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A methodology for the controlled synthesis of multifunctional coatings of valve metals by the method of micro-arc oxidation (MAO) was developed. It includes theoretical models describing the mechanism of oxide layers’ formation and the effect of technological parameters of the MAO process on them, and the methods of controlled synthesis. The latter allows us to carry out an automated selection of the optimal technological parameters of oxidation based on the obtained regression equations for the experimental dependences of the oxide layers’ properties on dissimilar influencing factors for the sake of required coating properties. We further propose the structure of an intelligent system for the synthesis and study of MAO coatings with a unique hardware. In particular, a pulsed technological current source provides a full range of regulation of the current pulses’ parameters; a measurement module combines measuring transducers of the parameters of the technological process and the electrophysical characteristics of oxide layers in the process of their obtainment with a guaranteed accuracy. The software contains an intelligent application that implements the proposed theoretical models and methods for obtaining coatings with the required properties. Information support contains databases and knowledge bases used in the operation of intelligent application. The results achieved in this work allow to increase the efficiency of MAO processing by reducing the time for selecting the optimal technological mode at least twice, which is a prerequisite for the development of an intelligent technology for the formation of oxide layers by the MAO method.

On the statistics of ~1.7 × 108 interactions of positively charged kaons on copper nuclei, coherent events of the K+π0 system production are selected. The cross sections for the Coulomb and coherent strong components and their interference in the region of the K*(892) meson are measured. The partial width for the decay K*(892) → K+γ is determined. When studying the mass spectrum of the K+π0 system, an effect which can be interpreted as the interference of the chiral anomaly and the K*(892) s-channel amplitudes is found. This gives an estimate for the ratio of the observed amplitude of the chiral anomaly to the theoretical one: Aexp/Ath = 0.9 ± 0.24(stat.) ± 0.3(syst.).

Dynamics of changes in fluorine atoms distribution through grown anodic oxide layer thickness and the effective surface charge on InAs crystals under such layers has been studied. Anodic oxidation was performed in alkaline electrolyte with fluorochemical additive component in galvanostatic mode at anode current densities 0.05 or 0.5 mA·cm−2. The layers thickness in boundes 32—51 nm varied by electrodes final voltage setting in range 15—25 V. The layer thickness and refractive index was measured by ellipsometric method, and distribution of fluorine atoms through thickness — by photoelectron−spectroscopy method, combined with ion etching. At the same time, based on grown layers there were produced MIS structures, and from calculation of theirs capacitance−voltage characteristics are determined effective surface charge and surface states density, corresponding to different layer thicknesses.Main results are reduced to the facts during layers growing despite of anodizing current density comes their sealing, the profile of fluorine atoms distribution shifts towards InAs, positive effective surface charge gradually decreases from 3.6 · 1011 to 2.0 · 1011 cm−2 at surface states density in (6—7) · 1011 eV·cm−2 range for all cases. Based on comparison of these data and theoretical concepts of MIS structure charge construction, there was made a conclusion about gradual built−in charge distancing from the border with InAs in the process of growing anodic oxide layer, which explains observed effective surface charge decrease during layer thickness increasing. This results indicates that the layer growth rate exceeds the built−in charge displacement rate towards InAs.

Transparent conductive coatings based on thin films of metal oxides are widely used in various optoelectronic devices and appliances. The article is devoted to the study of the morphological, structural, electrical and optical properties of transparent conductive oxide. Tin dioxide thin films are obtained by spray pyrolysis technique on glass substrates. Analysis of the structural properties showed that SnO2 has a tetragonal crystal structure. Analysis of the morphological properties showed that the grain size of the films increases at a deposition temperature from 450 to 550 ℃. Dependencies of the transmittance coefficient of samples obtained on the solutions volume and transmittance coefficient of samples obtained on the doping levels have become the result of studying the optical properties of transparent conductive oxide. The transmittance is almost independent on the amount of substance sprayed onto the substrate. However, the transmittance is greatly influenced by the chemical composition of the films. The main electrical parameter affecting the TCO quality is conductivity or surface resistance. Surface resistance is measured by probe methods, the most accurate of which is the Van der Pauw method. Surface resistance consistently decreases with increasing solution volume, precursor concentration and impurity concentration.

Concentration of hyaluronic acid (HA) in the lungs increases in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). HA is involved in the organization of fibrin, fibronectin, and collagen. HA has been proposed to be a biomarker of fibrosis and a potential target for antifibrotic therapy. Hyaluronidase (HD) breaks down HA into fragments, but is a subject of rapid hydrolysis. A conjugate of poloxamer hyaluronidase (pHD) was prepared using protein immobilization with ionizing radiation. In a model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis, pHD decreased the level of tissue IL-1β and TGF-β, prevented the infiltration of the lung parenchyma by CD16+ cells, and reduced perivascular and peribronchial inflammation. Simultaneously, a decrease in the concentrations of HA, hydroxyproline, collagen 1, total soluble collagen, and the area of connective tissue in the lungs was observed. The effects of pHD were significantly stronger compared to native HD which can be attributed to the higher stability of pHD. Additional spiperone administration increased the anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects of pHD and accelerated the regeneration of the damaged lung. The potentiating effects of spiperone can be explained by the disruption of the dopamine-induced mobilization and migration of fibroblast progenitor cells into the lungs and differentiation of lung mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) into cells of stromal lines. Thus, a combination of pHD and spiperone may represent a promising approach for the treatment of IPF and lung regeneration.

A methodology for the controlled synthesis of protective coatings by the micro-arc oxidation method, including a mathematical model of a galvanic cell based on an equivalent electrical circuit, as well as a model of the interconnections between the technological parameters of the micro-arc oxidation (MAO) process and the properties of the obtained oxide layers based on graph theory has been developed. The indicated dependences are formalized using methods of regression and correlation analysis of experimental data. A technique for the controlled synthesis of MAO coatings using the obtained regression equations is proposed. The technique was used in the selection of optimal technological parameters for producing oxide layers with a thickness of $100 \mu\mathrm{m}$ and a minimum porosity. A prototype of an intelligent automated system for the controlled synthesis of MAO coatings, which was used to obtain experimental dependences of reaction parameters on the influence parameters of the micro-arc oxidation process was created; the principle of the hardware and software of the system is presented.

At present, the micro-arc oxidation technology, which makes it possible to obtain oxide coatings with unique properties on the surface of metals and alloys of the valve group, is increasingly used in science and technology. These coatings are used not only to solve traditional problems, such as protecting machine parts and devices from wear and corrosion, but also when developing new-generation prostheses with antibacterial properties, as well as in dosimetry. The disadvantage of this technology is the lack of controllability caused by a large number of heterogeneous factors that jointly affect the coating properties. To solve this problem, on the basis of graph theory and set theory, a model was developed that describes the totality of the influencing factors of the micro-arc oxidation process and the relationship between them, aimed at finding the most informative factors to be experimentally determined in the coating formation process. The analysis of the developed model showed that the most important technological parameters affecting the properties of the formed oxide layers are forming voltage, time and current density. It is shown that many characteristics of the resulting coatings (micro-hardness, thickness, porosity, wear resistance and thermal conductivity) can be calculated by measuring the time dependences of the voltage (forming curves) and the current of the micro-plasma process or dynamic current-voltage characteristics. The proposed model has a limitation associated with the need to fix a number of technological parameters (temperature, concentration of electrolyte components in the electrolyte, current pulse frequency) when measuring the above dependencies. The model can be used both in scientific research and in production when selecting the optimal technological parameters of the micro-arc oxidation process.

The main technological modes of producing thin piezoelectric films of aluminum nitride AlN, zinc oxide ZnO and lead zirconate titanate LZT are analyzed with the aim of their integration in devices of micromechanical systems (MEMS). It was determined that the main technological factors for producing textured ZnO and AlN films on silicon substrates of different orientations by magnetron sputtering are the substrate temperature and the working gases pressure. The crystallization features of thin films of lead zirconate titanate (LZT) deposited on Si / SiO2 / Pt substrates at low temperatures by the method of RF magnetron sputtering are studied. It was revealed that, after low-temperature deposition of LZT piezoelectric films, the pyrochlore phase with non-ferroelectric properties predominates in the structure. It was found that for the formation of the ferroelectric phase of the PZT perovskite, continuous annealing at relatively high temperatures is required.

The fluorine-atom profiles over the dielectric-layer thickness, as well as the electrophysical parameters of metal–insulator–semiconductor structures obtained when InAs crystals are anodically oxidized under galvanostatic conditions at two anodizing current densities in an electrolyte containing fluoride ions, are investigated. The features of variations both in the fluorine-atom distribution and in the effective surfacestate charge on the InAs–layer interface, which are observed during layer growth, are discussed.

Silicon is one of the widely used materials in the manufacture of modern electronic components and functional electronics devices. The manufacturing quality of silicon plates determines the quality parameters of products. The purpose of the researched studies is to establish the causes of silicon rasters during anisotropic etching and the geometry violation of the formed structures to improve the quality parameters of the technological process of micromechanical sensors manufacturing. Based on the use of selective etching methods, the article presents the results of the quality parameters estimation of silicon wafers used in the micromechanical sensors manufacture. The detecting methods of swirl defects and dislocations are described. The method for determining swirl defects is based on the difference in the etching rate of a silicon wafer areas containing micro-defects compared to crystallographically perfect areas. The method of dislocations identifying is based on the fact that at the intersection of dislocations and the wafers surface, the rate of silicon etching is higher, as a result of which dislocations are revealed as etch pits. Photographs of the wafers surface with the identified defects types are presented. The use of methods for selective silicon etching allowed us to experimentally reveal two types of silicon wafer defects: swirl defects (micro-defects) and dislocations, which have different causes, described in the article. The presented techniques can be practically used at the input quality control of silicon wafers.

The results of the second-photon-stimulated annealing of beryllium-implanted InAs layers are presented. The hole and electron concentrations and the activation energy of second-photon-stimulated annealing are calculated for the characteristic temperature regions using thermopower voltage values measured for the implanted layer. The possible mechanisms of the annealing of radiation-induced defects and the activation of beryllium atoms are discussed.

Smooth muscle contraction is triggered when Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) phosphorylates the regulatory light chain of myosin (RLC(20)). However, blood vessels from Mlck-deficient mouse embryos retain the ability to contract, suggesting the existence of additional regulatory mechanisms. We showed that the p90 ribosomal S6 kinase 2 (RSK2) also phosphorylated RLC(20) to promote smooth muscle contractility. Active, phosphorylated RSK2 was present in mouse resistance arteries under normal basal tone, and phosphorylation of RSK2 increased with myogenic vasoconstriction or agonist stimulation. Resistance arteries from Rsk2-deficient mice were dilated and showed reduced myogenic tone and RLC(20) phosphorylation. RSK2 phosphorylated Ser(19) in RLC in vitro. In addition, RSK2 phosphorylated an activating site in the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger (NHE-1), resulting in cytosolic alkalinization and an increase in intracellular Ca(2+) that promotes vasoconstriction. NHE-1 activity increased upon myogenic constriction, and the increase in intracellular pH was suppressed in Rsk2-deficient mice. In pressured arteries, RSK2-dependent activation of NHE-1 was associated with increased intracellular Ca(2+) transients, which would be expected to increase MLCK activity, thereby contributing to basal tone and myogenic responses. Accordingly, Rsk2-deficient mice had lower blood pressure than normal littermates. Thus, RSK2 mediates a procontractile signaling pathway that contributes to the regulation of basal vascular tone, myogenic vasoconstriction, and blood pressure and may be a potential therapeutic target in smooth muscle contractility disorders.

Objective— Sympathetic nerve innervation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is a major regulator of arteriolar vasoconstriction, vascular resistance, and blood pressure. Importantly, α–adrenergic receptor stimulation, which uniquely couples with Panx1 (pannexin 1) channel-mediated ATP release in resistance arteries, also requires localization to membrane caveolae. Here, we test whether localization of Panx1 to Cav1 (caveolin-1) promotes channel function (stimulus-dependent ATP release and adrenergic vasoconstriction) and is important for blood pressure homeostasis. Approach and Results— We use in vitro VSMC culture models, ex vivo resistance arteries, and a novel inducible VSMC-specific Cav1 knockout mouse to probe interactions between Panx1 and Cav1. We report that Panx1 and Cav1 colocalized on the VSMC plasma membrane of resistance arteries near sympathetic nerves in an adrenergic stimulus-dependent manner. Genetic deletion of Cav1 significantly blunts adrenergic-stimulated ATP release and vasoconstriction, with no direct influence on endothelium-dependent vasodilation or cardiac function. A significant reduction in mean arterial pressure (total=4 mm Hg; night=7 mm Hg) occurred in mice deficient for VSMC Cav1. These animals were resistant to further blood pressure lowering using a Panx1 peptide inhibitor Px1IL2P, which targets an intracellular loop region necessary for channel function. Conclusions— Translocalization of Panx1 to Cav1-enriched caveolae in VSMCs augments the release of purinergic stimuli necessary for proper adrenergic-mediated vasoconstriction and blood pressure homeostasis.

The results of the study of the technological regimes of the formation of a microcantilever beam of layered heterostructures based on the integration of smart material and silicon carbide are presented. Layers of silicon dioxide (SiO2), silicon nitride, silicon carbide, and platinum (lower electrode) are successfully formed on a silicon substrate. The results of an experimental study of the Pt / PZT / Pt / SiC heterostructures parameters confirmed the technological compatibility of the layers and the promise of using these structures in sensors of dynamic deformation when creating new generation sensors, including those operating in heavy rocket conditions of space technology.

Aim. To study the prevalence of hyperuricemia in the Russian regions, depending on the climatic, geographical, socio-demographic characteristics and some cardiometabolic risk factors.Material and methods. Data from the ESSE-RF study from 10 regions of theRussian Federationare presented. All study participants were examined according to a uniform protocol. Measurements were standardized, biochemical tests were carried out in three Federal centers using the same methodology. The study was approved by independent Ethics committees, and all participants signed informed consent.Results. The prevalence of hyperuricemia was 16.8% (25.3% in men and 11.3% in women; pConclusion. Prevalence of hyperuricemia inRussiais defined; regions with the highest and lowest prevalence are identified. Associations of hyperuricemia with some social and demographic characteristics as well as cardiovascular risk factors are revealed.

Objective— Hemoglobin α (Hb α) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) form a macromolecular complex at myoendothelial junctions; the functional role of this interaction remains undefined. To test if coupling of eNOS and Hb α regulates nitric oxide signaling, vascular reactivity, and blood pressure using a mimetic peptide of Hb α to disrupt this interaction. Approach and Results— In silico modeling of Hb α and eNOS identified a conserved sequence of interaction. By mutating portions of Hb α, we identified a specific sequence that binds eNOS. A mimetic peptide of the Hb α sequence (Hb α X) was generated to disrupt this complex. Using in vitro binding assays with purified Hb α and eNOS and ex vivo proximity ligation assays on resistance arteries, we have demonstrated that Hb α X significantly decreased interaction between eNOS and Hb α. Fluorescein isothiocyanate labeling of Hb α X revealed localization to holes in the internal elastic lamina (ie, myoendothelial junctions). To test the functional effects of Hb α X, we measured cyclic guanosine monophosphate and vascular reactivity. Our results reveal augmented cyclic guanosine monophosphate production and altered vasoconstriction with Hb α X. To test the in vivo effects of these peptides on blood pressure, normotensive and hypertensive mice were injected with Hb α X, which caused a significant decrease in blood pressure; injection of Hb α X into eNOS -/- mice had no effect. Conclusions— These results identify a novel sequence on Hb α that is important for Hb α/eNOS complex formation and is critical for nitric oxide signaling at myoendothelial junctions.

We have demonstrated the possibility of stimulation of the function of various types of precursor cells with hyaluronidase modified with chondroitin sulfate. Parenteral administration of modified hyaluronidase increased the number of fibroblast, granulomonocyte, and erythroid CFU in the hemopoietic tissue. The changes in the pool of mesenchymal progenitor cells were more pronounced in comparison with those induced by native enzyme.

Many agonists, acting through G-protein-coupled receptors and Gα subunits of the heterotrimeric G-proteins, induce contraction of smooth muscle through an increase of [Ca2+]i as well as activation of the RhoA/RhoA-activated kinase pathway that amplifies the contractile force, a phenomenon known as Ca2+ sensitization. Gα12/13 subunits are known to activate the regulator of G-protein signaling-like family of guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RhoGEFs), which includes PDZ-RhoGEF (PRG) and leukemia-associated RhoGEF (LARG). However, their contributions to Ca2+-sensitized force are not well understood. Using permeabilized blood vessels from PRG(−/−) mice and a new method to silence LARG in organ-cultured blood vessels, we show that both RhoGEFs are activated by the physiologically and pathophysiologically important thromboxane A2 and endothelin-1 receptors. The co-activation is the result of direct and independent activation of both RhoGEFs as well as their co-recruitment due to heterodimerization. The isolated recombinant C-terminal domain of PRG, which is responsible for heterodimerization with LARG, strongly inhibited Ca2+-sensitized force. We used photolysis of caged phenylephrine, caged guanosine 5′-O-(thiotriphosphate) (GTPγS) in solution, and caged GTPγS or caged GTP loaded on the RhoA·RhoGDI complex to show that the recruitment and activation of RhoGEFs is the cause of a significant time lag between the initial Ca2+ transient and phasic force components and the onset of Ca2+-sensitized force.

The possibility of boosting antifibrotic activity of testicular hyaluronidase immobilized on polyethylene oxide with spiperone was studied on the bleomycin models of a single (partially reversible pneumofibrosis) and repeated (irreversible pneumofi brosis) injuries to the alveolar epithelium in C57Bl/6 mice. The antifibrotic effect was more pronounced after successive treatment with immobilized hyaluronidase and spiperone than after individual treatment with each of the compounds: no collagen deposition in the parenchyma of bleomycin-damaged lungs was found. The decrease in inflammatory cell (lymphocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, plasma cells) infi ltration of the alveoli and alveolar tracts interstitium in mice treated by immobilized hyaluronidase and spiperone did not differ from the anti-inflammatory effect of spiperone monotherapy.

Results of experimental studies of the cementation recovery of tin in a dispersed form from sulfuric solutions are presented. The dependence of the steady potential of aluminum on the concentration of chlorine ions in a sulfuric solution of divalent tin is shown. Polarization measurements of electrode processes of the Al-Sn galvanic pair are performed. The dependence of dispersity and bulk density of the tin powder on cementation conditions is established.

Smooth muscle (SM) contractile force is generated through phosphorylation of the myosin regulatory light chain (RLC20) by the myosin light chain kinase. However, emerging evidence also suggests that additional Ser/Thr kinases may contribute to the pathways that regulate SM contractility. Recently, we published that the 90 kDa ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK), extensively studied in cancers of epithelial origin, is a major new player in the regulation of SM contractility. RSKs are unusual kinases having two catalytic domains separated by a linker having multiple phosphorylation sites and are activated by a cascade of ERK phosphorylations and by PDK, which phosphorylates RSK at Ser227 resulting in transition to a fully active enzyme. The thromboxane agonist, U46619 leads to activation of ERK1/2 and PDK1 in SM. We find that 4 th order mesenteric arteries are significantly more dilated at a pressure of 80 mm Hg in Rsk2 -/- mice compared to wild-type (WT) (2.0±0.8 vs 12.8±4.5 %, p p Rsk2 -/- animals (WT=107.4±1.6 and RSK2 -/- =95.8±2.2, n=23, p< 0.0002). In view of the lower SBP in the Rsk2 -/- animals, we examined the potential role for RSK signaling in the kidney, since RSK2 is known to phosphorylate NHE3. By immunohistochemistry, we show for the first time the expression of RSK2 in human kidney tubules. Lithium excretion, moles/kg/day, was increased in Rsk2-/- mice compared to WT (21.7±3.7 vs 48.6±7.9, respectively), indicative of defective renal Na + reabsorption. Taken together, RSK2 signaling in vascular SM and the kidney is a novel mechanism for the regulation of SM contractility and of BP. RSK2 may be a potential selective target in hypertension.

Pegylated hyaluronate-endo-β-N-acetylhexosaminidase considerably potentiates the hemostimulating effects of erythropoietin due to intensification of proliferation and differentiation of erythroid precursors against the background of enhanced secretion of hemopoietins by nonadherent hemopoiesis-inducing environment cells and elevation of serum erythropoietin concentration. The use of the enzyme allows 10-fold reduction of the maximum effective erythropoietin dose.

Hypoglycemic effect of hyaluronate-endo-β-N-acetylhexosaminidase immobilized by electron-beam synthesis nanotechnology (imHEA-HA) was studied in experimental insulin-dependent and insulin-independent diabetes mellitus. The drug exhibited a hypoglycemic effect of its own and potentiated the pharmacological effect of exogenous insulin injected in vivo. Studies on liver cell culture demonstrated an increase of cell sensitivity to insulin after treatment with imHEA-HA.

This study describes the role of "inflammatory" oxidized (Ox) phospholipids in regulation of rahU (PA0122) expression and biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (383) wild type (rahU(+)) and rahU mutant (rahU(-)) strains. Functional analysis of RahU protein from P. aeruginosa in presence of Ox-phospholipids show: (a) LysoPC modulates RahU gene/and protein expression in rahU(+) cells; (b) rahU promoter activity is increased by lysoPC and inhibited by PAPC, Ox-PAPC and arachidonic acid; the latter inhibitory effect can be reversed by lysoPC, which was enzymatically derived from PAPC; (c) biofilm formation increased in rahU(-) cells as compared to rahU(+); and (d) inhibition of rahU promoter activity by PAPC and AA (but not lysoPC) showed significantly augmented biofilm formation in rahU(+) but not in rahU(-) cells. This study shows that host derived Ox-phospholipids affect P. aeruginosa-rahU gene and protein expression, which in turn modulates biofilm formation. The accompanying paper describes the role of RahU protein in eukaryotic-host cells.

The kinetic and dynamic characteristics of the sorption of rare earths metals (REE) from no evaporated extration phosphoric acid (EPA) of dihydrate production on macroporous strongly acidic cation Rurolite C150 were investigated. The process of sorption of rare earth metals was established to take place in the external diffusion region.

The possibility is considered of employing periodic pulsed lasers for the investigation of relaxation processes in solids. Results are given of measurements of temperature dependence of the coefficient of damping of high-frequency temperature oscillation in thin tungsten samples.

The possibility of obtaining metallographic replicas made of aluminum foil by knurling is considered. Results are presented from determining the force that has to be applied to the knurling tool to ensure that the aluminum foil’s contacting surface will adequately reflect a steel metallographic section’s microstructure. A device for obtaining aluminum replicas that was manufactured and tested under field conditions is described.

Effect of kinetic parameters of electrode processes on the growth dynamics and structural characteristics of the friable metal deposit, which forms via its contact deposition from an aqueous solution, is studied. A model concept is based on the electrochemical processes proceeding at the metal/solution interface. Dependences of the deposition dynamics and deposit characteristics on the exchange currents of depositing and dissolving metals and on the hydrogen exchange currents at the surfaces of both metals are studied.

A model is proposed for describing dynamics of contact exchange of metals, which takes into account the side process of hydrogen evolution. The contact exchange dynamics and structural characteristics of the deposit are considered as functions of the concentration of ions that undergo reduction in solution and the cementation EMF. The consideration makes allowance for different densities of microelements and the effect of the solution stirring by hydrogen evolving concurrently.

Formation of polymer replicas on the surface of a steel microsection is considered as a physicochemical process that occurs on the “microsection surface – polymer solution” interphase. The dependence of the limiting wetting angle on the concentration polymer solutions is determined. A polymer solution providing replicas adequately reflecting the studied microstructure is recommended for practical use.

A method of fabricating polymer replicas with the use of polymer solutions is described. It is shown that the adequacy of a replica is determined by the physicochemical processes on the “microsection – polymer solution” interface, in particular, by surface tension and wetting. The limiting wetting angle is determined for a number of polymer materials and solvents. The limiting wetting angle is shown to depend on the kind of material and on the kind of solvent as well as on their proportion in the solution. Polymer materials and solvents, the appropriate combination of which provides better wetting and hence better reflection of the studied microstructure by the replicas, are determined. The optical properties of polymer replicas, i.e., their reflectivity, resolving power, and contrast, are determined. The study makes it possible to pass from empirical to scientifically substantiated choice of materials, solvents, and their proportion for obtaining adequate replicas.

The basis of production of extraction phosphoric acid is two simultaneous processes: dissolving phosphate raw material in a mixture of sulfuric and phosphoric (formed in the process) acids and crystallization of calcium sulfate (phosphogypsum). Phosphogypsum is an inevitable large-tonnage and cumbersome waste at sulfuric acid processing of apatite, which is of interest not only as a source of building gypsum, but also as an alternative rare earth raw material does not have a natural activity and containing rare-earth elements as a cerium and yttrium groups. As a raw material for the production of rare earth elements, calcium sulfate of three types has been used: phosphogypsum from a sludge accumulator, calcium phosphate phospho-hemihydrate and calcium sulfate phosphate dihydrate from a carousel filter produced by extraction phosphoric acid at JSC "PhosAgro-Cherepovets". The extraction of rare-earth elements from phosphogypsum from a sludge accumulator by leaching (percolation) with inorganic acids with subsequent sorption on cation-exchange resins is considered. As an adsorbent for extracting REE from leach solutions, cationite "Purolite" S-150 is used. A static exchange capacitance of cation exchanger is found that is the capacity of the resin when equilibrium is reached with a solution of a certain volume and composition. The static capacity of cation exchanger for rare-earth elements is 1.57%, which indicates a good absorbing capacity. Desorption of rare-earth elements from the cation exchanger is carried out with a solution of ammonium nitrate. The optimal solution for leaching was found to be sulfuric acid with a concentration of 5% by weight. The degree of extraction of rare-earth elements from phosphogypsum with sulfuric acid is about 82%. For citation : Artamonov A.V., Smirnova D.N., Smirnov N.N., Ilyin A.P. Extraction of rare earth elements from solid waste of production of phosphoric acid followed by sorption on cation exchange resins . Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 10. P . 87 - 93

The analysis of structural state and energetic properties of active catalyst component in oxide copper-containing catalytic system has been performed on the basis of comparing the data of thermochemical, X-ray diffraction and catalytic activity determinations. The analysis of thermochemical data obtained makes it possible to evaluate changes in lattice energy and the nearest coordination sphere energetic parameters of copper cations during the formation of solid solutions. The high degree of correlation of catalytic properties and the formation enthalpy of solid solutions can be explained by the fact that alongside with the factors influencing the catalytic activity it is the strength of cation—cation interaction that is the most important.

Optical and mechanical properties of a-C:H films subjected to carbon or nitrogen ion implantation ( E =150 keV, D =1.10 13 −1.10 17 cm −2 ) were studied. A correlation between hardness and Raman spectrum parameters of the films has been ascertained. After intermediate dose ion implantation (∼10 16 cm −2 ) a drastic increasing of hardness and Young’s modulus of implanted films was observed. High dose implantation (10 17 cm −2 ) results in appearance of structural inhomogeneities in the implanted region having extremely high hardness. The possible mechanisms of the effects observed are explained from the comparison of Raman and hardness data. ©

The properties of Si-structures with a buried silicon carbide (SiC) layer created by high-dose carbon implantation into Cz–Si or Fz–Si wafers followed by high-temperature annealing were studied by Raman and infrared spectroscopy. The effect of additional oxygen implantation on the peculiarities of SiC layer formation was also studied. It was shown that under the same implantation and post-implantation annealing conditions the buried SiC layer is more effectively formed in Cz–Si or in Si (Cz-or Fz-) subjected to additional oxygen implantation. So we can conclude that oxygen in silicon promotes the SiC layer formation due to SiOx precipitate creation and accommodation of the crystal volume in the region where SiC phase is formed. Carbon segregation and amorphous carbon film formation on SiC grain boundaries were revealed.

The results of installing a circuit for regulating the fuel input to the 300 MW coal-dust power plant at the Novocherkassk State Regional Electric Power Plant (Novocherkasskaya GRES) based on an indicator of the oxygen content in the flue gases are described. The goal is to improve the quality of the controller response to perturbations in the fuel channel. The system and its structure are described, as well as transient control processes in the original and new systems in response to standard perturbations. The regulation quality is at least twice as good in the new scheme.

The opportunity to make metallographic replicas from aluminum foil by means of knurling is investigated. The force to be applied to a roller for the contact surface of foil to adequately replicate a steel metallographic specimen microstructure is determined. The device for making aluminum replicas for non-destructive testing of a steam pipeline microstructure is made and tested under the thermal power plant conditions.

Results of laboratory studies on depositing metallic replicas by chemical reduction from aqueous solutions of copper and a copper-nickel alloy are presented. Data of quantitative measurements of the strength of cohesion with steel metallographic specimens and of the reflectivity of the replicas are discussed. The method for controlling microstructure with the help of replicas deposited by chemical reduction has been tested under the conditions of thermal power plants.

Members of the RSK family of kinases constitute attractive targets for drug design, but a lack of structural information regarding the mechanism of selective inhibitors impedes progress in this field. The crystal structure of the N-terminal kinase domain (residues 45-346) of mouse RSK2, or RSK2(NTKD), has recently been described in complex with one of only two known selective inhibitors, a rare naturally occurring flavonol glycoside, kaempferol 3-O-(3'',4''-di-O-acetyl-α-L-rhamnopyranoside), known as SL0101. Based on this structure, it was hypothesized that quercitrin (quercetin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside), a related but ubiquitous and inexpensive compound, might also act as an RSK inhibitor. Here, it is demonstrated that quercitrin binds to RSK2(NTKD) with a dissociation constant (K(d)) of 5.8 µM as determined by isothermal titration calorimetry, and a crystal structure of the binary complex at 1.8 Å resolution is reported. The crystal structure reveals a very similar mode of binding to that recently reported for SL0101. Closer inspection shows a number of small but significant differences that explain the slightly higher K(d) for quercitrin compared with SL0101. It is also shown that quercitrin can effectively substitute for SL0101 in a biological assay, in which it significantly suppresses the contractile force in rabbit pulmonary artery smooth muscle in response to Ca(2+).

Pharmacological characteristics of somatotropin pegylated using electron-beam synthesis nanotechnology (PEG-STH) were studied. Oral PEG-STH stimulated the intensity of protein and lipid metabolism and endochondral bone growth without modifying the processes of periosteal and endosteal bone formation. Specific activity of this substance administered orally significantly surpassed that of parenteral non-modified growth hormone.

Hemopoiesis-stimulating activity of immobilized oligonucleotide preparation was studied on the model of cytostatic myelosuppression induced by injection of cyclophosphamide and 5-fluorouracil. Immobilized oligonucleotides stimulated regeneration of erythro- and granulocytopoiesis in the bone marrow under conditions of cytostatic treatment. The counts of neutrophilic granulocytes and platelets in the peripheral blood increased. The stimulatory effect of the drug was more manifest in animals with active behavior. The mechanism of immobilized oligonucleotide effect was based on stimulation of functional activity of erythroid and granulocytic macrophage precursors.

The effect of immobilized hyaluronidase on stem and progenitor cells of the lungs was studied on the model of partially reversible toxic bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in C57Bl/6 mice. During the inflammation phase, immobilized hyaluronidase reduced infiltration of alveolar interstitium with hemopoietic stem cells Sca-1(+), c-Kit(+), CD34(-), (CD3, CD45R (B220), Ly6C, Ly6G (Gr1), CD11b (Mac1), TER-119)(-). Improvement of histological parameters of bleomycin lungs during the phase of collagen fiber deposition after the treatment was accompanied by accumulation of mesenchymal multipotent stromal cells (CD31(-), CD34(-), CD45(-), CD44(+), CD73(+), CD90(+), CD106(+)decrease in the population of pan-hemopoietic cells (CD45(+)), accelerated restoration of the content of endothelial cells, and inhibition of clonal activity of fibroblast precursors (CD45(-)).

The effects of immobilized granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (mediated by cells of the hemopoiesis-inducing microenvironment) on hemopoietic precursors of various classes were studied on the model of cytostatic-induced myelosuppression (administration of cyclophosphamide). The action of this preparation was compared with that of the standard preparation of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Thy 1,2(+)cells potentiated the effects of immobilized and standard granulocyte colony-stimulating factors on granulocyte-erythroid-macrophage-megakaryocyte precursors. Stromal cells were shown to potentiate the influence of these agents on granulocyte precursors. Induction of proliferation of precursor cells by the immobilized factor mediated by cells of the hemopoiesis-inducing microenvironment persisted for a longer period compared to that induced by the standard product.

Agonist activation of the small GTPase, RhoA, and its effector Rho kinase leads to down-regulation of smooth muscle (SM) myosin light chain phosphatase activity, an increase in myosin light chain (RLC20) phosphorylation and force. Cyclic nucleotides can reverse this process. We report a new mechanism of cAMP-mediated relaxation through Epac, a GTP exchange factor for the small GTPase Rap1 resulting in an increase in Rap1 activity and suppression of RhoA activity. An Epac-selective cAMP analog, 8-pCPT-2′-O-Me-cAMP (“007”), significantly reduced agonist-induced contractile force, RLC20, and myosin light chain phosphatase phosphorylation in both intact and permeabilized vascular, gut, and airway SMs independently of PKA and PKG. The vasodilator PGI2 analog, cicaprost, increased Rap1 activity and decreased RhoA activity in intact SMs. Forskolin, phosphodiesterase inhibitor isobutylmethylxanthine, and isoproterenol also significantly increased Rap1-GTP in rat aortic SM cells. The PKA inhibitor H89 was without effect on the 007-induced increase in Rap1-GTP. Lysophosphatidic acid-induced RhoA activity was reduced by treatment with 007 in WT but not Rap1B null fibroblasts, consistent with Epac signaling through Rap1B to down-regulate RhoA activity. Isoproterenol-induced increase in Rap1 activity was inhibited by silencing Epac1 in rat aortic SM cells. Evidence is presented that cooperative cAMP activation of PKA and Epac contribute to relaxation of SM. Our findings demonstrate a cAMP-mediated signaling mechanism whereby activation of Epac results in a PKA-independent, Rap1-dependent Ca2+ desensitization of force in SM through down-regulation of RhoA activity. Cyclic AMP inhibition of RhoA is mediated through activation of both Epac and PKA.