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Nano zero-valent iron biochar (nZVI–BC), an environmentally-friendly functional material prepared from waste biomass, has attracted extensive attention. This material has potential to solve the problem of biomass conversion. However, the lack of a method of converting biomass to the nZVI–BC involved in biomass modification and pyrolysis hinders its further production and application. In this study, we introduced the green solvent polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400) to a biomass (rice straw, RS) modification system with FeCl3·6H2O, and activated RS was prepared to nZVI–BC by one-step pyrolysis. The addition of PEG400 promoted the hydrolysis of iron ion and improved the RS surface structure, promoting the attachment of Fe2O3 to the RS surface. The mild activation conditions with temperatures of 60, 80, 100 °C and a time of 0.5 h prevented the excessive loss of the lignin component and were conducive to the formation of carbon skeletons. Amorphous carbon and Fe2O3 were subjected to redox reactions to form nZVI–BC with the assistance of reducing gas produced from pyrolysis. In addition, the prepared nZVI–BC was tested for dye (Congo red) removal, showing rapid absorption (70.6% at 5 min) and high catalysis in advanced oxidation (75.67% at 5 min, 90% at 60 min). This work proposed a novel mechanistic strategy for preparing nZVI–BC and set a foundation for its scaled production and application.

The activity of photocatalytic CO2 conversion to carbon-containing products is determined by the adsorption and activation of CO2 molecules on the surface of catalyst. Here, iron doped porous CeO2 with oxygen vacancy (PFeCe) was prepared by one-step combustion method. The amount of CO2 adsorbed via using the porous structure has been significantly increased in the case of a relatively small specific surface area and CO2 molecules are more easily captured and undergo a reduction reaction with photoinduced carriers. In addition, oxygen vacancies are formed in the iron doped CeO2 lattice as the active sites for CO2 reduction, which can form strong interactions with CO2 molecules, thereby effectively activating CO2 molecules. The reduction products of CO2 over PFeCe composite are CO and CH4, which is approximately 9.0 and 7.7 folds than that of CeO2. This work offers insights for the construction of efficient ceria-based photocatalysts to further achieve robust solar CO2 conversion.

An iron-catalyzed strategy for the rapid synthesis of indolo[2,3- c ]quinolines has been developed. This cascade reaction involving alcohol oxidation, nitro reduction, and oxidative annulation was achieved in a one-pot. The present protocol was started from mono-functionalized indoles and readily available benzylic alcohols/aldehydes, affording a variety of functionalized indolo[2,3- c ]quinolines in satisfactory yields.

The graphitic carbon nitride is considered as the promising anode of lithium ion battery due to its high theoretical capacity (>1000 mAh g−1) and easy synthesis method. But the electrochemical inactivity and the structural collapse during cycles lead to its poor electrochemical performance in practice. Here, an interesting molten salt method is used to obtain the KCl-preintercalated carbon nitride nanosheets with abundant N vacancies and pyridinic-N. The KCl as a prop enhances the interlayer distance and the structural stability. And the N vacancy and the pyridinic-N increase the conductivity, the active sites and the reversibility of Li+ storage. Thus, the optimized electrode shows a higher specific discharge capacity (389 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1) and a longer cyclic life (66% capacity retention after 10 K cycles at 3.0 A g−1) compared to those of bulk g-C3N4.

By using a low CO2 concentration as a C1 source, the design of a plasmonic catalyst that can effectively photocatalytic CO2 reduction is of great significance for sustainable and ecological development. Herein, the space confinement effect and liquid environment of the molten salt result in uniform hollow structure, while the strong aggressive force furnished via using molten salt enhances the formation of line defects. This special structure can not only provide a large number of active sites but also greatly accelerate the transport of photoinduced charge carriers. The hollow copper ball with line defects (CCu) shows excellent photocatalytic activity with pure water (1028.57 μmol g−1), and it also shows good catalytic activity even under ultra-low CO2 content, which far exceeds the catalytic activity of most semiconductor-based catalysts. This work is designed to simultaneously construct line defect and hollow structure in plasmatic metal nanoparticles for efficient photocatalytic CO2 reduction.

A new xanthone glycoside, 1,8-dihydroxyl-2,5-dimethoxy-xanthone-6-O-β-D-glucoside (1), along with two known xanthone glycosides and two flavonoid glycosides were isolated from the aerial parts of Lomatogonium rotatum (L.) Fries es Nym. The structure of 1 was elucidated by analysis of its spectroscopic data, including UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS and extensive 1 D and 2 D NMR techniques. In vitro test, compound 1 behaved similarity to swertianolin against α‑glucosidase and more potent inhibitory effects than the positive control, acarbose.

Norepinephrine (NE) is an important neurotransmitter in the body, and stress or injury of neurons in the locus ceruleus (LC) results in the change of NE level in the body. In this work, we developed a micro-needle electrode for real-time monitoring of NE release in rat brain LC and investigating the effects of alpha 2-adrenoceptors on norepinephrine release upon LC stimulation by different drugs. The micro-needle electrode was prepared by modified both Au nanotubes (AuNTs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the substrate of the acupuncture needle (AN). Due to excellent electrochemical performance and biocompatibility of the nanostructures, highly sensitive detection of NE was realized. The results had shown that the CNTs/AuNTs/AN micro-needle was capable of real-time monitoring NE in the linear range from 0.75 μM to 25 μM with the limit of detection of 0.26 μM in the cell culture medium. Moreover, the stainless steel acupuncture needle was easy to be inserted into the tissue for in vivo monitoring NE release in rat brain with minimal damage compared to other electrode materials. The results also demonstrated that alpha 2-adrenoceptors regulated the release of NE in the brain's locus ceruleus. This stable and sensitive micro-needle sensor had the potential application in studying neural signal transmission, which could potentially provide important new insights into the deep brain study as well as the mechanism underlying neurological disease of the nervous system.

Tanning sludge, chrome tanned buffing dust and chrome shavings were selected as experimental materials. The non-isothermal distributed activation energy model (DAEM) was used to study the pyrolysis kinetic parameters. The effects of particle size and temperature on the distribution of co-pyrolysis products of various tanning wastes were investigated in a fixed-bed pyrolysis reactor, which provided a new approach for comprehensive thermal treatment of various tannery wastes. The results showed that the total activation energy required for the co-pyrolysis decreased and then increased in the range of conversion rate of 0.1 to 0.8. The tar yield decreased with raising particle size, while the yields of gas and char increased. With the increase of pyrolysis temperature, the tar yield increased rapidly to a peak value of 17% at 600 ℃, and then decreased, correspondingly the char yield decreased while the gas yield increased. When the pyrolysis temperature was 600 ℃ and the particle size of the material was 1.6–2.5 mm, the specific surface area of char was larger, and the light fractions in tar was higher. Thus the co-pyrolysis was conducive to the clean treatment of tannery wastes.

Mainstream anaerobic wastewater treatment has received increasing attention for the recovery of methane-rich biogas from biodegradable organics, but subsequent mainstream nitrogen and dissolved methane removal at low temperatures remains a critical challenge in practical applications. In this study, granular sludge coupling n-DAMO with Anammox was employed for mainstream nitrogen removal, and the dissolved methane removal potential of granular sludge at low temperatures was investigated. A stable nitrogen removal rate (0.94 kg N m-3 d-1 at 20 °C) was achieved with a high-level effluent quality (

A convenient and efficient strategy for the synthesis of dibenzoxazepinamines and dibenzothiazepinamines has been developed. This three-component approach started from 2-nitrobenzaldehydes, 2-aminophenols, and methoxyammonium chlorides under metal-free conditions. The protocol has the advantages of readily available starting materials, simple and facile conditions, gram-scale synthesis, and broad substrate scope, providing an efficient and practical strategy for the preparation of potential drug-active dibenzoxazepinamines and dibenzothiazepinamines in one pot.

Visible-light-driven photochemical Cadogan-type cyclization has been discovered. The organic D-A type photosensitizer 4CzIPN found to be an efficient mediator to transfer energy from photons to the transient intermediate that breaks the barriers of deoxygenation in Cadogan reaction and enables a mild metal-free access to carbazoles and related heterocycles. DFT calculation results indicate mildly endergonic formation of the intermediate complex of nitrobiarenes and PPh3, which corresponds with experimental findings regarding reaction temperature. The robust synthetic capacity of the photoredox Cadogan reaction systems has been demonstrated by the viable productivity of a broad range of carbazoles and related N-heterocycles with good tolerance of various functionalities.

Aiming at the refined microstructure and enhanced thermal conductivity of high-entropy carbide (HEC) ceramics for high-temperature applications, the addition effect of graphite was comprehensively investigated in this study. HEC ceramics incorporated with different contents of graphite were solidified by spark plasma sintering (SPS) using self-synthesized high-entropy (Ti0.2Zr0.2Hf0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2)C powder and graphite as starting materials. The results demonstrate that the incorporated graphite removed the oxygen impurity in the mixed powders, decreased the oxygen content and increased the lattice parameter of the HEC phase, and improved the densification behavior of HEC ceramics. On the other hand, the addition of graphite brings a refinement of HEC grains and improves the mechanical properties. More importantly, the thermal conductivity of the HEC ceramics was significantly increased owing to the removing effect of oxide impurity by the added graphite. It is considered that the lattice "purified" HEC grains with low oxygen content contribute to the improvement in thermal conductivity of the ceramics.

Compared with free miRNAs in blood, miRNAs in exosomes have higher abundance and stability. Therefore, miRNAs in exosomes can be regarded as an ideal tumor marker for early cancer diagnosis. Here, a peptide nucleic acid (PNA)-functionalized nanochannel biosensor for the ultrasensitive and specific detection of tumor exosomal miRNAs is proposed. After PNA was covalently bound to the inner surface of the nanochannels, the detection of tumor exosomal miRNAs was achieved by the charge changes on the surface of nanochannels before and after hybridization (PNA-miRNA). Due to the neutral characteristics of PNA, the efficiency of PNA-miRNA hybridization was improved by significantly reducing the background signal. This biosensor could not only specifically distinguish target miRNA-10b from single-base mismatched miRNA but also achieve a detection limit as low as 75 aM. Moreover, the biosensor was further used to detect exosomal miRNA-10b derived from pancreatic cancer cells and normal pancreatic cells. The results indicate that this biosensor could effectively distinguish pancreatic cancer tumor-derived exosomes from the normal control group, and the detection results show good consistency with those of the quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction method. In addition, the biosensor was used to detect exosomal miRNA-10b in clinical plasma samples, and it was found that the content of exosomal miRNA-10b in cancer patients was generally higher than that of healthy individuals, proving that the method is expected to be applied for the early diagnosis of cancer.

Despite the great appeal of two-dimensional semiconductors for electronics and optoelectronics, to achieve the required charge carrier concentrations by means of chemical doping remains a challenge due to large defect ionization energies (IEs). Here, by decomposing the defect IEs into three parts based on ionization process, we propose a conceptual picture that the large defect IEs are caused by two effects of reduced dimensionality. While the quantum confinement effect makes the neutral single-electron point defect levels deep, the reduced screening effect leads to high energy cost for the electronic relaxation. The first-principles calculations for black phosphorus and MoS2 do demonstrate the general trend. Using BP monolayer either embedded into dielectric continuum or encapsulated between two hBN layers, we demonstrate the feasibility of increasing the screening to reduce the defect IEs. Our analysis is expected to help achieve effective carrier doping and open ways toward more extensive applications of 2D semiconductors.

A mild transition-metal- and photosensitizer-free photoredox system based on the combination of NaI and PPh3 was found to enable highly selective reduction of nitroarenes. This protocol tolerates a broad range of reducible functional groups such as halogen (Cl, Br, and even I), aldehyde, ketone, carboxyl, and cyano. Moreover, the photoredox catalysis with NaI and stoichiometric PPh3 provides also an alternative entry to Cadogan-type reductive amination when o-nitrobiarenes were used.

A comparative study on the effects of SiO2 modification and mesoporous structures on catalytic performances over ZSM-5 zeolites in MTA conversion both theoretically and experimentally was done. Experimental results showed that hierarchical pores increased the production of aromatics. However, DFT calculation proved that energy barriers for producing aromatics over mesoporous ZSM-5 were larger than that of parent ZSM-5 due to decreasing acid strength after alkali treatment which significantly influenced rate-determining step. Furthermore, diffusion behaviors of toluene were studied by Molecular Dynamics. Larger pores led to the improvement of diffusion behaviors over hierarchical ZSM-5 owing to the decrease of collision frequency between molecules. Therefore, the formation of aromatics was mainly determined by diffusion limitation over hierarchical ZSM-5. The lowest BTX selectivity was obtained over SiO2 deposited mesoporous ZSM-5 due to decreasing acid strength and blockage of pore mouth. Additionally, the deactivation of ZSM-5 serial catalysts in MTA was attributed the formation of insoluble coke. Moreover, the introduction of mesopores and silylation on external surface alleviated the deactivation of catalysts.

Ultra-high temperature ceramics have been considered as good candidates for plasma facing materials due to their combination of high melting point, high strength and hardness, high thermal conductivity as well as good chemical inertness. In this study, zirconium diboride has been chosen to investigate its irradiation damage behavior. Irradiated by 4 MeV Au2+ with a total fluence of 2.5 × 1016 cm−2, zirconium diboride ceramic shows substantial resilience to irradiation-induced damage with its structural integrity well maintained but mild damage at lattice level. Grazing incident X-ray diffraction evidences no change of the hexagonal structure in the irradiated region but its lattice parameter a increased and c decreased, giving a volume shrinkage of ∼0.46%. Density functional theory calculation shows that such lattice shrinkage corresponds to a non-stoichiometric compound as ZrB1.97. Electron energy-loss spectroscopy in a transmission electron microscope revealed an increase of valence electrons in zirconium, suggesting boron vacancies were indeed developed by the irradiation. Along the irradiation depth, long dislocations were observed inside top layer with a depth of ∼750 nm where the implanted Au ions reached the peak concentration. Underneath the top layer, a high density of Frank dislocations is formed by the cascade collision down to a depth of 1150 nm. All the features show the potential of ZrB2 to be used as structural material in nuclear system.

The human amniotic membrane (HAM) collagen matrix derived from human placenta can be decellularized (dHAM) to form a natural biocompatible material. dHAM has different bioactive substances and has been used widely in human tissue engineering research. However, dHAM has some disadvantages, e.g., poor mechanical properties, easy degradation and inconvenient operation and use, so it is not conducive to large-area or full-thickness skin defect healing. To overcome these limitations, for the first time, dHAM was grafted with methacrylic anhydride (MA) to form photocrosslinked dHAM methacrylate (dHAMMA); dHAMMA was then blended with methacrylated gelatin (GelMA), followed by the addition of a photosensitizer for photocrosslinking to obtain the fast-forming GelMA-dHAMMA composite hydrogel. Further, GelMA-dHAMMA was found to have the porous structure of a bicomponent polymer network and good physical and chemical properties. In vitro experiments, GelMA-dHAMMA was found to promote fibroblast proliferation and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression. In vivo investigations also demonstrated that GelMA-dHAMMA promotes wound collagen deposition and angiogenesis, and accelerates tissue healing. GelMA-dHAMMA inherits the good mechanical properties of GelMA and maintains the biological activity of the amniotic membrane, promoting the reconstruction and regeneration of skin wounds. Thus, GelMA-dHAMMA can serve as a promising biomaterial in skin tissue engineering. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Since the early 20th century, the human amniotic membrane (HAM) has been successfully used for trauma treatment and reconstruction purposes. dHAM has different bioactive substances and has been used widely in human tissue-engineering research. In this work, the dHAM and gelatin were grafted and modified by using methacrylic anhydride (MA) to form photocrosslinked dHAMMA and methacrylated gelatin (GelMA). Then, the dHAMMA and GelMA were blended with a photosensitizer to form the GelMA-dHAMMA composite hydrogel derived from gelatin-dHAM. GelMA-dHAMMA exhibits a bicomponent-network (BCN) interpenetrating structure. dHAM dydrogel has advantages, e.g., good mechanical properties, slow degradation and convenient operation, so it is conducive to large-area or full-thickness skin defect healing.

Ammonium (NH4+) oxidation is crucial for nitrogen (N) removal, contributing to regional and global N cycles, but is regarded as limited to a few biological pathways. A novel pathway for NH4+ oxidat...

Zirconium carbide (ZrC) ceramics is an important candidate material for structural applications both at high temperature and intensive irradiation. However, its sensitivity to defects and cracks often causes low reliability and limited the application of ZrC ceramics. In this work, graphite nanoplatelets (GNPs) doped zirconium carbide ceramics were prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS). The results show that the addition of GNPs not only improved the densification of ZrC ceramics but also inhibited grain growth of ZrC matrix phase. The GNPs were mainly located at the grain boundaries, and the c-axis of the disk-like GNPs preferred to align with the applied pressing direction during SPS. The preferred orientation of GNPs in the sintered ceramics resulted in anisotropic microstructure and fracture toughness of the material. Compared with the monolithic ZrC ceramics with a fracture toughness of 2.27 MPa m1/2, GNPs doped ceramics shows higher fracture toughness. The fracture toughness of ZrC ceramics with 0.5, 1.5, 3 vol% GNPs are 2.70 MPa m1/2, 3.03 MPa m1/2 and 3.24 MPa m1/2 measured on the surface perpendicular to the applied pressing direction and 3.43 MPa m1/2, 3.66 MPa m1/2 and 4.55 MPa m1/2 measured on the surface parallel to the applied pressing direction, respectively. The crack deflection and re-initiation by GNPs are the main toughening mechanisms for the GNPs doped ZrC ceramics.

A new glycoside, named artesieverosid (1), was isolated from Artemisia sieversiana Ehrh. The structure of 1 was elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS, and extensive 1D and 2D NMR techniques.

A convenient method for the rapid construction of indolo[2,3-b]indoles has been developed. This cascade reaction involving condensation, dehydroaromatization, and oxidative annulation was achieved in a one-pot TMSI/DMSO system, providing a diversity of functionalized indolo[2,3-b]indoles in satisfactory yields under facile metal-free conditions. The present protocol provides a straightforward approach to access structurally valuable indolo[2,3-b], indoles.

A novel and mild Cu-catalyzed oxidative dual arylation of carbon-carbon double bonds in acrylamides with 3-aminoindazoles is proposed for the synthesis of cyanoarylated oxindoles. Notably, 3-aminoindazoles are employed as efficient arylating agents via the cleavage of two C-N bonds. This oxidative dual arylation of active alkenes involves a radical process and undergoes a sequence of 3-aminoindazole oxidation, two-C-N-bond cleavage, cyanoaryl radical addition, and intramolecular cyclization.

A copper-based catalytic system has been developed to enable efficient cyclization of ketoxime acetates with o-fluorobenzaldehydes. This protocol offers an efficient method for the synthesis of substituted quinoline derivatives with a broad range of compatible functionalities. The present system also provides a rapid access to synthetically and pharmaceutically useful quinoline-fused polycycles such as benzo[c]acridines.

A copper-based catalytic system has been developed to enable formal [3 + 1 + 2] annulations of ketoxime acetates, aldehydes, and cyanamides. This protocol offers a new strategy for the synthesis of highly substituted 2-aminopyrimidine compounds, and more importantly, pyrimidines have now been included in the N-heterocycle family constructed using O-acyl ketoximes as N–C–C synthons.

A NH4I/K3PO4-based catalytic system has been established to enable oxidative formation of thiazole compounds from arylacetic acids and phenylalanines with elemental sulfur. While the three-component reaction of anilines or β-naphthylamines with arylacetic acids and elemental sulfur affords benzo[2,1-d]thiazoles and naphtho[2,1-d]thiazoles, the annulation of phenylalanines with elemental sulfur produces 2-benzyl and 2-benzoylthiazoles. This work well complements previous three-component annulations of benzothiazoles from other coupling partners.

In this work, dense TiB2-B4C based ceramics with different amounts of hBN additions were spark plasma sintered at 1700−1850 °C through in-situ reactions involving with TiCxN1-x (x = 0.5 and 0.7) and boron. The molar Gibbs’ free energy of TiCN is lower than that of TiC and TiN, thereby the boronizing of TiCN is more favorable in multiple steps which suppressed the combustion process in the TiCN-B system. Taking advantage of this, the reaction rate in the TiCN-B system was dragged to accompany with that of densification, resulting that nanometric TiB2 grains were gradually produced and microstructures composed of B4C-hBN reinforcement and TiB2 –hBN(C) matrix were finally built. Although hBN additions reduce the Young’s modulus, TiB2-B4C composites with 17.4 vol% hBN additions densified at 1700 °C still exhibit excellent mechanical properties. The present study suggests solid solution powders are a class of promising reactants for achieving nanoceramics with better performance.

To develop more efficient Pt-based catalysts towards the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), in this work, phosphorus-doped graphite (PDG) with high HER activity was employed as the support of the Pt catalyst. Electrochemical tests demonstrated that the area and mass specific HER activities of the as-prepared Pt@PDG with ca. 6.0 wt% Pt were ca. 3.34–4.5 and 1.5–2.7 times those of the commercial 20 wt% Pt/C catalyst at −0.2 and −0.215 V in acidic and alkaline media. Correlations of Pt HER activity with P moieties indicated that the C–O–P played a dominant role in improving the HER performance of Pt compared to the other P species. Simulations revealed that the C–O–P with a pentagon-ring defect could change the charge and spin densities of Pt and increase the adsorption energy of loaded Pt greatly, which results in the HER-performance enhancement of supported Pt, providing a new insight for the development of high-performance Pt catalysts.

Visualization of cell-cycle G1 phase for monitoring the early response of cell cycle specific drug remains challenging. In this study, we developed genetically engineered bioluminescent reporters by fusing full-length cyclin E to the C-terminal luciferase (named as CycE-Luc and CycE-Luc2). Next, HeLa cell line or an ER-positive breast cancer cell line MCF-7 was transfected with these reporters. In cellular assays, the bioluminescent signal of CycE-Luc and CycE-Luc2 was accumulated in the G1 phase and decreased after exiting from the G1 phase. The expression of CycE-Luc and CycE-Luc2 fusion protein was regulated in a cell cycle-dependent manner, which was mediated by proteasome ubiquitination and degradation. Next, our in vitro and in vivo experiment confirmed that the cell cycle arrested by anti-cancer agents (palbociclib or 5-FU) was monitored quantitatively and dynamically by bioluminescent imaging of these reporters in a real-time and non-invasive manner. Thus, these optical reporters could reflect the G1 phase alternation of cell cycle, and might become a future clinically translatable approach for predicting and monitoring response to palbociclib in patients with ER-positive breast cancer.

A set of mild aerobic cross-dehydrogenative couplings of N-heteroarenes with the benzylic C(sp3)–H bond has been achieved by using visible-light-induced photocatalysis. This approach was found to provide a sustainable alternative to Minisci benzylation reactions using readily accessible toluene derivatives as benzylating agents. The unique combination of photocatalysis, bromo radical mediation, and aerobic oxidation proved to be the key for the success of the transformation. Mechanistic studies revealed the feasibility of both oxidative and reductive quenching of the excited photocatalyst in the initial step.

Crystal engineering aims at a better understanding of the correlation between the components and crystal structures, so that the desired crystal structure and functionality will be acquired. In this study, a lead bromide perovskite, {[Na(15-crown-5)]PbBr3}∞ (1, 15-crown-5 = 1,4,7,10,13-pentaoxacyclopentadecane), has been obtained by assembly of equal molar quantities of PbBr2, NaBr and 15-crown-5 in DMF, and 1 has been further characterized by microanalysis, IR spectroscopy, TG analysis, and single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction techniques. DSC measurement revealed that 1 experiences a reversible phase transition at ∼299/∼297 K on heating/cooling, which is an isostructural phase transition confirmed by single crystal structure analysis. 1 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pnma in both low- and high-temperature phases, containing face-sharing coordination octahedral [PbBr3]∞ chains and supramolecular [Na(15-crown-5)]+ cations, which are bound to the [PbBr3]∞ chains via Na–Br coordination bonds to form rotor-like neutral chains. Variable-temperature crystal structure analysis revealed that the isostructural phase transition is driven by PbBr6 coordination sphere distortion, which is related to the steric hindrance effect between the inorganic chain and 15-crown-5 molecules. Dielectric relaxation has been observed above 273 K, resulting from the distortion of PbBr6 coordination octahedra and the change in polar Na–Br bonds under an AC electrical field.

A facile and efficient acid-catalyzed three-component reaction of indoles, 1-tosyl-1,2,3-triazoles and carbonyl compounds has been developed. The use of TsOH with a small amount of water significantly promoted the reaction yield. This method provided a general and one-pot approach for the synthesis of structurally diverse C3-alkylated indole derivatives. The alkylation exclusively occurred at the N2 position of triazoles. Various functional groups were tolerated under the optimized simple reaction conditions.

A novel I2-catalyst oxidative dehydrogenative tandem cyclization of three components, 2-methylquinolines, arylamines and 1,4-dioxane, for the construction of 2-([2,2′-biquinolin]-3-yloxy)ethan-1-ol derivatives has been developed under metal-free conditions. This transformation with the cleavage of 7 C–H bonds, 2 N–H bonds and 1 C–O bond leads to the construction of 2 C–C bonds, 1 C–N bond and 1 O–H bond. The 1,4-dioxane ring was opened and a 2-(vinyloxy)ethan-1-ol group was obtained in the whole process.