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Key Points Metabolic rewiring promotes ATO resistance in APL, independent of PML mutation status.Inhibition of mitochondrial respiration combined with ATO is a potential therapeutic option for relapsed APL and non-M3 AML., Visual Abstract, Acquired genetic mutations can confer resistance to arsenic trioxide (ATO) in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). However, such resistance-conferring mutations are rare and do not explain most disease recurrence seen in the clinic. We have generated stable ATO-resistant promyelocytic cell lines that are less sensitive to all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and the combination of ATO and ATRA compared with the sensitive cell line. Characterization of these resistant cell lines that were generated in-house showed significant differences in immunophenotype, drug transporter expression, anti-apoptotic protein dependence, and promyelocytic leukemia-retinoic acid receptor alpha (PML-RARA) mutation. Gene expression profiling revealed prominent dysregulation of the cellular metabolic pathways in these ATO-resistant APL cell lines. Glycolytic inhibition by 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) was sufficient and comparable to the standard of care (ATO) in targeting the sensitive APL cell line. 2-DG was also effective in the in vivo transplantable APL mouse model; however, it did not affect the ATO-resistant cell lines. In contrast, the resistant cell lines were significantly affected by compounds targeting mitochondrial respiration when combined with ATO, irrespective of the ATO resistance-conferring genetic mutations or the pattern of their anti-apoptotic protein dependency. Our data demonstrate that combining mitocans with ATO can overcome ATO resistance. We also show that this combination has potential for treating non-M3 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and relapsed APL. The translation of this approach in the clinic needs to be explored further.

Borassus flabellifer leaf extract has been used for rapid biogenic-synthesis of Zinc-Oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) due to rich source of bioactive compounds. The synthesized ZnO-NPs were preliminarily confirmed by UV-Visible spectroscopy adsorption peak range at 365nm. The XRD (X-ray diffraction) confirm purity of ZnO-NPs that were crystalline in nature. The analysis of FT-IR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) confirm the presence of following functional group such as alcohol, phenols, carboxylic acids, primary amides, secondary amides, alkyl halide. FE-SEM analysis indicated that ZnO-NPs were in spherical shape, followed by EDX analysis which confirmed the presence of Zn-element. Antimicrobial effect of ZnO-NPs was investigated using different clinical pathogens like bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella Pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and fungi Aspergillus flavus, Candida albicans and Penicillium expansum and which confirmed ZnO-NPs efficiency as an antimicrobial agent. Antioxidant activity were ascertained to used for several biomedical applications. The ZnO-NPs was efficiently degraded the environmental toxic dyes (methylene blue and crystal violet) under sunlight. In support of photolight-degradation, the study was progressed to understand the ZnO-dye interaction stability using molecular mechanism and it was showing efficient bonding features in the NPs environment. Overall, this investigation have great potential for being an effective and eco-friendly materials was used in environmental applications.

Good-quality single crystals of 2- Amino-5-methylpyridinium phosphate (2A5MPP) have been grown by slow evaporation technique. The cell parameters of the grown crystals were studied and the crystal belongs to monoclinic structure with the space group P21/n. FTIR spectral analyses were carried out in order to determine the functional groups. The UV–visible absorption spectra were recorded for the grown crystal. The nonlinear refractive index and third order susceptibility values of 2A5MPP crystal are estimated using a Z-scan technique.

The present study investigates the adsorption and decolourisation efficacy of silica nanoparticles in textile effluent treatment. Silica nanoparticles synthesis was mediated by the indigenous actinomycetes species isolated from the effluent contaminated site using magnesium trisilicate hydrate as a substrate of silica. The presence of functional groups and morphological features of silica nanoparticles were confirmed by characterization techniques. The synthesized nanoparticles were further evaluated by encapsulating methods to study their viability and stability for treating effluents. The solids and toxic compounds concentrations were decreased in the effluents due to the immobilized silica nanoparticles treatment. The studies revealed 80% decolourisation efficiency for encapsulated native silica nanoparticles. Thus the present study suggests the use of immobilized silica nanoparticles in the form of encapsulation as a suitable technique to decolourise textile effluent by its adsorbent and decolourisation properties.

Hydrogen as a sustainable alternative fuel is recognized as a primary choice for future energy supply due to its high gravimetric energy density and zero carbon emission upon combustion. Electrochemical water splitting is a promising strategy for effective and sustainable hydrogen production. Nowadays, research is focused on developing non-precious, stable, and highly efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Among them, CoSe2 has attracted tremendous attention as HER electrocatalyst due to its unique electronic configuration that ensures fast charge transport, excellent catalytic activity, and good chemical stability. So far, a lot of reviews on electrocatalytic water splitting based on transition metal dichalcogenides and cobalt-based materials are reported. However, the review on CoSe2 electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction is limited up-to-date. Hence in the present review, a comprehensive literature survey on CoSe2 electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction is done and reported. In this review, the crystal structures of CoSe2, their phase transformation strategy, their hydrogen evolution reaction mechanism in acidic and alkaline electrolytes are highlighted. The various synthesis procedures adopted to produce CoSe2 based materials, the relation between its structure and composition with their electrocatalytic activities are discussed. Moreover, the effective ways to enhance the electrocatalytic performance of CoSe2 based materials such as its morphological modification, constructing heterostructures, and heteroatom doping are reviewed.

The chemistry of chalcone has been recognized as a significant field of study. Chalcone serve as to prepare starting materials for the synthesis of various heterocyclic compounds. From the backbone of reported literature, we have developed an alternative heterogeneous and simple catalytic system for the synthesis of chalcones via the oxidative condensation of benzyl alcohol with substituted acetophenone using metal nitrate supported HY-Zeolite as a catalyst. 30 mol% CAN supported HY-zeolite has been efficiently used as a catalyst for the oxidative condensation reaction of benzyl alcohol with substituted acetophenones in the presence of hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant in toluene to afford the corresponding chalcones in good to moderate yields. Docking studies were carried out for the synthesized compounds towards the protein Lysine aminotransferase using the software.

The present study investigates the presence of phytochemical compounds in the ethanol and methanol extract of Curculigo orchiodes, it was elucidated using Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry. Qualitative phytochemical compounds of both extracts reveal the presence of flavonoids, tannins, phenol, protein, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids, and carbohydrate and have a higher level compounds in ethanol extracts of C.orchiodes. Fifteen bioactive phytocompounds were identified in the ethanol and methanol extract of C.orchiodes. GCMS reveal the presence of 2-Furanmethanol, Cyclopentanone, 2-Methyl, Formic acid, 2-Propenyl ester, 2,5-Furandione, 3-Methyl, phenol 3-Methoxy-, 2-Methoxy-4-vinyl phenol, 1,2-Benzenediol, 3-methoxy-, n-Hexadecanoic acid and phytol which has medicinal property such as antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer and antioxidant. C.orchiodes was assayed for antibacterial activity against the tested microorganisms such as Escherichia Coli, Klebsiella Pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa using well diffusion method. Ethanol extract show the highest zone of inhibition ranging from 3.4±0.200 to 5.28±0.350 compared with standard antibiotics. From this study, results highlight that the ethanol extract of C.orchiodes will be a valuable source for the production of herbal medicine and maintaining human health.

A novel BiPO4/NH2-MIL-53(Fe) composite was synthesized through solvothermal method. Photocatalytic performances of the synthesized composites were evaluated by removal of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) and Indigo Carmine (IC) pollutants under visible light irradiation. It was revealed that BiPO4/NH2-MIL-53(Fe) composites displayed better photocatalytic performance than pure BiPO4 and NH2-MIL-53(Fe) catalysts individually. Among the composites optimal ratio is 3:1 of BiPO4/NH2-MIL-53(Fe) (BPM-1) exhibits the highest photocatalytic activity which is 80% and 94% removal of TCH and IC within 2 h. The enhancement in the photocatalytic activity is because of the more efficient visible light absorption and effective charge separation that makes the photo degradation process easier. The electrochemical impedance results of BPM-1 substantiated the reduction in there combination of electron–hole pairs in comparison to the bare materials. The composite also showed better catalytic reduction efficiency for 4-nitrophenol reduction. Recyclability test validates the better photochemical stability and reusability of BPM-1. This work will provide a new path to design and fabricate composite photocatalysts based on the metal organic framework for various pollutants degradation and reduction applications.

In the present work, a facile synthesis was applied for the silver-gold decorated yttrium oxide nanoparticles with the use of Justicia adhatoda (leaves extract) and [BMIM] PF6 (Ionic liquid) as a capping/stabilizing agent. The XRD analysis showed that Ag-Au/Y2O3 nanoparticles have a face-center cubic structure and crystallite size of 30 nm. The Y-O stretching bands were observed in the FT-IR spectrum at 464 to 495 cm−1. The band gap of the silver-gold decorated Y2O3 nanoparticles was estimated as 5.75 eV from the UV-DRS spectrum. In the SEM and TEM images, the morphology of silver-gold/Y2O3 nanoparticles shows a nanoflake-like structure. The presence of silver, gold, yttrium and oxygen of elements has been confirmed by the EDX spectrum. The antibacterial activity of the nanoparticles was evaluated for the Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) bacteria. The anticancer activity was also studied by the human cervical cancer cell line. The silver-gold decorated yttrium oxide nanoparticles revealed an exceptional microbicidal and antitumor activity when compared with yttrium oxide, silver decorated yttrium oxide and gold decorated yttrium oxide.

Flowers-like 3D hierarchical ternary NiCoMo-layered double hydroxide (NiCoMo-LDH) spheres have been fabricated in substrate-free route via a one-pot hydrothermal method and utilized as efficient electrocatalysts for the OER and HER. The well-structured 3D hierarchical flowers were composed of numerous two-dimensional nanosheets, which inherently possess considerable electrochemical active sites, thereby enhancing catalytic activity. NiMo and CoMo binary LDHs, with similar morphology, were also prepared to illustrate the efficiency of the ternary LDH. The results indicate higher electrocatalytic activity for the ternary LDH as compared to binary LDHs under alkaline conditions. The NiCoMo-LDH required an overpotential as low as 202 and 93 mV to deliver a constant anodic and cathodic current density of 10 mA cm−2 for the OER and HER, respectively. Furthermore, the NiCoMo-LDH exhibited remarkable HER activity, affording a low overpotential of 198 mV at a current density of −100 mA cm−2. Moreover, it could offer a stable current density of 10 mA cm−2 for overall water splitting at 1.62 V in 1 M KOH with long-term stability for 20 h. The double-layer capacitance (Cdl) value indicated that the NiCoMo-LDH significantly influenced interface conductivity and the electrochemical active surface area. The ternary NiCoMo-LDH electrode yielded low Tafel slope values of 54 and 51 mVdec−1 for the OER and HER. Owing to the efficient incorporation of Ni, Co, and Mo in a layered structure, synergetic effect, and high electrochemical surface area, the NiCoMo-LDH exhibited remarkable electrocatalytic activity. Such eco-friendly ternary LDHs can be used in rechargeable metal–air batteries for industrial applications.

The conductivity measurement for 3, 5-dinitro salicylic acid and ethanol – water mixed media containing various percentage of ethanol at room temperature are reported. There is an increase in conductivity with increasing the concentration of electrolyte was observed in the result. The final data used to study the nature of interaction between ion-solvent interactions and solvent- solvent in the system exists.

This work focused on the effects of electroforming ambient temperature and annealing process on the metal oxide multilayer switching resistive random access memory (RRAM) device. We developed Pt/HfO2/TiO2/HfO2/Pt RRAM cells with annealing and without annealing process. Annealed devices are electroformed at a high ambient temperature 80 °C (A-80). Non-annealed devices are electroformed at low atmosphere temperature 25 °C (NA-25). We investigate the outcomes of NA-25 and A-80 devices. Results confirmed that annealed and high ambient temperature formed devices (A-80) contribute to the low operating voltage, improved uniformity, and reliability compared to NA-25 device.

A simple one-step biosynthesis route has been adopted for the synthesis of high crystalline phase pure anatase TiO2 nanoparticles. The structural conformation and functional group analysis of the synthesized nanoparticles were made through X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), respectively. The optical property and the band gap were estimated by using UV-Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS). The surface morphological properties of the anatase TiO2 nanoparticles were confirmed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and the size of the synthesized nanoparticles are 8 nm. The element analysis was evaluated by using EDS and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The photocatalytic activity of the prepared sample was investigated by the decolourization of Methylene blue dye under UV and solar light irradiation. The maximum dye removal efficiency of 99.2% was observed for solar light irradiation. Besides, the prepared samples also exhibit excellent antibacterial activity against Klebsilla Pneumoniae and Streptococcus Pneumoniae. The antibacterial activity for the synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles show maximum zone of inhibition (23.5 mm). Thus, the biogenic property of the bioprocessed TiO2 nanoparticles is a potential material for environmental and biomedical applications. [Formula: see text]

Fourteen new RuII -arene (p-cymene/benzene) complexes (C1-C14) have been synthesized by varying the N-terminal substituent in the furoylthiourea ligand and satisfactorily characterized by using analytical and spectroscopic techniques. Electrostatic potential maps predicted that the electronic effect of the substituents was mostly localized, with some influence seen on the labile chloride ligands. The structure-activity relationships of the Ru-p-cymene and Ru-benzene complexes showed opposite trends. All the complexes were found to be highly toxic towards IMR-32 cancer cells, with C5 (Ru-p-cymene complex containing C6 H2 (CH3 )3 as N-terminal substituent) and C13 (Ru-benzene complex containing C6 H4 (CF3 ) as N-terminal substituent) showing the highest activity among each set of complexes, and hence they were chosen for further study. These complexes showed different behavior in aqueous solutions, and were also found to catalytically oxidize glutathione. They also promoted cell death by apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, the complexes showed good binding ability with the receptors Pim-1 kinase and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, commonly overexpressed in cancer cells.

Penicillin-binding proteins are the primary targets for beta lactam drugs, which are main stay of treatment for Streptococcus pneumoniae. The emergence of increased penicillin resistance in meninge...

The active ingredient, called piperine, is present in black pepper. The ions are very small so they are easily consumed by the tissue and nervous system, causing the chemical release within the brain. Piperine has been shown to help ease gastrointestinal ailments, help with vomiting, and has the ability to help with inflammation of the body. This explains to us how simvastatin can help expedite piperine in the body. The new, clear, effective, quick, accurate ultraviolet spectrophotometric method has to be validated and developed for the study of simvastatin and piperine in bulk and poly-herbal formulations. Data from validation experiments was tested using methodological techniques. Since processing at a wavelength of 285nm, the standard solution appeared to have a far higher absorbance than at other wavelengths. Normal simvastatin and piperine have been measured in varying amounts, and they make spectrums of overlays. In Beer Law, the concentration (C) of a solvent is plotted against the absorbance (A) from a calibration curve, as a result. A linearity range of between 14and 39μg/mL was observed. The sample was tested by prorating the standard deviation and standard error of the approximate means with the sample size, demonstrating the accuracy and the precision of the methods used in the analysis. Based on the experimental findings, it can be easily inferred that for UV spectrometry estimation of simvastatin and piperine from pharmaceutical intravenous liquid formulation, the proposed method is very simple, fast, accurate, precise, economical and reproducible.

In the present study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized using the stem aqueous extracts of Cissus quadrangularis (Cq) and characterized using UV, FTIR, XRD, TEM, SAED and EDAX. The synthesized Cq-ZnO NPs showed its optical absorbance at 378 nm and observed as spherical particles with a size of about ~ 75 to 90 nm. The potential antibacterial activity of Cq-ZnO NPs showed an effective inhibition of M. smegmatis at 50 µg/ml when compared to other bacterial species. The antiproliferative effect was observed at 100 μg/ml on MIA PaCa-2 cell lines with IC50 value of 7.02 ± 0.02 µg/ml at 24 h. The synthesized Cq-ZnO NPs was found potential activity against bacterial pathogens and cancer cells. Therefore, they may possibly be employed as useful antibacterial and antiproliferative agents.

The plant material in the diet that is resistant to enzymatic digestion is defined as “dietary fibre”. The primary ingredients that are classified as dietary fibres are cellulose, hemicellulose, pectic substances, gums, mucilages and lignin etc. Dietary fibre naturally exist in foods that are consumed daily viz.,cereals, fruits, vegetables and nuts. The diets with high content of fibre have shown benefits in multiple areas and systems in maintaining a mileu’-interior. Processing of foods leads to various changes in physical, chemical, enzymatic and thermal treatments, which may affect the composition of total fiber present in the diet.Fibres included in the diet leads to various changes in the qualitative aspects of the food that is processed. Favourable outcomes have been reported in various commodities such as cereals,bread,yoghurt and beverages. The importance and the uses of fibres in diet is an area of constant interest which needs to be explored further and our paper reviews and explains the relation between dietary fibres and their benefits, primarily in children [1]

The present study investigates the potential of the phosphoric acid-treated Chlorella sorokiniana biomass in the adsorption of chromium ions. The Chlorella sorokiniana species used for acid modification is waste-based biomass generated from biofuel extraction. The biodiesel preparation process utilizes the C. sp grown at in situ conditions in open pond systems. The SEM imaging of the phosphoric acid-treated biomass shows an improved morphology required for the sorption of metal ions. Meanwhile, BET analysis results presented that the acid-treated biomass is macro-porous. Besides, TGA and FTIR studies captured the functional group changes occurred in the chemically modified biomass. Further, the stability of the prepared adsorbent is confirmed in the zeta potential studies. The present study also delves into the study of process parameters on the uptake of metal ions. The result shows an increased uptake efficiency of 89.5% for 100 mg/L chromium solution at a pH of 2. Another key finding in the study is the rapid sorption of metal ions in the first 10 min of contact time. In addition, the isotherm and kinetic studies establish the inclination of the studied system towards Freundlich and pseudo-second-order models, respectively. Thus, the current study unveils the possibility of reusing C. sp waste biomass to remove chromium contaminants from an aqueous solution.

Candida albicans and Staphylococcus epidermidis are important opportunistic human pathogens, which form mixed-species biofilms and cause recalcitrant device associated infections in clinical settin...

Aluminium metal matrix composites with hybrid reinforcement were known for its superior performance and has its application as light weight material in all industries viz., aerospace, automobile, medical military and construction sector. In order to expand its usages and advantages further, investigation was carried on Surface Roughness of Al7050 metal matrix reinforced with Titanium Carbide (4, 8, 12% wt) and Boron Nitride (2, 3, 4% wt) fabricated through compo-casting process. Milling operation was performed on Al7050 (TiC/BN) composite as work piece and the effect of speed (500 – 1500 rpm) and feed rate (100 – 300 mm/min) on surface roughness was measured using potable surface roughness tester. The ANOVA results reveal that TiC has high substantial influence on surface roughness followed by speed of cut and feed rate while BN has less significance. The relationship between process parameters and surface roughness is established through regression equation developed using Minitab 13.

Neem extract coated iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized and investigated for the removal of chromium ions from aqueous solution. The crystallite size of the nanoparticles has been found to be 13.4 nm. FTIR analyses confirmed the occurrence of alcoholic and phenolic groups of the neem extract in the synthesized nanoparticles. Additionally, the TGA analysis helped in estimating the percentage of organic capping in the nanoparticles. Further, SEM analyses were carried out to understand the morphology and dispersion of nanoparticles before and after adsorption. The temperature studies established the likelihood of chemical adsorption based on the endothermic nature of adsorption. The batch experiments were conducted to understand the influence of concentration, pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and temperature on adsorption efficiency. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity obtained from the Langmuir model was found to be 66.2 mg/g. The results of the pseudo second order model revealed the rapid adsorption kinetics with 50% of adsorption occurring in the first 20 min.

Six different acylthiourea ligands (L1–L6) and their corresponding Ru(II)-p-cymene complexes (P1–P6) were designed to explore the structure–activity relationship of the complexes upon aliphatic chain and aromatic conjugation on the C- and N-terminals, respectively. The compounds were synthesized and adequately characterized using various analytical and spectroscopic techniques. The structures of P2–P6, solved using single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD), confirmed the neutral monodentate coordination of the S atoms of the acylthiourea ligands to Ru(II) ions. In silico studies showed an increase of lipophilicity for the ligands with an increase in alkyl chain length or aromatic conjugation at the C- or N-terminal, respectively. Subsequently, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) were predicted as one of the primary targets for the complexes, which showed good binding affinity towards extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1, ERK2 and ERK5), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 of the MAPK pathway. Henceforth, the complexes were tested for their anticancer activity in lung carcinoma (A549) and cisplatin-resistant lung carcinoma (cisA549R) cells and human umbilical vein epithelial normal cells (HUVEC). Interestingly, an increase in chain length or aromatic conjugation led to an increase in the activity of the complexes, with P5 (7.73 and 13.04 μM) and P6 (6.52 and 14.45 μM) showing the highest activity in A549 and cisA549R cells, which is better than the positive control, cisplatin (8.72 and 44.28 μM). Remarkably, we report the highest activity yet observed for complexes of the type [(η6-p-cymene)RuIICl2(S-acylthiourea)] in the tested cell lines. Aqueous solution studies showed that complexes P5 and P6 are rapidly hydrolyzed to produce solely aquated species that remained stable for 24 h. Staining assays and flow cytometric analyses of P5 and P6 in A549 cells revealed that the complexes induced apoptosis and arrested the cell cycle predominantly in the S phase. In vivo studies demonstrated the higher toxicity of cisplatin and a comparatively higher survival rate of mice injected with the most active complex P6. Histological analyses revealed that treatment with P6 at high doses of up to 8 mg kg−1 did not cause any palpable damage to the tested organs.

Aluminium metal matrix composites (AMMC) have potential demand in various structural applications such as aerospace, construction, automobile and even in medical fields due to their remarkable characteristics in comparison with conventional alloys. Al7050 is widely adopted and suitable alloy among the Al-7xxx series for transportation applications. The physical, mechanical, tribological and microstructure characteristics of Al7050 metal matrix can still be improved with the addition of suitable reinforcing materials. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of titanium as reinforcement material in Al7050 MMC and to elaborate on the change in mechanical characteristics due to the addition of reinforcement.

In this paper, the impacts of including Zirconium Oxide (ZrO2) on the mechanical properties of Nylon 6 (N6) based composites were researched. N6 was fortified with ZrO2 by fluctuating the weight extents. The test examples for mechanical and tests were shaped in an injection moulding machine. The mechanical properties of N6, ZrO2 fortified N6 polymer composites were researched as far as malleable, flexural, effect and hardness tests. The N6 composite containing 10 wt% ZrO2 uncovered the better mechanical practices. Checking electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze the break surfaces microstructure of malleable test. The expansion of ZrO2 upgrades the existence state of ordinary N6 positively. Additionally, this composite displays more grounded interfacial holding qualities with improved mechanical attributes.

Background: The present case–control study evaluated the association of PON1 gene polymorphisms and enzyme activity in the western Indian population. Materials & methods: Angiographically proven coronary artery disease (CAD) formed the cases. PON1 polymorphisms (Q192R, L55M) and enzymatic activity (paraoxonase) were assessed. Results: A total of 502 participants (251 per group) were studied. PON1 Q192R and L55M polymorphisms were not associated with the risk of CAD. Notably, a weak association was observed between Q192R polymorphisms and the risk of CAD. CAD patients had significantly lower PON1 enzymatic activity (U/L) as compared with the controls regardless of the genotype. Conclusion: Low serum PON1 activity was confirmed to be an independent predictor for the risk of CAD.

The current study aims to the preparation and assessment of novel oral mucoadhesive multiple-unit mini patches (MMMP) of lansoprazole (LAN) for extended-release. MMMP of LAN in enteric-coated capsules were prepared and evaluated using chitosan in combination with xanthan gum, guar gum, tragacanth or acacia in the ratios of 19:1, 9:1, 4:1, 1.5:1 and 0.66:1 employing 2% acetic acid as a solvent for chitosan, purified water as a solvent for natural gum polymers and glycerin 0.12 mL as a plasticizer. The prepared films (0.5 mm dia) were filled into hard gelatin capsules which were enteric-coated. The prepared MMMP were characterized for surface texture, thickness, folding endurance, moisture content, moisture uptake, mucoadhesive strength, drug content uniformity, In vitro drug release and accelerated stabiliity studies. The SEM photographs showed the rough to smooth pattern of surfaces of patches. The thickness of MMMP found between 43.62±0.27 and 49.53±0.11 mm; mean weight was between 13.81+0.14 and 14.94+0.15 mg; a percentage of swelling was between 215±5.39 and 473±6.72; moisture content was between 1.04±0.06 and 2.67±0.24; mucoadhesion was found between 5.5+0.2 and 12.3+0.6 h and the drug content was found between 95.08±3.42% and 99.16±4.73% for all formulations.

The kynurenine pathway (KP) is a strategic metabolic system that combines regulation of neuronal excitability via glutamate receptor function and neuroinflammation via other KP metabolites. This pathway has great promise in treatment of depression and suicidality. The KP modulator AV-101 (4-chlorokynurenine, 4-Cl-KYN), an oral prodrug of 7-chlorokynurenic acid (7-Cl-KYNA), an N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) glycine site antagonist, and of 4-chloro-3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (4-Cl-3-HAA), a suppressor of NMDAR agonist quinolinic acid (QUIN), is a promising potential antidepressant that targets glutamate functioning via the KP. However, a recent placebo-controlled clinical trial of AV-101 in depression found negative results. This raises the question of whether AV-101 can penetrate the brain and engage the NMDAR and KP effectively. To address this problem, ten healthy US military veterans (mean age = 32.6 years ± 6.11; 1 female) completed a phase-1 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study to examine dose-related effects of AV-101 (720 and 1440 mg) on NMDAR engagement measured by γ-frequency band auditory steady-state response (40 Hz ASSR) and resting EEG. Linear mixed models revealed that 1440 mg AV-101, but not 720 mg, increased 40 Hz ASSR and 40 Hz ASSR γ-inter-trial phase coherence relative to placebo. AV-101 also increased 4-Cl-KYN, 7-Cl-KYNA, 4-Cl-3-HAA, 3-HAA, and KYNA in a dose-dependent manner, without affecting KYN and QUIN. AV-101 was safe and well tolerated. These results corroborate brain target engagement of 1440 mg AV-101 in humans, consistent with blockade of interneuronal NMDAR blockade. Future studies should test higher doses of AV-101 in depression. Suicidal behavior, which has been associated with high QUIN and low KYNA, is also a potential target for AV-101.

We have shown, the outcome of antifungal activity of phenazine derivatives which is produced by fluorescent pseudomonads (FPs) for the control of sheath blight of rice. A total of 50 fluorescent pseudomonads (FPs) were isolated from rice rhizosphere. Off which, 36 FPs exhibited antagonistic activity against Rhizoctonia solani, Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria alternata and Sclerotium rolfsii up to 70-80% compared to control by dual culture method. BOX-PCR analyses of antagonistic isolates indicated that two phylogenetic group, where group I consisted of 28 isolates and eight isolates belongs to group II. Among 36 FPs, a total of 10 FPs revealed that the presence of phenazine derivatives on thin layer chromatography (TLC), which is coincided with that of authentic phenazine with Rf value 0.57. Similar to TLC analysis, antibiotic encoding gene phenazine-1-carboxamide (PCN) was detected in 10 FPs by PCR analysis with respective primer. Among, PCN detected isolates of FPs, a significant biocontrol potential possessing isolate designated as VSMKU1 and it was showed prominent antifungal activity against R. solani and other tested fungal pathogens. Hence, the isolate VSMKU1 was selected for further studies. The selected isolate VSMKU1 was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa by 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The antifungal metabolite phenazine like compound produced by VSMKU1 was confirmed by UV, FT-IR and HPLC analysis. The phenazine compound from VSMKU1 significantly arrest the growth of R. solani compared to carbendazim by well diffusion method. The detached leaf assay showed remarkable inhibition of lesion height 80 to 85% by the treatments of culture (VSMKU1), cell free culure filtrate and phenazine like compound compared to control and other treatments was observed in detached leaves of rice. These results emphasized that VSMKU1 isolate can be used as an alternative potential biocontrol agent against sheath blight of rice, instead of using commercial fungicide such as validamycin and carbendazim which cause environmental pollution and health hazards.

The standard of care for patients with acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) relapsing after front-line treatment with arsenic trioxide (ATO)-based regimens remains to be defined. A total of 67 patients who relapsed after receiving ATO-based up-front therapy and were also salvaged using an ATO-based regimen were evaluated. The median (range) age of patients was 28 (4-54) years. While 63/67 (94%) achieved a second molecular remission (MR) after salvage therapy, three (4·5%) died during salvage therapy. An autologous stem cell transplant (auto-SCT) was offered to all patients who achieved MR, 35/63 (55·6%) opted for auto-SCT the rest were administered an ATO + all-trans retinoic acid maintenance regimen. The mean (SD) 5-year Kaplan-Meier estimate of overall survival and event-free survival of those who received auto-SCT versus those who did not was 90·3 (5·3)% versus 58·6 (10·4)% (P = 0·004), and 87·1 (6·0)% versus 47·7 (10·3)% (P = 0·001) respectively. On multivariate analysis, failure to consolidate MR with an auto-SCT was associated with a significantly increased risk of relapse [hazard ratio (HR) 4·91, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·56-15·41; P = 0·006]. MR induction with ATO-based regimens followed by an auto-SCT in children and young adults with relapsed APL who were treated with front-line ATO-based regimens was associated with excellent long-term survival.

Preparation of multilayer films using the layer-by-layer (LbL) technique via hydrogen bonding has recently gained increasing research interest and has potential in diverse areas of research, especially in the biomedical field. However, the scope of these hydrogen-bonded multilayer films in separation science is quasi-unexplored. In this work, ultrathin multilayer membranes were prepared by the LbL deposition of tannic acid (TA) and poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline)s via hydrogen-bonding (HB) and hydrophobic interactions. The potential of these membranes in aqueous filtrations was demonstrated as they show high retention (>95%) for both positively (malachite green oxalate) (MGO) and negatively charged (Rose Bengal) (RB) dyes and even 95% retention for the much smaller and neutral micropollutant bisphenol A (BPA) (228 g/mol). Nanofiltration (NF) performances of three variants of poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline), namely, poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) (PMEOx), poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEtOx), and poly(2-n-propyl-2-oxazoline) (PPropOx), were compared revealing an increase in retention and decrease in permeance with increasing hydrophobicity of the poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline)s. Even though the reported HB multilayer membranes appear to be promising candidates for aqueous filtrations, their permeance is currently still about an order of magnitude too low for real-life applications due to the formation of rather dense hydrogen-bonded layers.

The current study proposes the use of magnetic beads for the treatment of nickel ions of the industrial wastewater system. More specifically, the removal of nickel ions is studied in single and multi-metal ion systems which enabled the scalability of nano-enabled technology to industrial systems. The current synthesis neither involves expensive precursors nor complex procedures. Indeed, the improved surface properties of the adsorbent are due to the use of Lantana camara, in the synthesis. The surface properties and functional attributes of the magnetic beads were characterized by FTIR and SEM analyses. The breakthrough experiments were done for selected column depths, varying feed flow rates and metal ion concentrations. In particular, the interventions of the interfering ions of the electroplating effluents are captured in the breakthrough analysis. Besides the lowest bed capacity reported in the multi-metal systems, the column operated with nickel ions showed a maximum bed capacity of 12.36 mg/g at a flow rate of 2 mL/min in the 20 cm bed. Furthermore, an extended breakthrough time of 780 min is obtained for 50 mg/L nickel ion solution at a flow rate of 2 mL/min. In addition, the modelling of breakthrough curves using Thomas, Yoon–Nelson and BDST models have shown reasonable fits. In addition, repeated cycles of regeneration studies showed improved efficiency of 65% in the first cycle. More specifically, the alginate validated the selective preferential adsorption of cationic substances over anionic components in the studied column.