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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the potential application of Balanites aegyptiaca bark powder (BABP) for removing a basic textile dye, methylene blue (MB), from aqueous solutions. Design/methodology/approach The biosorbent (BABP) was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and point of zero charge (pHPZC). Batch mode was selected to study the biosorption of MB onto BABP surface at different experimental conditions (shaking speed, contact time, initial solution pH, ionic strength, solution temperature, biosorbent dosage and initial dye concentration). Besides, the reusability of BABP for MB biosorption was also examined. Findings The biosorption results revealed that approximately 96% of MB was removed successfully at the optimized operational conditions. Pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models, respectively, better described the adsorption kinetics and isotherms. The monolayer biosorption capacity (qmax) for MB was about 97.09 mg/g. According to thermodynamics findings, the MB biosorption onto BABP is an exothermic and spontaneous process. The results demonstrate that BABP can be considered as potential eco-friendly, readily available and low-cost biosorbent for hazardous textile dyes removal from water bodies and also provides a promising method for minimization of agricultural solid wastes (e.g. plant barks). Originality/value The utilization of Balanites aegyptiaca bark powder (BABP), solid waste material, as low-cost and eco-friendly biosorbent for the removal of hazardous basic textile dye (methylene blue) from the aquatic environment.

The idea behind this research work is to investigate the phytochemical constituents from Petroleum ether concentrate of Ingudi ( Balanites aegyptiaca L. Delile) seeds utilizing GC-MS (Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy) and to clarify the customary utilization of Ingudi oil as an effective injury mending specialist. A sum of 100 gm Ingudi seeds coarsely powdered, air-dried were macerated and extracted in Petroleum ether (1 Liter) at 60–80°C for 72 hours. The petroleum ether concentrate was exposed to GC-MS investigation. The GC-MS examination of the Petroleum ether concentrates of Ingudi shows presence of seven functional groups which are alcohol, carboxylic corrosive, ester, ether, silyl ether, and phenol. The compounds present are Tetradecamethylcycloheptasiloxane, Feruloyl-caffeoyl-glycerol, Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, 17-Octadecynoic Acid, 2-Hydroxy Succinic Acid, Dec-4-Anyl Undecyl Ester, Stigmasterol Trimethylsilyl Ether, Succinic corrosive butyl ester 4-hydroxy-12–methyl-tridecyl ester. The extract shows antibacterial, antioxidant, wound recuperating action, antifungal, immunomodulatory, antistatic, emollient, humectants, anti-provocative, hypocholesterolemic, malignancy preventive, hepatoprotective, nematicide, insectifuge, antihistaminic, antieczemic, antiacne, 5-Alpha reductase inhibitor, antiandrogenic, antiarthritic, anticoronary, antipsychotic, insectifuge, antimicrobial movement, larvicidal, thyroid hindering action, and hypoglycemic action. This examination assists to anticipate the equation and structure of dynamic particles which can be utilized as a decent and effective injury recuperating operator. This outcome additionally improves the customary use of Ingudi oil. The medicinal use of this oil was reported in Sanskrit literature (Abhigyan shakuntalam).

Study on assessmentof biodiesel fuel potentials of seed crude oil extracts of Balanites aegyptiaaca (L.) Del was carriedout. Standard methods of the Association of Official and Analytical Chemist (AOAC) were adopted to evaluate the proximate, physico-chemical properties and fatty acid compositions of crude seed oil extracts of the test plant. The proximate constituents of the crude seed oil extract gave crude protein (22.09%), crude fat (56.75%), moisturecontent (1.35%), ash (4.70%), crudefiber (12.75%) and carbohydrate (2.36%). The crude oil physicochemical properties included saponification value(216.439mgKOH/g), peroxide value(4.84meq/kg), acid value(2.18mgKOH/g), iodine value(77.08g/100g), viscosity value(150.3@30°C) and cetane number(54.08), refractive index(1.487 @30°C), relative density (0.949g/cm3) while calorific value was 39.03(MJ/kg). The fatty acids composition of crude kernel oil extract of B. aegyptiaca indicated the presence of four (4) fatty acids, with relative percentage abundance (RPA) in the order of 67.17% (9,12-Octadecanoic acid (C19 H3402)) > 16.22% (Pentadecanoic acid (C17H3402)) > 11.8kg% (Heptacosanoic acid (C28H5602)) > 4.72% (Oleic acid(C18H3402)). These properties conferred relative prospects on the crude oil of the test plant as a suitable potential biodiesel substrate and consequently, large scale aforestation efforts be renewed, to guarantee ready availability of the raw materials. Keywords: Balanites aegyptiaca, Biodiesel, proximate, physicochemical, crude seed oil extracts

Balanites aegyptiaca is a medicinal plant that has been used in a variety of folk medicines in India and Africa for the treatment of different ailments such as syphilis, jaundice, liver and spleen problems, epilepsy, yellow fever. This research aimed at investigating the phyt ochemical constituents, acute toxicity, anti inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of the ethanol extract of Balanites aegyptiaca (EEBA) leaves. The plant material was extracted using ethanol as solvent. The dried ethanol extract was screened for the presence of phytochemicals; Acute toxicity (LD50) was determined using Lorke’s method while anti inflammatory and antinociceptive activities were evaluated using hot plate and tail immersion methods in albino rats. Results of the study revealed that phyto chemical constituents such as flavonoids, carbohydrates, saponins and glycosides were found in the EEBA, intraperitoneal LD 50 of 2154 mg/kg shows the substance is non toxic. The EEBA produced significant (p

This study was aimed at using Balanite aegyptiaca seed coats activated carbon (BAAC) as a potential adsorbent to remove safranin dye from aqueous solution. BAAC was prepared from Balanite aegyptiaca seed coats using a one-step procedure with 67.27% yield, 3.23% ash content, 695 m2/g surface area and 203 mg/g iodine number. The FTIR spectroscopy revealed O-H, N-H, C-H, C=C, C-O-H stretching vibrations. The influences of agitation time, initial dye concentration and adsorbent dose were studied in batch experiments at room temperature. The adsorptions were rapid at the first 15 minutes of agitation, with the uptake of 2.746 mg/kg. The adsorption equilibrium was achieved at 90 minutes of agitation. Kinetic studies showed good correlation coefficient for both pseudo-first order and pseudo-second-order kinetics model but fitted well into pseudo-second order kinetic model. The adsorption data fitted well into Langmuir isotherm with correlation coefficient (R2) very close to unity and Langmuir maximum adsorption constant, qm 1.00. Thus, the fitting into Langmuir indicates monolayer coverage on the adsorbents. The results showed that BAAC has the potential to be applied as alternative low-cost adsorbents in the remediation of dye contamination in wastewater.

B. aegyptiaca, it is a species of economic and cultural importance in various countries, with diverse uses that include: medicinal, charcoal, pesticides and forage and in vitro callus production is important to have many applications in both basic and industrial research on this specie. For the induction of callus, B. aegyptica seed cotyledons were surface sterilized with 90% ethanol for 1 minute and cultivated in MS media supplemented with 2,4-D, BAP and NAA. Both the callus and seed were collected and dried in an oven at 40°C - 45°C. Cotyledon’s seed and callus were grounded into the powdered form using mortar and pestle and stored at room temperature for further use. Five grams (5 g) each of the powder were mixed with 50 ml of the solvents: methanol and n-hexane (1:10) w/v, agitated vigorously and kept on an orbital shaker at 150 rpm for 24 h, then filtered. The extracts of the plant sample were evaluated in agar dilution method which was used to determine the MIC and MBC of the extracts. The auxin NAA in low concentrations (0.5 mg/L) in the presence of a dose of 0.5 mg/L of the cytokinin BAP induced 100% callus formation. The 50 and 100 mg/ml methanolic extracts were more effective than the n-hexane extracts for both the gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. By callus extracts under 100 and 50 mg/ml reveals that methanolic extracts of callus had the highest zone of inhibition. An effective protocol for callus induction has been developed that can use for germplasm conservation or for genetic engineering. Evidence from the present study revealed both extracts possess strong broad-spectrum antibacterial effect. Therefore, methanolic extract of seed kernel callus of B. aegyptiaca can be utilized as a new source of broad spectrum antibacterial drugs for effective control of bacteria related diseases.

It is aimed to evaluate the analgesic activity of fractions and aqueous residue of pericarpium methanolic extract of Balanites roxburghi, at the doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg. In Ayurvedic, the fruit of the allied species Balanites aegyptiaca is being used as analgesic. Pain is a common phenomenon in all animals, at least in vertebral animals, similar to that felt by man. Analgesic effects in animals are comparable with the therapeutic effects in man. The tribal people have been using the aqueous juice of pericarpium of B. roxburghii for relieving the pain since long time. Mice were used as experimental animals and administered test drugs orally. Analgesic activity was studied using the hot plate, tail flick and acetic acid induced writhing methods. The butanolic fraction showed promising activity in all the tests. The analgesic effect of the butanolic fraction at a dose of 100 mg/kg was more than that observed with the same fraction at a dose of 50 mg/kg. No analgesic activity was observed with dichloromethane fraction and aqueous residue. The observations suggest that the pericarpium of B. roxburghii possesses potential analgesic action.

Two important forest tree species adapted to the semi-arid environment of Sokoto, Nigeria, are Acacia senegal and Balanites aegyptiaca. The purpose of this experiment was to see how these species reacted to hormones (Indole-3-acetic acid IAA) and salt (NaCl). The plants were grown in soil from two sites in Dabagi research farm of Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, with salt levels (2.0 and 3.0dS/m), and hormone was administered both at germination and early growth stages. The interaction effect enhanced leaf and relative growth rates in both plants, according to the results. This strategy could be utilised to help certain tree species grow and establish in semi-arid areas. The species developed using this technique can also be incorporated into land reclamation projects for the promise this research has indicated.

Background: Balanites aegyptiaca L. Delile (Zygophyllaceae) is a perennial tree found mostly in the desert environments. Decoctions of its stem barks are used traditionally in northern Nigeria to treat wounds, ulcers and stomach ailments. Other ethnomedicinal uses include: treatment of malaria, pain and fever. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiulcer activity of the chloroform stem bark extract of Balanites aegyptiaca in Wistar rats. Materials and methods: Acute toxicity study on the chloroform fraction of the stem bark extract of Balanites aegyptiaca was carried out using the OECD 425 guidelines at a limit dose of 3000 mg/kg. Phytochemical analysis of the fraction was carried out to detect the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, carbohydrates, saponins and glycosides using standard procedures. The antiulcer activity of the fraction was evaluated in ethanol and indomethacin-induced ulcer models in rats. Rats were allotted into five groups (n=5). Group 1 received 10% Tween 20 (1 ml/kg), group 2 received standard drug, omeprazole (20 mg/kg), and groups 3-5 were the extract groups and received 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg, p.o. respectively of the chloroform fraction of Balanites aegyptiaca. The mean ulcer indices were assessed and the percentage ulcer inhibition calculated. Results: At the limit dose of 3000 mg/kg the fraction of Balanites aegyptiaca did not produce any mortality or observable signs of toxicity in the rats. The phytochemical analysis showed the presence of flavonoids, saponins and steroids. The fraction at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg caused a significant (p

Correlations were observed between Balanites aegyptiaca fruit morphology and kernel oil yield and quality, thus suggesting the possibility of selecting trees with smaller fruits and lower pulp/seed ratio for edible oil production. Phenotypic variations in fruit morphology (length, diameter, total fruit weight, anatomical part weight percentages) and kernel chemical traits (gross composition, amino acid content, fatty acid composition of kernel oil) were assessed in a natural population of Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del. grown in the South-East of Sudan, with the main aim of highlighting the potential of B. aegyptiaca kernel for edible oil production. Mature fruits were randomly collected from eight trees, representative of eight distinct categories for shape (length/diameter ratio) and size (weight). Significant tree-to-tree differences in fruit morphology and kernel composition have been registered. The smallest fruits were characterised by the highest kernel contribution to the whole fruit weight, while the largest fruits showed the smallest seeds. The highest oleic/linoleic acid ratio in kernel oil fatty acids was found in fruits characterized by the lowest pulp percentage; the maximum oil yield (highest kernel percentage and kernel oil percentage) was associated to the highest levels of polyphenolic antioxidants and the highest radical scavenging activity of kernel tissues. Experimental data suggested the possibility of selecting trees with large fruits and high pulp/seed ratio, suitable for direct consumption as human food, and trees with smaller fruits and lower pulp/seed ratio for oil production.

Diabetes is a syndrome of impaired carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism caused by either lack of insulin secretion or decreased sensitivity of the tissues to insulin. Diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine disease worldwide. Diabetes mellitus was induced by injection streptozotocin intraperitonealy at dose 47 mg/kg body mass. The present study was designed to investigate the possible therapeutic effects of Balanites aegyptiaca (Heglig dates) and Persea americana (Avocado fruit) water extracts on some hematological and biochemical parameters in streptozotocin diabetic rats at doses 100 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg body mass respectively for 30 days. Treatment extracts were given orally through a gavage tube. The current results revealed a significant decrease in RBCs, WBCs counts, Hb concentration, MCHC, serum total protein, albumin, insulin and C-peptide level in diabetic rats. On the other hand a significant increase was recorded in MCV value, serum glucose and Hb A1c level in diabetic group in comparison with the control group. Treatment with Balanites aegyptiaca, Persea americana revealed an improvements in these parameters.

Botanical pesticides are a new trend for pest management because they are an environmentally safe alternative for synthetic chemicals. The aim of this study was to investigate the insecticidal activity of desert date (Balanites aegyptiaca %#91;L.%#93; Delile) seed oils against the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum Herbst) and determine the oil chemical compounds by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Oils were extracted by chloroform, hexane, and ethanol, and they were tested on the pest by the film residue method at doses of 1.131, 0.566, 0.283, and 0.142 mg cm-2 after 12, 24, 36, and 48 h. Results showed that chloroform achieved a 100% mortality rate at 1.131 and 0.566 mg cm-2 after 12 and 36 h exposure, respectively. Meanwhile, the hexane extract caused a similar effect after 24 and 48 h at the same doses, respectively. The chloroform extract scored the lowest median lethal dose (LD50, 0.134 mg cm-2) against the pest after 48 h of exposure. This finding indicated that chloroform extract was the most toxic for T. castaneum compared with the other extracts. The results of the oil analysis revealed that (9Z,12Z)-octadeca-9,12-dienoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, (Z)-octadec-9-enoic acid, and (E)-octadec-6- enoic acid were the main components, but the concentration differed from one extract to another. These results suggest that chloroform and hexane extracts have potent insecticidal activity and could be used in grain storage to control pests.

Lantana ukambensis (Vatke) Verdc. (Verbenaceae) and Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile (Zygophyllaceae), are used in African traditional medicine for the treatment of wounds and inflammatory diseases. The purpose of this study is to assess the cytotoxicity, cell cycle arrest, and pro-apoptotic effects of the extracts and fractions of these plants against HCT-116 and HT-29 cells. MTS, crystal violet, Hoechst staining, annexin V/PI and cytometry methods were used in this study. The crude extracts of these plants showed significant cytotoxic effects against HCT-116 and HT-29 cells. The 1-butanol and ethyl acetate fractions of L. ukambensis decreased the G1 phase by 20.53% and 28.47% and increased the G2/M by 23.47% and 25.90%, respectively, on HCT-116. Moreover, the 1-butanol fraction increased the cumulative value of apoptotic cells by 49.77% on HCT-116 and the ethyl acetate fraction increased this value by 53.37% at 15 µg/mL after 48 hours of exposure. In the case of B. aegyptiaca, the ethyl acetate fraction increased G1 phase by 3.83% on HCT-116 and by 8.6% on HT-29, whilst G2/M phase was decreased by 5.63 % on HCT-116 and by 6.62% on HT-29. Moreover, apoptotic cells were increased by 11.4% on HCT-116. The outcome of this study suggests the potential of the ethyl acetate fraction of each plant for the isolation of natural anticancer molecules against colorectal cancer.

Extraction of biosurfactants from plants is advantageous than from microbes. The properties and robustness of biosurfactant derived from the mesocarp of Balanites aegyptiaca have been reported. However, the dark brown property of biosurfactant and lack of knowledge of its biocompatibility limits its scope. In the present work, the decolorization protocol for this biosurfactant was optimized using hydrogen peroxide. The hemolytic potential and biocompatibility based on cell toxicity and proliferation were also investigated. This study is the first report on the decolorization and toxicity assay of this biosurfactant. For decolorization of biosurfactant, 34 full factorial design was used, and the data were subjected to ANOVA. Results indicate that 1.5% of hydrogen peroxide can decolorize the biosurfactant most efficiently at 40 °C in 70 min at pH 7. Mitochondrial reductase (MTT) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays on M5S mouse skin fibroblast cells revealed that decolorized biosurfactant up to 50 µg/mL for 6 h had no significant toxic effect. Hemolysis assay showed ~ 2.5% hemolysis of human RBCs, indicating the nontoxic effect of this biosurfactant. The present work established a decolorization protocol making the biosurfactant chromatically acceptable. Biocompatibility assays confirm its safer use as observed by experiments on M5S skin fibroblast cells under in vitro conditions.

Activated carbon (ACBS) derived from Balanites aegyptiaca seed shell was employed to remove crystal violet (CV) from aqueous medium. The characterization of this ACBS has been conducted using analytical techniques such as SEM and EDS. The adsorption parameters investigated were: contact time (5-120 min), temperature (303-333 K) and initial concentration (100-500 mg/l). The adsorption data were interpreted by using kinetic, isotherms and thermodynamic equations. The kinetic data match the pseudo-second-order model well, and both external diffusion and internal diffusion influenced the adsorption of the dye onto the adsorbent. The isotherm data is in concurrence with the Freundlich model intimating the multilayer coverage of CV on the heterogeneous surface of the ACBS. The thermodynamic quantities like ∆S°, ∆H° and ∆G° were computed using Gibbs plot. The results implicated the practicability and endothermicity of the dye adsorption process. Regeneration studies show the effectiveness of CH3COOH solution in CV recovery from ACBS than distilled water, H2SO4, HCl, HNO3, and NaOH solutions. The regenerated ACBS was recycled five times and sustained an adsorption efficiency of 92.08%.

In view of the ecological problems associated with the pollution caused by vehicles and the degradation of the ecosystem due to the extensive use of synthetic oil. There is a need to find the fuel that can substitute mineral oil and, in addition, the fuel should be environmentally friendly. Balanites aegyptiaca (Desert date) oil has the potential to be a mineral oil option and is available in abundant quantities. Balanites aegyptiaca oil was used as a lubricant in this investigation to examine its potential for the friction and wear behavior of the contact surfaces. The quantity of nanoparticles to the biolubricant was evaluated on the basis of the previous work. Average load, sliding speed, specific nanoparticle blends and biolubricant are the parameters considered for investigation. The mixture of Balanites aegyptiaca oil and the silicon dioxide nanoparticles was prepared. The variety of silicon dioxide nanoparticles blended with balanites aegyptiaca oil was evaluated for tribological investigation. In the light of the investigation, 0.6% concentration of silicon dioxide nanoparticles demonstrated a crucial increase in the reduction of coefficient of friction (COF), wear rate, and improved surface morphology with synthetic oil correlation. The positive impact was observed when the amount of nanoparticles was added up to 0.6% to the Balanites aegyptiaca oil. The functioning of the BA + 0.6% blend is certainly having a potential impact on energy and natural concern as a lubricant.

Alzheimer’s disease is a neurological disorder causing memory loss and cognitive decline. The purpose of this study was investigated the ability of B. aegyptiaca crude extract in treating and/or controlling Alzheimer’s disease risk factors based on its inhibitory effect on neurotransmitter hydrolyzing enzymes (AChE and butyrylcholine esterase BuChE)), amyloid accumulation-related factor (tyrosinase), antioxidant and anti-inflammatory characteristics. The inhibitory effect of the crude extract of Balanites aegyptiaca dates was tested in vitro against three Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers—i.e., acetylcholine esterase, butyrylcholine esterase, and tyrosinase. In addition, B. aegyptiaca extract was examined for its antioxidant activity by several methods and for its anti-inflammatory effect by its inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2. Results demonstrated that B. aegyptiaca extract successfully inhibited acetylcholine esterase (IC50; 193.78 ± 10.50 µg/mL), butyrylcholine esterase (IC50; 490.91 ± 15.45 µg/mL), and tyrosinase (IC50; 1.97±0.08 , 9.61 ± 0.11, and 12.03 ± 0.90 μg/mL at incubation times of 10, 20, and 40 min, respectively); it also showed selective anti-inflammatory effect against COX-2 not COX-1. Additionally, B. aegyptiaca extract recorded potent antioxidant properties, including free radicals and oxygen reactive species (ROS) scavenging, metal chelation, reducing capability, and lipid peroxidation inhibition. These activities may be attributed to its unique chemical composition containing alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, and coumarins. The results of this study suggest that B. aegyptiaca extract showed promise anti-Alzheimer’s disease activity in vitro, qualified it to incorporate in advanced preclinical trials for discovering alternative herbal medications.

PHYTOCHEMICAL analysis of the mesocarp of eleven morphologically different individuals of Balanites aegyptiaca was assessed. The antioxidant activity of their methanol extracts was also evaluated. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) were used in combination with the metabolome detected by spectrophotometer of the evaluated individuals to distinguish between them. HCA separated the eleven individuals of Balanites aegyptiaca into three groups according to the metabolites content and total antioxidant capacity of their extracts. Group 1 is characterized with higher content of carbohydrates and lower content of other detected metabolites and antioxidant capacity. Group 2 is characterized with moderate contents of the detected metabolites, whereas Group 3 is characterized with higher contents of all detected secondary metabolites, total antioxidant capacity and strong DPPH radical scavenging. Total antioxidant capacity showed a positive correlation with total proteins, phenolics, saponins and DPPH radical scavenging activity. DPPH radical scavenging activity showed a positive correlation with total proteins, total phenolics, total flavonoids, total saponins, and negatively correlated with total carbohydrates. To our knowledge, this is the first report underlying the metabolomics of morphologically different B. aegyptiaca fruits using metabolome combined with multivariate data analysis.

Balanites aegyptiaca L. is a multipurpose tree distributed in Africa and Middle East. Several parts of B. aegyptiaca have been suggested to have medicinal uses. So far the effect of ecological origin on the nutritional values and biological activities of B. aegyptiaca genotypes is rarely investigated. Further, metabolic profiling and assessment of the functional food value of B. aegyptiaca leaves are far from complete. In this study, biological activities and profiling of primary and secondary metabolites were investigated in the leaves of five B. aegyptiaca provenances collected from Egypt, Sudan, Saudi Arabia, and Yemen. Interestingly, all provenances showed notable antidiabetic, antioxidant, antiprotozoal, antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer activities. Hierarchical clustering analysis revealed significant variability in the concentrations of individual sugars, organic acids, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, phenolics, and minerals among the provenances and these variations were provenance dependent. Medina provenance showed the heights diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging and antifungal activities and was the most powerful against embryonic kidney adenocarcinoma and urinary bladder carcinoma cells. The highest inhibition against Escherichia coli and colon carcinoma cells was observed by Sudan and Cairo provenances. El-Kharga and Yemen provenances showed the greatest activity against Trypanosoma cruzi and hepatocellular and urinary bladder carcinoma. Therefore, leaves of B. aegyptiaca possess good nutritive and biological capacities and might have potential applications in the food and medical industries. However, the strength of such activities is significantly affected by the provenance. Practical applications According to the national Research Council (NRC) of United States, Balanites aegyptiaca L. is recognized among the 24 priority lost crops of Africa. B. aegyptiaca leaves contain considerable amounts of primary metabolites (e.g., sugars, EAAs, USFAs) and secondary (e.g., phenolic acids and flavonoids) metabolites, vitamins, and macro and microelements. The obvious existence of these nutritionally and medicinally related compounds supports the functional food value of B. aegyptiaca leaves. Moreover, the present results revealed that B. aegyptiaca is not only a foliage dietary plant, but also could be considered as a valuable source for neutraceuticals, which support its pharmacological value. So far, this is the first report to explore, in detail, the functional food value of B. aegyptiaca leaves by presenting a clear image about its metabolic profiling and biological activities, and how the provenance factor could affect these values.

There was a relationship between hyperglycemia and pharmakinetic of toxicity of doxorubicin that leads to increasing oxidative stress on cells. This study was aimed to detect the curative effect of some antioxidants drugs (fullerene C60 and mesocarp fruit extract of Balanites aegyptaica) on the hematological and biochemical of kidney function parameters after induced by diabetes and toxicity with doxorubicin on the rats. nine groups of adult male albino rats were established (n= 8). The first group (Gp. 1) was served as a normal group. Gp. 2 was injected intraperitoneal (i.p.) with by streptozotocin at a single dose (45 mg/kg body weight). Diabetic rats (Gp. 3)were injected intraperitoneal (i.p.) with doxorubicin at the dose (5mg/kg body weight)for three days.Diabetic rats (Gp. 4) was given orally fullerene C60 daily at the dose (4 mg/kg body weight).Diabetic rats (Gp. 5) treated orally bymesocarp fruit extract of Balanites aegyptaicaat dose (1.5ml/kg. body weight). Diabetic rats(Gp. 6) treated orally with fullerene C60 plus mesocarp fruit extract of Balanites aegyptaica. Diabetic rats (Gp. 7) intoxicated DOX treated orally with fullerene C60. Diabetic rats (Gp. 8) intoxicated DOX treated orally with mesocarp fruit extract of Balanites aegyptaica. Diabetic rats (Gp. 9) treated orally with fullerene C60 plus mesocarp fruit extract of Balanites aegyptaica. Whole blood and serum were collected for hematological and biochemical of kidney functions examinations, respectively. Diabetes induces, hematotoxicity was determined by a highly significant decrease in red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), blood Platelets (PLTs), haemoglobin (Hb) and PCV value, as well as nephropathy was determined by a highly significant increase in creatinne, urea and uric acid. diabetic rats intoxicated DOX showed the reduction in hematological parameters, also, there were a highly significant increase in kidney function parameters. Fullerene C60 and mesocarp fruit extract of Balanites aegyptaica meliorated hematological and kidney functions indices. It could be concluded that Fullerene C60 and Balanites aegyptiaca, clarified a modulatory role against the cellular damage produced by oxidative stress.

Balanites fruits (Balanites aegyptiaca) as a potential source of steroidal sapogenins, chemicalsin demand by the pharmaceutical industry was studied. This report focuses on two potential fruit productsother than sapogenins, namely, balanites kernel oil (BKO) and kernel total protein. The oil content ofbalanites kernels obtained from thirteen mature-fruit accessions collected from different parts of Sudanwas high, reaching a value above 40% of kernel dry weight in several accessions. Kernel total proteinaveraged 31.2%. Some physicochemical characteristics of the oil and of its component lecithin fractionwere determined. Linoleic acid was the predominant fatty acid in BKO, reaching 56.0% of total fatty acids.

Balanites aegyptiaca: “desert date” is endemic to dry land areas. The plant is commonly grown in arid regions of Africa, Middle East and southern Asia and is traditionally used for several purposes although the nutritional significance of its fruits as food is not well investigated. To assess the nutritional properties of desert date, 1.5 kg of desert date fruits were pealed, soaked in 3 L distilled water for 36 h, sieved and the filtered juice as the fresh extract (FED) a portion of which was boiled for 10 min forming the boiled extract (CED). The antioxidant properties of the desert date juice were evaluated using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-icrylhydrazyl DPPH and superoxide anion radical methods. Furthermore, the sensory evaluation and chemical composition of the desert date juice were also analyzed. Both FED and CED exhibited high antioxidant activity of 85.28 and 81.82% with DPPH and a significant superoxide anion radical concentration of 5 mg/mL. Both FED and CED contained relatively small amount of vitamin C (0.0966 and 0.0744 mg/mL). Boiling of desert date juice showed some significant effect (p

The present study deals with the estimation of toxic phorbol esters in Balanites aegyptiaca seed cake and to evaluate the performance and combustion characteristics of different blends of biodiesel in a diesel engine. The seeds were manually collected from arid regions of Rajasthan, India and the oil extracted from the powdered kernel with Solvent extraction process. The extracted oil processed by enzymatic catalytic reactions are carried out at optimum operating conditions such as the molar ratio of 8:1 (methanol:oil), reaction temperature at 40°C for 4 h reaction time and xylanase 1% based on oil weight. The total conversion rate of extracted oil to methyl ester by enzymatic reactions yields up to 98.3%. The toxic content of seed cake was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC, Shimadzu). The performance and combustion parameters such as BP, BTE and CP decreased, whereas BSFC and DP increased with biodiesel blends.

Context:Balanites aegyptiaca Del. (Zygophyllaceae) fruits are well-known antidiabetic drug in Egyptian folk medicine. Nevertheless, its mechanism of action is still unclear. Objectives: Searching for the possible mechanisms of action of the plant and identification of its bioactive compounds. Materials and methods: A bio-guided protocol based on the evaluation of α‐glucosidase (AG) and aldose reductase (AR) inhibitory activities was adopted to isolate the biologically active compounds from the methanol extract (MeEx). An in vivo antidiabetic study was conducted for the active extract, fraction and compound using streptozotocin-induced diabetic male albino Wistar rats at two dose levels (100 and 200 mg/kg.b/wt) for 2 weeks. Results: Three compounds were isolated and identified: a sterol, (1) stigmasterol-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside; a pregnane glucoside, (2) pregn-5-ene-3β,16β,20(R)-trio1-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside; a furostanol saponin, (3) 26-(O-β-d-glucopyranosyl)-22-O-methylfurost-5-ene-3β,26-diol-3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-[α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)]-β-d-glucopyranoside. Only compound 3 possessed significant AG and AR inhibitory activities (IC50 = 3.12 ± 0.17 and 1.04 ± 0.02 μg/mL, respectively), while compounds 1 and 2 were inactive. The in vivo antidiabetic study revealed that MeEx and furostanol saponin 3 possessed significant activities at a dose of 200 mg/kg through reducing the fasting plasma glucose level by 46.14% and 51.39%, respectively, as well as reducing the total cholesterol by 24.44% and 31.90%, respectively. Compound 3 also caused increment in insulin and C-peptide levels by 63.56% and 65%, respectively. Discussion and conclusions: We presented a scientific base for using Balanites aegyptiaca, and shed the light on one of its saponins, as an antidiabetic agent in fasting and postprandial hyperglycaemia along with the improvement of diabetic complications.

Context:Balanites aegyptiaca Del. (Zygophyllaceae) fruits are traditionally known for the treatment of hyperglycaemia. Several in vitro and in vivo studies proposed some mechanisms of action. However, clinical trials in human beings were never reported to date. Objectives: To investigate the antidiabetic efficacy of the 70% ethanol extract of the pericarps of B. aegyptiaca (BE) within a nutritional intervention in elderly people. Materials and methods: Ultra-performance electrospray ionization-mass spectroscopy (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) analysis was used for metabolic profiling of BE which was incorporated in hard gelatine capsules (400 mg/day) and tested on 30 type 2 diabetes (T2D) Egyptian patients for 8 weeks. According to sex, age and body mass index participants were divided into two equivalent groups, placebo and treatment. Results: Thirteen compounds were identified in BE using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis among which five steroidal saponins, seven phenolic compounds and a sterol glucoside. At the end of the 8-week treatment, the treated group showed 26.88% decrease in 2 h postprandial plasma glucose relative to 2.6% increase in the placebo group, while fasting plasma glucose was reduced to 10.3%. Treatment with BE capsules for 8 weeks produced significant reduction in the plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 9.0, 12.76 and 21.35%, respectively, with 29.8% increase in the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Plasma alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase were reduced by 42.6 and 43.3%, respectively. Discussion and conclusion: Administration of the BE capsules to T2D resulted in significant improvements in the glycaemic markers and the lipid profile, without adverse effects or hypoglycaemia.

Malnutrition has been a serious issue in Ghana and Africa as a whole. However, the potential of many indigenous fruits to combat it has not yet been tested. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the nutritional characteristics of four underutilized wild fruits (Gardenia erubescens, Sclerocarya birrea, Diospyros mespiliformis, and Balanites aegyptiaca) of dietary interest in Ghana. The nutritional and antinutritional characteristics of the fruits were analyzed according to standard methods (laid down by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists and other well-known researchers) on a dry weight (dw) basis. The nutritional value of the fruits was high enough to contribute to the nutrient requirements of humans, with their iron (0.34&ndash, 1.46 mg/100 g), zinc (0.81&ndash, 2.97 mg/100 g), vitamin A (0.84&ndash, 2.03 mg/100 g), and &beta, carotene (64.84&ndash, 176.89 mg/100 g) contents worth special mention. The antinutrient content also ranged between 0.06&ndash, 1.82 mg/g. Therefore, it is evident from the study that the fruits, although containing some levels of antinutrients, are nutrient-dense, suggesting their potency in fighting malnutrition in humans.

There were relationship between hyperglycaemic and pharmakinetic of toxicity of doxorubicin that lead to increase oxidative stress on cells. This study was aimed to detect the curative effect of some antioxidants drugs (fullerene C60 and mesocarp fruit extract of Balanites aegyptaica) on the haematological and biochemical of kidney function parameters after induced by diabetes and toxicity with doxorubicin on the rats. Nine groups of adult male albino rats were established (n=8). The first group (Group 1) was served as normal group. Group 2 was injected intraperitoneal (i.p) with by streptozotocin at single dose (45 mg/kg body weight). Diabetic rats (Group 3) were injected intraperitoneal (i.p) with doxorubicin at dose (5 mg/kg body weight) for three days. Diabetic rats (Group 4) were given orally fullerene C60 daily at dose (4 mg/kg body weight). Diabetic rats (Group 5) treated orally by mesocarp fruit extract of Balanites aegyptaica at dose (1.5 ml/kg body weight). (Group 6) treated orally with fullerene C60 plus mesocarp fruit extract of Balanites aegyptaica. Diabetic rats (Group 7) intoxicated DOX treated orally with fullerene C60. Diabetic rats (Group 8) intoxicated DOX treated orally with mesocarp fruit extract of Balanites aegyptaica. Diabetic rats (Group 9) diabetic rats treated orally with fullerene C60 plus mesocarp fruit extract of Balanites aegyptaica. Whole blood and serum were collected for haematological and biochemical of kidney functions examinations, respectively. Diabetes induce, hematotoxicity was determined by a highly significant decrease in Red Blood Cells (RBCs), White Blood Cells (WBCs), Blood Platelets (PLTs), Haemoglobin (Hb) and PCV value, as well as nephropathy was determined by a highly significant increase in creatinne, urea and uric acid. Diabetic rats intoxicated DOX showed reduction in haematological parameters, also, there were highly significant increases in kidney function parameters. Fullerene C60 and mesocarp fruit extract of Balanites aegyptaica ameliorated haematological and kidney functions indices. It could be concluded that Fullerene C60 and Balanites aegyptiaca, clarified a modulatory role against the cellular damage produced by oxidative stress.

By starting first at the laboratory scale, optimal operating conditions for the reaction unit aimed at producing ethyl biodiesels from non-edible vegetable oils (NEVO) were determined with the ultimate objective of proposing an on-farm processing technology that should be sustainable for emerging countries. Three NEVO widely available in Burkina Faso were selected: Balanites aegyptiaca (BA), Azadirachta indica (AI), and Jatropha curcas (JC) oils. Their conversion to fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) was conducted via a two-stage procedure under atmospheric pressure: an alkali-catalyzed ethanolysis at ambient temperature for the BA and AI oils (leading to 93 and 87 wt.% FAEE respectively) and an acid-catalyzed ethanolysis at the normal boiling of the alcohol for the JC oil (leading to 89 wt.% FAEE). Based on the intermediate addition of glycerol at ambient temperature, the two-stage procedure combines chemical kinetics, chemical equilibrium, and phase equilibrium phenomena.

The solvent extracts of four plants, viz. Polyalthia longifolia (Sonn.) Thw. (PL), Paederia foetida (PF), Limonia acidissima L. (LA) and Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del. (BA), from different families, were screened for their antifeedant, insecticidal and insect growth regulatory potential against important crop pests. The solvent extracts, namely methanol, petroleum ether, chloroform and water, of all four plants were tested for their bio-activity against lepidopteran insect pest, Spodoptera litura; and sucking insect pest, L. erysimi (mustard aphid). It was observed that Polyalthia longifolia (methanol extract) exhibited maximum potency with least concentration of 0.1 % (~1080 ppm) to give 50 % antifeedancy, followed by P. longifolia (petroleum ether) with a value of 0.2 % (~2360 ppm) and Limonia acidissima (methanol) and L. acidissima (petroleum ether). The least active compound for antifeedancy was found in the aqueous extract of Balanites aegyptica. Out of 16 plant extracts bio-assayed, methanol showed potential antifeedancy when compared with chloroform, water and petroleum ether extracts. But chloroform and petroleum ether extracts of all four plants gave very promising insecticidal activity against aphids, in comparison to other two extracts. L. acidissima (water), B. aegyptica (methanol), P. longifolia (methanol) and P. foetida (water) did not give any insecticidal activity with 50 % lethal concentration (LC50) up to 0.1 % as maximum concentration.

Antibacterial activity of iron oxide nanoparticles, an employing B. aegyptiaca oil (L.) Del., was used as natural stabilizer by modifying a co-precipitation method. In this work, we chose B. aegyptiaca oil as the new surfactant coating agent, and synthesized B. aegyptiaca oil coating with iron oxide nanoparticles which were characterized with a variety of methods, including Gas Chromatography (GC) to determine the fatty acids composition of the seeds oil, Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) equipped with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray Powder Diffractometer (XRD) and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). In antibacterial studies, disk diffusion susceptibility test was used to measure efficacy of iron oxide nanoparticles against Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) and Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli) in terms of zone inhibition. The B. aegyptiaca coated on the surface of iron oxide nanoparticles; its particle size was found to be nanoscale below 50 nm, and the magnetization (δs) was 16.975 emu g-1. Antibacterial activity was measured. Efficacy of iron oxide nanoparticles against bacterial strains was found in Escherichia coli (E. coli). All these findings suggest that the nanoparticles synthesized from B. aegyptiaca oil may be a promising reagent for a wide variety of applications in biological fields as well as in nanomedicine.

Seed-priming of sorghum with an aqueous extract from the herbal plant, Eclipta alba has previously been found to increase crop yield of sorghum in Burkina Faso dependent on field location. In the present study, a 2.5% w/v antifungal extract from the desert tree, Balanites aegyptiaca, was similarly shown to increase the yield of sorghum by seed treatment. The effect was compared to the effect of E. alba extract on different types of seeds in different locations. A participatory trial including forty-six fields in three agro-ecological zones was conducted using local, farm-saved seeds. The overall effect on yield conferred by the B. aegyptiaca extract was significantly higher than the effect conferred by the E. alba extract (+31% versus +21%, p

Reactive oxygen species play a significant role in the pathogenesis of retinopathy in diabetes patients. The current study aimed to assess the effect of ethyl acetate extract (EAE) from Balanites aegyptiaca (10, 25 or 50 mg/kg b.w.) in experimental diabetic rats. To achieve this aim, five groups of male rats were included: control, diabetic, and diabetic rats treated with 10, 25, and 50 µg/kg b.w. of EAE for eight weeks. Our results suggests a protective role of EAE against oxidative stress induced by streptozocine. EAE treatment produced a reduction in blood glucose levels, HbA1c, malondialdehyde and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in diabetic retina (p &lt, 0.001), as well as an enhancement in antioxidant capacity against streptozocine-induced oxidative stress. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL-1β) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were significantly reduced in diabetic rats treated with EAE, compared with untreated diabetic rats. Analysis of EAE by GC-MS indicated the presence of β-sistosterol. Overall, EAE modulates oxidative stress induced by streptozocine and enhances antioxidant activity, which may provide additional endothelial protection in retina of diabetic rats. These results hold great promise in the management of diabetic complications.

Mesocarp of Balanites aegyptiaca fruit contains high amount of saponin. Due to the presence of saponins, tribes have been utilizing it as a detergent from ages. But the detergent properties of this plant material have not been characterized so far. Therefore, in the present investigation detergent properties of this plant material have been studied and compared with sodium dodecyl sulfate, Tween-80 and Triton X-100. This is a very first report of density, surface tension, viscosity, pH, electric conductivity, foaming potential, foam stability, detergency, and dirt dispersal potential of dried mesocarp at various concentrations (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% (w/v)). Surface tension of 10%, 20%, and 30% mesocarp solution is similar to that of Triton X-100 (10% w/v). The detergency of this plant material is very high as even 20% solution of mesocarp is able to remove 88% sebum from hair tresses. The relative viscosity of this acidic biosurfactant is less than that of Triton X-100 (10%) and Tween-80 (10%). Foams are also less stable in comparison to chemical detergents. B. aegyptiaca is a recalcitrant genotype and can withstand salt as well as drought conditions and can serve as a good source of natural detergent and income for the local people, even if planted either on wasteland or along the boundary of farms.

Background The bark of Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile (Balanitaceae) is widely used in the Togolese folk medicine for the treatment of wounds, malaria and skin diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant properties and the activity of the bark extract of this plant against some resistant bacteria isolated from wounds. Materials and methods The antimicrobial activity was assayed using the NCCLS microdilution while the DPPH free radical scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were used for the antioxidant activity. The susceptibility to conventional antibiotics of bacteria was assessed by an agar disk diffusion method using commercial disk. Phenolics were quantified using spectrophotometric methods. Results The hydroethanolic extracts of the bark inhibited in vitro the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus in a dose-dependent manner. Bacteriostatic effects were observed on 15 (33%) and 21 (47%) strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa respectively. The MICs and MBCs against Staphylococcus aureus strains ranged respectively from 2.5 to 12.5 µg/mL and 2.5 to 50 µg/mL. Concerning Pseudomonas aeruginosa , these values were equal (12.5 µg/mL). Multidrug resistance was 95% against six antibiotics for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 91% against five antibiotics for Staphylococcus aureus . The DPPH radical scavenging and the FRAP assays yielded weak antioxidant activity, closely linked with the total phenolic contents. Conclusion This study indicated that the bark extract of Balanites aegyptiaca possess bioactive compounds implicated in the free radical scavenging and antibacterial activities, justifying the use of the plant in the traditional medicines.

Diabetes mellitus is one of the disease for which a satisfactory treatment is not available in modern allopathic system of medicine. Therefore, there is a need to develop newer treatment strategies of plant origin as they are known to have fewer side effects. The present study investigated the possible therapeutic effects of Balanite aegyptiaca kernel cake on certain biochemical markers in alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus in rats. Diabetes was induced in albino rats by single intraperitoneal injection of Alloxan (70mg/kg body weight). Normal diet supplemented with 10% and 20% of kernel cake of Balanites aegyptiaca were fed to diabetic rats for three weeks. The effects of the aegyptiaca kernel cake on blood glucose, albumin, urea, creatinine, total cholesterol, triglyceride and the activities of liver marker enzymes aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase were examined in the serum of control and treated groups. Supplementation of Balanites aegyptiaca kernel cake 10% and 20% to diabetic rats for Three weeks significantly reduced blood glucose (451.80 ± 5.4 to 408.60 ± 1.8), urea (429.30±1.10 to 203.40± 4.1), and creatinine (2.05±0.05 to 1.80±0.21) but increased the levels of albumin (3.14±0.07 to 3.50±0.01), and restored all marker enzymes to near normal levels. The present results showed that Balanites aegyptiaca kernel cake has an antihyperglycaemic and antihyperlipidemic effect and consequently may alleviate liver and renal damage associated with Alloxan -induced diabetes mellitus in rats.

The present study reports variation in in vitro germination responses between two genotypes of Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del. an endangered agroforestry species. Fruits were collected from arid and semi-arid zones of Jodhpur (J) and Ahmedabad (A) respectively. Mature seeds of both the germplasms were isolated and subjected to in vitro germination on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with gibberellic acid (GA). Marked differences were observed in germination frequency of both genotypes at variable concentrations of GA. Whereas ‘A’ acquired 100% germination frequency on medium containing 1 μM GA, ‘J’ required 2.5 μM GA. Morphogenic variations for seedling traits were also recorded in relation to genotype for shoot, internode and root length along with number of nodes/shoot and leaf size and color. ‘A’ seedlings appeared healthy as compared to ‘J’ seedlings. These morphogenic variations were studied in correlation with the native environmental conditions of both germplasms. In vitro germinated seedling...

Increasing demand for clean and sustainable energy resources has enhanced the importance of biodiesel. Balanites aegyptiaca is an underexplored plant with biodiesel potential and wide range adaptability. In the present study, variations in oil yield in samples of Balanites aegyptiaca collected from the different agro-climatic zone of Rajasthan have been explored. The fatty acid analysis was carried out using GC-FID and oil samples were compared for their fatty acid composition. Based on data of fatty acids, biodiesel parameters were estimated using a dry lab. The study reveals that out of the seven agro-climatic regions under study Jodhpur, Dungarpur, Udaipur, Kota and Alwar regions are the suitable regions to get high oil yield of B. aegyptiaca with statistically no significant difference in the oil yield. The oil is rich in oleic acid irrespective of the region. Oleic acid varied from ~39% to ~58% of the total fatty acids content. Density, kinematic viscosity, iodine value and cetane number of the biodiesel derived from the oil samples collected from all the regions follows the European biodiesel standards (EN 14214). The study will help in exploring the possibility of getting biodiesel from this salt and drought tolerant plant.

Today, the fight against global warming is a major challenge for the whole world. The widespread use of biofuels is indeed one of the credible alternatives that can lead to a significant reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This study aims to promote the fruits of the desert date in bioenergy. The various treatments showed that the fruits are composed of 52.67 ± 0.18% of nuclei, 40.08 ± 0.50% of mesocarps and 7.26 ± 0.33% of epicarps and other solid particles. From the mesocarps, bioethanol was produced with a yield of 14.74 ± 0.06%; while by Soxhlet extraction of almonds with hexane gave a vegetable oil with a yield of 44.58 ± 5.69%. The monitoring of the ethanolic fermentation reaction, carried out with Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts revealed that a pH of 4.0 optimized the reaction, with an attenuation limit of 54.17%. GC-FID analysis showed that other reactions which should compete with ethanolic fermentation, were almost inhibited by the effectiveness of the kinetic control. GC-FID analysis of the chemical composition of the biodiesel produced with the crude oil has showed the presence of oleic acid (41.90%), linoleic acid (29.27%), palmitic acid (12.47%), β-linolenic (10.89%) and stearic (1.17%). Physicochemical analysis and the comparison of energy characteristics indicated that the biofuels produced in this study have properties similar to those of petrodiesel and some standard biofuels. Therefore, the fruits of Balanites aegyptiaca are an interesting source of liquid biofuels that can replace petrol and conventional diesel, the most used fossil fuels in transportation.

Objectives: Type II diabetes mellitus is increasing health problems that negatively affect health care systems worldwide. There is a constant urge to develop new therapies with better effects, lower side effects at lower prices to treat this disease. Therefore, the present study carried out to investigate whether Balanites aegyptiaca (seeds) could treat the hyperglycemic, dislipidemic, liver, and kidney toxicity and the pancreatic damage in diabetic rats. Material and method: fifteen adult male albino rats were divided into two groups; group 1: control group, group 2: alloxan induced diabetic rats that divided into two subgroups; subgroup1: diabetic untreated rats, subgroup2: diabetic treated with aqueous extract of B. aegyptiaca (seeds). After thirty days of treatment, all rats were sacrificed. Blood sample were collected to estimate some hematological and biochemical parameters. Liver samples were collected to determine their glycogen content and pancreatic samples were obtained and processed for microscopic and quantitative evaluation of α, β & δ-cells number. Results: diabetic group recorded reduction in body weight's gained, hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia, significant increase in some parameters of liver and kidney functions, dislipidemia, changes in proteins level and decreased liver glycogen content. While, treatment with B. aegyptiaca (seeds) was ameliorated most of the toxic effects of alloxan and showed partially improvement in histological changes produced by alloxan. Conclusion: The aqueous extract of B. aegyptiaca (seeds) has hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic effects, increasing insulin level, and decreasing insulin resistance. Moreover, ameliorate the most complication associated with diabetes mellitus.