Search

Introduction There is a balance between oxidative stress, antioxidant capacity and immune response. Their roles in physiological and behavioural mechanisms are important for the maintenance of the organism’s internal equilibrium. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant effects of the exogenous alga Spirulina platensis (Arthrospira platensis) in a stress-induced rat model, and to describe its possible mechanism of action. Material and Methods Thirty-six adult male Sprague Dawley rats were separated into four groups: control (C), stress (S), S. platensis (Sp), and S. platensis + stress (SpS). The rats in groups Sp and SpS were fed with 1,500 mg/kg b.w./day Spirulina platensis for 28 days. All rats were exposed to prolonged light phase conditions (18 h light : 6 h dark) for 14 days. The SpS and S groups were exposed to stress by being kept isolated and in a crowded environment. Blood samples were obtained by puncturing the heart on the 28th day. The effect of stress on serum corticosterone, oxidative stress markers (TOS, TAC, PON1, OSI) and immunological parameters (IL-2, IL-4, IFN-ɣ) were tested. Also, the brain, heart, intestines (duodenum, ileum, and colon), kidney, liver, spleen, and stomach of the rats were weighed. Results Serum corticosterone levels were higher in the S group than in the C group, and significantly lower in the SpS group than in the S group. Mean total antioxidant capacity were lower in the S group than in the C group, and Spirulina reversed this change. Although not significantly different, IL-2 was lower in the S group than in the C group. However, in the SpS group, IL-2 increased due to Spirulina platensis mitigating effects of stress. Conclusion Male rats fed a diet with Spirulina platensis could experience significantly milder physiological changes during stress, although stress patterns may be different. Exogenous antioxidant supplements merit further investigation in animals and humans where the endogenous defence mechanism against stress may not be sufficient.

9 Pág. Departamento de Medio Ambiente y Agronomía​, The purpose of this study was to explore the usefulness of Great Shearwater (Ardenna gravis) as a bioindicator for biomonitoring programs for metal pollution. Three different metals were analysed in liver, kidney, and feathers, including cadmium, lead, and zinc. Glutathione-S-transferase, malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione, and catalase were assessed as oxidative stress biomarkers. Sex-related trends in metal accumulation also were evaluated. In liver and kidney, the mean concentrations of Zn (146.1 ± 5.14 and 108 ± 2.70 mg/kg, respectively) and Pb (0.19 ± 0.01 and 0.13 ± 0.01 mg/kg, respectively) in A. gravis were generally comparable to values reported in other studies. However, animals presented slightly higher concentrations of Cd (9.67 ± 0.65 in liver and 17.41 ± 0.84 mg/kg in kidney) than those reported in the same species sampled in Southern Atlantic waters. The slightly higher levels of Cd found in this study compared with other studies are probably affected by the location in Northern Atlantic waters (with different diet intake). In feathers, levels of Zn (70.70 ± 1.76 mg/kg) were lower than in other Ardenna shearwaters, whereas higher levels were found for Cd (0.16 ± 0.01 mg/kg) and Pb (0.84 ± 0.06 mg/kg). The lack of differences found between males and females could be influenced by the migration status, because both sexes stay in similar physiological conditions, with no laying eggs. Levels found in the feathers of the present study were related to concentrations in internal tissues below those which cause adverse effects in birds. Thus, feathers would appear as a potential noninvasive tool for metals biomonitoring in seabirds, because it is possible to quantify them. Baseline data of oxidative stress levels have been reported, both in liver and kidney, presenting no correlations with the levels of metals in these tissues. The low internal metal levels and the lack of correlations between oxidative stress metrics suggest a low risk of the environmental concentrations for seabirds.

This study was carried out to compare the egg quality, fatty acid (FA) profiles, and oxidative stability of yolks from hens maintained in cages and fed a conventional diet (CON), those fed a conventional diet with free access to outdoor grassy area (5 m2/hens) under free-range conditions (FR), and those fed an organic diet and free access to outdoor grassy area (10 m2/hens) under in organic system (ORG). Heavier eggs were produced by CON, while percentages of yolk and eggshell were greater in eggs of FR and ORG hens. The FR and ORG hens produced eggs that contained significantly more monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) but less polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) than CON hens. Eggs from FR and ORG hens had a lower concentration of PUFA n-6 because of less C18:2 n-6 (linoleic acid) and a higher percentage of PUFA n-3 (eicosapentaenoic acid). Consequently, the ratio of PUFA n-6 to n-3 for eggs from FR and ORG hens was healthier for consumers compared with CON. However, eggs from the ORG hens had a similar FA profile to those from the FR hens. No significant differences were noted in hypocholesterolaemic (HI), atherogenic (AI) and thrombogenic indexes. Antioxidant concentration was greatest in eggs from ORG hens (retinol-14.32 μg/g and α-tocopherol-98.7 μg/g/yolk). Thus, the oxidative stability of eggs measured after storage at 4°Cfor 15 or 30 days was improved. The best eggs in terms of nutritional value were from the ORG system in which hens lived in their natural environment. Keywords: antioxidants, conventional production, egg quality, free range production, malonaldehyde, organic production

Objective: Caspase-1 is implicated in several important inflammatory diseases and controls adipocyte differentiation and insulin sensitivity. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine and plays an important role in chronic inflammatory conditions. This study was planned to determine if there is any relationship between Caspase-1 and IL-10 levels in women with PCOS. Materials and methods: Forty-two women with PCOS and thirty-seven healthy controls were evaluated in this controlled clinical study. Caspase-1 and IL-10 levels, serum lipid sub-fractions, fasting glucose, fasting insulin and other hormones (gonadotropins, androgens), malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels were measured. Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) was used to estimate insulin resistance. Results: Free androgen index (FAI), HOMA-IR, MDA and Caspase-1 levels were significantly higher in subjects with PCOS. However, the women with PCOS had considerably lower GSH concentration levels than healthy subjects. Serum IL-10 levels were higher in study subjects than in controls, though it was statistically insignificant. Caspase-1 was positively associated with IL-10. Conclusion: These outcomes propose that Caspase-1 may have a role in triggering the processes leading to chronic low-grade inflammation in women with PCOS, independent of insulin resistance, androgen excess and oxidative stress. Nevertheless, the precise role of Caspase-1 in the pathogenesis of the disease remains to be elucidated. (C) 2020 Taiwan Association of Obstetrics & Gynecology. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Cabus, Umit; Kabukcu, Cihan; Oztekin, Ozer; Fenkci, Veysel] Pamukkale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Denizli, Turkey. [Fenkci, Semin] Pamukkale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Endocrinol & Metab, Denizli, Turkey. [Caner, Vildan] Pamukkale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med Genet, Denizli, Turkey. [Enli, Yasar] Pamukkale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Denizli, Turkey.

Introduction: Cisplatin is an antineoplastic agent widely used in the treatment of a variety of cancers. Ototoxicity is one of the main side-effects restricting the use of cisplatin. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective efficacy of gallic acid, in biochemical, functional and histopathological terms, against ototoxicity induced by cisplatin. Methods: Twenty-eight female Sprague Dawley rats were included. Rats were randomly assigned into four groups of seven animals each. Cisplatin group received a single intraperitoneal dose of 15 mg/kg cisplatin. Gallic acid group received intraperitoneal gallic acid at 100 mg/kg for five consecutive days. Cisplatin + gallic acid group received intraperitoneal gallic acid at 100 mg/kg for five consecutive days and a single intraperitoneal dose of 15 mg/kg cisplatin at 3rd day. A control group received 1 mL intraperitoneal saline solution for five consecutive days. Prior to drug administration, all rats were exposed to the distortion product otoacoustic emissions test. The test was repeated on the 6th day of the study. All rats were then sacrificed; the cochleas were removed and set aside for biochemical and histopathological analyses. Results: In cisplatin group, Day 6 signal noise ratio values were significantly lower than those of the other groups. Also, malondialdehyde levels in cochlear tissues were significantly higher, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities were significantly lower compared to the control group. Histopathologic evaluation revealed erosion in the stria vascularis, degeneration and edema in the connective tissue layer in endothelial cells, impairment of outer hair cells and a decrease in the number of these calls. In the cisplatin + gallic acid group, this biochemical, histopathological and functional changes were reversed. Conclusion: In the light of our findings, we think that gallic acid may have played a protective role against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in rats, as indicated by the distortion product otoacoustic emissions test results, biochemical findings and immunohistochemical analyses. Resumo: Introdução: A cisplatina é um agente antineoplásico amplamente usado no tratamento de vários tipos de câncer. A ototoxicidade é um dos principais efeitos colaterais que restringem o uso da cisplatina. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a eficácia protetora do ácido gálico, em termos bioquímicos, funcionais e histopatológicos, contra a ototoxicidade induzida por cisplatina. Método: Vinte e oito ratas Sprague-Dawley foram incluídas. As ratas foram distribuídas aleatoriamente em quatro grupos de sete animais cada. O grupo cisplatina recebeu uma única dose intraperitoneal de 15 mg/kg de cisplatina. O grupo ácido gálico recebeu ácido gálico via intraperitoneal a uma dose de 100 mg/kg durante cinco dias consecutivos. O grupo cisplatina + ácido gálico recebeu ácido gálico via intraperitoneal a uma dose de 100 mg/kg durante cinco dias consecutivos e uma única dose intraperitoneal de 15 mg/kg de cisplatina no terceiro dia. O grupo controle recebeu 1 mL de solução salina via intraperitoneal por cinco dias consecutivos. Antes da administração do fármaco, todos os ratos foram expostos ao teste de emissões otoacústicas - produto de distorção. O teste foi repetido no sexto dia do estudo. Todos os ratos foram então sacrificados; as cócleas foram removidas e reservadas para análises bioquímicas e histopatológicas. Resultados: No grupo cisplatina, os valores da relação sinal-ruído do dia 6 foram significativamente mais baixos aos dos outros grupos. Além disso, os níveis de malondialdeído nos tecidos cocleares foram significativamente mais altos, e as atividades de superóxido dismutase e glutatione peroxidase foram significativamente mais baixas em comparação com o grupo controle. A avaliação histopatológica revelou erosão na estria vascular, degeneração e edema na camada de tecido conjuntivo em células endoteliais, comprometimento das células ciliadas externas e diminuição do número dessas células. No grupo cisplatina + ácido gálico, estas alterações bioquímicas, histopatológicas e funcionais foram revertidas. Conclusão: Tendo em vista os nossos achados, consideramos que o ácido gálico pode ter desempenhado um papel protetor contra a ototoxicidade induzida por cisplatina em ratas, conforme indicado pelos resultados do teste emissões otoacústicas - produto de distorção, achados bioquímicos e análises imuno-histoquímicas. Keywords: Cisplatin-induced ototoxicity, Gallic acid, Oxidative stress, DPOAE, Palavras-chave: Ototoxicidade induzida por cisplatina, Ácido gálico, Estresse oxidativo, EOAPD

Background: Oxidative stress, genetic expression changes, and decomposition of the blood-brain barrier have been shown to be caused by exposure to radiofrequency radiation (RFR); therefore, the search for drugs or food products that offer some protection from these effects has attracted interest. Lepidium meyenii (maca) is a native Andean plant known for its effects on the female reproductive system as well as its immunomodulating, energizing, antioxidant, and nutritive properties due to its high concentration of alkaloids, amino acids, glucosinolates, fatty acids, and macamides. Objectives: We aim to determine the effect of dietary maca supplementation on spatial memory and cerebral oxidative damage in rats with induced menopause and/or with exposure to mobile phone radiation. Method: Female rats divided into 6 groups (six rats in each group): control or not ovariectomized (O-), ovariectomized (O+), ovariectomized + estrogen (O+E+), ovariectomized + estrogen + irradiated (O+E+I+), ovariectomized + maca (O+M+), and ovariectomized + maca + irradiated (O+M+I). Rat spatial memory was tested using the Morris water navigation task. Rats were sacrificed, and cerebral malondialdehyde was measured. Results: After exposure to mobile phone radiation, the group supplemented with maca showed improved spatial memory and lower levels of malondialdehyde than the estrogenized group. Conclusions: Our results suggest that consumption of maca has a positive effect on the maintenance of memory and decreases oxidative stress caused by mobile phone radiation. However, it is necessary to extend this work using a larger sample size. Resumen Antecedentes: El estrés oxidativo, los cambios en la expresión genética y la descomposición de la barrera hematoencefálica son causados por la exposición a la radiación de radiofrecuencia (RFR); por tanto, ha despertado interés la búsqueda de fármacos o productos alimenticios que ofrezcan alguna protección frente a estos efectos. Lepidium meyenii (maca) es una planta andina nativa conocida por sus efectos sobre el sistema reproductor femenino así como por sus propiedades inmunomoduladoras, energizantes, antioxidantes y nutritivas debido a su alta concentración de alcaloides, aminoácidos, glucosinolatos, ácidos grasos y macamidas. Objetivos: Determinar el efecto de la suplementación dietética con maca sobre la memoria espacial y el daño oxidativo cerebral en ratas con menopausia inducida y / o con exposición a la radiación de teléfonos móviles. Método: Ratas hembras divididas en 6 grupos (seis ratas en cada grupo): control o no ovariectomizadas (O-), ovariectomizadas (O +), ovariectomizadas + estrógeno (O + E +), ovariectomizadas + estrógeno + irradiadas (O + E + I +), ovariectomizado + maca (O + M +), y ovariectomizado + maca + irradiado (O + M + I). La memoria espacial de las ratas se probó utilizando la tarea de navegación acuática de Morris. Se sacrificaron ratas y se midió el malondialdehído cerebral. Resultados: Después de la exposición a la radiación del teléfono móvil, el grupo suplementado con maca mostró una memoria espacial mejorada y niveles más bajos de malondialdehído que el grupo estrogenizado. Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados sugieren que el consumo de maca tiene un efecto positivo en el mantenimiento de la memoria y disminuye el estrés oxidativo causado por la radiación del teléfono móvil. Sin embargo, es necesario ampliar este trabajo utilizando un tamaño de muestra más grande.

Drought is the most harmful environmental factor crop productivity. Some chemicals are used in agriculture to mitigate the damage from this stress on plants. Therefore, we examined whether the spraying of zinc sulfate (ZS), potassium phosphite (KPhi) and the hydrogen sulfide (H2S) donor sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) would mitigate the deleterious effects of water deficit on sunflower plants by analyzing physiological and biometric characteristics. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse using a randomized block design with five replications. The treatments were arranged in a 4 x 2 factorial scheme: [Factor A (Alleviators)] - spraying of KPhi (0.5 L ha-1), ZS (3.2 kg ha-1), NaHS (1.2 g ha-1), and water; [Factor B (substrate humidity, SH)] - 100% (well irrigated) and 30% (water deficit, WD) of field capacity. Under WD conditions, alleviators led to the maintenance of higher values of water potential (ΨW), a lower content of leaf malonaldehyde (MDA), and increased activity of the antioxidant enzyme peroxidase (POX), except for ZS. However, leaf osmotic potential, proline concentration, variables related to gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence, and biometric characteristics differed only according to the SH factor. The results of ΨW and MDA for sunflower plants under WD are indicative of the mitigating capacity of ZS, KPhi, and H2S. Thus, the spraying of these compounds on sunflower plants mitigates the effects of WD, acting specifically in physiological processes related to antioxidant responses and in the maintenance of water in leaf tissues. RESUMO A seca é o fator ambiental que mais prejudica a produtividade das culturas. Alguns produtos químicos têm sido utilizados na agricultura para mitigar os danos causados por esse estresse nas plantas. Portanto, examinamos se a pulverização dos compostos sulfato de zinco (ZS), fosfito de potássio (FP) e doador de sulfeto de hidrogênio (H2S) - hidrossulfeto de sódio (NaHS) - mitigam os efeitos deletérios do déficit hídrico em plantas de girassol, analisando características fisiológicas e biométricas. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação sob delineamento de blocos ao acaso com cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram arranjados em esquema fatorial 4 x 2: [Fator A (aliviadores)] - pulverização de FP (0.5 L ha-1), ZS (3.2 kg ha-1), NaHS (1.2 g ha-1), e água; [Fator B (umidade do substrato, US)] - 100% (bem irrigado) e 30% (déficit hídrico, DH) da capacidade de campo. Nas condições de DH, os aliviadores levaram à manutenção de maiores valores de potencial hídrico (ΨW), menor teor de malonaldeído foliar (MDA) e aumento da atividade da enzima antioxidante peroxidase (POX), exceto para ZS. Entretanto, o potencial osmótico foliar, a concentração de prolina, as variáveis relacionadas às trocas gasosas, fluorescência da clorofila a e as características biométricas diferiram apenas em função do fator US. Os resultados de ΨW e MDA em plantas de girassol sob DH são indicativos da capacidade mitigadora do ZS, FP e H2S. Assim, a pulverização desses compostos em plantas de girassol mitiga os efeitos do DH, atuando especificamente em processos fisiológicos relacionados a respostas antioxidantes e na manutenção de água nos tecidos foliares.

Our previous studies revealed that etomidate, a non-barbiturate intravenous anesthetic agent, has protective effects on retinal ganglion cells within 7 days after optic nerve transection. Whether this process is related to anti-oxidative stress is not clear. To reveal its mechanism, we established the optic nerve transection injury model by transecting 1 mm behind the left eyeball of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats received an intraperitoneal injection of etomidate (4 mg/kg) once per day for 7 days. The results showed that etomidate significantly enhanced the number of retinal ganglion cells retrogradely labeled with Fluorogold at 7 days after optic nerve transection. Etomidate also significantly reduced the levels of nitric oxide and malonaldehyde in the retina and increased the level of glutathione at 12 hours after optic nerve transection. Thus, etomidate can protect retinal ganglion cells after optic nerve transection in adult rats by activating an anti-oxidative stress response. The study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee at Air Force Medical University, China (approval No. 20180305) on March 5, 2018.

Highlights • AEME and cocaine decreased GPx, GR and GST activities after 3 and 6 h of exposure. • AEME and cocaine increased MDA after 48 h of exposure. • AEME-cocaine combination decreased GPx, GR and GST activities after 3 and 6 h. • AEME-cocaine combination showed an additive effect on MDA after 48 h of exposure. • A higher neurotoxic effect after crack cocaine use is suggested., Crack cocaine smokers inhale, alongside with cocaine, its pyrolysis product, anhydroecgonine methyl ester (AEME). We have previously described AEME neurotoxic effect and its additive effect when co-incubated with cocaine. Our aim was to evaluate, the effect of AEME, cocaine and AEME-cocaine combination on glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities after 3 and 6 h of exposure, periods previous to neuronal death. Lipid peroxidation was evaluated through malonaldehyde (MDA) levels at 3, 6, 24 and 48 h of exposure. All treated groups reduced neuronal viability after 24 h of exposure. AEME and cocaine decreased GPx, GR and GST activities after 3 and 6 h, with an increase in MDA levels after 48 h. AEME-cocaine combination decreased the enzymes activities after 3 and 6 h, showing an additive effect in MDA levels after 48 h. These data show that the glutathione-related enzymes imbalance caused by AEME, cocaine or AEME-cocaine combination exposure preceded neuronal death and lipid peroxidation. Moreover, the additive effect on lipid peroxidation observed with AEME-cocaine exposure after 48 h, suggest a higher neurotoxic effect after crack cocaine use when compared to cocaine alone.

The objective of this article is to analyze the effects of nerolidol and hesperidin treatment on surgically induced endometriosis in a rat model. Endometriosis was induced in 24 healthy adult female Wistar albino rats via homologous uterine horn transplantation. Three operations were performed on each rat. After the second operation, the rats were randomized into control, nerolidol, and hesperidin treatment groups, and medications were administered for 2 weeks. The effects of the drugs on the endometriotic foci were evaluated after the third operation. Compared with the endometriosis control group, the average volume of the lesions was significantly lower in rats treated with hesperidin and nerolidol. Malondialdehyde levels were significantly reduced in the nerolidol-treated group, and glutathione levels and superoxide dismutase activity were significantly elevated in the endometriotic foci of both the hesperidin- and nerolidol-treated groups compared with the endometriosis group. Hesperidin and nerolidol treatment also improved histological parameters, such as hemorrhage, vascular congestion, necrosis, and inflammatory cell infiltration in the endometriotic foci. The results of this study demonstrated that treatment with the potent antioxidants nerolidol and hesperidin caused a significant regression of surgically induced endometriotic foci in rats.摘要 本文的目的是在小鼠模型中分析橙花叔醇和橙皮苷治疗对手术后子宫内膜异位症的影响。通过同源子宫角移植在24只健康成年雌性Wistar白化鼠中诱发子宫内膜异位症。对每只小鼠进行三次手术。在第二次手术后, 将小鼠随机分为对照组, 橙花叔醇组和橙皮苷治疗组, 并给予药物治疗2周。在第三次手术后评估药物对子宫内膜异位灶的影响。与子宫内膜异位症组相比, 橙皮苷和橙花叔醇治疗组小鼠的病灶平均体积显著降低。在橙花叔醇处理组中, 丙二醛水平显著降低, 并且与子宫内膜异位症组相比, 橙花叔醇组和橙皮苷治疗组中子宫内膜异位灶中谷胱甘肽水平和超氧化物歧化酶活性显著升高。橙皮苷和橙花叔醇治疗也改善了子宫内膜异位病灶的组织学参数, 如出血, 血管充血, 坏死和炎性细胞浸润。该研究结果表明, 小鼠体内强效抗氧化剂橙花叔醇和橙皮苷能使治疗术后子宫内膜异位灶显著消退。.

Etoricoxib features antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties concomitantly, suggesting that it may be beneficial in testicular ischemia reperfusion (I/R) damage. Our aim is to investigate the effects of etoricoxib on testicular I/R damage induced with torsion-detorsion (TD). The etoricoxib + torsion-detorsion (ETD) groups of animals were given etoricoxib in 50 and 100 mg/kg of body weight (ETD- 50 and ETD-100), while the testes torsion-detorsion (TTD) and sham operation rat group (SOG) animals were given single oral doses of distilled water as a solvent. TTD, ETD-50 and ETD-100 groups were subjected to 720o degrees torsion for four hours, and detorsion for four hours. The SOG group was not subjected to this procedure. Biochemical, gene expression and histopathological analyses were carried out on the testicular tissues. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1?) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-?) were significantly higher, and the levels of total glutathione (tGSH) and glutathione reductase (GSHRd) were significantly lower in the TTD group, compared to the ETD-50, ETD-100 and SOG groups. Etoricoxib at a dose of 100 mg/kg better prevented I/R damage than the 50 mg/kg dose. Etoricoxib may be useful in clinical practice in the reduction of I/ R damage on testes caused by torsion-detorsion. © Copyright Korean J Physiol Pharmacol.

BACKGROUND: Our aim in this study was to compare the blood gas changes, the malondialdehyde (MDA) and endogenous antiox-idant glutathione (GSH) levels in blood and lung tissues after ischemia/reperfusion, the histopathological damage in lung tissue in rats provided respiratory support with mechanical ventilation after translaryngeal intubation and tracheostomy. METHODS: Group 1 rats were provided mechanical ventilator support after translaryngeal intubation, Group 2 mechanical ventilator support after tracheostomy, and Group 3 was the control group where rats were only anesthetized. Three groups were compared for blood gas changes, MDA, GSH, and histopathological changes. RESULTS: Blood gas evaluation showed a more marked increase in pO2 values and decline in pCO2 values in Group 2 than Group 1 (p0.05). In terms of histopathological scoring, the damage score in Group 1 was higher than in Group 2 (p

Vitamins play an essential role in broiler nutrition. They are fundamental for normal metabolic and physiological process, and their requirements for poultry are not fixed and can be affected by multiple factors. In contrast, mycotoxins are a challenging issue because they hinder performance and the immune system. Vitamin supplementation above minimum requirements would permit improvement in productive potential, health, bone and meat quality in a situation of mycotoxin challenge. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of optimum vitamin nutrition in diets contaminated with aflatoxin in broilers from 1 to 44 days of age. A total of 1800 Cobb 500 male chicks were randomized to 15 sets of eight treatment groups, each containing 15 birds using a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design (commercial vitamin levels and high vitamin levels, two levels of aflatoxin – 0 and 0.5 ppm with binder levels of 0 and 10 000 mg/kg). The mash diets were corn and soybean meal based, formulated according to commercial practices. Feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion were analyzed for birds from 1 to 44 days of age. To determine carcass characteristics (carcass yield, breast yield and leg yield) and black bone syndrome, two birds were slaughtered from each group at 45 days. Other analyses included breast tenderness, water loss by dripping and malonaldehyde concentrations. The results demonstrated that broilers that were fed high levels of vitamins showed better weight gain, feed conversion, carcass yield and breast yield than broilers that were fed diets with commercial vitamin levels (P < 0.05); also, broilers that were fed diets containing 0.5 ppm aflatoxin had lower weight gain, carcass yield and breast yield (P < 0.05). The use of 10 000 mg/kg of binder improved (P < 0.05) feed conversion throughout the rearing period. We conclude that aflatoxin negatively affects performance and carcass yield; however, feeding optimum vitamin nutrition improved these performance traits.

Graphical Abstract Unlabelled image, The study aims to investigate the effects of (-)-Linarinic acid (LA) and one of its derivatives (LAd) on brain injury induced by ischemia. Malonaldehyde (MDA) is determined as an index for lipid peroxidation both in vitro and vivo. Mice were pre-treated with LA and LAd for 3 d. Thereafter, they were induced to have incomplete cerebral ischemia with both bilateral carotid artery occlusion and hypotension (BCAOH). In the first part of the in vivo experiment, mice were divided into four groups: sham (control), ischemia, ischemia + LA (200 mg/kg, i.g.) and ischemia + LAd (200 mg/kg, i.g.). In the second part, the dose-response of LAd was investigated at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg i.g., respectively. A modified neurological severity score was developed for evaluating behavioral deficits of the mice with ischemia. Brains of the mice were excised in order to determinate MDA after ischemia for 6 h. Survival time, survival rate, neurological injury score and MDA level in brains were observed. Results were: 1) The data in vitro showed that both LA and LAd could inhibit the generation of MDA. IC50 values obtained by Probit analysis were 2.9 mM for LAd and 4.88 mM for LA; 2) BCAOH could significantly shorten the survival span, reduce the survival rate and cause neurological deficits, which were associated with high level of lipid hydroperoxide production in cerebral tissues; 3) LAd decreased lipid peroxidation and improved the neurological outcome more than LA. It is concluded that LAd offers a better neuroprotection than LA against brain damage caused by cerebral ischemia.

2-s2.0-85099804246 Objective: This study aims to determine the protective effects of apocynin, a NADPH oxidase inhibitor, and melatonin, an endogenous anti-oxidant, in an animal model of ovarian ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Materials/Methods: Thirty-five female rats were randomly divided into five groups, namely group I (sham), group II (I/R), group III (I/R + 10 mg/kg apocynin), group IV (I/R + 20 mg/kg apocynin), and group V (I/R + 10 mg/kg melatonin). Ovarian tissue and serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC) levels were measured. Ovarian histopathology was examined and Bax, caspase 3, and iNOS immunoreactivities were evaluated. Results: Preoperative apocynin and melatonin significantly increased SOD and CAT activities (P < 0.05, P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.05, P < 0.05, and P

The effects of silicon (Si) on temperature stresses were investigated in poinsettia. Well-rooted cuttings supplemented with and without Si were exposed to 40 &deg, C, and plants treated with or without Si during cutting propagation and cultivation were subjected to 4 &deg, C. The results showed that almost all the stomata of cuttings without Si supplementation were closed, while some of them were still open in cuttings supplemented with Si under a high temperature stress. However, Si was not able to alleviate stomatal closure of poinsettia under low temperature stress. The increased epicuticular wax might contribute to enhanced resistance of poinsettia to low temperature stresses. In addition, poinsettia maintained a higher photosynthetic rate and lower malonaldehyde and hydrogen sulfide concentrations when supplemented with Si under high and low temperature stresses, which might contribute to lower APX activities. Overall, temperature stresses had negative impacts on the physiological characteristics of poinsettia, while Si could alleviate some effects of temperature stresses.

DOGAN, GOKSEL/0000-0002-4583-3140; CINAR KUL, Bengi/0000-0002-8955-0097, WOS: 000510017700006, PubMed: 31504752, In vitro culture under atmospheric oxygen puts embryos under oxidative stress and impairs preimplantation development. However, to what extent this process alters the redox balance in the perinatal period remains largely unknown. the aim of the present study was to examine if the redox balance is altered in the lung tissue of fetuses generated through transfer of mouse embryos exposed to atmospheric oxygen at different stages of development and to determine if this has any effect on lung morphogenesis and gene expression. Two experimental groups (EGs) were generated by transferring in vitro- and in vivo-derived blastocysts to pseudo-pregnant females. in vivo-developed fetuses served as control. Enzymatic/nonenzymatic antioxidants, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, total antioxidant capacity, stage of lung development and gene expression were evaluated on day 18 of pregnancy. Weight of fetuses was significantly less in both experimental cohorts (ANOVA, P < 0.001 versus control), associated with delayed lung development, higher amounts of MDA (ANOVA, P < 0.001 versus control) and altered expression of several genes in oxidative stress/damage pathways. Evidence gathered in the present study indicates that pre-implantation stress caused by culture under atmospheric oxygen, even for a short period of time, leads to fetal growth restriction, impaired lung development and redox balance along with dysregulation of several genes in oxidative stress response. Absence of an EG in which in vitro embryo culture was performed at 5% oxygen and the use of genetically heterogeneous F2 fetuses are the limitations of the study. in any case, the long-term impact of such dramatic changes in the developmental programming of resulting fetuses warrants further investigations., Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUB.ITAK)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [112O259], This work was funded by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUB.ITAK, Project no: 112O259).

Introduction: Ototoxicity refers to cellular damage or function impairment developing in the inner ear in association with any therapeutic agent or chemical substance, and still represents the principal side-effect restricting the use of cisplatin. Objective: The aim of this study was to perform a biochemical, functional and histopathological investigation of the potential protective effect of eugenol against cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. Methods: The study was performed with 24 female Sprague Dawley rats. Distortion product otoacoustic emissions tests were performed on all animals, which were randomized into four equal groups. A single intraperitoneal dose of 15 mg/kg cisplatin was administered to cisplatin group, while the eugenol group received 100 mg/kg eugenol intraperitoneal for five consecutive days. 100 mg/kg eugenol was administered to cisplatin + eugenol group for 5 days. On the third day, these rats were received a single dose of 15 mg/kg cisplatin. The control group was given 8 mL/kg/day intraperitoneal saline solution for five days. The distortion product otoacoustic emissions test was repeated 24 h after the final drug administration. All animals were sacrificed, and the cochleas were subsequently used for biochemical and histopathological examinations. Results: Cisplatin caused oxidative stress in the cochlea, impaired the cochlear structure and significantly reduced signal noise ratio levels. Administration of eugenol together with cisplatin reversed these effects and provided functional, biochemical and histopathological protection. Conclusion: The study findings represent the first indication in the literature that eugenol may protect against ototoxicity by raising levels of antioxidant enzymes and lowering those of oxidant parameters. © 2018 Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial, This study was performed in accordance with the PHS Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, the NIH Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, and the Animal Welfare Act (7 U.S.C. et seq.); the animal use protocol was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of Ataturk University.

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of systemic cyclophosphamide treatment on the rat uterus and investigate the potential therapeutic effects of natural antioxidant preparations curcumin and capsaicin against cyclophosphamide side effects. Methods: A 40 healthy adult female Wistar albino rats were used in this study. Rats were randomly divided into four groups to determine the effects of curcumin and capsaicin against Cyclophosphamide side effects on the uterus (n=10 in each group); Group 1 was the control group (sham-operated), Group 2 was the cyclophosphamide group, Group 3 was the cyclophosphamide + curcumin (100mg/kg) group, and Group 4 was the cyclophosphamide + capsaicin (0.5 mg/kg) group. Results: Increased tissue oxidative stress and histological damage in the rat uterus were demonstrated due to the treatment of systemic cyclophosphamide chemotherapy alone. The level of tissue oxidant and antioxidant markers and histopathological changes were improved by the treatment of curcumin and capsaicin. Conclusion: Cytotoxic effects of natural alkylating chemotherapeutic agents like cyclophosphamide on the uterus can be prevented by curcumin and capsaicin. © 2018, Sociedade Brasileira para o Desenvolvimento de Pesquisa em Cirurgia. All rights reserved.

In our study, the effect of hesperetin on inflammatory and oxidative status in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced experimental colitis model was investigated through different methods. Eighteen Wistar albino male rats were divided in to three groups: Group I (Control, n = 8; 1 ml physiological saline), Group II (Colitis, n = 8; 1 ml TNBS), Group III (Hesperetin, n = 8; 1 ml TNBS and 100 mg/kg hesperetin). Macroscopic and microscopic scores were calculated to determine the damage to the colon at the end of the experiment. Serum tumor necrosis factor-? (TNF-?) and tissue interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were determined using the ELISA method. Myeloperoxidase (MPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were investigated spectrophotometrically. The TUNEL method was used for the detection of apoptotic cells in the colon tissue. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nuclear factor-kappa-B (NF-??) expression in the colon were determined immunohistochemically. Hesperetin administration has shown to significantly reduce levels of MPO, MDA, and proinflammatory agents (TNF-?, IL-6, and NF-??). It has also been proven to inhibit mucosal apoptosis. This study indicates that hesperetin is protective against TNBS-induced colitis model via antiinflammatory, antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects. © 2018 by the C.M.B. Association. All rights reserved. We acknowledge Scientific Research Project Department of Namık Kemal University for the grant given under project code NKUBAP.02.GA.17.085.

Objective: Unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) may cause neurotoxicity in preterm neonates due to immaturity of UGT1A1 leading to bilirubin accumulation in the brain. Caffeine used in the treatment of apnea of prematurity was reported to decrease mechanical ventilation requirement, the frequencies of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, patent ductus arteriosus, cerebral palsy and neurodevelopmental disorders in very low birth weight infants. However, the effect of caffeine on hyperbilirubinemia was not yet clarified. Methods: We used astrocyte cell cultures obtained from 2-day-old Wistar albino rats via modified Cole and de Vellis method. UCB concentration toxic to 50% of astrocytes, and caffeine concentration increasing cell viability 100% were used in experiments. While no medication was applied to the control group, UCB (50 μM) and caffeine (100 μM) were applied to the bilirubin and caffeine groups for 24 h. Prophylactic and therapeutic caffeine groups were treated with caffeine 4 h before and after UCB exposure. The effects of caffeine were investigated in rat astrocytes exposed to UCB in terms of cell viability, apoptosis, antioxidant defense, proinflammatory cytokines, and Toll-like receptor (TLR)s. Results: Compared to the control group, UCB increased apoptosis, malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, total nitrate/nitrite, and TLR4 levels, and decreased cell viability, catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, glutathione, and TLR9 levels (for all p

In this computational study we explore the photodynamics of malonaldehyde and compare it to that of the homologous acetylacetone. Upon photoexcitation to the bright S 2 ( π π ∗ ) state malonaldehyde relaxes to the S 1 ( n π ∗ ) state on an ultrashort time scale. Once in the S 1 ( n π ∗ ) state the population of malonaldehyde splits. Part of the population undergoes internal conversion to the ground state by deplanarization of the H-chelate ring, while the other part crosses to the triplet manifold. The comparison with acetylacetone reveals a substantial increase of the internal conversion pathways, from less than 20% in acetylacetone to 40% in malonaldehyde. We show that the substitution of the aliphatic hydrogens by the methyl groups reduces the accessibility of the S1/S0 conical intersection seam in acetylacetone. The system then crosses to the triplet manifold and homolytic C–CH3 bond cleavage takes place.

Diabetes and related neurological complications are serious worldwide public health problems. The increasing number of affected individuals make it necessary to implement novel nutritional and therapeutic interventions. The tree Moringa oleifera (MO) has been used as a food source and for traditional medicine purposes due to possible antihyperglycemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and lipid regulating properties. These properties may be explained by the presence of numerous phytochemicals in the leaves, fruits, roots and, oil of the tree. The evidence for acute antihyperglycemic effects of MO extract on diabetic animal models seems to be robust, but more chronic and long-term studies are needed. In contrast, the hypoglycemic effects of MO on humans are not as clear. The scarce number of human studies, together with a diverse range of methodologies and MO doses, may explain this. In addition, evidence regarding changes in insulin levels due to MO intervention is ambiguous, both in animal and human studies. Therefore, more structured studies are needed to clarify if MO has an effect on insulin levels or activity. © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

For ages, lichens have long been investigated popularly for biological roles, mainly antitumor, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Many positive results were obtained in these previous research. Thus, in this study, we aimed to determine whether extracts of Usnea articulata (UAE) and Usnea filipendula (UFE) possessing a protection against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced genotoxic and oxidative damage. The results of our studies showed that 5 μM concentrations of AFB1 increased the frequencies of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). However, when 5, 10 and 20 µg/mL concentrations of UAE and UFE was added to AFB1, the frequencies of SCE and MDA level were decreased and SOD, GSH and GPx level were increased. The Ames ( Salmonella typhimurium TA1535, TA1537) and WP2 ( Escherichia coli) test systems carried out evinced that UAE and UFE possess any mutagenicity, but have antimutagenic effects. Consequently, the results of this experiment have clearly shown that UAE and UFE have strong antioxidative and antigenotoxic effects that are associated with its antioxidant nature. A detailed study can be performed to determine the antioxidant properties of each compound that will extend the use of lichen extracts in food and pharmacy industries.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between oxidative/antioxidative stress markers and the diagnosis and complexity of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with stable CAD. Methods: A total of 145 patients were enrolled in the study. Based on coronary angiography results, the patients were categorized into 2 groups: those without CAD (Group 1) and those with CAD (Group 2). The patients in Group 2 were also categorized into low score and moderate/high score groups according to their SYNTAX score. The serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) levels of Group 1 and Group 2 were compared. Finally, MDA and TAOC levels were compared between the moderate/high-risk and low-risk groups formed according to SYNTAX score. Results: There was a significant difference with respect to both serum TAOC and MDA levels between Group 1 and Group 2 (p=0.036 and p=0.029, respectively). The groups with a SYNTAX score 1-22 and with a SYNTAX score >22 were not significantly different with respect to serum TAOC or MDA level (p=0.582 and p=0.85, respectively). Conclusion: The serum MDA level was significantly higher and the TAOC level was significantly lower in patients with stable CAD compared to those without; however, these molecule levels failed to predict disease complexity in patients with stable CAD.

Background Acute mesenteric ischemia is a life-threatening clinical entity. 2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) is a membrane-permeable modulator of intracellular inositol triphosphate-induced calcium release. We investigated the effects of different 2-APB doses on intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in an experimental rat model. Methods We divided 24 Wistar albino rats into four groups: sham, control, ischemia-reperfusion +2 mg/kg 2-APB, and ischemia-reperfusion +4 mg/kg 2-APB. The sham group only underwent laparotomy for 1 h 30 min. A 30-min period of mesenteric ischemia was induced in the control and two treatment groups, followed by 1 h of reperfusion. Before the laparotomy, 2 mg/kg and 4 mg/kg 2-APB was administered i.v. in the treatments groups, and blood samples were collected after reperfusion. Serum levels of malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, total antioxidant capacity, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and interleukin-6 were analyzed. Intestinal tissues were taken for histopathological, DNA fragmentation, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling analyses to determine the proportion of apoptotic cells. Results 2-APB reduced serum malondialdehyde, TNF-alpha, and interleukin-6 levels. However, superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity levels increased significantly in the 4-mg/kg 2-APB group (p < 0.05). The intestinal histopathological injury scores were significantly higher in the control group; these injuries were prevented in the 4-mg/kg 2-APB dose group. DNA damage after ischemia-perfusion decreased significantly in the 4-mg/kg 2-APB group compared with the control group. Conclusion 2-APB decreases oxidative stress and cell injury. Administering 4 mg/kg 2-APB prevented ischemia-perfusion injury by diminishing histological damage.

Amifostine (AMI) has been used for the prevention of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in several experimental and a few clinical studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of AMI on lipid peroxidation, protective enzymes, and mitoxantrone (MITO)-induced acute cardiotoxicity in the rat heart using biochemical tests and histopathological examinations.Thirty-six rats were divided into six groups (n=6 in each). Control rats were given intraperitoneal (i.p.) serum saline and AMI group rats were given 200 mg/kg AMI i.p. Rats received MITO-2.5 and 5 mg/kg i.p. in the MITO-2.5 and MITO-5 groups. AMI 200 mg/kg i.p. was administered 30 min. before the same doses of MITO in the MITO-2.5+AMI and MITO-5+AMI groups.The levels of cardiac enzymes such as creatinine phosphokinase-myocardial band and cardiac troponin T did not change. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels increased in MITO groups compared to controls. Catalase and glutathione (GSH) levels in the MITO and MITO+AMI groups were higher than in controls. Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase levels were not different between MITO groups and controls. There was no difference in MDA levels between MITO+AMI groups and controls. Calcium deposition was not detected. The scores of fibrosis, apoptosis, inflammation, and degeneration in MITO groups were higher than in controls. The scores of fibrosis, degeneration and inflammation in MITO+AMI groups were lower.MITO caused lipid peroxidation and myocardial damage, and the myocardium increased catalase and GSH levels to prevent this damage. AMI can protect against MITO-induced acute cardiotoxicity, decreasing myocardial damage and lipid peroxidation.AMAÇ: Amifostin (AMI) doksorubisinin yol açtığı kardiyotoksisiteden korunmada çeşitli deneysel ve bir kaç klinik çalışmada kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Sıçan kalbindeki lipid peroksidasyonu, koruyucu enzimler ve mitoksantronun (MITO) yol açtığı akut kardiyotoksisite üzerinde AMI’nin etkilerini biyokimyasal ve histopatolojik incelemeler ile araştırmaktı. YÖNTEMLER: Her bir grupta 6 sıçan olmak üzere 36 sıçan 6 gruba bölündü. İntraperitoneal (ip) olarak kontrol grubuna serum fizyolojik ve AMI grubuna 200 mg/kg AMI verildi. MITO 2.5 ve 5 gruplarındaki sıçanlar ip MITO 2.5 ve 5 mg/kg aldı. MITO 2.5+AMI ve MITO 5+AMI gruplarında aynı dozlarda MITO’dan 30 dk önce 200 mg/kg AMI uygulandı.Kretainin fosfokinaz-miyokardial bant ve kardiyak troponin T gibi kardiyak enzimlerin düzeyi değişiklik göstermedi. MITO gruplarındaki malondialdehid (MDA) düzeyleri kontrollere kıyasla yüksekti. MITO ve MITO+AMI gruplarındaki katalaz ve glutatyon düzeyleri kontrollerden yüksekti. MITO+AMI ve kontroller arasında süperoksit dismutaz ve glutatyon peroksidaz düzeyleri bakımından fark yoktu. Kalsiyum birikimi saptanmadı. Fibrozis, dejenerasyon ve inflamasyon skorları MITO+AMI gruplarında daha düşüktü. SONUÇ: MITO lipid peroksidasyonu ve miyokardiyal zaralanmaya neden olurken miyokardiyum bu zaralanmadan korunmak için katalaz ve GSH düzeylerini arttırmaktadır. AMI miyokardiyal zararlanma ve lipid peroksidasyonu azaltarak MITO’nun yol açtığı akut kardiyotoksisiteye karşı koruyucu olabilmektedir.

The aim of this study was to evaluate different antioxidants-supplemented freeze-dried egg yolk based extenders for the post-thawing quality and incubation resilience of goat spermatozoa. Pooled semen were diluted in a two-step dilution method to a final concentration of 1/5 (semen/extender) in control and antoxidant supplemented freeze-dried extenders (methionine, cysteamine and butylated hydroxytoluene). Semen samples were assessed for sperm motility, plasma membrane functional integrity using hypoosmotic swelling test (HOST), damaged acrosome using FITC-Pisum sativum agglutinin (PSA-FITC) and DNA integrity using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL). Membrane lipid peroxidation status was also analyzed using the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration. In the study, antioxidant supplemented freeze-dried egg yolk based extenders have beneficial effect on goat sperm parameters. In addition, we achieved a higher quality in post thawed goat semen even after 6 h incubation when the extender was supplemented by 5 mM BHT or cysteamine.

Objective To explore relationships between total antioxidant gap and lipid peroxidation with respect to the disease severity of Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which may have further implications in understanding rheumatoid pathology and therapeutic management of the disease. Method The present of study was designed to investigate the relationship between antioxidant gap and certain antioxidant parameters with disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis patients. A significantly increased lipid peroxidation, measured as malondialdehyde (MDA), was demonstrated in the plasma of rheumatoid arthritis patients. Results MDA was observed in RA patients (0.98±0.34 μmol/L) than those found in controls (0.98±0.34 μmol/L). The antioxidant gap was significantly decreased. total antioxidant gap (0.34±0.14 mmol/L) and total antioxidant capacity (1.34±0.16 mmol/L) were significantly lower in RA patients as compared to healthy controls (0.76±0.33 and 1.78±0.35 mmol/Lrespectivel). Discussion The excessive production of ROS disturbs redox status including antioxidant gap and can exacerbating inflammation and affecting tissue damage in RA, as exemplified by their strong association with disease activity.

1. The current study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with vitamin E (as alpha-tocopherol acetate), dried rosemary leaves and rosemary volatile oil on the performance, meat quality (measured as sensory variables, pH, colour, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, and bacteria count) and serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in broilers fed on maize-soybean meal based diets. 2. A total of 800 broiler chicks were randomly allocated to 8 dietary treatments, which were set up with 1 control group and 7 experimental groups. The control group (VitE1) was given a basal diet including 50 mg/kg alpha-tocopherol acetate, while the experimental groups were given 5 x 7 g/kg rosemary plant (R1), 8 x 6 g/kg plant (R2), 11 x 5 g/kg plant (R3), 100 mg/kg plant oil (RO1), 150 mg/kg plant oil (RO2), 200 mg/kg plant oil (RO3) or 200 mg/kg alpha-tocopherol acetate (VitE2). 3. Although there were no statistical differences observed for feed consumption, other performance variables including live weight gain, feed efficiency and carcase yield were significantly affected. The addition of rosemary volatile oil had more effect on the performance variables than did the rosemary plant itself. 4. As a measure of meat shelf life, TBA analyses were performed on the meat samples on d 1, 3 and 5 after culling. Meat MDA levels of groups fed diets with rosemary and rosemary volatile oil were significantly lower than that of groups fed diets containing alpha-tocopherol acetate alone. 5. Significant differences were also seen between the control and experimental groups for meat colour and meat pH values as well as for sensory analyses. 6. Microbiological analyses conducted at the end of the experiment showed that E. coli counts were significantly reduced in meat samples from the experimental groups. 7. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with rosemary and its volatile oil improved broiler meat quality. Moreover growth performance was positively affected by the rosemary volatile oil supplementations.

Purpose: Mannitol is used as a treatment for ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury of various organs in humans, despite the fact that its effectiveness in vivo is still disputed. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of mannitol on acute lung injury (ALI) induced by infrarenal aortic occlusion. Methods: Male Wistar-albino rats were allocated into five groups: (i) sham-operated group, which received a laparotomy without IR injury (n = 12); (ii) IR group, which received 3 h of ischemia followed by 2 h of reperfusion (n = 12); (iii) IR + inferior caval phlebotomy (ICP) group, which was identical to group 2 except for 1 ml of blood aspiration from the inferior caval vein (n = 12); (iv) IR + mannitol-treated group, for which rats were subjected to IR and received a bolus injection of mannitol (n = 12); and (v) IR + ICP + mannitol-treated group, which underwent the same procedures as described for the previous groups. Arterial blood gas parameters were studied and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed. Evans blue dye was injected into half of the rats. We biochemically assessed the degree of pulmonary tissue injury by investigating oxidative stress markers and enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant markers, and evaluated ALI by establishing pulmonary leukosequestration and ALI scoring, histopathologically. Pulmonary edema was estimated by using Evans blue dye extravasation and wet/dry weight ratios. Results: Hypertonic mannitol treatment significantly reduced oxidative stress markers, and significantly increased enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant markers in the lung tissues (P < 0.05). Arterial blood gas parameters were significantly ameliorated (P < 0.05), the BAL cytology was significantly better (P < 0.05), pulmonary leukosequestration and ALI scores were significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and pulmonary edema was significantly alleviated (P < 0.05) by mannitol administration. Conclusion: This study clearly showed that mannitol treatment significantly attenuated the aortic IR-induced ALI. Further clinical studies are required to clarify whether mannitol has a useful role in ALI during surgeries in which IR-induced organ injury occurs. © 2011 Springer.

Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate the protective effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) in rat pups with hypoxia/ reoxygenation (H/R)-induced bowel injury. Methods: One-day-old Wistar albino rat pups (n = 21) were randomly divided into 3 groups: group 1 (control, untreated and not exposed to H/R, n = 7), group 2 (untreated but exposed to H/R, n = 7), and group 3 (EGb 761 + H/R, n = 7). Ginkgo biloba extract was administered (100 mg/kg per day, subcutaneously) to group 3 for 3 days. On the fourth day, all animals except controls were exposed to H/R and were killed 6 hours after H/R. Histopathologic injury scores (HIS), malondialdehyde, glutathione (GSH), GSH-peroxidase (Px) activities, and nitric oxide (NO) levels were measured on intestinal samples. Results: Although the control group had normal HIS, group 2 had grade 3 HIS. In contrast, group 3 had minimal HIS, and these results were significantly better than those of group 2 (P < .001). Malondialdehyde and NO levels of group 3 were significantly lower than those of group 2 (P < .01). Glutathione and GSH-Px activities of group 1 were higher than those of groups 2 and 3 (P < .05). However, there were no significant differences for GSH and GSH-Px activities between groups 2 and 3. Conclusions: This study showed that hypoxia and NO contributed to the pathogenesis of H/R-induced intestinal injury and that prophylactically administered EGb 761 had a protective effect on bowel injury. © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The chemical composition of European squid (Loligo vulgaris) mantles and tentacles and the lipid oxidation during frozen storage at three different temperatures (-20°, -40° and -80 °C) were investigated. The moisture, fat, protein and ash contents of tentacles were 80.72%, 1.44%, 16.16% and 1.63% while the same contents for mantle were 78.54%, 1.37%, 18.52% and 1.45% respectively. The initial free fatty acidity (FFA), peroxide (PV) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values of tentacles were 1.17%, 1.80 meq O2/kg fat and 0.80 mg malonaldehyde/kg respectively. The same results for mantles were 1.38%, 2.20 meq O2/kg fat and 0.73 mg malonaldehyde/kg respectively. PV and TBARS values increased with the storage time for all samples and higher storage temperature resulted with higher PV and TBARS values. The initial fatty acid compositions of L. vulgaris mantles were 29.95% saturated (SFAs), 9.95% monounsaturated (MUFAs) and 59.31% polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and tentacles were 34.16% SFAs, 10.69% MUFAs and 55.15 PUFAs. SFAs content were increased but MUFAs and PUFAs contents were decreased during frozen storage of mantles and tentacles. © Association of Food Scientists & Technologists (India) 2010.

Edible plants such as sweet potato are sources of natural antioxidants that can be exploited in the management and treatment of insulin resistance. This present study investigated the effects of the extracts of an orange-fleshed sweet potato on oxidative stress biomarkers (glutathione status and lipid peroxidation) and activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, CAT and glutathione peroxidase, GPx) in palmitate-induced insulin resistant C2C12 cells. The intracellular antioxidant status of the cells was also measured using Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assays. Furthermore, this study determined the effect of the extracts on the regulation of some type 2 diabetes associated genes, glucose transporter 4 (glut4), Nuclear respiratory factor 1 (nrf1), Myocyte enhanced factor 2A (mef2a), Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (cpt1) and Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (acc2). The results showed a significant (p &lt, 0.05) increase in intracellular GSH level, a significant reduction in the level of malonaldehyde and a significant improvement in the intracellular antioxidant status upon treatment of the insulin resistant cells with the extracts. The extracts were also able to positively modulate the expression levels of the type 2 diabetes associated genes. On the other hand, HPLC-MS analysis of the extracts showed the presence of polyphenols which could have contributed to the bioactivity of the extracts through their antioxidant effects.

Background: Tempol is a stable piperidine nitroxide of low molecular weight that permeates biological membranes and scavenges superoxide anions in vitro. In a variety of animal models, deleterious effects of reperfusion injury on both local and remote organs have been demonstrated. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of a membrane-permeable radical scavenger, Tempol, on local and remote organ injuries caused by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in rats. Materials and methods: Male Wistar-albino rats were randomized into three groups: (I) Sham-operated control group, laparotomy without I/R injury (n = 12); (II) Intestinal I/R group, 60 min of ischemia by superior mesenteric artery occlusion followed by 2-h of reperfusion (n = 12); and (III) I/R + Tempol-treated group, identical to I/R group except for Tempol administration, 30 mg/kg bolus injection 5 min before reperfusion, followed by an infusion of 30 mg/kg/h intravenously (n = 12). Histopathologically, intestinal mucosal lesions were assessed by Chiu's classification, and pulmonary parenchymal damage was appraised by pulmonary neutrophil infiltration and acute lung injury scaling. Biochemically, myeloperoxidase activity, malondialdehyde, glutathione, and nitrite/nitrate (NOx) levels were determined in both intestinal mucosa and lung parenchyma. Evans blue dye concentration and organ wet/dry weight ratios were used as a marker of organ edema. Animal survival was observed up to 1 week. Results: Intestinal mucosal lesions and pulmonary parenchymal damage were significantly attenuated with Tempol treatment, histopathologically (P < 0.05). Tempol administration significantly reduced myeloperoxidase activity and malondialdehyde levels, and also significantly increased glutathione and NOx levels of both intestinal and lung tissues, biochemically (P < 0.05). Evans blue dye extravasation and wet/dry weight ratios of organs were significantly reduced with Tempol injection (P < 0.05). The survival rates of rats in Tempol-treated group were significantly higher than that of I/R-treated group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The present study suggests that Tempol administration significantly reduces both local and remote organ injuries caused by intestinal I/R before and throughout the reperfusion period. Further clinical studies are needed to clarify whether Tempol may be a useful therapeutic agent to use in particular operations where the reperfusion injury occurs. © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

1. Hypothyroidism is accompanied by hyperlipidaemia and oxidative stress and is associated with several complications, such as atherosclerosis. Paraoxonase activity has been reported to decrease in several situations associated with atherosclerosis and oxidative stress. In the present study, the effects of different doses of taurine on serum paraoxonase and arylesterase activities, as well as on the serum lipid profile, were investigated in hypothyroid rats. 2. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups as follows: Group 1, rats received normal rat chow and tap water; Group 2, rats received standard rat chow + 0.05% propylthiouracil (PTU) in the drinking water; and Groups 3-5, taurine-supplemented PTU groups (standard rat chow + 0.5, 2 or 3% taurine in the drinking water, respectively, in addition to PTU). Paraoxon or phenylacetate were used as substrates to measure paraoxonase and arylesterase activity, respectively. Plasma and tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, indicators of lipid peroxidation, were determined using the thiobarbituric-acid reactive substances method. Serum triglyceride, total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (following precipitation with dextran sulphate-magnesium chloride) were determined using enzymatic methods. 3. Serum paraoxonase and arylesterase activities were increased and plasma and tissue MDA levels and serum triglyceride levels were reduced in a dose-dependent manner in taurine-treated hypothyroid rats. Taurine concentrations were positively correlated with enzyme activities and negatively correlated with MDA and triglyceride levels. 4. Further studies are needed to investigate the role of taurine supplementation in hypothyroidism in human subjects.

Background Vanadyl sulfate (VS) and taurine are two promising agents in the treatment of diabetes related to their antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, and hyperinsulinemic effects. Data about the effects of VS on the oxidant–antioxidant system is limited and controversial. However, taurine is a well-documented antioxidant agent and our aim was to investigate the effects of VS, taurine and VS and taurine combination on the oxidative–antioxidative systems in streptozotocin–nicotinamide (STZ-NA) diabetic rats. Methods Nicotinamide (230 mg/kg, i.p.) and streptozotocin (65 mg/kg, i.p.) were administered. VS (0.75 mg/mL) and taurine (1%) were added to drinking water for 5 weeks. Rats were divided as control (C), diabetes (D), diabetes + VS (D + VS), diabetes + taurine (D + T), diabetes + VS and taurine (D + VST). Plasma and tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography and spectrophotometry, respectively. Paraoxonase and arylesterase activities were measured by spectrophotometric methods and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were determined using commercial kits. Results VS, taurine and VS and taurine combination treatments reduced the enhanced blood glucose, serum total cholesterol and triglyceride, tissue MDA and plasma MDA (except in the D + VS group) levels and increased the reduced serum insulin level, serum paraoxonase and arylesterase activities, GSH-Px activity and SOD activity (except in the D + VS group). Conclusions The findings of the present study suggest that VS and taurine exert beneficial effects on the blood glucose and lipid levels in STZ-NA diabetic rats. However, VS might exert prooxidative or antioxidative effects in various components of the body and taurine and VS combination might be an alternative for sole VS administration.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of the oxidative stress in an experimental model of torsion/detorsion of the spermatic cord and the legitimacy of this model for oxidative stress studies. METHODS: Forty-eight male Wistar rats were randomized in two groups (n=24): G-1 (Sham) and G-2 (Ischemia/Reperfusion). All rats received intraperitoneal saline injections (2.0 ml), at 21, 9, and 1 h before right spermatic cord torsion or first sham operation. Detorsion or second sham operation was carried out 3 h later followed by testis and blood samples collection (T-0). Additional samples were collected at 1-3-6 h time-points for assessment of testis malonaldehyde, glutathione, and plasma total antioxidant power (TAP). RESULTS: Spermatic cord torsion/detorsion induced a significant increase in testicular malonaldehyde contents and a significant decrease in glutathione concentrations in ischemic rats compared with sham animals. Additional increase in malonaldehyde levels occurred during reperfusion in G-2 rats. TAP was similar in both groups denoting absence of systemic effects in this study. CONCLUSION: Torsion/detorsion of the spermatic cord for 3 h induces significant lipid peroxidation and reduction in glutathione content of the testis and is, therefore, a valid model for studying the oxidative stress effects of the ischemia/reperfusion injury in young rat testis.

The aims of this study are to investigate the contribution effect of oxidative stress in MK-801-induced experimental psychosis model, and to show that prevention of oxidative stress may improve prognosis. Because oxidative damage has been suggested in the neuropathophysiology of schizophrenia, the possible protecting agents against lipid peroxidation are potential target for the studies in this field. For this purpose, Wistar Albino rats were divided into three groups: the first group was used as control, MK-801 was given to the rats in the second group and MK-801 + ω - 3 essential fatty acids (EFA) was given to the third group. MK-801 was given intraperitoneally at the dose of 0.5 mg/(kg day) once a day for 5 days in experimental psychosis group. In the second group, 0.8 g/(kg day), ω - 3 FA (eicosapentaenoic acid, 18%, docosahexaenoic acid, 12%) was given to the rats while exposed MK-801. In control group, saline was given intraperitoneally at the same time. After 7 days, rats were killed by decapitation. Prefrontal brain area was removed for histological and biochemical analyses. As a result, malondialdehyde (MDA), as an indicator of lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl (PC), as an indicator of protein oxidation, nitric oxide (NO) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities as antioxidant enzymes, and xanthine oxidase (XO) and adenosine deaminase (AD) activities as an indicator of DNA oxidation was found to be increased significantly in prefrontal cortex (PFC) of MK-801 group (P < 0.0001) compared to control group. In ω - 3 FA treated rats, prefrontal tissue MDA, PC and NO levels as well as SOD, GSH-Px, XO, and AD enzyme activities were significantly decreased when compared to MK-801 groups (P < 0.0001) whereas catalase (CAT) enzyme activity was not changed. Moreover, in the light of microscopic examination of MK-801 groups, a great number of apoptotic cells were observed. ω - 3 FA supplementation decreased the apoptotic cell count in PFC. The results of this study revealed that oxidative stress and apoptotic changes in PFC may play an important role in the pathogenesis of MK-801-induced neuronal toxicity. This experimental study also provides some evidences for the protective effects of ω - 3 FA on MK-801-induced changes in PFC of rats. © 2006.

The effectiveness of chlorogenic acid and its main metabolites, caffeic and quinic acids, against oxidative stress was investigated. Resveratrol, another natural phenolic compound, was also tested for comparison. Rat cortical slices were incubated with 200 mu M H2O2 for 1 h, and alterations in oxidative stress parameters, such as 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and the production of both malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), were assayed in the absence or presence of phenolic compounds. Additionally, the effectiveness of chlorogenic acid and other compounds on H2O2-induced increases in fluorescence intensities were also compared in slice-free incubation medium. Although quinic acid failed, chlorogenic and caffeic acids significantly ameliorated the H2O2-induced decline in TTC staining intensities. Although resveratrol also caused an increase in staining intensity, its effect was not dose-dependent; the high concentrations of resveratrol tested in the present study (10 and 100 mu M) further lessened the staining of the slices. Additionally, all phenolic compounds significantly attenuated the H2O2-induced increases in MDA and ROS levels in cortical slices. When the IC50 values were compared to H2O2-induced alterations, chlorogenic acid was more potent than either its metabolites or resveratrol for all parameters studied under these experimental conditions. In slice-free experimental conditions, on the other hand, chlorogenic and caffeic acids significantly attenuated the fluorescence emission enhanced by H2O2 with a similar order of potency to that obtained in slice-containing physiological medium. These results indicate that chlorogenic acid is a more potent phenolic compound than resveratrol and its main metabolites caffeic and quinic acids against H2O2-induced alterations in oxidative stress parameters in rat cortical slices.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of aspirin (AS) and vitamin C (VC) against cardiac damage induced by chronic corn syrup (CS) consumption via a mechanism involving sirtuin-1 (ST-1), hypoxia-inducible factor-1? (HIF-1?), and the caspase-3 pathway in rats. Methods: Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats (14-16 weeks) that weighed 250-300 g were randomly distributed into 5 groups, each containing 8 rats: control group, CS+AS group, CS+VC group, CS+AS+VC group, and CS group. AS (10 mg/kg/day) and VC (200 mg/kg/day) were orally given to the rats. F30 (30% fructose syrup solution) was given to the rats in drinking water for 6 weeks. The rats were sacrificed by exsanguination 24 h after the last administration. Blood samples and tissue were collected for biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical examinations. Non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U test used for the parameters without normal distribution and ANOVA and post-hoc LSD tests were used for parameters with a normal distribution to compare groups. Results: Uric acid, creatine kinase (CKMB), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were increased in the CS group compared with the control group (1.45±0.39 and p=0.011; 3225.64±598.25 and p=0.004; 3906.83±1064.22 and p=0.002, respectively) and decreased in all the treatment groups. In addition, increased levels of MDA and decreased activity of CAT in the CS group (0.172±0.03 and p=0.000; 0.070±0.005 and p=0.007, respectively) were reversed with AS and VC therapy. A decrease in ST-1 activity and increases in caspase-3 and HIF-1 activities corrected by VC and AS therapy were observed. Conclusion: AS and VC, which display antioxidant and antiapoptotic activities, ameliorated cardiac damage induced by chronic fructose consumption by increasing the levels of ST-1 and decreasing the levels of HIF-1? and caspase-3. © 2016 by Turkish Society of Cardiology.

Submitted by Fernando Passon Casagrande (fernando.casagrande@ufba.br) on 2015-05-21T17:52:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Zanini et al. - 2006 - Oxidative stability and total lipids on thigh and breast meat of broilers fed diets with two fat sources and supp.pdf: 229877 bytes, checksum: 7c5c03829561dd68240aaeb00993dfbc (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Alda Lima da Silva (sivalda@ufba.br) on 2015-05-21T18:56:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Zanini et al. - 2006 - Oxidative stability and total lipids on thigh and breast meat of broilers fed diets with two fat sources and supp.pdf: 229877 bytes, checksum: 7c5c03829561dd68240aaeb00993dfbc (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-21T18:56:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Zanini et al. - 2006 - Oxidative stability and total lipids on thigh and breast meat of broilers fed diets with two fat sources and supp.pdf: 229877 bytes, checksum: 7c5c03829561dd68240aaeb00993dfbc (MD5) Two hundred broiler chickens of 21 days of age were distributed in a completely randomized factorial arrangement 2×5 (two oil sources, i.e. soybean or canola oil and five levels of CLA supplementation, i.e. 0.0%, 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75% and 1.00%). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dietary supplementation of broiler diets with CLA and oil sources on the lipid content and on the oxidative stability of chicken meat submitted to refrigeration or freezing storage temperatures. The use of canola oil and increasing CLA levels resulted in a linear reduction (P

A previously described derivatization method using trichlorophenylhydrazine was developed for the estimation of malonaldehyde measured by gas-chromatography (GC) with electron-capture detection. The precision and reliability of the procedure are improved here by the use of methylmalonaldehyde as internal standard and by the introduction of a diverter valve at the end of the capillary column to protect the electron-capture detector, respectively. The method was applied to determine malonaldehyde content in bovine plasma samples.

Lipid peroxidation products are widely used as markers of oxidative damage in the organism. To properly interpret the information provided by these markers, it is necessary to know potential sources of bias and control confounding factors. Here, we investigated the relationship between two indicators of lipid mobilization (circulating levels of triglycerides and cholesterol) and two common markers of oxidative damage (plasma levels of malondialdehyde and hydroperoxides; the latter estimated from the d-ROMs assay kit). The following five avian species were studied: red-legged partridge (Alectoris rufa), zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata), spotless starling (Sturnus unicolor), marsh harrier (Circus aeroginosus), and Montagu’s harrier (Circus pygargus). In all cases, plasma triglyceride levels positively and significantly correlated with lipid peroxidation markers, explaining between 8% and 34% of their variability. Plasma cholesterol, in contrast, showed a significant positive relationship only among spotless starling nestlings and a marginally significant association in zebra finches. These results indicate that lipid peroxidation marker levels covary with circulating lipid levels.We discuss the potential causes and implications of this covariation and recommend that future studies that measure oxidative damage using lipid peroxidation markers report both raw and relative levels (i.e., corrected for circulating triglycerides). Whether the observed pattern also holds for other tissues and in other taxa would deserve further research., This study was financed by projects CGL2008-03501 and CGL2011-26318 to D.G. and CGL2012-40229-C02-01 to C.A.-A., both from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO), and by a Fondation Fyssen grant to A.S. L.P.-R. received a postdoctoral contract through the Severo Ochoa Program for Centres of Excellence in Research, Development, and Innovation (SEV-2012-0262), and A.A.R.-H. and J.M. were supported by Formación de Personal Investigador grants (BES-2010-035013 and BES-2009-021383, respectively), all from MINECO.

Oxidative stress occurs following the impairment of pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance in chronic wounds and leads to harmful delays in healing progress. A fine balance between oxidative stress and endogenous antioxidant defense system may be beneficial for wound healing under redox control. This study tested the hypothesis that oxidative stress in wound area can be controlled with systemic antioxidant therapy and therefore wound healing can be accelerated. We used chlorogenic acid (CGA), a dietary antioxidant, in experimental diabetic wounds that are characterized by delayed healing. Additionally, we aimed to understand possible side effects of CGA on pivotal organs and bone marrow during therapy. Wounds were created on backs of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. CGA (50 mg/kg/day) was injected intraperitoneally. Animals were sacrificed on different days. Biochemical and histopathological examinations were performed. Side effects of chronic antioxidant treatment were tested. CGA accelerated wound healing, enhanced hydroxyproline content, decreased malondialdehyde/nitric oxide levels, elevated reduced-glutathione, and did not affect superoxide dismutase/catalase levels in wound bed. While CGA induced side effects such as cyto/genotoxicity, 15 days of treatment attenuated blood glucose levels. CGA decreased lipid peroxidation levels of main organs. This study provides a better understanding for antioxidant intake on diabetic wound repair and possible pro-oxidative effects.

Objective: Apoptosis is the early and predominant form of cell death in infarcted myocardia. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of trimetazidine (TMZ) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC), used alone or in combination, on oxidative stress, infarct size, and ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis in a rat model of myocardial IR. Methods and results: Myocardial IR was established by ligating an area under the left main coronary artery for 30 min followed by 3 h of reperfusion. Saline (1 ml/kg), NAC (50, 150 mg/kg), or TMZ (3, 5 mg/kg) was intravenously injected during the middle of the ischemic period. At the end of the reperfusion, blood samples were collected from the animals to measure serum M30 and M65 levels, which are markers of cell death, the S100b level, which is a marker of inflammation, and the malondialdehyde (MDA) level, which is a marker of oxidative stress. The infarct size was evaluated as the ratio of the infarct area to the risk area. Apoptotic activation was assessed by caspase-3 immunostaining and a TUNEL assay. TMZ and NAC, either alone or in combination, significantly reduced serum MDA levels, infarct area and apoptotic activity compared to those observed in saline group. Interestingly, the infarct area was more smaller in TMZ (3 and 5 mg/kg) injected groups (9.72 +/- 1.3% and 9.96 +/- 2.3%) than those observed in NAC (50 and 150 mg/kg) (16.1 +/- 2.5% and 19.1 +/- 2.14%) or TMZ (5 mg/kg)- NAC (150 mg/kg) combination groups (16.9 +/- 1.6%). However, the apoptotic activity was reduced more significantly in the combination of TMZ (5 mg/kg)-NAC (50 mg/kg) compared to TMZ-only group. Neither TMZ or NAC treatments nor the combination of the drugs significantly affected serum M30, M65 and S100B levels. Conclusion: Intravenous NAC and TMZ administration decreased oxidative stress, infarct area and apoptotic activity in a rat model of IR. Although the combination treatment was more effective in reducing the apoptotic activity than either treatment groups alone, TMZ treatment was more successful in reducing the infarct area than NAC or combination treatments. Present results suggest that, in addition to mechanical attempts to secure myocardial reperfusion, the use of TMZ and NAC may help to reduce IR injury.

Background: It has been suggested that off-pump coronaryartery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery reduces myocardialischemia-reperfusion injury, postoperative systemicinflammatory response, and oxidative stress. The aim of thisstudy was to measure serum malondialdehyde (MDA), highsensitivityC-reactive protein (hs-CRP), M30, and M65 levelsand to investigate the relationship between M30 levels andoxidative stress and inflammation in patients undergoing onandoff-pump CABG surgery.Methods: Fifty patients were randomly assigned to onpumpor off-pump CABG surgery (25 patients off-pump and25 on-pump CABG surgery), and blood samples were collectedprior to surgery, and 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 6 hours,and 24 hours after CABG surgery.Results: Compared to the on-pump group, serum MDAlevels at 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 6 hours, and 24 hours afterthe CABG surgery were significantly lower in the off-pumpgroup (P = .001, P = .001, P = .001, and P = .001, respectively).Serum M30 levels were found to be elevated in both groups,returning to baseline at 24 hours. When compared to baseline,the hs-CRP level reached its peak at 24 hours at 13.28 ±5.32 mg/dL in the on-pump group, and 15.44 ± 4.02 mg/dLin the off-pump group.Conclusion: CABG surgery is associated with an increasein inflammatory markers and serum M30 levels, indicatingepithelial/endothelial apoptosis in the early period.

Purpose Much attention has been given to hypothermia as it is effective in inhibiting inflammatory responses and also ischemia/reperfusion injury. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hypothermia on torsion/detorsion injury in rats. Methods Twenty-eight rats were randomly divided into four groups of sham-operated (SG), adnexal torsion/detorsion group (TG), adnexal torsion/detorsion + hypothermia group (THG) and hypothermia group (HG). In the SG group, right ovaries were excised after 3-h fixation to abdominal wall. In the TG, right adnexal underwent 720° torsion in a counterclockwise direction for 3 h and then excised after 3-h detorsion period. In the THG, after 3-h torsion period, ovaries were immediately subjected to hypothermia (4 °C) for 30-min and they were excised after 3-h detorsioned period. In the HG, the right ovaries were subjected to hypothermia for 30-min and excised after 3-h fixation period. One half of each ovary was immediately stored for antioxidant enzyme activity and tissue lipid peroxidation. The remainder was fixed for histopathological examination. Results Adnexal torsion and detorsion significantly increased the tissue level of Malondialdehyde, Superoxide dismutase and Reduced glutathione. On the other hand, hypothermia significantly reduced these oxidative stress parameters. The histopathological changes were less in the THG group; these changes were not statistically different from the other groups. Conclusion The results of this study suggested that hypothermia inhibited the production of oxidative stress in the ovaries subjected to torsion/detorsion injury. © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

WOS: 000354634500014 PubMed ID: 26005969 Introduction: Ureteral obstruction is a common pathology and caused kidney fibrosis and dysfunction at late period. In this present, we investigated the antifibrotic and antiinflammatory effects of montelukast which is cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist, on kidney damage after unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO) in rats. Materials and Methods: 32 rats divided four groups. Group 1 was control, group 2 was sham, group 3 was rats with UUO and group 4 was rats with UUO which were given montelukast sodium (oral 10 mg/kg/day). After 14 days, rats were killed and their kidneys were taken and blood analysis was performed. Tubular necrosis, mononuclear cell infiltration and interstitial fibrosis scoring were determined histopathologically in a part of kidneys; nitric oxide(NO), malondialdehyde(MDA) and reduced glutathione(GSH) levels were determined in the other part of kidneys. Urea-creatinine levels were investigated at blood analysis. Statistical analyses were made by the Chi-square test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: There was no difference significantly for urea-creatinine levels between groups. Pathologically, there was serious tubular necrosis and fibrosis in group 3 and there was significantly decreasing for tubular necrosis and fibrosis in group 4(p

Background: To investigate the protective effect of 2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate (2-APB) against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in the rat kidney by an experimental study. Materials and methods: Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the following three groups: (1) sham group, (2) I/R group, and (3) I/R + 2-APB group. Renal I/ R injury was induced by clamping the left renal pedicle for 45 min after right nephrectomy, followed by 3 h of reperfusion. The therapeutic agent 2-APB was administered intravenously at a dose of 2 mg/kg 10 min before renal ischemia. Glutathione, superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor a, interleukin 6, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and creatinine levels were measured from blood samples, and the rats were sacrificed subsequently. Tissue samples were scored histopathologically. Visualization of apoptotic cells was performed using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining method. Results: 2-APB significantly reduced serum malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor a, interleukin 6, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and creatinine levels in the I/R injury group. However, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and total antioxidant capacity levels increased significantly. Histopathologic scores were significantly better and the rate of apoptosis was lower in the 2-APB group. Conclusions: 2-APB reduces oxidative stress and damage caused by renal I/R injury. The results of this study demonstrate that 2-APB can be used as an effective agent against I/R injury in the kidney.