anastasio, E., Montagnani, C., Venturini, E., Bianchi, L., Allodi, A., Di Biagio, A., Grignolo, S., Giacomet, V., Marchisio, P., Banderali, G., Tagliabue, C., Cellini, M., Bruzzese, E., Di Costanzo, P., Lo Vecchio, A., Dona', D., Rampon, O., Romano, A., Dodi, I., Esposito, S., Zuccaro, V., Zanaboni, D., Consolini, R., Bernardi, S., Genovese, O., Cristiano, L., Mazza, A., Garazzino, S., Mignone, F., Silvestro, E., Portelli, V., Pajkrt, D., Scherpbier, H. J., Weijsenfeld, A. M., de Boer, C. G., Jurriaans, S., Back, N. K. T., Zaaijer, H. L., Berkhout, B., Cornelissen, M. T. E., Schinkel, C. J., Wolthers, K. C., Fraaij, P. L. A., van Rossum, A. M. C., Vermont, C. L., van der Knaap, L. C., Visser, E. G., Boucher, C. A. B., Koopmans, M. P. G., van Kampen, J. J. A., Pas, S. D., Henriet, S. S. V., van de Flier, M., van Aerde, K., Strik-Albers, R., Rahamat-Langendoen, J., Stelma, F. F., Scholvinck, E. H., de Groot-De Jonge, H., Niesters, H. G. M., van Leer-Buter, C. C., Knoester, M., Bont, L. J., Geelen, S. P. M., Wolfs, T. F. W., Nauta, N., Schuurman, R., Verduyn-Lunel, F., Wensing, A. M. J., Reiss, P., Zaheri, S., Bezemer, D. O., van Sighem, A. I., Smit, C., Wit, F. W. M. N., Hillebregt, M., de Jong, A., Woudstra, T., Bergsma, D., Grivell, S., Meijering, R., Raethke, M., Rutkens, T., de Groot, L., van den Akker, M., Bakker, Y., Bezemer, M., El Berkaoui, A., Geerlinks, J., Koops, J., Kruijne, E., Lodewijk, C., Lucas, E., van der Meer, R., Munjishvili, L., Paling, F., Peeck, B., Ree, C., Regtop, R., Ruijs, Y., van de Sande, L., Schoorl, M., Schnorr, P., Tuijn, E., Veenenberg, L., van der Vliet, S., Wisse, A., Witte, E. C., Tuk, B., Popielska, J., Pokorska-Spiewak, M., Oldakowska, A., Zawadka, K., Coupland, U., Doroba, M., Miloenko, M., Labutina, S., Soler-Palacin, P., Frick, M. A., Perez-Hoyos, S., Mur, A., Lopez, N., Mendez, M., Mayol, L., Vallmanya, T., Calavia, O., Garcia, L., Coll, M., Pineda, V., Rius, N., Rovira, N., Duenas, J., Noguera-Julian, A., Mellado, M. J., Escosa, L., Hortelano, M. G., Sainz, T., Gonzalez-Tome, M. I., Rojo, P., Blazquez, D., Prieto, L., Guillen, S., Saavedra, J., Santos, M., Munoz, M. A., Ruiz, B., Fernandez, C., Phee, M., de Ory, S. J., Alvarez, S., Roa, M. A., Beceiro, J., Martinez, J., Badillo, K., Apilanez, M., Pocheville, I., Garrote, E., Colino, E., Sirvent, J. G., Garzon, M., Roman, V., Montesdeoca, A., Mateo, M., Munoz, M. J., Angulo, R., Neth, O., Falcon, L., Terol, P., Santos, J. L., Moreno, D., Lendinez, F., Grande, A., Romero, F. J., Perez, C., Lillo, M., Losada, B., Herranz, M., Bustillo, M., Guerrero, C., Collado, P., Couceiro, J. A., Perez, A., Piqueras, A. I., Breton, R., Segarra, I., Gavilan, C., Jareno, E., Montesinos, E., Dapena, M., Alvarez, C., Andres, A. G., Marugan, V., Ochoa, C., Alfayate, S., Menasalvas, A. I., de Miguel, E., Soeria-Atmadja, S., Belfrage, E., Hagas, V., Aebi-Popp, K., Anagnostopoulos, A., Asner, S., Battegay, M., Baumann, M., Bernasconi, E., Boni, J., Braun, D. L., Bucher, H. C., Calmy, A., Cavassini, M., Ciuffi, A., Duppenthaler, A., Dollenmaier, G., Egger, M., Elzi, L., Fehr, J., Fellay, J., Francini, K., Furrer, H., Fux, C. A., Grawe, C., Gunthard, H. F., Haerry, D., Hasse, B., Hirsch, H. H., Hoffmann, M., Hosli, I., Huber, M., Kahlert, C. R., Kaiser, L., Keiser, O., Klimkait, T., Kottanattu, L., Kouyos, R. D., Kovari, H., Ledergerber, B., Martinetti, G., Martinez de Tejada, B., Marzolini, C., Metzner, K. J., Muller, N., Nicca, D., Paioni, P., Pantaleo, G., Perreau, M., Polli, Ch., Rauch, A., Rudin, C., Scherrer, A. U., Schmid, P., Speck, R., Stockle, M., Tarr, P., Thanh Lecompte, M., Trkola, A., Vernazza, P., Wagner, N., Wandeler, G., Weber, R., Wyler, C. A., Yerly, S., Wannarit, P., Techakunakorn, P., Hansudewechakul, R., Wanchaitanawong, V., Theansavettrakul, S., Nanta, S., Ngampiyaskul, C., Phanomcheong, S., Hongsiriwon, S., Karnchanamayul, W., Kwanchaipanich, R., Kanjanavanit, S., Kamonpakorn, N., Nantarukchaikul, M., Layangool, P., Mekmullica, J., Lucksanapisitkul, P., Watanayothin, S., Lertpienthum, N., Warachit, B., Hanpinitsak, S., Potchalongsin, S., Thanasiri, P., Krikajornkitti, S., Attavinijtrakarn, P., Srirojana, S., Bunjongpak, S., Puangsombat, A., Na-Rajsima, S., Ananpatharachai, P., Akarathum, N., Lawtongkum, W., Kheunjan, P., Suriyaboon, T., Saipanya, A., Than-In-At, K., Jaisieng, N., Suaysod, R., Chailoet, S., Naratee, N., Kawilapat, S., Kaleeva, T., Baryshnikova, Y., Soloha, S., Bashkatova, N., Raus, I., Glutshenko, O., Ruban, Z., Prymak, N., Kiseleva, G., Lyall, H., Butler, K., Doerholt, K., Doherty, C., Harrison, I., Kenny, J., Klein, N., Letting, G., Mcmaster, P., Murau, F., Nsangi, E., Prime, K., Riordan, A., Shackley, F., Shingadia, D., Storey, S., Tudor-Williams, G., Welch, S., Cook, C., Dobson, D., Fairbrother, K., Le Prevost, M., Van Looy, N., Peters, H., Francis, K., Thrasyvoulou, L., Fidler, K., Bernatoniene, J., Manyika, F., Sharpe, G., Subramaniam, B., Hague, R., Price, V., Flynn, J., Cardoso, A., Abou-Rayyah, M., Yeadon, S., Segal, S., Hawkins, S., Dowie, M., Bandi, S., Percival, E., Eisenhut, M., Duncan, K., Anguvaa, L., Wren, L., Flood, T., Pickering, A., Murphy, C., Daniels, J., Lees, Y., Thompson, F., Williams, A., Williams, B., Pope, S., Libeschutz, S., Cliffe, L., Southall, S., Freeman, A., Freeman, H., Christie, S., Gordon, A., Hague, D. R., Clarke, L., Jones, L., Brown, L., Greenberg, M., Benson, C., Ibberson, L., Patel, S., Hancock, J., Sharland, M., Lyall, E. G. H., Seery, P., Kirkhope, N., Raghunanan, S., Callaghan, A., Bridgwood, A., Evans, J., Blake, E., Yannoulias, A., Chappell, E., Turkova, A., Goetghebuer, T., Jackson, C., Chiappini, E., Galli, L., Gingaras, C., Judd, A., Spoulou, V., Lisi, C., Ansone, S., Wolfs, T., Marczynska, M., Ene, L., Plotnikova, Y., Voronin, E., Samarina, A., Jourdain, G., Ngo-Giang-Huong, N., Fortuny, C., Navarro, M. L., Ramos, J. T., Naver, L., Crisinel, P. -A., Bailey, H., Malyuta, R., Volokha, A., Bamford, A., Crichton, S., Foster, C., Thorne, C., Collins, I. J., Giaquinto, C., Gibb, D. M., Critchton, S., Duff, C., Goodall, R., Gomezpena, D., Lundin, R., Mangiarini, L., Milanzi, E., Nardone, A., Hainaut, M., Van der Kelen, E., Delforge, M., de Martino, M., Tovo, P. A., Gabiano, C., Carloni, I., Larovere, D., Baldi, F., Miniaci, A., Pession, A., Badolato, R., Panto, G., Anastasio, E., Montagnani, C., Venturini, E., Bianchi, L., Allodi, A., Di Biagio, A., Grignolo, S., Giacomet, V., Marchisio, P., Banderali, G., Tagliabue, C., Cellini, M., Bruzzese, E., Di Costanzo, P., Lo Vecchio, A., Dona, D., Rampon, O., Romano, A., Dodi, I., Esposito, S., Zuccaro, V., Zanaboni, D., Consolini, R., Bernardi, S., Genovese, O., Cristiano, L., Mazza, A., Garazzino, S., Mignone, F., Silvestro, E., Portelli, V., Pajkrt, D., Scherpbier, H. J., Weijsenfeld, A. M., de Boer, C. G., Jurriaans, S., Back, N. K. T., Zaaijer, H. L., Berkhout, B., Cornelissen, M. T. E., Schinkel, C. J., Wolthers, K. C., Fraaij, P. L. A., van Rossum, A. M. C., Vermont, C. L., van der Knaap, L. C., Visser, E. G., Boucher, C. A. B., Koopmans, M. P. G., van Kampen, J. J. A., Pas, S. D., Henriet, S. S. V., van de Flier, M., van Aerde, K., Strik-Albers, R., Rahamat-Langendoen, J., Stelma, F. F., Scholvinck, E. H., de Groot-De Jonge, H., Niesters, H. G. M., van Leer-Buter, C. C., Knoester, M., Bont, L. J., Geelen, S. P. M., Wolfs, T. F. W., Nauta, N., Schuurman, R., Verduyn-Lunel, F., Wensing, A. M. J., Reiss, P., Zaheri, S., Bezemer, D. O., van Sighem, A. I., Smit, C., Wit, F. W. M. N., Hillebregt, M., de Jong, A., Woudstra, T., Bergsma, D., Grivell, S., Meijering, R., Raethke, M., Rutkens, T., de Groot, L., van den Akker, M., Bakker, Y., Bezemer, M., El Berkaoui, A., Geerlinks, J., Koops, J., Kruijne, E., Lodewijk, C., Lucas, E., van der Meer, R., Munjishvili, L., Paling, F., Peeck, B., Ree, C., Regtop, R., Ruijs, Y., van de Sande, L., Schoorl, M., Schnorr, P., Tuijn, E., Veenenberg, L., van der Vliet, S., Wisse, A., Witte, E. C., Tuk, B., Popielska, J., Pokorska-Spiewak, M., Oldakowska, A., Zawadka, K., Coupland, U., Doroba, M., Miloenko, M., Labutina, S., Soler-Palacin, P., Frick, M. A., Perez-Hoyos, S., Mur, A., Lopez, N., Mendez, M., Mayol, L., Vallmanya, T., Calavia, O., Garcia, L., Coll, M., Pineda, V., Rius, N., Rovira, N., Duenas, J., Noguera-Julian, A., Mellado, M. J., Escosa, L., Hortelano, M. G., Sainz, T., Gonzalez-Tome, M. I., Rojo, P., Blazquez, D., Prieto, L., Guillen, S., Saavedra, J., Santos, M., Munoz, M. A., Ruiz, B., Fernandez, C., Phee, M., de Ory, S. J., Alvarez, S., Roa, M. A., Beceiro, J., Martinez, J., Badillo, K., Apilanez, M., Pocheville, I., Garrote, E., Colino, E., Sirvent, J. G., Garzon, M., Roman, V., Montesdeoca, A., Mateo, M., Munoz, M. J., Angulo, R., Neth, O., Falcon, L., Terol, P., Santos, J. L., Moreno, D., Lendinez, F., Grande, A., Romero, F. J., Perez, C., Lillo, M., Losada, B., Herranz, M., Bustillo, M., Guerrero, C., Collado, P., Couceiro, J. A., Perez, A., Piqueras, A. I., Breton, R., Segarra, I., Gavilan, C., Jareno, E., Montesinos, E., Dapena, M., Alvarez, C., Andres, A. G., Marugan, V., Ochoa, C., Alfayate, S., Menasalvas, A. I., de Miguel, E., Soeria-Atmadja, S., Belfrage, E., Hagas, V., Aebi-Popp, K., Anagnostopoulos, A., Asner, S., Battegay, M., Baumann, M., Bernasconi, E., Boni, J., Braun, D. L., Bucher, H. C., Calmy, A., Cavassini, M., Ciuffi, A., Duppenthaler, A., Dollenmaier, G., Egger, M., Elzi, L., Fehr, J., Fellay, J., Francini, K., Furrer, H., Fux, C. A., Grawe, C., Gunthard, H. F., Haerry, D., Hasse, B., Hirsch, H. H., Hoffmann, M., Hosli, I., Huber, M., Kahlert, C. R., Kaiser, L., Keiser, O., Klimkait, T., Kottanattu, L., Kouyos, R. D., Kovari, H., Ledergerber, B., Martinetti, G., Martinez de Tejada, B., Marzolini, C., Metzner, K. J., Muller, N., Nicca, D., Paioni, P., Pantaleo, G., Perreau, M., Polli, Ch., Rauch, A., Rudin, C., Scherrer, A. U., Schmid, P., Speck, R., Stockle, M., Tarr, P., Thanh Lecompte, M., Trkola, A., Vernazza, P., Wagner, N., Wandeler, G., Weber, R., Wyler, C. A., Yerly, S., Wannarit, P., Techakunakorn, P., Hansudewechakul, R., Wanchaitanawong, V., Theansavettrakul, S., Nanta, S., Ngampiyaskul, C., Phanomcheong, S., Hongsiriwon, S., Karnchanamayul, W., Kwanchaipanich, R., Kanjanavanit, S., Kamonpakorn, N., Nantarukchaikul, M., Layangool, P., Mekmullica, J., Lucksanapisitkul, P., Watanayothin, S., Lertpienthum, N., Warachit, B., Hanpinitsak, S., Potchalongsin, S., Thanasiri, P., Krikajornkitti, S., Attavinijtrakarn, P., Srirojana, S., Bunjongpak, S., Puangsombat, A., Na-Rajsima, S., Ananpatharachai, P., Akarathum, N., Lawtongkum, W., Kheunjan, P., Suriyaboon, T., Saipanya, A., Than-In-At, K., Jaisieng, N., Suaysod, R., Chailoet, S., Naratee, N., Kawilapat, S., Kaleeva, T., Baryshnikova, Y., Soloha, S., Bashkatova, N., Raus, I., Glutshenko, O., Ruban, Z., Prymak, N., Kiseleva, G., Lyall, H., Butler, K., Doerholt, K., Doherty, C., Harrison, I., Kenny, J., Klein, N., Letting, G., Mcmaster, P., Murau, F., Nsangi, E., Prime, K., Riordan, A., Shackley, F., Shingadia, D., Storey, S., Tudor-Williams, G., Welch, S., Cook, C., Dobson, D., Fairbrother, K., Le Prevost, M., Van Looy, N., Peters, H., Francis, K., Thrasyvoulou, L., Fidler, K., Bernatoniene, J., Manyika, F., Sharpe, G., Subramaniam, B., Hague, R., Price, V., Flynn, J., Cardoso, A., Abou-Rayyah, M., Yeadon, S., Segal, S., Hawkins, S., Dowie, M., Bandi, S., Percival, E., Eisenhut, M., Duncan, K., Anguvaa, L., Wren, L., Flood, T., Pickering, A., Murphy, C., Daniels, J., Lees, Y., Thompson, F., Williams, A., Williams, B., Pope, S., Libeschutz, S., Cliffe, L., Southall, S., Freeman, A., Freeman, H., Christie, S., Gordon, A., Hague, D. R., Clarke, L., Jones, L., Brown, L., Greenberg, M., Benson, C., Ibberson, L., Patel, S., Hancock, J., Sharland, M., Lyall, E. G. H., Seery, P., Kirkhope, N., Raghunanan, S., Callaghan, A., Bridgwood, A., Evans, J., Blake, E., and Yannoulias, A.

Subjects
Adult, Male, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Adolescent, Infant, HIV, HIV Infections, Eastern, Adolescents, Newborn, Thailand, Europe, malignancie, Neoplasms, malignancies, Humans, Children, Aged, Child, Europe, Eastern, Infant, Newborn
Abstract

Objectives: Investigate trends over time and predictors of malignancies among children and young people with HIV. Design: Pooled data from 17 cohorts in 15 countries across Europe and Thailand. Methods: Individuals diagnosed with HIV and presenting to paediatric care less than 18 years of age were included. Time at risk began at birth for children with documented vertically acquired HIV, and from first HIV-care visit for others. Children were followed until death, loss-to-follow-up, or last visit in paediatric or adult care (where data after transfer to adult care were available). Rates of reported malignancies were calculated overall and for AIDS-defining malignancies (ADM) and non-AIDS-defining malignancies (NADM) separately. Risk factors for any malignancy were explored using Poisson regression, and for mortality following a malignancy diagnosis using Cox regression. Results: Among 9632 individuals included, 140 (1.5%) were ever diagnosed with a malignancy, of which 112 (80%) were ADM. Overall, the rate of any malignancy was 1.18 per 1000 person-years; the rate of ADM decreased over time whereas the rate of NADM increased. Male sex, being from a European cohort, vertically acquired HIV, current severe immunosuppression, current viral load greater than 400 copies/ml, older age, and, for those not on treatment, earlier calendar year, were risk factors for a malignancy diagnosis. Fifty-eight (41%) individuals with a malignancy died, a median 2.4 months (IQR 0.6-8.8) after malignancy diagnosis. Conclusion: The rate of ADM has declined since widespread availability of combination ART, although of NADM, there was a small increase. Mortality following a malignancy was high, warranting further investigation.

Published
2021

25. Common Community-acquired Bacterial Skin and Soft-tissue Infections in Children: an Intersociety Consensus on Impetigo, Abscess, and Cellulitis Treatment

Author

Galli, L, Venturini, E, Bassi, A, Gattinara, Gc, Chiappini, E, Defilippi, C, Diociaiuti, A, Esposito, S, Garazzino, S, Giannattasio, A, Krzysztofiak, A, Latorre, S, Lo Vecchio, A, Marchisio, P, Montagnani, C, Nicolini, G, Novelli, A, Rossolini, Gm, Tersigni, C, Villani, A, El Hachem, M, Neri, I, Italian Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, Italian Pediatric Dermatology Society, Galli, L., Venturini, E., Bassi, A., Gattinara, G. C., Chiappini, E., Defilippi, C., Diociaiuti, A., Esposito, S., Garazzino, S., Giannattasio, A., Krzysztofiak, A., Latorre, S., Lo Vecchio, A., Marchisio, P., Montagnani, C., Nicolini, G., Novelli, A., Rossolini, G. M., Tersigni, C., Villani, A., El Hachem, M., and Neri, I.

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Impetigo, Consensus, abscess, impetigo, 02 engineering and technology, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Cochrane Library, celluliti, Erysipelas, Skin Diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, 0302 clinical medicine, cellulitis, children, treatment, Abscess, Bacterial Infections, Cellulitis, Child, Humans, Soft Tissue Infections, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, medicine, absce, Pharmacology (medical), Intensive care medicine, Pharmacology, business.industry, medicine.disease, Settore MED/38, Systematic review, Observational study, Orbital cellulitis, business
Abstract

Purpose The main objective of this article was to offer practical suggestions, given the existing evidence, for identifying and managing bacterial impetigo, abscess, and cellulitis in ambulatory and hospital settings. Methods Five Italian pediatric societies appointed a core working group. In selected conditions, specially trained personnel evaluated quality assessment of treatment strategies according to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies were included for quality assessment according to the GRADE methodology. MEDLINE, Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched with a strategy combining MeSH and free text terms. Findings The literature review included 364 articles focusing on impetigo, skin abscess, and cellulitis/orbital cellulitis. The articles included for quality assessment according to the GRADE methodology for impetigo comprised 5 RCTs and 1 observational study; for skin abscess, 10 RCTs and 3 observational studies were included; for cellulitis and erysipelas, 5 RCTs and 5 observational studies were included; and for orbital cellulitis, 8 observational studies were included. Recommendations were formulated according to 4 grades of strength for each specific topic (impetigo, skin abscesses, cellulitis, and orbital cellulitis). Where controversies arose and expert opinion was considered fundamental due to lack of evidence, agreement according to Delphi consensus recommendations was included. Implications Based on a literature review and on local epidemiology, this article offers practical suggestions for use in both ambulatory and hospital settings for managing the most common bacterial SSTIs.

Published
2019

26. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and subacute rhinosinusitis in children

Author

Esposito S, Principi N, Di Pietro P, Bona G, Longhi R, Navone C, De Luca G, Michelozzi C, Miniello V, Morelli M, Tel F, Traverso A, Tremolati E, de Martino M, Bosis S, Chiappini E, Galli L, Tovo P, Paravati F, Plebani A, Vierucci A, Barbato A, Marseglia G, Baldi F, Barberi S, Bellasio M, Boner A, Cuffari A, Decimo F, De Rosa M, Leo G, del Giudice MM, Piacentini G, Tripodi S, Di Mauro G, Brusoni G, Zuccotti GV, Passali D, Serra A, Pagnataro L, Belussi L, Marchisio P, Eandi M, Novelli A, Scaglione F, Nicoletti G, Speciale A.M. Pediatrics, Italian Society of Otorhinolaryngology, Italian Society of Chemotherapy, Italian Society of Microbiology, LONGO, GIORGIO, Esposito, S, Principi, N, DI PIETRO, P, Bona, G, Longhi, R, Navone, C, DE LUCA, G, Michelozzi, C, Miniello, V, Morelli, M, Tel, F, Traverso, A, Tremolati, E, DE MARTINO, M, Bosis, S, Chiappini, E, Galli, L, Tovo, P, Paravati, F, Plebani, A, Vierucci, A, Barbato, A, Marseglia, G, Baldi, F, Barberi, S, Bellasio, M, Boner, A, Cuffari, A, Decimo, Fabio, DE ROSA, M, Leo, G, Longo, G, MIRAGLIA DEL GIUDICE, Michele, Piacentini, G, Tripodi, S, DI MAURO, G, Brusoni, G, Zuccotti, Gv, Passali, D, Serra, A, Pagnataro, L, Belussi, L, Marchisio, P, Eandi, M, Novelli, A, Scaglione, F, Nicoletti, Giovanni Francesco, Speciale, Am, Di Pietro, P, De Luca, G, de Martino, M, Decimo, F, De Rosa, M, Longo, Giorgio, del Giudice, Mm, Di Mauro, G, Nicoletti, G, Pediatrics, Speciale A. M., Italian Society of, Otorhinolaryngology, Italian Society of, Chemotherapy, and Italian Society of, Microbiology

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, sinusitis, respiratory tract infection, Respiratory System Agents, MEDLINE, subacute rhinosinusiti, English language, Guidelines, Drug Administration Schedule, subacute rhinosinusitis, children, Terminology as Topic, medicine, Acute rhinosinusitis, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), rhinosinusitis, guidelines, Child, Sinusitis, Intensive care medicine, Rhinitis, Pharmacology, Settore MED/38 - Pediatria Generale e Specialistica, Human studies, business.industry, medicine.disease, Antibiotic treatment, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Surgery, Infectious Diseases, Oncology, El Niño, Settore BIO/14 - Farmacologia, business
Abstract

The importance of rhinosinusitis finally reached pediatricians' attention a few years ago, and it has now been demonstrated that it is medically important and has a considerable socioeconomic impact in childhood. These guidelines, which have been prepared with and approved by many Italian Scientific Societies, are based on the most recent findings in the fields of clinical symptoms, imaging and microbiology tests for the diagnosis of acute rhinosinusitis, and efficacy evidence concerning antibiotic treatment and non-antibiotic adjuvant treatment. A Pubmed search using the key words "sinusitis", "rhinosinusitis", "child" and "antibiotic treatment", and the limits "human studies" and "English language", led to the selection of more than 2,700 articles published between 1966 and 2007. These guidelines are based on the 125 that were considered truly relevant and reflect the most widely shared positions concerning the diagnosis and treatment of acute, subacute and recurrent rhinosinusitis in children.

Published
2008

27. Pathophysiology, favoring factors, and associated disorders in otorhinosinusology

Author

Gelardi, M., Marchisio, P., Caimmi, D., Incorvaia, C., Albertario, G., Bianchini, S., Caimmi, S., Celani, C., Esposito, Susanna Maria Roberta, Fattizzo, M., Fiorella, M. L., Frati, F., Labo, E., Leo, G., Licari, A., Marseglia, A., Piacentini, E., Pignataro, L., Quaranta, N., Tenconi, R., Torretta, S., Marseglia, G. L., and Principi, N.

Subjects
Atopy, Rhinosinusitis, Infections, Pathophysiology, Asthma, Otitis Media, Otolaryngology, Adenoids, Children, Nasal cytology, Otitis media, Risk Factors, Acute Disease, Chronic Disease, Paranasal Sinuses, Humans, Sinusitis, Child, Rhinitis
Abstract

The pathogenesis of rhinosinusitis (RS) is related to inflammation, caused by infections in the acute form of the disease but also by other agents in the chronic forms. Cytology allows to evaluate the defensive components, such as hair cells and muciparous cells, while the presence in the nasal mucosa of eosinophils, mast cells, bacteria and/or fungal hyphae, or spores indicates the nasal pathology. The anatomic and physiologic characteristics of the otorhinosinusal system account for the frequent concomitant involvement of the different components. The pivotal pathophysiologic sites are the ostiomeatal complex, the spheno-ethmoidal recess, and the Eustachian tube. The latter is the link with acute otitis media (AOM), which is the most common disease in infants and children and has major medical, social, and economic effects. Moreover, because of the strict relationship between upper and lower airways, nasal sinus disease may contribute to asthma and sinusitis may be considered as an independent factor associated with frequent severe asthma exacerbations. Concerning the role of allergy, the available data do not permit to attribute a central role to atopy in sinusitis and thus allergy testing should not be a routine procedure, while an allergologic evaluation may be indicated in children with OM, especially when they have concomitant rhinitis.

Published
2012

28. Bacterial contamination of saline nasal irrigations in children: An original research.

Author

Torretta, Sara, Mattina, Roberto, Talloru, Francesco, Sala, Giuliana, Cornelli, Serena, Bezze, Elena, and Marchisio, Paola

Abstract

Highlights • Nasal saline irrigations are widely used in clinical practice. • Bacterial contamination is frequent and develops early but not associated with infection. • Nonrespiratory bacteria are generally involved. • Bacterial translocation from health care professionals may be a source. • Respect of hygienic measures could decrease the risk of bacterial contamination. Microbiologic analysis of nasal saline irrigations (NSIs) used in hospitalized children was performed. Of 253 collected samples, 24.9% were positive, and the number of positive samples significantly increased over time (P <.001). Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequently detected bacterium (28.6%). None of the 118 patients who received NSIs developed a nasosinusal infection. Colonization by cutaneous and environmental germs is frequent and develops early. Hygienic measures should be advocated to reduce contamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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29. The presence of biofilm-producing bacteria on tonsils is associated with increased exhaled nitric oxide levels: preliminary data in children who experience recurrent exacerbations of chronic tonsillitis.

Author

Torretta, S, Marchisio, P, Drago, L, Capaccio, P, Baggi, E, and Pignataro, L

Subjects
*NITRIC oxide analysis, *ANALYSIS of variance, *BACTERIA, *BIOMARKERS, *BIOFILMS, *FISHER exact test, *LONGITUDINAL method, *TONSILLITIS, *TONSILS, *DISEASE relapse, *LOGISTIC regression analysis, *PILOT projects, *RELATIVE medical risk, *DATA analysis software, *DESCRIPTIVE statistics, *ODDS ratio, *DISEASE complications, *CHILDREN
Abstract

Background:It has been suggested that bacterial biofilms may be a causative factor in the aetiopathogenesis of chronic tonsillitis. Involvement of exhaled nitric oxide has been previously considered, with conflicting findings.Objective:A pilot study was performed to investigate the relationship between exhaled nitric oxide levels and the presence of tonsillar biofilm-producing bacteria in children with chronic tonsillitis.Method:Tonsillar biofilm-producing bacteria on bioptic specimens taken during tonsillectomy were assessed by means of spectrophotometry.Results:Analysis was based on 24 children aged 5–10 years (median, 7.5 years). Biofilm-producing bacteria were found in 40.9 per cent of specimens. The median exhaled nitric oxide level was 11.6 ppb (range, 3.2–22.3 ppb). There was a significant relationship between the presence of biofilm-producing bacteria and increased exhaled nitric oxide levels (p = 0.03). Children with exhaled nitric oxide levels of more than 8 ppb were at three times greater risk of developing tonsillar biofilm-producing bacteria than those with lower levels.Conclusion:Our findings suggest the possibility of discriminating children with chronic biofilm-sustained tonsillar infections on the basis of exhaled nitric oxide levels. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2015
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30. Rational use of antibiotics for the management of children's respiratory tract infections in the ambulatory setting: an evidence-based consensus by the Italian Society of Preventive and Social Pediatrics.

Author

Chiappini, Elena, Mazzantini, Rachele, Bruzzese, Eugenia, Capuano, Annalisa, Colombo, Maria, Cricelli, Claudio, Di Mauro, Giuseppe, Esposito, Susanna, Festini, Filippo, Guarino, Alfredo, Miniello, Vito Leonardo, Principi, Nicola, Marchisio, Paola, Rafaniello, Concetta, Rossi, Francesco, Sportiello, Liberata, Tancredi, Francesco, Venturini, Elisabetta, Galli, Luisa, and de Martino, Maurizio

Abstract

Background: Several guidelines for the management of respiratory tract infections in children are available in Italy, as well as in other European countries and the United States of America. However, poor adherence to guidelines and the sustained inappropriate use of antibiotics have been reported. In the outpatient setting, almost half of antibiotics are prescribed for the treatment of common respiratory tract infections. In Italy the antibiotic prescription rate is significantly higher than in other European countries, such as Denmark or the Netherlands, and also the levels of antibiotic resistance for a large variety of bacteria are higher. Therefore, the Italian Society of Preventive and Social Paediatrics organised a consensus conference for the treatment of respiratory tract infections in children to produce a brief, easily readable, evidence-based document. Methods: The conference method was used, according to the National Institute of Health and the National Plan Guidelines. A literature search was performed focusing on the current guidelines for the treatment of airway infections in children aged 1 month-18 years in the ambulatory setting. Results: Recommendations for the treatment of acute pharyngitis, acute otitis media, sinusitis, and pneumonia have been summarized. Conditions for which antibiotic treatment should not be routinely prescribed have been highlighted. Conclusion: This evidence-based document is intended to accessible to primary care pediatricians and general practice physicians in order to make clinical practice uniform, in accordance with the recommendations of the current guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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31. Modern management of juvenile recurrent parotitis.

Author

Capaccio, P, Sigismund, P E, Luca, N, Marchisio, P, and Pignataro, L

Subjects
PAROTITIS, AUTOANTIBODIES, BLOOD testing, ENDOSCOPIC surgery, ENDOSCOPY, MAGNETIC resonance imaging, POLYMERASE chain reaction, SALIVARY gland radiography, DISEASE relapse, COLOR Doppler ultrasonography, DATA analysis software, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, DISEASE complications, CHILDREN, THERAPEUTICS
Abstract

Aims:To evaluate modern diagnostic and therapeutic management of juvenile recurrent parotitis, and to show the benefits of operative sialoendoscopy on the basis of our experience in 14 patients and the results of others.Results:Ultrasonography is sensitive in detecting the pathological features of juvenile recurrent parotitis. Interventional sialoendoscopy is a safe and effective method of treating the disease. In our case series, after a mean follow-up time of 30 months only 5 patients experienced recurrence of symptoms, with a mean symptom-free period of 20 months.Conclusion:The use of modern, minimally invasive diagnostic tools such as colour Doppler ultrasonography, magnetic resonance sialography and sialoendoscopy represents a new frontier in the management of juvenile recurrent parotitis. Operative sialoendoscopy also has the important therapeutic benefit of reducing the number of recurrences of acute episodes of parotitis, thus giving patients a better quality of life until puberty. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2012
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32. Diagnostic accuracy of the nasal obstruction index in detecting adenoid hypertrophy in children without allergy

Author

Torretta, S., Marchisio, P., Esposito, S., Cappadona, M., Fattizzo, M., and Pignataro, L.

Subjects
*HYPERTROPHY, *PEDIATRICIANS, *OTOLARYNGOLOGISTS, *ENDOSCOPY, *PEDIATRIC diagnosis, *ALLERGY in children, *DISEASE prevalence, *ETIOLOGY of diseases, *NOSE diseases, *NASAL cavity, *DIAGNOSIS
Abstract

Abstract: Objective: We have previously compared the capacity of the nasal obstruction index (NOI) and nasal fiberoptic endoscopy (NFE) to detect adenoid hypertrophy (AH) in children and found no agreement between them. However, the prevalence of false positive results was significantly higher in children with allergic rhinitis (AR), thus suggesting that AR may be a possible causative factor. The aim of this study was to verify the diagnostic accuracy of the NOI in detecting AH by comparing NOI scores with NFE findings in a selected series of non-allergic children affected by nasal obstruction. Methods: This prospective study was carried out at the Outpatient Clinics of the Departments of Specialist Surgical Sciences and Maternal and Pediatric Sciences of the University of Milan, Italy, and involved 154 non-allergic children aged 3–12 years in whom otological diseases and/or perceived nasal obstruction led to the suspicion of adenoid obstruction. The diagnostic accuracy of NOI was tested at all of the thresholds obtained by combining all of the cut-off points of NFE and NOI. Results: Sixty-two percent of the children had otological diseases. The choanal opening was completely blocked by the adenoids in 40% of the children, whereas NOI indicated severe clinical obstruction in only 16%. The analysis of diagnostic accuracy showed that sensitivity and specificity were respectively 17–96% and 15–91% depending on the threshold, with no simultaneously acceptable sensitivity and specificity values at any threshold and AUC values of ≤0.7 at all thresholds. Conclusions: In comparison with NFE, the NOI seems to be inaccurate in detecting AH in non-allergic children with nasal obstruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2011
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33. Burden of influenza in healthy children and their households.

Author

Principi, N., Esposito, S., Gasparini, R., Marchisio, P., and Crovari, P.

Subjects
INFLUENZA, HEALTH, CHILDREN, HOUSEHOLDS, INFECTION, SCHOOLS
Abstract

Objective: A prospective, multicentre study was conducted to evaluate the burden of laboratory confirmed influenza in healthy children and their household contacts. Methods: The patients were enrolled in four emergency departments (EDs) and by five primary care paediatricians (PCPs) in different Italian municipalities 2 days a week between November 1, 2001 and April 30, 2002. The study involved 3771 children less than 14 years of age with no chronic medical conditions who presented with a respiratory tract infection in EDs or PCP outpatient clinics during the study period. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected for the isolation of influenza viruses and RNA detection. Information was also collected concerning respiratory illnesses and related morbidities among the study children and their household contacts. Results: influenza virus was demonstrated in 352 cases (9.3%). In comparison with the influenza negative children, those who were influenza positive had an older mean age, were more often attending day care centres or schools, more frequently experienced fever and croup, received more antipyretics, and had a longer duration of fever and school absence. Furthermore, their parents and siblings had more respiratory illnesses, received more antipyretics and antibiotics, needed more medical visits, missed more work or school days, and needed help at home to care for the ill children for a longer period of time. Conclusions: Influenza has a significant clinical and socioeconomic impact on healthy children and their families. Prevention strategies should also focus on healthy children regardless of their age because of their role in disease transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2004
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34. Epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Italian children.

Author

Principi, N and Marchisio, P

Subjects
*STREPTOCOCCUS pneumoniae, *ETIOLOGY of diseases, *DRUG resistance, *CHILDREN
Abstract

In Italy, data regarding the aetiological role, antibiotic resistance, and serotype distribution of isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae are scarce and based on very small population samples. We found that S. pneumoniae caused about 30% of lower respiratory tract infections and 15% of acute otitis media infections in Italian children. The incidence of S. pneumoniae meningitis in subjects aged 0–4 y was 1.1 × 100 000. In children <5 y of age with meningitis, the most common S. pneumoniae serotypes were, in rank order, 14, 6, 23, 1 and 4; among 53 nasopharyngeal carriers the most frequent serotypes were 6 and 19. The actual percentage of resistance of S. pneumoniae to penicillin is 10.2%, while for macrolides it reaches 25.5%. More data on the distribution of serotypes in Italian children are urgently needed in order to obtain a better understanding of the impact of the new pneumococcal vaccines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2000
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35. Perception, knowledge and attitude towards childhood fever: A survey among final-year medical students

Author

Gregorio P. Milani, Antonio Corsello, Marta Fadda, Ilaria Falvo, Maria Lorella Giannì, Gian Luigi Marseglia, Caterina Cuppari, Eugenia Bruzzese, Mario G. Bianchetti, Peter J. Schulz, Diego Peroni, Paola Marchisio, Elena Chiappini, Milani, G. P., Corsello, A., Fadda, M., Falvo, I., Gianni, M. L., Marseglia, G. L., Cuppari, C., Bruzzese, E., Bianchetti, M. G., Schulz, P. J., Peroni, D., Marchisio, P., and Chiappini, E.

Subjects
Pharmacology, fever, fever phobia, education, children, overtreatment, Pharmacology (medical), management
Abstract

Aims: Undue concerns about the consequences of fever and its inappropriate management have been documented worldwide among physicians. However, no data exist on medical students. We investigated the perception, knowledge and attitude towards childhood fever among final-year medical students. Methods: Between June and September 2021, final-year medical students of six Italian universities were invited to complete an online survey on their conceptions and attitude towards pharmacological and non-pharmacological management of childhood fever. History of relevant personal or second-hand experience with childhood fever was also addressed. Both quantitative and qualitative approaches were used. Results: Of 1095 (69%) final-year medical students, 756 completed the survey. Many students believe that high fever might cause brain damage, would recommend physical methods and alternate two drugs for fever. Most students do not think that fever has mainly beneficial effects. In Northern Italy, students are less likely to believe that fever might lead to brain damage (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.33-0.94), and in Southern Italy students are more likely to advise physical methods (OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.22-2.57) and less likely to believe that fever has mainly beneficial effects (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.39-0.77). History of a relevant personal episode of fever during childhood was not associated with these outcomes. Conclusions: Misconceptions about fever are common among final-year medical students in Italy. Cultural factors rather than individually learned traits might underlie these beliefs. Medical students are a promising target for educational interventions to improve childhood fever management.

Published
2022

36. Italian consensus on the therapeutic management of uncomplicated acute hematogenous osteomyelitis in children

Author

Teresa Mazzone, Silvia Garazzino, Alberto Villani, Barbara Bortone, Guido Castelli Gattinara, Fabio Cardinale, Daniele Ciofi, Giulia Trippella, Giovanni Beltrami, Paolo Tomà, Gian Maria Rossolini, Samantha Bosis, Marco Cirillo, Elisabetta Venturini, Chiara Tersigni, Luisa Galli, Annalisa Grandin, Paola Musso, Carlotta Montagnani, Elena Chiappini, R. M. Toniolo, Andrzej Krzysztofiak, Davide Vecchio, Marco Roversi, Daniele Donà, Claudia Tagliabue, Susanna Esposito, Sara Chiurchiù, Alessandra Ferrari, Antonietta Giannattasio, Sonia Bianchini, Luca Pierantoni, Livia Gargiullo, Elena Serrano, Paola Bernaschi, Giangiacomo Nicolini, Andrea Lo Vecchio, Daniele Deriu, Paola Marchisio, Silvio Boero, Elio Castagnola, Martina Ciarcià, Andrea Novelli, Elena Bozzola, Krzysztofiak, A., Chiappini, E., Venturini, E., Gargiullo, L., Roversi, M., Montagnani, C., Bozzola, E., Chiurchiu, S., Vecchio, D., Castagnola, E., Toma, P., Rossolini, G. M., Toniolo, R. M., Esposito, S., Cirillo, M., Cardinale, F., Novelli, A., Beltrami, G., Tagliabue, C., Boero, S., Deriu, D., Bianchini, S., Grandin, A., Bosis, S., Ciarcia, M., Ciofi, D., Tersigni, C., Bortone, B., Trippella, G., Nicolini, G., Lo Vecchio, A., Giannattasio, A., Musso, P., Serrano, E., Marchisio, P., Dona, D., Garazzino, S., Pierantoni, L., Mazzone, T., Bernaschi, P., Ferrari, A., Gattinara, G. C., Galli, L., and Villani, A.

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Paediatric osteomyeliti, medicine.drug_class, Antibiotics, Review, Pediatrics, RJ1-570, Drug Administration Schedule, Bone Infection, Antibiotic therapy, Bone infections, Children, Paediatric infectious diseases, Paediatric osteomyelitis, Paediatrics, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Child, Drainage, Humans, Osteomyelitis, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Anti-Bacterial Agent, Osteomyeliti, medicine, Intensive care medicine, Oral therapy, Young male, Pediatric, business.industry, medicine.disease, Settore MED/38, Inflammatory biomarkers, Paediatric infectious disease, Paediatric, Etiology, Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis, business, Bone infection, Human
Abstract

Background Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis (AHOM) is an insidious infection of the bone that more frequently affects young males. The etiology, mainly bacterial, is often related to the patient’s age, but it is frequently missed, owing to the low sensitivity of microbiological cultures. Thus, the evaluation of inflammatory biomarkers and imaging usually guide the diagnosis and follow-up of the infection. The antibiotic treatment of uncomplicated AHOM, on the other hand, heavily relies upon the clinician experience, given the current lack of national guidelines for the management of this infection. Methods A systematic review of the studies on the empirical treatment of uncomplicated AHOM in children published in English or Italian between January 1, 2009, and March 31, 2020, indexed on Pubmed or Embase search engines, was carried out. All guidelines and studies reporting on non-bacterial or complicated or post-traumatic osteomyelitis affecting newborns or children older than 18 years or with comorbidities were excluded from the review. All other works were included in this study. Results Out of 4576 articles, 53 were included in the study. Data on different topics was gathered and outlined: bone penetration of antibiotics; choice of intravenous antibiotic therapy according to the isolated or suspected pathogen; choice of oral antibiotic therapy; length of treatment and switch to oral therapy; surgical treatment. Conclusions The therapeutic management of osteomyelitis is still object of controversy. This study reports the first Italian consensus on the management of uncomplicated AHOM in children of pediatric osteomyelitis, based on expert opinions and a vast literature review.

Published
2021

37. Nasal nitric oxide in children with adenoidal hypertrophy: A preliminary study

Author

Torretta, S., Bossi, A., Capaccio, P., Marchisio, P., Esposito, S., Brevi, A., and Pignataro, L.

Subjects
*HYPERTROPHY, *NITRIC oxide, *ADENOIDS, *ALLERGIC rhinitis, *RESPIRATORY disease diagnosis, *AIRWAY (Anatomy), *INFLAMMATION, *BRONCHOSCOPY, *DISEASES, *DIAGNOSIS
Abstract

Abstract: Objective: Nasal nitric oxide, a mediator involved in upper airway inflammation, is impaired in children with allergic rhinitis and rhinosinusitis. Normal values are 200–450 parts per billion, but no data are available concerning its levels in children with adenoidal obstruction, predisposing to chronic nasosinusal inflammation. This study aimed to: (1) measure nasal nitric oxide levels in non-allergic children with adenoidal hypertrophy and (2) assess its possible relationship with the degree of adenoidal hypertrophy and other variable (gender, age, body max index, passive smoking exposure, recurrent acute otitis media, recurrent respiratory infections, and hypertrophy of nasal turbinates). Methods: Eighty-one children with suspected adenoidal hypertrophy underwent nasal fibroendoscopy to assess the degree of adenoidal hypertrophy, and nasal nitric oxide on-line measurements by means of a dedicated chemiluminescence analyser. Results: Nasal nitric oxide was successfully measured in 35 patients, most of whom had levels >450 parts per billion; the values were significantly higher (p =0.031) in children with non-obstructive adenoids. There was no significant correlation with any other variable. Conclusions: Preliminary data show above-normal nasal nitric oxide levels in children with adenoidal hypertrophy, especially those with non-obstructive adenoids. This suggests nitric oxide involvement in recurrent nasopharyngeal inflammation due to adenoidal hypertrophy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2010
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38. Clinical and socio-economic impact of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus infection on healthy children and their households.

Author

Esposito, S., Gasparini, R., Bosis, S., Marchisio, P., Tagliabue, C., Tosi, S., Bianchi, C., Crovari, P., and Principi, N.

Subjects
*INFLUENZA, *INFLUENZA viruses, *RESPIRATORY syncytial virus, *VIRUS diseases, *VACCINATION, *EMERGENCY medical services, *PUBLIC health
Abstract

This prospective study compared the clinical and socio-economic impact of laboratory-confirmed influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection on healthy children and their families. Among 1520 otherwise healthy children aged < 15 years attending the Emergency Department for acute conditions other than trauma, influenza viruses and RSV were found in 234 (15.4%) and 116 (7.6%; p < 0.0001) patients, respectively. The fact that influenza has a similar global clinical impact on the community to that of RSV infection, but represents a greater socio-economic burden, may contribute to broadening the acceptance of influenza vaccination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2005
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39. Rational use of antibiotics for the management of children's respiratory tract infections in the ambulatory setting: an evidence-based consensus by the Italian Society of Preventive and Social Pediatrics

Author

Francesco Rossi, Maria Chiara Colombo, Nicola Principi, Claudio Cricelli, Concetta Rafaniello, Giuseppe Di Mauro, Eugenia Bruzzese, Filippo Festini, Luisa Galli, Rachele Mazzantini, Maurizio de Martino, Annalisa Capuano, Elena Chiappini, Liberata Sportiello, Susanna Esposito, Paola Marchisio, Vito Leonardo Miniello, Alfredo Guarino, Francesco Tancredi, Elisabetta Venturini, Chiappini, E, Mazzantin, R, Bruzzese, Eugenia, Capuano, A, Colombo, M, Cricelli, C, Di Mauro, G, Esposito, S, Festini, F, Guarino, Alfredo, Miniello, Vl, Principi, N, Marchisio, P, Rafaniello, C, Rossi, F, Sportiello, L, Tancredi, F, Venturini, E, Galli, L, de Martino, M., Chiappini, Elena, Mazzantini, Rachele, Capuano, Annalisa, Colombo, Maria, Cricelli, Claudio, Di Mauro, Giuseppe, Esposito, Susanna, Festini, Filippo, Miniello, Vito Leonardo, Principi, Nicola, Marchisio, Paola, Rafaniello, Concetta, Rossi, Francesco, Sportiello, Liberata, Tancredi, Francesco, Venturini, Elisabetta, Galli, Luisa, and de Martino, Maurizio

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, Evidence-based practice, Respiratory tract infection, medicine.drug_class, Antibiotics, Guideline, Guidelines, Respiratory tract infections, Acute Pharyngitis, Antibiotic resistance, Anti-Bacterial Agent, Ambulatory Care, medicine, Humans, Child, Intensive care medicine, Sinusitis, Children, Evidence-Based Medicine, business.industry, Medicine (all), Antibiotic, Perinatology and Child Health, medicine.disease, Drug Utilization, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Pneumonia, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Ambulatory, business, Human
Abstract

Background: Several guidelines for the management of respiratory tract infections in children are available in Italy, as well as in other European countries and the United States of America. However, poor adherence to guidelines and the sustained inappropriate use of antibiotics have been reported. In the outpatient setting, almost half of antibiotics are prescribed for the treatment of common respiratory tract infections. In Italy the antibiotic prescription rate is significantly higher than in other European countries, such as Denmark or the Netherlands, and also the levels of antibiotic resistance for a large variety of bacteria are higher. Therefore, the Italian Society of Preventive and Social Paediatrics organised a consensus conference for the treatment of respiratory tract infections in children to produce a brief, easily readable, evidence-based document. Methods: The conference method was used, according to the National Institute of Health and the National Plan Guidelines. A literature search was performed focusing on the current guidelines for the treatment of airway infections in children aged 1 month-18 years in the ambulatory setting. Results: Recommendations for the treatment of acute pharyngitis, acute otitis media, sinusitis, and pneumonia have been summarized. Conditions for which antibiotic treatment should not be routinely prescribed have been highlighted. Conclusion: This evidence-based document is intended to accessible to primary care pediatricians and general practice physicians in order to make clinical practice uniform, in accordance with the recommendations of the current guidelines. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.

Published
2014

40. Exhaled nitric oxide levels in children with chronic adenotonsillar disease

Author

Lorenzo Pignataro, Sara Torretta, Werner Garavello, I.A. Clemente, Susanna Esposito, Maurizio Cappadona, Paola Marchisio, Torretta, S, Marchisio, P, Esposito, S, Garavello, W, Cappadona, M, Clemente, I, and Pignataro, L

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Cross-sectional study, Palatine Tonsil, Immunology, Tonsillitis, Nitric Oxide, Gastroenterology, Muscle hypertrophy, Predictive Value of Tests, Internal medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, Child, Children, Pharmacology, Analysis of Variance, business.industry, Exhalation, Hypertrophy, Pharyngeal Diseases, chronic tonsillitis, medicine.disease, Cross-Sectional Studies, medicine.anatomical_structure, Breath Tests, Italy, Exhaled nitric oxide ,children ,adenotonsillar disease, Child, Preschool, Predictive value of tests, Tonsil, Adenoids, Chronic Disease, Exhaled nitric oxide, exhaled nitric oxide, Female, business, Body mass index, Biomarkers
Abstract

Exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) is a highly reactive biological mediator that has recently been associated with chronic tonsillar disease in adults, but there are no published data concerning eNO levels in their pediatric counterparts. The aim of this study is to measure mean eNO levels in children with chronic adenotonsillitis or adenotonsillar hypertrophy, and assess the effects of potential confounding factors. Children aged 3-17 years were divided into three groups (chronic adenotonsillitis, adenotonsillar hypertrophy and controls). Their eNO levels were measured in accordance with the international guidelines, and their other clinical and anamnestic characteristics were recorded. The mean eNO level in the children with chronic adenotonsillitis was slightly higher than that in the other groups, but there was no statistically significant between-group difference. Age (p=0.009), allergy (p=0.05) and body mass index (p=0.03), but not the mean grade of adenoidal or tonsil hypertrophy, were all statistically related to mean eNO levels. These preliminary results indicate the lack of an increase in mean eNO levels in children with chronic adenotonsillar disease, with no substantial difference between children with chronic adenotonsillitis and those with adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Copyright © by BIOLIFE, s.a.s.

Published
2011

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