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1. Effects of Ulva sp. Extracts on the Growth, Biofilm Production, and Virulence of Skin Bacteria Microbiota: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Cutibacterium acnes Strains

Author

Mathilde Fournière, Thomas Latire, Djouhar Souak, Gilles Bedoux, Marc G. J. Feuilloley, and Nathalie Bourgougnon

Subjects
Staphylococcus aureus, Pharmaceutical Science, Virulence, medicine.disease_cause, Polysaccharide, Article, biofilm, Analytical Chemistry, Microbiology, Ulva, QD241-441, ulvan, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Drug Discovery, Cutibacterium acnes, medicine, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Skin, chemistry.chemical_classification, biology, Bacteria, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, EAE, Plant Extracts, Microbiota, Organic Chemistry, Biofilm, Biological activity, Oligosaccharide, Propionibacteriaceae, biology.organism_classification, chemistry, Chemistry (miscellaneous), inflammation, seaweed, Molecular Medicine
Abstract

Ulva sp. is known to be a source of bioactive compounds such as ulvans, but to date, their biological activity on skin commensal and/or opportunistic pathogen bacteria has not been re­ported. In this study, the effects of poly- and oligosaccharide fractions produced by enzyme-assisted extraction and depolymerization were investigated, for the first time in vitro, on cutaneous bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Cutibacterium acnes. At 1000 μg/mL, poly- and oligosaccharide fractions did not affect the growth of the bacteria regarding their generation time. Polysaccharide Ulva sp. fractions at 1000 μg/mL did not alter the bacterial biofilm formation, while oligosaccharide fractions modified S. epidermidis and C. acnes biofilm structures. None of the fractions at 1000 μg/mL significantly modified the cytotoxic potential of S. epidermidis and S. aureus towards keratinocytes. However, poly- and oligosaccharide fractions at 1000 μg/mL induced a decrease in the inflammatory potential of both acneic and non-acneic C. acnes strains on keratinocytes of up to 39.8%, the strongest and most significant effect occurred when the bacteria were grown in the presence of polysaccharide fractions. Our research shows that poly- and oligosaccharide Ulva sp. fractions present notable biological activities on cutaneous bacteria, especially towards C. acnes acneic and non-acneic strains, which supports their potential use for dermo-cosmetic applications.

Published
2021

2. Poly- and Oligosaccharide Ulva sp. Fractions from Enzyme-Assisted Extraction Modulate the Metabolism of Extracellular Matrix in Human Skin Fibroblasts: Potential in Anti-Aging Dermo-Cosmetic Applications

Author

Thomas Latire, Nicolas Lebonvallet, Raphael Leschiera, Gilles Bedoux, Claudie Le Goff-Pain, Mathilde Fournière, Nathalie Bourgougnon, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Chimie Marines, Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Chimie Marine (LBCM), Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Chimie Marines (LBCM), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire sur les interactions Epithéliums Neurones (LIEN), and Université de Brest (UBO)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Proteomics, collagen, matrix metalloproteinase, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], extracellular matrix, Pharmaceutical Science, Oligosaccharides, Human skin, Cosmetics, Matrix (biology), Polysaccharide, 01 natural sciences, Article, Dermal fibroblast, Extracellular matrix, Glycosaminoglycan, 03 medical and health sciences, Ulva, Polysaccharides, Drug Discovery, Humans, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (miscellaneous), lcsh:QH301-705.5, Cells, Cultured, 030304 developmental biology, Cell Proliferation, Skin, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, Ulva sp, Gene Expression Profiling, Biological activity, Oligosaccharide, Fibroblasts, human dermal fibroblast, Skin Aging, chemistry, Biochemistry, lcsh:Biology (General), seaweed, Matrix Metalloproteinase 1, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Ulva sp. is known to be a source of bioactive compounds such as ulvans, but their biological activity on human dermal fibroblast extracellular matrix (ECM) is poorly reported. In this work, the regulation of ECM has been investigated for the first time at both proteomic and transcriptomic levels in normal human skin dermal fibroblasts, after 48 h of incubation with poly- and oligosaccharide fractions from Ulva sp. obtained after enzyme-assisted extraction and depolymerization. Cell proliferation enhancement (up to +68%) without exhibiting any cytotoxic effect on fibroblasts was demonstrated at 50 and 1000 µg/mL by both fractions. At the proteomic level, polysaccharide fractions at 1000 µg/mL enhanced the most the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs, up to +57%), total collagen, especially types I (up to +217%) and III, as well as the synthesis and activity of MMP-1 (Matrix Metalloproteinase-1, up to +309%). In contrast, oligosaccharide fractions had no effect on GAGs synthesis but exhibited similarities for collagens and MMP-1 regulation. At the transcriptomic level, the decrease of COL1A1 and COL1A2 expression, and increase of COL3A1 and MMP-1 expression, confirmed the modulation of ECM metabolism by both fractions. Our research emphasizes that poly- and oligosaccharide Ulva sp. fractions exhibit interesting biological activities and supports their potential use in the area of skin renewal for anti-aging dermo-cosmetic applications.

Published
2021

3. Shell extracts of the edible mussel and oyster induce an enhancement of the catabolic pathway of human skin fibroblasts, in vitro

Author

Jean-Marc Lebel, Muriel Rigot-Jolivet, Philippe Galéra, Antoine Serpentini, Franck Carreiras, Florence Legendre, Mouloud Bouyoucef, Frédéric Marin, Thomas Latire, Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques ( BOREA ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université des Antilles ( UA ), Microenvironnement cellulaire et pathologie ( MILPAT ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Equipe de recherche sur les relations matrice extracellulaire-cellules ( ERRMECe ), Fédération INSTITUT DES MATÉRIAUX DE CERGY-PONTOISE ( I-MAT ), Université de Cergy Pontoise ( UCP ), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Université de Cergy Pontoise ( UCP ), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, St-Martin Clinic, Work financially supported by the ‘‘Fonds Unique Interministériel’’ (FUI, French ministry of Economy and Industry, SEMINEROIL program) [09 2 90 6042], and by a PhD fellowship from the FUI and the Conseil Régional de Basse-Normandie [917RB103]., Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Microenvironnement cellulaire et pathologie (MILPAT), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Equipe de recherche sur les relations matrice extracellulaire-cellules (ERRMECe), Fédération INSTITUT DES MATÉRIAUX DE CERGY-PONTOISE (I-MAT), Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), and Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Oyster, Clinical Biochemistry, Biomedical Engineering, Bioengineering, Context (language use), Polysaccharide, 03 medical and health sciences, biology.animal, Botany, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Shell matrix, 14. Life underwater, [SDV.IB.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Biomaterials, [ SDV.BBM ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Shellfish, chemistry.chemical_classification, biology, Biological activity, Extracellular matrix, Cell Biology, Pacific oyster, [ SDV.IB.BIO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Biomaterials, biology.organism_classification, Mytilus, 030104 developmental biology, Biochemistry, chemistry, Fibroblast, Crassostrea, Original Article, Mollusc, Blue mussel, Biotechnology
Abstract

15 pages; International audience; Mollusc shells are composed of more than 95% calcium carbonate and less than 5% organic matrix consisting mostly of proteins, glycoproteins and polysaccharides. In this study, we investigated the effects of matrix macromolecular components extracted from the shells of two edible molluscs of economic interest, i.e., the blue mussel Mytilus edulis and the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. The potential biological activities of these organic molecules were analysed on human dermal fibroblasts in primary culture. Our results demonstrate that shell extracts of the two studied molluscs modulate the metabolic activities of the cells. In addition, the extracts caused a decrease of type I collagen and a concomitant increase of active MMP-1, both at the mRNA and the protein levels. Therefore, our results suggest that shell extracts from M. edulis and C. gigas contain molecules that promote the catabolic pathway of human dermal fibroblasts. This work emphasises the potential use of these shell matrices in the context of anti-fibrotic strategies, particularly against scleroderma. More generally, it stresses the usefulness to valorise bivalve shells that are coproducts of shellfish farming activity.

Published
2017

4. Production of Active Poly- and Oligosaccharidic Fractions from Ulva sp. by Combining Enzyme-Assisted Extraction (EAE) and Depolymerization

Author

Thomas Latire, Marie Lang, Nolwenn Terme, Mathilde Fournière, Gilles Bedoux, Nathalie Bourgougnon, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Chimie Marine (LBCM), Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Chimie Marines (LBCM), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bretagne Sud - Vannes (UBS Vannes), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and GDR 3711CNRS Cosm’Actifs

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Ammonium sulfate, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, lcsh:QR1-502, 02 engineering and technology, Fractionation, enzyme-assisted extraction, Polysaccharide, Biochemistry, lcsh:Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Lipoxygenase, green seaweed, ulvan, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Ammonium, depolymerization, Molecular Biology, chemistry.chemical_classification, endo-protease Protamex ®, endo-protease Protamex®, Chromatography, biology, Depolymerization, Extraction (chemistry), polysaccharide, human dermal fibroblast, lipoxygenase, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 6. Clean water, 030104 developmental biology, Enzyme, chemistry, biology.protein, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

Data on fractionation and depolymerization of the matrix ulvan polysaccharides, and studies on the biological activities on skin cells, are very scarce. In this work, crude ulvans were produced by using EAE (enzyme-assisted extraction) and compared to maceration (an established procedure). After different fractionation procedures—ethanolic precipitation, dialysis, or ammonium sulfate precipitation—the biochemical composition showed that EAE led to an increased content in ulvans. Coupling EAE to sulfate ammonium precipitation led to protein enrichment. Oligosaccharides were obtained by using radical depolymerization by H2O2 and ion-exchange resin depolymerization. Sulfate groups were partially cleaved during these chemical treatments. The potential bioactivity of the fractions was assessed using a lipoxygenase inhibition assay for anti-inflammatory activity and a WST-1 assay for human dermal fibroblast viability and proliferation. All ulvans extracts, poly- and oligosaccharidic fractions from EAE, expanded the fibroblast proliferation rate up to 62%. Our research emphasizes the potential use of poly- and oligosaccharidic fractions of Ulva sp. for further development in cosmetic applications.

Published
2019

5. Shell Extracts from the Marine Bivalve Pecten maximus Regulate the Synthesis of Extracellular Matrix in Primary Cultured Human Skin Fibroblasts

Author

Mouloud Bouyoucef, Frédéric Marin, Philippe Galéra, Thomas Latire, Jean-Marc Lebel, Sabrina Kellouche, Antoine Serpentini, Nicolas Bigot, Ludovic Carduner, Florence Legendre, Franck Carreiras, Microenvironnement cellulaire et pathologie ( MILPAT ), Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques ( BOREA ), Université des Antilles ( UA ) -Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Equipe de recherche sur les relations matrice extracellulaire-cellules ( ERRMECe ), Fédération INSTITUT DES MATÉRIAUX DE CERGY-PONTOISE ( I-MAT ), Université de Cergy Pontoise ( UCP ), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Université de Cergy Pontoise ( UCP ), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine, Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Microenvironnement cellulaire et pathologie (MILPAT), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Equipe de recherche sur les relations matrice extracellulaire-cellules (ERRMECe), Fédération INSTITUT DES MATÉRIAUX DE CERGY-PONTOISE (I-MAT), Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), and Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Pathology, lcsh:Medicine, [SDV.BC.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Subcellular Processes [q-bio.SC], [CHIM.THER]Chemical Sciences/Medicinal Chemistry, Biochemistry, Extracellular matrix, Cell Signaling, Molecular Cell Biology, lcsh:Science, Skin, Connective Tissue Cells, chemistry.chemical_classification, Pecten, Multidisciplinary, [ CHIM.THER ] Chemical Sciences/Medicinal Chemistry, Extracellular Matrix, Cell biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Connective Tissue, Scallop, Cytochemistry, Anatomy, Cellular Structures and Organelles, Type I collagen, Research Article, Biotechnology, Signal Transduction, medicine.medical_specialty, Primary Cell Culture, Extracellular Matrix Signaling, Biology, Biomaterials, Dermis, Animal Shells, medicine, Animals, Humans, Pecten maximus, 14. Life underwater, Tissue Extracts, lcsh:R, [ SDV.BC.BC ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Subcellular Processes [q-bio.SC], Biology and Life Sciences, Cell Biology, Fibroblasts, biology.organism_classification, In vitro, Biological Tissue, chemistry, Cell culture, lcsh:Q, Glycoprotein
Abstract

International audience; Mollusc shells are composed of more than 95% calcium carbonate and less than 5% of an organic matrix consisting mostly of proteins, glycoproteins and polysaccharides. Previous studies have elucidated the biological activities of the shell matrices from bivalve molluscs on skin, especially on the expression of the extracellular matrix components of fibroblasts. In this work, we have investigated the potential biological activities of shell matrix components extracted from the shell of the scallop Pecten maximus on human fibroblasts in primary culture. Firstly, we demonstrated that shell matrix components had different effects on general cellular activities. Secondly, we have shown that the shell matrix components stimulate the synthesis of type I and III collagens, as well as that of sulphated GAGs. The increased expression of type I collagen is likely mediated by the recruitment of transactivating factors (Sp1, Sp3 and human c-Krox) in the 2112/261 bp COL1A1 promoter region. Finally, contrarily to what was obtained in previous works, we demonstrated that the scallop shell extracts have only a small effect on cell migration during in vitro wound tests and have no effect on cell proliferation. Thus, our research emphasizes the potential use of shell matrix of Pecten maximus for dermo-cosmetic applications.

Published
2014

6. Responses of primary cultured haemocytes from the marine gastropod Haliotis tuberculata under 10-day exposure to cadmium chloride

Author

Antoine Serpentini, Charles Le Pabic, Jean-Marc Lebel, Elmina Mottin, Noussithé Koueta, Thomas Latire, Antoine Mottier, Katherine Costil, Normandie Université (NU), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Physiologie et Ecophysiologie des Mollusques Marins (PE2M), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE)

Subjects
Hemocytes, food.ingredient, Abalone, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Gastropoda, chemistry.chemical_element, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Biology, Cadmium chloride, 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, Toxicology, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, food, Cadmium Chloride, Phagocytosis, Animals, Haliotis, Cells, Cultured, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, chemistry.chemical_classification, Pollutant, 0303 health sciences, Cadmium, Reactive oxygen species, Monophenol Monooxygenase, In vitro, Enzyme Activation, chemistry, Bioaccumulation, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, Water Pollutants, Chemical
Abstract

Among metals, cadmium, a non-essential element, is an important pollutant that is released into aquatic environments. Due to its persistence and bioaccumulation, this metal has been shown to exert immunological effects on organisms. The objective of the present study was to investigate the in vitro effects of cadmium chloride using a haemocyte primary culture from the European abalone, Haliotis tuberculata . Most studies have maintained viable haemocytes in vitro for periods ranging from several hours to several days during acute exposures. Few investigations have reported the effects of metals using longer in vitro exposures, which are more realistic with regard to mimicking environmental conditions. In this study, we exposed abalone haemocytes to concentrations from 0.5 to 50,000 μg L −1 of CdCl 2 for 10 days. The effects of cadmium chloride were reflected in a significant decrease in the number of viable cells and morphological modifications in a concentration-dependent manner beginning at a concentration of 500 μg L −1 as well as in some physiological processes, such as phagocytotic activity and the number of lysosome-positive cells. In contrast, phenoloxidase (PO) activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were increased beginning at a concentration of 5 μg L −1 , which is consistent with environmental concentrations in polluted sites. For PO activity and ROS production, maximally 9-fold and 130% inductions, respectively, were recorded under the highest dose. These results thus indicate that cadmium chloride alters immune parameters of abalone haemocytes and that the long-term (10 days) primary culture system used here represents a suitable, sensitive in vitro model for assessing cytotoxic responses.

Published
2012

7. Effect of zinc sacrificial anode degradation on the defence system of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas: chronic and acute exposures

Author

Marie-Laure Mahaut, Jean-Marc Lebel, Daniel Barillier, Christelle Caplat, Antoine Mottier, Thomas Latire, Antoine Serpentini, Katherine Costil, Elmina Mottin, Interactions Cellules Organismes Environnement (ICORE), CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Institut de Biologie Fondamentale et Appliquée [Caen] (IBFA), Biologie des mollusques marins et des écosystèmes associés (BioMEA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique (LCB), Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine, Institut national des sciences et techniques de la mer (INTECHMER), and Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)

Subjects
Gill, Mrna expression, chemistry.chemical_element, Zinc, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, Immune parameters, Oceanography, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Toxicology, Andrology, 03 medical and health sciences, Immune system, Sacrificial anode, medicine, Animals, RNA, Messenger, Crassostrea, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 0303 health sciences, biology, Superoxide Dismutase, mRNA expression, Pacific oyster, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, chemistry, Laboratory exposures, Zinc toxicity, Crassostrea gigas, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Degradation (geology), Metallothionein, Reactive Oxygen Species, Biomarkers, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

International audience; Two types of exposures were performed to assess the effects of zinc released from sacrificial anode degradation: a chronic exposure, in which oysters were exposed to 0.53 ± 0.04 mg Zn L−1 for 10 weeks, and an acute exposure, where oysters were exposed to 10.2 ± 1.2 mg Zn L−1 for 1 week. At the end of the acute exposure experiment, 81.8% mortality was recorded. In contrast, no mortality was detected after 10 weeks exposure. Moreover, all of the immune system biomarkers studied, except the number of circulating haemocytes, were stimulated by a moderate level of zinc and inhibited by a high level. Our exposure conditions did not induce SOD or MXR mRNA expression in gills and digestive gland. However, an increase of MT mRNA is observed in these tissues. The results indicate that oysters are sensitive to acute zinc toxicity but are only moderately affected by a mild zinc concentration.

Published
2011

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