Search

Corrosion behavior of parent and weld materials of F82H and JPCA was studied in the circulating LBE loop under impinging flow. These are candidate materials for Japanese Accelerator Driven System (ADS) beam windows. Maximum temperatures were kept to 450 and 500 °C with 100 °C constant temperature difference. Main flow velocity was 0.4–0.6 m/s in every case. Oxygen concentration was controlled to 2–4 × 10−5 mass% although there was one exception. Testing time durations were 500–3000 h. Round bar type specimens were put in the circular tube of the loop. An electron beam weld in the middle of specimens was also studied. Optical microscopy, electron microscopy, X-ray element analyses and X-ray diffraction were used to investigate corrosion in these materials. Consequently corrosion depth and stability of those oxide layers were characterized based on the analyses. For a long-term behavior a linear law is recommended to predict corrosion in the ADS target design.

The accelerator-driven nuclear transmutation system aims at transmuting minor actinides (MAs) and long-lived fission products to stable or short-lived nuclei. A feasibility design study of the proton beam window, which is an interface component between an accelerator and a nuclear reactor, needs a method to be able to evaluate heat transfer characteristics of the beam window under flowing lead bismuth. However, the validity of the numerical simulation model of the beam window has not been proven yet and a database on heat transfer characteristics has also not been established. Two experiments were conducted: one was particle image velocimetry measurement around the beam window in flowing water and the other was temperature measurement at the beam window under flowing lead bismuth. Numerical simulation was also done to validate the beam window model for design work. Results show that heat transfer characteristics of the beam window averaged in space and time under flowing lead bismuth was formulized by the experimental equation. The numerical simulation model can estimate the mean heat transfer coefficient. However, the local heat transfer coefficient was not stable: it fluctuates with time and even in space, especially around the stagnation point. The reason is discussed in detail.

Mitochondrial dysfunction causes increased oxidative stress and depletion of ATP, which are involved in the etiology of a variety of renal diseases, such as CKD, AKI, and steroid–resistant nephrotic syndrome. Antioxidant therapies are being investigated, but clinical outcomes have yet to be determined. Recently, we reported that a newly synthesized indole derivative, mitochonic acid 5 (MA-5), increases cellular ATP level and survival of fibroblasts from patients with mitochondrial disease. MA-5 modulates mitochondrial ATP synthesis independently of oxidative phosphorylation and the electron transport chain. Here, we further investigated the mechanism of action for MA-5. Administration of MA-5 to an ischemia-reperfusion injury model and a cisplatin–induced nephropathy model improved renal function. In in vitro bioenergetic studies, MA-5 facilitated ATP production and reduced the level of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) without affecting activity of mitochondrial complexes I–IV. Additional assays revealed that MA-5 targets the mitochondrial protein mitofilin at the crista junction of the inner membrane. In Hep3B cells, overexpression of mitofilin increased the basal ATP level, and treatment with MA-5 amplified this effect. In a unique mitochondrial disease model (Mitomice with mitochondrial DNA deletion that mimics typical human mitochondrial disease phenotype), MA-5 improved the reduced cardiac and renal mitochondrial respiration and seemed to prolong survival, although statistical analysis of survival times could not be conducted. These results suggest that MA-5 functions in a manner differing from that of antioxidant therapy and could be a novel therapeutic drug for the treatment of cardiac and renal diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction.

Ruthenium(II)–acetonitrile complexes having pentadentate tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (tpa) derivatives with coordinated amide CO groups were prepared and characterized by various spectroscopic metho...

Tris(2-pyridylemthyl)amine (TPA) derivatives having two amide moieties at the 6-positions of the two pyridine rings of TPA and their Ru(II) complexes were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic methods, X-ray crystallography, and electrochemical measurements. The complexes prepared were [RuCl(L)]PF(6) (L = N,N-bis(6-(1-naphthoylamide)-2-pyridylmethyl)-N-(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (1), N,N-bis(6-(2-naphthoylamide)-2-pyridylmethyl)-N-(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (2), N,N-bis(6-(isobutyrylamide)-2-pyridylmethyl)-N-(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (3)); the crystal structures of the three compounds were established by X-ray crystallography. In variable-temperature (1)H NMR spectra of 1 and 2 in CD(3)CN solutions, the pi-pi stacking in 1 was too rigid to exhibit any fluxional motions in NMR measurements; however, the pi-pi stacking of 2 was weaker and showed fluxional behavior in nearly T-shaped pi-pi interaction for the 2-naphthly groups (DeltaH degrees = -2.3 kJ mol(-1); DeltaG degrees = -0.9 kJ mol(-1) and DeltaS degrees = -7.7 J mol(-1) K(-1) at 233 K in CD(3)CN). For each of these three complexes, one of the amide moieties coordinated to the Ru(II) center through an amide oxygen. The other uncoordinated amide N-H formed intramolecular hydrogen bonding which remained intact even in aqueous media, indicating the intramolecular hydrogen bonding was geometrically compelled to form. The amide coordination is also stabilized and strengthened by the hydrogen bonding, so that the structure of each compound is maintained in solution. It is suggested that this hydrogen bonding lowers the redox potentials of the Ru(II) centers due to polarization of the coordinated amide C=O bond, in which the oxygen atom becomes more electrostatically negative and its electron-donating ability is strengthened. The N-H protons in the coordinated amide moieties were found to undergo a reversible deprotonation-protonation process, and the redox potentials of the Ru(II) centers could be regulated in the range of 500 mV in CH(3)CN solutions. The Pourbaix diagram for 1 clearly showed that this proton-coupled redox behavior is a one-electron/one-proton process, and the pK(a) value was estimated to be approximately 6.

An enolate-like intermediate A derived from 1,2-dioxo-3-isopropyloxy-4-methyl-3-cyclobutene ( 6 ) has proven to be a novel nucleophilic synthon for an aldol condensation reaction with an arylaldehyde to give a variety of 4-hydroxy-2,3-dioxocyclobut-1-enyl group (Sq group)-containing cinnamic acid derivatives.

Olopatadine hydrochloride (olopatadine, 11-[(Z)-3-(dimethylamino)propylidene]-6,11-dihydrodibenz[b,e]oxepin-2-acetic acid monohydrochloride) is a novel antiallergic/histamine H1-receptor antagonistic drug that was synthesized and evaluated in our laboratories. Oral administration of olopatadine at doses of 0.03 mg/kg or higher inhibited the symptoms of experimental allergic skin responses, rhinoconjunctivitis and bronchial asthma in sensitized guinea pigs and rats. Olopatadine is a selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist possessing inhibitory effects on the release of inflammatory lipid mediators such as leukotriene and thromboxane from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and eosinophils. Olopatadine also inhibited the tachykininergic contraction in the guinea pig bronchi by prejunctional inhibition of peripheral sensory nerves. Olopatadine exerted no significant effects on action potential duration in isolated guinea pig ventricular myocytes, myocardium and human ether-a-go-go-related gene channel. Olopatadine was highly and rapidly absorbed in healthy human volunteers. The urinary excretion of olopatadine accounted for not less than 58% and the contribution of metabolism was considerably low in the clearance of olopatadine in humans. Olopatadine is one of the few renal clearance drugs in antiallergic drugs. Olopatadine was shown to be useful for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and chronic urticaria in double-blind clinical trials. Olopatadine was approved in Japan for the treatment of allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria, eczema dermatitis, prurigo, pruritus cutaneous, psoriasis vulgaris and erythema exsudativum multiforme in December, 2000. Ophthalmic solution of olopatadine was also approved in the United States for the treatment of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis in December, 1996 (Appendix: also in the European Union, it was approved in February 2002).

We investigated whether the polycation poly-L-arginine elicited cutaneous vascular hyperpermeability and scratching behavior and, if so, whether these responses involved mast cells and sensory nerves in rats. Intradermal injections of poly-L-arginine induced vascular hyperpermeability and scratching behavior. Combined treatment with chlorpheniramine and methysergide almost completely suppressed the poly-L-arginine (50 microg/site)-induced plasma leakage. Capsaicin desensitization and the tachykinin NK(1) receptor antagonist LY303870, (R)-1-[N-(2-methoxybenzyl)acetylamino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2-[N-(2-(4-(piperidin-1-yl)piperidin-1-yl)acetyl)amino]propane, partially inhibited the leakage. In mast cell-deficient rats, poly-L-arginine only minimally induced plasma leakage. On the other hand, capsaicin desensitization and LY303870, but not chlorpheniramine or methysergide, suppressed the poly-L-arginine (200 microg/site)-induced scratching. Moreover, poly-L-arginine elicited the scratching even in mast cell-deficient rats. These results suggest that substance P is at least partly involved in both the cutaneous plasma leakage and the scratching behavior induced by poly-L-arginine. Moreover, mast cell-derived amines are suggested to be involved in the plasma extravasation but scarcely, if any, in the scratching behavior.

The effect of erdosteine, a mucoactive drug, on hypochlorous acid (HOCl)-induced lung injury, and the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced increase in tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production and neutrophil recruitment into the airway, was investigated. Male BALB/c mice were orally administered erdosteine (3–100 mg kg−1), ambroxol hydrochloride (ambroxol) (3–30 mg kg−1), S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine (S-CMC) (100–600 mg kg−1) or prednisolone (10 mg kg−1), 1h before intratracheal injection of HOC1 or LPS. In the HOCl-injected mice, erdosteine markedly suppressed increases in the ratios of lung wet weight to bodyweight and lung dry weight to bodyweight, whereas the other mucoactive drugs ambroxol and S-CMC had little effect. Erdosteine also inhibited the LPS-induced neutrophil influx, although it did not affect the increased level of TNF-α in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The results suggest that attenuation of reactive oxygen species and neutrophil recruitment is involved in the clinical efficacy of erdosteine in the treatment of chronic bronchitis.

Syntheses of novel amino acids possessing a squaryl group, 1−3, in an optically active form are described. The syntheses of 1−3 were conducted by a concise route involving (1) an aldol addition of an enolate derived from Gly, l-Asp, or l-Glu to diisopropyl squarate (4) and (2) an efficient decarboxylation of the aldol adducts based on the electron-withdrawing property of the squaryl group. Introducing N-protected group to 2 and 3 and peptide formation reactions are also described.

It is favorable for the bolometer material used as an uncooled infrared detector device to have large TCR (temperature coefficient of resistance) near room temperature. La1-xCaxMnOz (LCMO) not only shows colossal magnetoresistance, but also has large TCR for the bolometer material. LCMO thin films deposited on LaA103 in several conditions by laser ablation method and were measured their resistivities to estimate TCR and analyzed their mechanism for the oxygen deficiency effect. As a result, we have got thin films which show large TCR by changing oxygen pressure in verger and anneal temperature. The oxygen deficiency effect clarifies to us that it is possible to apply LCMO thin films to bolometer materials.

Olefination of dialkyl squarates 1–5 with several ylides 6 and phosphonates 7 gave the corresponding alkylidene products 8–12 . In the case of Horner-Emmons reactions, stereoselective formation of Z -alkylidene products was observed. An acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of 8–12 gave squarylacetic acid esters 13 .

Abstruct Pattern dynamics in a weakly nonlinear regime near the onset of the electrohydrodynamic instability (EHDI) is experimentally investigated in the homeotropic alignment of nematic liquid crystals, of which morphology is introduced. The wavy, chain and bamboo-chevron patterns are observed in homeotropic samples as new patterns. The Busse balloon is also obtained which is quite different from the conventional balloons in EHDI in planar liquid crystals.

The quantitative experimental study of the Eckhaus instability in one-dimensional systems is carried out, employing electrohydrodynamic convection in a nematic layer. The obtained Busse balloon is in good agreement with that predicted by the Eckhaus theory. However, the observed changes of the wavenumber for unstable roll patterns, caused by the Eckhaus instability, as well as the growth rates for the corresponding spatial modes differ dramatically from those the theory yields for the most unstable Eckhaus modes. Possible reasons for the disagreement are discussed.

The electrohydrodynamic pattern forming instability (EHC) driven by an ac voltage applied to a homeotropically aligned nematic liquid crystal layer is experimentally studied near onset. By controlling an external magnetic field, many different scenarios become accessible. For finite fields various regular convective structures are observed, which we call, for example, wavy, chain, and bamboo-chevron patterns. The various types are documented with the help of a phase diagram governed by the frequency and the strength of the applied ac voltage. In addition the stability regimes in the voltage−wavenumber plane (the “Busse balloon”) are mapped out. One finds significant differences from the conventional planar case, for which a theoretical analysis is lacking so far. For zero magnetic field, on the other hand, no regular structure is observed, even immediately above the onset of EHC. A new spatiotemporally chaotic pattern called the soft mode turbulence directly appears via a supercritical bifurcation from th...

Olefination of dialkyl squarates 1–5 with several ylides 6 and phosphonates 7 gave the corresponding alkylidene products 8–12 . In the case of Horner-Emmons reactions, stereoselective formation of Z -alkylidene products was observed. An acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of 8–12 gave squarylacetic acid esters 13 .

An enolate-like intermediate A derived from 1,2-dioxo-3-isopropyloxy-4-methyl-3-cyclobutene ( 6 ) has proven to be a novel nucleophilic synthon for an aldol condensation reaction with an arylaldehyde to give a variety of 4-hydroxy-2,3-dioxocyclobut-1-enyl group (Sq group)-containing cinnamic acid derivatives.

A boric acid concentration meter was developed for continuous measurment of the 10B concentration in heavy water in a nuclear reactor. The principle of the meter is based on slowingdown of fast neutrons from a radioisotopic neutron source by heavy water and absorption of slowed-down neutrons by 10B depending on its concentraion.The errors in the measurement are casused by temperature changes, photoneutron generation etc. in sampled heavy water and instrumental instability of a neutron measuring system. Laboratory tests with fresh heavy water containing no γ-emitter and demonstration tests at "FUGEN" power plant were carried out, to evaluate the factors of errors separately, and correction techniques for photoneutrons etc. were developed.The results of the tests showed that the meter developed had a measurement precision better than ±0.1ppm 10B in a range of 0-30ppm 10B.

A series of mononuclear RU III complexes [RuCl 2 (L)] + , where L is tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (TPA) or one of four TPA derivatives as tetradentate ligand, were prepared and characterized by spectroscopic methods, X-ray crystallography, and electrochemical measurements. The geometry of a Ru lll complex having a non-threefold-symmetric TPA ligand bearing one dimethylnicotinamide moiety was determined to show that the nicotine moiety resides trans to a pyridine group, but not to the chlorido ligand. The substituents of the TPA ligands were shown to regulate the redox potential of the ruthenium center, as indicated by a linear Hammett plot in the range of 200 mV for Ru lll /RU lV couples with a relatively large p value (+ 0.150). These complexes act as effective catalysts for alkane functionalization in acetonitrile with m-chloroperbenzoic acid (mCPBA) as terminal oxidant at room temperature. They exhibited fairly good reactivity for oxidation of cyclohexane (C-H bond energy 94 kcalmol -1 ), and the reactivity can be altered significantly by the electronic effects of substituents on TPA ligands in terms of initial rates and turnover numbers. Catalytic oxygenation of cyclohexane by a Ru lll complex with 16 O-mCPBA in the presence of H 2 18 O gave 16 O-labeled cyclohexanol with 100% inclusion of the 18 O atom from the water molecule. Resonance Raman spectra under catalytic conditions without the substrate indicate formation of a RU IV =O intermediate with lower bonding energy. Kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) in the oxidation of cyclohexane suggest that hydrogen abstraction is the rate-determining step and the KIE values depend on the substituents of the TPA ligands. Thus, the reaction mechanism of catalytic cyclohexane oxygenation depends on the electronic effects of the ligands.

A Ru(II) complex with a hydrophobic cavity formed from two 1-naphthoylamide groups was prepared. Its reactions with beta-diketones gave beta-diketonato complexes in which hydrophobic pi-pi or CH/pi interactions were confirmed by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. In the case of the asymmetric beta-diketone benzoylacetone, an isomer with a CH/pi interaction was afforded as the sole product owing to thermodynamic control. The reaction was found to involve a novel intramolecular rearrangement from the phenyl-included isomer to the methyl-included one without rupture of Ru-beta-diketonato coordination bonds (activation energy 52 kJ mol(-1)). This indicates that CH/pi interactions can be more favored thermodynamically than pi-pi interactions in a suitable hydrophobic environment.

Rhythmical contractions accompanied by an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations were produced in ring preparations of endothelium-denuded pulmonary arteries from monocrotaline-treated rats, but not in those from vehicle-treated rats, 2-3 h after a resting tension of 15 mN (150-180% of the initial wall length of the artery) was applied. The rhythmical contractions were abolished by nicardipine and ryanodine. Cyclopiazonic acid reduced the relaxation phase of the rhythmical contractions, finally leading to a sustained contraction. Similarly, apamin caused a sustained contraction, whereas charybdotoxin increased the amplitude of the rhythmical contractions. Glibenclamide had no apparent effects on them. Indomethacin and the prostaglandin H2/thromboxane A2 receptor antagonist SQ29548 abolished the rhythmical contractions and reduced the tension, but the thromboxane synthase inhibitor ozagrel had no effect. These results suggest that optimal stretch induces rhythmical contractions in the pulmonary arteries of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertensive rats, to which both Ca2+ influx through voltage-operated Ca2+ channels and Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum seem to contribute. It is also suggested that small-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K+ channels participate in the relaxation phase of rhythmical contractions. Furthermore, prostaglandin H2 released from nonendothelial cells is likely to play a pivotal role in the induction of rhythmical contractions.

Intradermal injections of poly-L-arginine induce cutaneous vascular hyperpermeability and scratching behavior in rats. Recently, we elucidated that the plasma extravasation involved both histamine and substance P, while the scratching behavior involved substance P, but not histamine. This study examined the effects of olopatadine hydrochloride (olopatadine), an antiallergic drug with histamine H1-antagonistic action, on the poly-L-arginine-induced responses. Olopatadine (1 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly inhibited both the plasma extravasation and the scratching behavior, suggesting that its inhibitory effects are mediated by the suppression of neuropeptidergic action as well as histaminic action. Olopatadine seems to be a novel-type drug for the treatment of dermatitis.

The morphologies of stearic acid and cytochrome c (cyt.c)-adsorbed stearic acid monolayers were investigated by Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) with various molecular areas of stearic acid. With an area of more than 0.38 nm2/molecule, many blight island domains and some bright circles were observed in the BAM image of the stearic acid monolayer. The blight site part became to occupy all the surface with compression, and then became more closely packed with an area of 0.22 nm2/molecule. On the other hand, a different BAM image was obtained for the cyt.c-adsorbed stearic acid monolayer, as follows: (i) a striped pattern was only observed in the presence of cyt.c; (ii) the number of bright circles in the presence of cyt.c was less than that in its absence. Furthermore, when a uniform BAM image was observed for the stearic acid monolayer with cyt.c, the intensity of the absorbance at 409 nm of cyt.c was the highest. By calculating the amount of cyt.c adsorbed on a stearic acid monolayer from the absorbance value, it was shown that cyt.c was most closely packed when an uniform BAM image was observed. These results suggest that the use of BAM and visible absorption spectroscopy together is useful for studying the morphology of a monolayer.

In this study, we are exploring the use of perovskite manganese oxide for bolometric applications. To obtain a large temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR: defined as 1/R d R/d T) at near-room temperature, we formed (Bi, La)1-x Sr x MnO3 (BLSMO) bulk samples. The substituted Bi in samples function to reduce the crystallization temperature and to eliminate the ferromagnetic phase. In this report, we discuss the issues related to the influence of the substituted Bi on features such as the surface morphologies, crystallinities and electrical transport properties. For the samples, the temperature dependence of resistivity indicates thermally activated behavior like that of a semiconductor, and a higher activation energy implies a larger TCR value. The maximum TCR value of the samples was 3.6%/K at room temperature.

Oxygen 1s photoelectron spectra have been measured for La1-x Ca x MnO z (LCMO) thin films. The results on the second peak shift and the separation of the peaks are discussed. The second peak shift indicates the oxygen increase causing magnetic transition. The separation of the peaks shows that the oxygen stoichiometry in the crystal is improved. This tendency confirms that the amount of activated oxygen increases with annealing temperature. It is considered that the oxygen 1s photoelectron spectra and the oxygen deficiency effect in resistivity measurements are significantly related.

Dimethylamine gallane (DMAG) was demonstrated to be a promising precursor as a gallium source for metalorganic moleculor beam epitaxy (MOMBE) of GaAs with a low level of carbon incorporaticn. Epitaxial layers of GaAs were obtained at substrate temperatures above 250°C, and the hole concentration decreased with increasing substrate temperature. For the GaAs layer grown at 500°C, the hole concentration and Hall mobility were 1.2×1015 cm-3 and 371 cm2/(V·s), respectively. Low temperature (4.2 K) photoluminescence indicated that the band-to-carbon transition was negligibly small compared with the donor bound exciton peak.

In June, 1984, a large-scale outbreak of type A botulism occurred in 14 different prefectures in Japan, involving 36 cases and 11 deaths, due to consumption of vacuum-packed ‘karashi-renkon’ (deep-fried mustard-stuffed lotus root). The onset of symptoms ranged from June 9th through July 28th and many batches of ‘karashi-renkon’, having been manufactured by a factory during a period of three weeks from June 5th to June 25th, were found to be contaminated with type A spores. Type A spores (1.0 × 104 cfu/g) experimentally inoculated into the mustard-miso stuffing [water activity (aw) 0.92, pH 5.0, NaCl 5.7%] did not multiply. By adjusting the stuffing to aw 0.98 (pH 5.4) growth of type A was still inhibited. When the stuffing with elevated aw and pH was heat-treated for 60 min at 80°C or autoclaved, it supported growth of Clostridium botulinum type A as indicated by the achievement of toxin levels higher than 105 LD50/g. When mustard-miso was stuffed into the holes of lotus roots and refrigerated overnight or a longer period, both aw and pH of the stuffing increased to 0.98 and 5.3, respectively. The changes were apparently due to dialysis between the stuffing and the lotus root. This refrigeration process was actually performed at the plant, where the incriminated foodstuff was manufactured. The dialyzed mustard-miso stuffing, when heat-treated, supported the growth of type A organisms. Thus, we substantiated the possibility of primary multiplication of C. botulinum type A in mustard-miso stuffing subjected to refrigeration in lotus roots and then heat-treated.

本報は酢酸繊維素溶液における網目構造の性質を調べるために, 溶液中に少量の水, メタノール, クロロホルム, 四塩化炭素,酵酸エチル,塩化カルシウム,グリオキサール,ポリメタクリル酸メチルおよび塩化ビニル・酢酸ビニル共重合物等を添加して,そのワイセンベルグ効果を測定した。二重円筒型装置を用いたが,その円筒を上昇する溶液の高さをh , 内筒壁面の剪断応力を S1 とすると, h=BSp1 で表わされる。ここにB およびp は定数で, p は1.0～1.4 の間にある。

Treatment of 2-phenyl-1-azirine in cyclohexane with Cu(II) bromide afforded ω-bromoacetophenone azine, but in carbon tetrachloride gave 2-bromomethyl-2,4-diphenyl-2H-imidazole via 2-bromo-3,5-diphenyl-1,4-diazabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-3-ene.

The process of annihilation of two point defects with opposite topological charges in a roll pattern is discussed for electrohydrodynamic convection in a nematic layer. It is shown that at the final stage of the process the distance between the centers of defects which are being annihilated varies as the square root of the time, down-counted from the annihilation moment. Such a scaling is associated with topological properties of the slowly varying complex amplitude of the order parameter and is suggested as a generic law for annihilation or spontaneous, barrierless nucleation of pairs of defects in extended systems. Experimental evidence of the scaling in the case of electrohydrodynamic convection in MBBA is obtained.

The experimental study of electroconvection in a homeotropically aligned nematic (MBBA) is reported. The system undergoes a supercritical bifurcation ``rest state-spatiotemporal chaos.'' The chaos is caused by long-wavelength modulation of the orientation of convective rolls. For the first time the observations both below and beyond the Lifshitz point are accompanied by quantitative analysis of temporal autocorrelation functions of turbulent modes. The dependence of the correlation time on the control parameter is obtained. A secondary bifurcation from normal to abnormal rolls is discussed.

Treatment of 2-phenyl-1-azirine in cyclohexane with Cu(II) bromide afforded ω-bromoacetophenone azine, but in carbon tetrachloride gave 2-bromomethyl-2,4-diphenyl-2H-imidazole via 2-bromo-3,5-diphenyl-1,4-diazabicyclo[3.1.0]hex-3-ene.