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A major challenge for disaster scholars and policymakers is to understand the power dimension in response networks, particularly relating to collaboration and coordination. We propose a conceptual framework to study interests and negotiations in and between various civic and professional, response networks drawing on the concepts of “programming” and “switching” proposed by Manuel Castells in his work on the network society. Programming in disaster response refers to the ability to constitute response networks and to program/reprogram them in terms of the goals assigned to the network. Switching is the ability to connect different networks by sharing common goals and combining resources. We employ these concepts to understand how the US Federal Emergency Management Agency organized its response in the aftermath of Hurricanes Katrina and Sandy. Our conceptual framework can be used both by disaster scholars and policymakers to understand how networked power is constructed and utilized.

This exploration aims to explore how to use the new media technology of deep learning to analyze the cross-cultural differences between network users. First, the combination of edge computing and deep neural network model is adopted to complete data acquisition. Then, the network user behavior of the new media technology platform is analyzed. Finally, network user behavior and cross-cultural differences are studied. The survey data show that the interaction between new media technology and cross-cultural communication is very complex, which depends on the user behavior of the network society. Different behaviors of users produce different cultural exchange contents. Besides, most users of the new media technology platform will form independent individuals because they accept the past culture and ideas. The differences among individuals are closely related to their situation. There are also some differences in hobbies, habits and behaviors. People of different nationalities, skin colors, races and beliefs communicate on the network platform, because their communication crosses the obstacles of distance, time and language to a certain extent, and realizes cross-cultural interaction. Hence, for a country with a long cultural heritage and splendid historical civilization, the network society can significantly reflect the cultural differences between countries. The inclusiveness and openness of national culture provide great advantages for people to create new culture. This exploration provides a reference for relevant research and has a certain reference significance.

The growth of the tertiary sphere in the economies of developed countries appeared long ago, and the term “tertiarization” has already become an integral part of scientific discourse. The schematic diagram of the “third wave,” first formulated in a holistic manner by D. Bell back in the late 1950s, later developed into the concepts of information and then network society (Castells, 2009; Toffler, 2009). Constructed in the logic of the modernization approach, it at some stage seemed to be universal for the whole world: the entry into the post-industrial era was associated with the complication of human needs and, as a result, the multifaceted development of the service sector, for which information and methods of its processing were of key importance. However, by the mid-1970s, unequivocally positive assessments of the prospects for a postindustrial future became the subject of discussion even in relation to developed countries (Webster, 2004). Among the problems of the emerging “era of disunity” are barriers in the emerging new social stratification of society, strengthening of social differentiation, and transformation of traditional development motivations for different groups of the population. “The problem of limited distributional benefits has been replaced by the problem of limited status benefits, which, it seems, has no solution at all” (Bell and Inozemtsev, 2007, pp. 244–245). All this also has a polyscale regional projection. For countries that do not occupy the upper tiers in the world-system hierarchy, further lag in some way behind the leaders, sources of technological and institutional innovations, is predetermined. The problems of large and asymmetric states, where innovation cores resemble islands in the sea of the periphery, are exacerbated by their heterogeneity (Treivish, 2009). Subjective factors also play a role: for example, according to a number of experts, Russia is one of the states that has had its hopes of becoming independent parts of the postindustrial world diminished by the economic management system and political institutions that have developed over the past two decades (Inozemtsev, 2018). Of course, it is difficult to avoid the temptation to try to discern advanced Western trends in modern Russian realities (Pilyasov, 2009; Zamyatina and Pilyasov, 2018). However, this is most likely just fixing the next waves of “instrumental modernization,” so characteristic of countries of catching up in development, when the illusion of rapprochement with leaders is created due to the concentration of material and organizational resources in individual, mainly strategic, areas in a very limited number of centers (Vishnevsky, 1998). All of this does not negate the process of tertiarization itself, which in the countries of the global semiperiphery, including Russia, manifests itself primarily in the expansion of areas of structural dominance of the service sector and for many regions remains a form of crisis adaptation of the economy amid a downturn in other sectors of the economy. The development and complication of the tertiary sphere, associated with the ability to assimilate—adapting for oneself—external innovations and produce one’s own, is characteristic of a relatively small number of territories. As a result, a more or less wide range of regional types of tertiarization arises. The aim of this study is to try to systematize regional types based on a case study of Russia.

In contrast to traditional media studies, new media studies examine digital media as an interactional network organization. It also includes communication and media practices associated with information and communication technologies. As the participant plays a role in reproducing and reconstructing the text in the new media, cooperation between the participants is enabled. Social media networks, one of the most important communication tools of new media, are platforms in which people establish relationships and carry out their connections remotely, without any limits, and where they are able to increase their selective affinity tendency. Digital environments, where a culture of convergence is formed by creating non-anonymous profiles of people like Facebook and creating an environment of mutual consensus, give people the opportunity to build a common identity. The position of translation practices in new media is also a projection of the participatory sharing culture. The aim of this study is to make inferences with netnographic analysis through the digital environment translation practices of Bulgarian Turks in a digital environment. The study focused on a Facebook group for Turkish migrants in Bulgaria. The group members are adept at navigating at least two countries, languages, religions, and cultures, and these elements transform fluidly within each other. The study yielded uninterpreted data about their cultural interactions and transfers based on the digital traces of the participants via a netnographic method. It also aimed to present the translation practices of the specified group in a digital environment with a netnographical analysis, with an examination of Henry Jenkin’s convergence culture and participatory culture concepts in network society.

The article presents a philosophical analysis of the humanitarian impact of educational reform due to the influence of new digital technologies. The post-industrial development of society has been characterized as a network society. Specifically, the revolution in media today defines the technological and substantive changes in the educational sector. Its modernization in the 1990s in Russia began through the discussion of the humanitarian mission of the classical university model. However, the process of globalization and the mobility of education demanded the alignment and unification of national educational programs. The Bologna Process was a response. It was implemented in Russia as a two-tiered system, although the society still needed specialists and engineers rather than bachelors and masters. The restructuring of the educational process to comply with international standards then led to the necessity of economic reform. Society needed educated specialists but could not support a large number of educational institutions with a sizable staff. In the manufacturing sector, automatization leads to a growth in workforce productivity whereas in education the traditional pedagogy is mainly practiced. Digital technologies have opened up new opportunities for the increased economic efficiency of centers of education. However, the faculty body, especially in the Humanities sphere, expressed strong criticism. The argument is that digital technologies do not solve pedagogic problems. While discussing the economic efficiency, the main, substantive issue of the meaning and purpose of education has been left aside. Hence the question of how an individual’s education can be embedded into the overall educational process continues to be of high relevance. Resorting to philosophy may be appropriate and reasonable inasmuch as it has accumulated a range of caring and self-preservation practices aimed at the development of social skills of an individuum. Philosophy can also provide an anthropological expertise of on-going reforms, identifying their social and cultural implications.

The experience of a lack of time due to an increasing burden of urgent tasks is one of the more common challenges created by digital communication media in the network society. This study develops the concept of chronemic urgency to explore urgent messaging using digital media. Chronemic urgency is the urgency users assign to messages received via a specific communication medium. Consistent with a communication perspective, the urgency is a function of both the relationship and the media. This study uses social entrainment theory and expectancy violations theory to conceptualize the chronemic urgency construct. This construct is then examined in a pilot study of the chronemic urgency 773 US-based participants assign to the communication media they use at least on a weekly basis. High chronemic urgency is assigned to messages received through media that (1) are used for urgent communication, (2) are checked more often, (3) are likely to be used by others who wish to contact the user urgently, and (4) are likely to lead to a quicker response. Despite the increasing centrality of urgency in everyday communication in the digital age, researchers and practitioners lack reliable methods to measure chronemic urgency in populations. The findings provide initial indications of levels of chronemic urgency in the US population’s everyday digital communication and create a foundation to better understand contemporary temporal phenomena.

In the conditions of the information economy development and the transition to the sixth technological order, innovative changes are occurred in the social organization of society, a network society is formed, and innovative knowledge and technologies are the key to progressive development. Innovations become a factor of economic development and ensure the transition from one technological order to another. At the same time, great importance in the development of scientific, technical and innovative activity belongs to the state, which is a key institution that forms the rules of the game on the basis of the development of regulatory legal support and funding of the science, stimulating the development of innovative entrepreneurship, creating the appropriate socio-economic conditions for highly qualified prospective scientific staff. Under such conditions, it becomes relevant to study the current state of scientific, technical and innovative activity of Ukraine based on the study of international rankings and analysis of domestic information sources, as well as analysis of existing forecasts of the evolution of the number of researchers. It is found out that there are negative tendencies of science development in Ukraine, which are caused by significant reduction of science funding, decline of prestige of scientific work in society, significant volumes of emigration of perspective highly qualified scientists due to insufficient material stimulation, physical and moral deterioration of the scientific and technical base, the lack of strategy of innovative development, the lack of support and understanding by the government, imperfect legal regulation. The modern legal and regulatory base for scientific, technical and innovative activity is investigated, which includes a number of legislative, regulatory and departmental documents, concepts and programs. It is found out that the development of science and innovation depends on the state scientific and technical policy, as well as on measures in the field of entrepreneurship support, especially the creation of favorable conditions for the development of innovative entrepreneurship.

This study focuses on the BTS sensation, examining how three entities – digital networks, the K-pop industry, and fandom – have engaged in the production of an alternative global culture. Based on a multimodal critical discourse analysis of this rising cultural act, the current study pays attention to the dialectical interaction of digital transformation and cultural subjectivization in the contemporary music ecosystem. By integrating Manuel Castells’ notion of the network society into Stuart Hall’s articulation of cultural resistance, I consider BTS as a counter-hegemonic cultural formation from the periphery within the network society. I also argue that the BTS phenomenon has not only unveiled the ideological dimension of Korean cultural formations, but has also proposed new possibilities of non-western and peripheral societies and subjects in the globally networked cultural sphere.

The study aims to investigate the role of livelihood diversification and social capital for the households’ movement, and also to explore the identity and bond of social capital and livelihood diversification to achieve an improved lifestyle. Human relations significantly create a network society, impalpable resource of community, shared values and trust which we draw upon in our daily lives. Livelihood diversification is a community-practised strategy for managing economic and income diversity in poverty reduction. It has highly emphasized income and well-being to diversify livelihood. It also turns the likely norms and networks with the households from exploiting new economic opportunities even in the future. This study responds to why people are migrating from the surrounding and the long distance of Kathmandu, and largely dependent on direct cash incomes from informal activities. It used qualitative approaches such as ethnography, case studies, participant observation, etc. to study the relationship between households and social capital level and livelihood diversification. Hence, the effects of social capital and livelihood diversification were found protecting households’ income. The major findings also show the social supportive network index which has significant effects on the households’ ability to learn a new livelihood. Income generations similarly affect the household capacity to secure a home and the socio-economic condition of households. This study can be advantageous for making both local and urban policy to diversify household livelihoods and social capital as well as applicable for new researchers in social sciences. Most importantly, it helps readers perceive new ways of promoting livelihood diversification and social capital and as a whole social advancement in Central Nepal.

The aim of this paper is the situation analysis or case study of the conflict between the cosmetics manufacturer "NATURA SIBERICA" (Russia) and its consumers. This conflict took place in 2017 as an interaction of the users of social networks. The importance of this study is that its object is the ongoing process of increasing the role that network society plays in discussing the value problems of contemporary society. This study shows the relevance of J. van Dyck's statement that digitalization promotes the transfer of communication about values in media network, and this constitutes the novelty of the paper. Accordingly, the objectives of the study were formulated as a description of the conflict situation and the definition of the subject of research as a manifestation of the complex interaction in contemporary network society; identifying the groups of irreducible values that caused the conceptual conflict; the analysis of these values from the perspective of law, as well as contemporary business ethics. The methodological approach that was chosen followed the complex nature of the subject of the study. As a general methodological approach the systematic method was used, which allows to determine the essence and key properties of the investigated phenomenon. The method of case analysis or case-study gave us the tools to implement this approach, taking into account the specifics of the object, as well as to connect the study to the practical task of finding the best solution in a situation of conflict of values. To analyze the unfolding of the conflict in conditions of virtual reality the structural-functional method was applied, which allowed conceptualizing the relationship between social phenomena of different levels. Using the method of ethical-philosophical analysis we revealed the content of the positions expressed by the participants of the conflict. The method of categorical analysis of legal texts was also applied. As a result of the study it was revealed that in a case of the gap in legal regulation it were the animal rights values and values of responsible consumption that provided the conceptual background for the positions articulated by the conflict participants. Next, we show that in this case the unfair advertising led to a crisis of consumers’ trust and caused the need to strengthen the ethical image of the company. Finally, this case of the company's reaction to the conflict could be conceptualized as an example of “best practice” for business ethics today.

Blockchain technology is an innovative technology that has grown in prominence in recent years that will certainly regulate the development of our network society in the upcoming future. Blockchain technology has received increased care and interest from both academic and general practitioners across the world. Various research articles have been written on the approach, how blockchain technology works and its possible applications in different industries, governmental authorities, etc. Nevertheless, there are no conducted studies that have focused on the usage of blockchain technology in the recruitment process of people of determination (disabilities). This paper aims to establish a POD (People of Determination) platform model. The aim of the model is to support the recruitment process of people of determination (disabilities) by enhancing the chances of them who were hired in different types of United Arab Emirates organizations. To the best of our knowledge, no previous research has been conducted on the usage of blockchain technology in recruitment process of people of determination (disabilities). This research paper will therefore aim to contribute to the existing literature about blockchain technology and recruitment process by providing a proposed model on how to implement the process.

The article attempts to comprehend cyberspace in its dialectical relationship with virtual reality. It is shown that ever-changing cyberspace is the result of the virtualization process. The question of space-time characteristics of virtual reality and ways of their ontological substantiation is raised. The main spatio-temporal properties of virtual reality created by cyberspace are highlighted. It is substantiated that virtual reality, formed by new information technologies, contributed to the creation of a network society, and the existence of cyberspace is its basis, which affects all spheres of public life.

A network paradigm involves looking at the society as an open, multilayered, decentralized system of interactions. A social concept of the networked society terminologically corresponds to the idea of the network state; the network state is characterized by decentralization of power, priority of horizontal relations, almost equal position of the State among other political actors. Legal science does not tend to exaggerate the role of networks and relies on the need for sovereign state power, the mandatory existence of hierarchical power relations. Nevertheless, it is important to see both the new opportunities that network technologies provide for the institution of the State and the corresponding risks. Modern jurisprudence knows both the advantages and disadvantages of network strategies relatively badly, and promising research is being carried out at the intersection of legal science and political science, sociology, and management science. The network methodology can be integrated seamlessly into the jurisprudence methodological toolkit. At the same time, legal science reflects many problems of the theory of the network society and networkization of the state activity in its concepts and categories without the use of “network” terminology.

The article describes the methodological, methodic and socio-project aspects of the views of the modern sociologist and political scientist M. Castells in the framework of a discursive analysis of the possibilities of their use in the further institutionalization of digital sociology, as a relatively autonomous set of scientific data of sociology. The author considers literary sources related to the scientific work of M. Castells, methodological tools of discursive analysis and databases. The paper describes theoretical approaches to the study of the concept of the power of communication in ontological and socio-cultural contexts, as well as the characteristics of the author’s empirical sociological research in the framework of disclosing the logical and semantic components of the concept under consideration. Based on the discursive analysis, the author reveals structural, functional, procedural, organizational and managerial components of the theoretical views of the scientist, which help to clarify the object-subject sphere and the methodological arsenal of sociological research in the field of information and communication network “Internet”. The article considers the scientific approaches of the scientist to clarify the concept of “power” by explaining the role and place of actors in it, as well as use by them of social networks for their influence. The author highlights separately the scientist`s disclosure of the “network society” concept, which determines the network structure of connections based on the activation of information. The paper describes the features of the scientific method of M. Castells, associated with the postulation of the thesis of the regularity of the continuous replacement of scientific concepts in the knowledge of power relations and communications, the importance of flexibility and changing the angle of view of the scientist to solve specific research problems. The author emphasizes the interdisciplinary nature of the scientific methodology, method and socio-project approaches of the scientist. The study gives the directions of implementation of scientific developments of M. Castells in digital sociology, substantiates socio-project ways of increasing the positive potential of Internet communications in the context of digital society development.

Kitle iletişim araçlarının baş döndürücü gelişimi özellikle soğuk savaş sonrası dönemden beri içinde yaşadığımız çağın basitçe dijital çağ olarak adlandırılmasına neden olmuştur. O zamandan beri insanlık bu adlandırılmaya uygun olabilecek birçok gelişmeye tanıklık etmiştir. Bu zamana kadar adım adım topluma entegre olmayı başaran yeni kitle iletişim araçları sosyal yaşamın merkezine yerleşmeyi başarmıştır. Artık bireyler bu araçlar ile sosyalleşmektedirler. Ancak bu sosyalleşme süreci düşünüldüğünden daha kapsamlı bir değişimin eşiğinde durmaktadır. Toplumsal yaşama ait her şey sayısallaşmakta ve dijitalleşmektedir. Tüm dünya dijital bir dönüşüm sürecinden geçmektedir. Dijital dönüşüm beraberinde yeni bir kamusallık biçimini getirmekte ve bu yeni kamusallık küresel ölçekte dijital bir kültürün oluşmasında alan vazifesi görmektedir. Böylece bu makalenin amacı dijital dönüşümün etkilerini, bu dönüşümün ortaya çıkaracağı riskleri ve fırsatları, toplumda oluşan dijital kamusallık biçimi ve giderek yükselmekte olan dijital kültür üzerinden analiz etmektir. Bu doğrultuda, Herbert Marcuse, Paul Virilio ve Manuel Castells’in görüşlerinden hareketle çeşitli istatistiklerden yararlanılmıştır.

How do we think about networks under post- digital conditions? What does this imply for research? This journal issue takes as its outset, the call of the transmediale festival to “[leave] be- hind a decade marked by a backlash against the Internet and the network society” in order to re-evaluate the limits of ‘networks’. It refers to Robert Filliou’s “The Eternal Network,” an idealistic notion from the 1960s, pointing to the interconnectedness of everyday-life actions across an emerging global world at that time. This is a good reminder that network cultures exist beyond the technical reality of network culture as we now know it despite our primary identification of networks with social media and planetary computation. By drawing on the legacies of critical and autonomous network cultures, the aim was to make the limits of Internet-based networks visible but also highlight alternatives. Is there a conceivable counter-power to networks? Which alternative technological models and cultural narratives are needed to construct the principles of end-to-end communication anew? How might the critique of networks extend to non-western contexts and reflect the limits in a global perspective? To answer such complex questions, this editorial begins by reflecting on the periodizing logic that invites us to leave behind “the backlash against the Internet.” What comes before and after the network?

The article addresses the issue of civic participation in online communities. It is shown that modern network technologies make it easy to combine institutionalized forms of civic participation with informal practices through social media. In today’s digital world, unique activities have appeared that were not feasible before the introduction of online technologies: hacktivism as a new type of civil disobedience, Internet propaganda, the viral launch of hashtags and challenges in TikTok, monitoring of electoral procedures for webcams, etc. According to the author of the article Numerous publications by scientists about the deep crisis of civil society institutions, in fact, do not describe the decline in civic participation, but its complication and reorientation to more non-hierarchical and creative practices with t ud amenable to analysis by customary methods. According to the author, the increasing influence of information and communication technologies on the political process has contributed to a refocusing of civic activism towards the mediation of politics and media activism. The article emphasizes that the capabilities of Internet technologies contribute to the alienation of citizens from real problems, the rooting of virtual imitation of civic participation, forming the so-called foci of fake activism.The article presents an analysis of a new form of citizen activity – online rallies. The April case of online rallies in 2020 is analyzed in detail using the “Talkers” service of the popular car navigator from Yandex. It is concluded that online rallies will gradually be introduced into the Russian political process. In this regard, online space is becoming more polarized and politically dangerous. It is proved that the self-organization of citizens in online communities contributes to the slow transformation of the existing institutional framework.

La sociedad de la información y la generalización del uso de internet han creado un nuevo modelo de sociedad totalmente incomparable a la de finales del s. XX. Nos encontramos en una sociedad en red globalizada que permanece informada de forma inmediata y que, a su vez, demanda un sistema de Gobierno Abierto basado en los pilares de transparencia, colaboración y participación. Precisamente, en lo referente a la participación, la ciudadanía nunca ha tenido tanta facilidad como la que ostenta ahora para poder expresarse a través de la web, redes sociales o aplicaciones móviles. Si bien es cierto que el modelo representativo sigue siendo el más adecuado a la realidad social, política y jurídica de las democracias actuales, aún podría complementarse con nuevos mecanismos participativos.Recibido: 14.04.2020Aceptado: 12.06.2020Publicación en línea: 03.07.2020

The introduction of the state paradigm of Smart Government allows governments to transform states or individual regions into intelligent ecosystems that use the latest technologies to improve the quality of municipal and state services, create business environments for sustainable economic development, reduce costs and stimulate economical consumption of natural resources. The lack of a consistent conceptual framework as a theoretical platform for the phenomenon of Smart Government inhibits further research and the solving of practical problems in this field. The paper aims to tackle the problem of the ambiguous definition of Smart Government. The methodological basis embraces the theory of network society and the concept of Society of Knowledge. The research method is a scientometric analysis of publications on the formation of Smart Government as a supreme form of e-Government presented in scientific and analytical publications over the past twenty years. The research analyses the key interpretations of Smart Government, identifies its fundamental characteristics and formulates the authors’ integrated definition of the phenomenon. The findings show that the issue under discussion gained in popularity during the period of 2014–2019. The study identifies authors and consulting companies that develop models for the transition to smart management both at regional and state levels. It also deals with the sectoral and thematic structure of the publication flow on the issue and reveals the problem of ambiguity of the Smart Government definition. Using semantic analysis, the authors propose their own definition of the concept of Smart Government, which is a developed e-Government based on open management that integrates physical, digital, public and private environments for passive and active interaction and cooperation with citizens so as to support sustainable and flexible development of services and opportunities provided. Five structural elements of the Smart Government are identified by the method of structural-logical analysis: smart indicators, smart goals, smart solutions, technology platform, and technologies. The current research can serve as a theoretical basis for creating smart government transition methods.

The article presents the dynamics of transformation of network characteristics of modern society, related to changes in the quality and structure of communications, which are expanding and differentiating in the public space integrated with the Internet. The ways of development of information and communication technologies in all spheres – social, political, economic, cultural, which are conditioned by the network logic of development of social subjects are analyzed. The analysis of the actual researches concerning problems of formation of the new model of organization of socio-political space in which horizontal network communications dominates and many different actors involved in the transformation of public policy, as well as the role and importance of network structures possessing high potential for self-organization and mobilization. The peculiarities of functioning of the Ukrainian political system, which, on the one hand, reflect the global trends of network public policy formation, are considered; on the other hand, existing social networking practices are not always linked to increasing public resources and developing democratic foundations of politics. The author draws attention to the dominance of informal political communication practices, the imitation of publicity, the formation of clan politics and the patrimonial political system that characterize the destructive potential of social networks. The article provides a theoretical substantiation of the concept of "Internet in public regional policy", which allows to expand the paradigmatic field of political science, as well as to apply the network method to the analysis of Ukrainian public policy, which makes it possible not only to explain new socio-political phenomena, but also to define new vectors development of the modern political system of Ukraine based on the principles of democratic participation and cooperation of the state and civil society. The effects of the Internet of communications through the penetration of network society into public policy and its actions, which is multidimensional in nature and manifested as changes at different levels, causes the emergence of innovative mechanisms that reproduce its new type, namely network public policy.

Buscou-se estudar o acesso às informações contidas num sistema de Banco de Dados em plataforma colaborativa. A funcionalidade é fornecer informações sobre armazenamento de dados sobre a profissão, vida, obra, pensamento, arquivos pessoais e memórias de médicos de Portugal e do Brasil que vão para muito além da Medicina. Iniciando-se pela Bahia e estendendo-se a captura de informação aos médicos da Comunidade de Países de Língua Portuguesa. A Mediawiki apresenta-se como espaço aberto à inserção de dados pelos próprios médicos e pessoas afins, interessadas em sua atualização on-line. Objetivamos apresentar abordagens conceituais sobre arquivos pessoais, informação, tecnologia digital, paradigma pós-custodial, interdisciplinaridade, plataformas colaborativas e arquitetura da informação. Acompanha compreensão teórica e conceitual do que se espera de um ambiente colaborativo. Apresentamos a nova interface do sistema, com a migração do banco de dados MYSQL, chamado por código PHP em página HTML. A metodologia adotada foi a revisão de literatura e aplicação de processos experimentais. Como resultados temos o preenchimento de novos dados e na inclusão de médicos com a utilização da nova interface. Duas barreiras foram transpostas: uma refere-se à limitação geográfica superada pela internet e a outra que permite a ação dos usuários médicos e pessoas afins, na proposição quantitativa do preenchimento do sistema de informação de médicos e a sua fiabilidade. Consideramos que o acesso à informação pela internet foi positivo, pois encontramos uma proposição quantitativa de atualização do sistema, com poder ilimitado de dados e acessos capazes de superar as transposições tecnológicas desta sociedade em rede.

Based upon the concept of informational waves developed by Brasilina Passarelli to represent different historical moments related to Internet access, appropriation, interactive content production due to media and information literacy development, participation, sharing of information until nowadays continuous connectivity to trans literacy, this article objective is to build a theoretical approach to information waves in relation to other specialists on the issue. Passarelli (2010) proposed, initially, two informational waves at the network society: the very first one based on providing access to the Internet to avoid digital divide; the second one relying on media and information literacy (MIL) to produce multimedia Web knowledge. Nowadays we live the convergence of IoT, big data and AI and due to this contemporaneous scenario emerges the “third informational wave” with the concept of trans literacy considering interactions among humans and non- humans, developing a rebirth of sociabilities and causing a disruption on the network limits so far spreading itself throughout all social life spheres., A partir del concepto de “ondas informacionales “ propuesto por Brasilina Passarelli para representar los diferentes momentos históricos del acceso a Internet: apropiación, producción de contenidos digitales interactivos con literacias de media e información, participación, compartiendo hasta la conectividad continua actual y a las transliteracias, este trabajo tiene por objetivo la construcción teórica de las tres ondas informacionales propuestas por la investigadora y su relaciones con especialistas otros del tema. Passarelli (2010) distinguió, inicialmente, dos “ondas informacionales” en la sociedad en red: la primera centralizada em políticas públicas de acceso a la Internet para superar la brecha digital; la segunda concentraba-se en las diferentes formas de apropiación y producción de conocimientos em la Web con las literacias de media e información. Actualmente vivenciamos el solapamiento de la Internet de Coisas (IoT), big data e inteligencia artificial y, como resultado esta nova ecología de las redes emerge una “tercera onda informacional “protagonizada por el concepto de transliteracias, que considera las interacciones entre humanos y non humanos, recría formas de sociabilidades y rompe los límites de la red, alastrando-se por todas las esferas de la vida social contemporánea., A partir do conceito de “ondas informacionais” cunhado por Brasilina Passarelli para representar os diferentes momentos históricos de acesso à Internet, apropriação, produção de conteúdos digitais interativos nas literacias de mídia e informação, participação, compartilhamento até chegar à conectividade contínua e às transliteracias, o objetivo central deste artigo consiste na construção teórica das três ondas informacionais propostas pela pesquisadora e suas relações com especialistas no tema. Passarelli (2010) distinguiu, inicialmente, duas “ondas informacionais” na sociedade em rede: a primeira cujo núcleo central foi definido pelas preocupações políticas e programas de acesso para inclusão digital; a segunda concentrava-se nas diferentes formas de apropriação e produção de conhecimentos na Web a reboque das literacias de mídia e informação. Atualmente vivenciamos o imbricamento da internet das coisas, big data e inteligência artificial e, a reboque desta nova ecologia das redes emerge uma “terceira onda informacional” protagonizada pelo conceito das transliteracias, que abarca as interações entre humanos e não-humanos, recria formas de sociabilidade e rompe os limites da rede, alastrando-se por todas as esferas da vida social contemporânea.

Nowadays, we live in the so-called Network Society (Castells, 2003), a reality in which presence is no longer limited to physical places and begins to happen especially in virtual places. The online environment has come to emerge what is known as Cyberculture, a characteristic phenomenon of cyberspace and in which the pre-existing culture extends and renews itself and recreates itself. In this paper, we seek to explore the question of identity and the doubts that hang in the head of the human being about what is considered real or not, making use of the film The Matrix (1999), of the Wachowski brothers, where we will retrieve excerpts from the film and with which it can be connected with Simulacra and Simulation (1981).

The subject of this research is the mechanism of integrated cooperation of law enforcement authorities, which due to application of modern technologies and capabilities of mathematical modeling and with consideration of the current political, organizational and normative-legal factors of counteracting criminality, would allow eliminating the organizational and management contradictions between the virtually established vertical-subordination model of interaction of the law enforcement authorities and the framework of public administration. The goal of this work consists in introduction of the basic foundations of mathematical modeling of interaction of law enforcement authorities at the intersection of two scientific directions – game theory and social network analysis, in the process of improving social technologies of public administration in the law enforcement sphere. The article is prepared on the basis of law enforcement practice leaning on the positions of social administrative theory, cybernetics, information analysis, and most recent achievements in the area of cross-disciplinary studies. The scientific novelty is defined by the hypothesis on the network social structure. Due to this fact, the developed mechanism of network interaction of law enforcements authorities [4, p. 31-41] is an element of digital economy responsible for solution of economic-mathematical problems, which in turn, substantiates the mechanism of improvement of social technologies of public administration in the law enforcement sphere.

The article is devoted to the analysis of music reviews as affected by transformation of the genre and its framework in the convergent media environment. The proposed original structure of analysis is developed and reasoned based on the ideas presented in works by Russian and foreign scholars on the specific features of the review as a genre (Ye. A. Nabiyeva, A. A. Tertychnyi, and others), media convergence (H. Jenkins, T. Rogers, and others), interpretation of music images (T. Adorno, Yu. Strakovich, and others), suggestiveness of media texts (A. Beck, D. Burns, J. Baron and others). The analysis structure includes three basic sections: content, environment of publication, communicative tactics; each section is expanded in several criteria grades. The review is considered as an analytical genre that is traditionally based on suggestion as the leading communicative strategy. However, today this genre is transforming intensively in the mutable deinstitutionalized environment of the network mass media. Distortions, which are inevitable in conversion of an artistic image into a text, become especially identifiable in music reviews and increase subjectivity initially typical for this genre. The structure of analysis elaborated in the article engages particularly a classification of heuristics, or cognitive biases, which are considered to be cognitive distortions turning in opinion journalism into the means of expression and suggestion. These means are regarded as the foundation for the genesis of local media myths. The proposed method is tested on the review published at the Colta web portal. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significance of the research done for some general issues of communication studies, and in particular notes the method’s applicability to the analysis of inner cognitive triggers a person feels exposed to in the network society.

The article provides a comprehensive study and systematization of the main approaches and theories to the study of digital environmental activism based on a related-literature analysis. The authors came to the conclusion that, in the conceptualization of a digital environmental activism, researchers place emphasis either on the features of the digital technologies that drive such activity, or on the basis of the environmental mobilization itself. In this work, combining both approaches with digital environmental activism, the authors understand the voluntary collective activity around common environmental interests and values that are implemented publicly and voluntarily through the use of new informational and communication technologies. The article discusses the main features of digital environmental activism, which include, on the one hand, the enhancement of environmental knowledge, and the change in the paradigm of interaction between actors in which they become not only consumers of information, but also its active producers. On the other hand, digital practices contribute to the alienation of users from the real protest movement by limiting them to virtual means of interaction; additionally, this form of participation is not accessible to all citizens, thereby generating new forms of digital inequality and social distances. The authors examined various types of digital participation which include clicktivism, meta-voting, self-affirmation, e-finance, political consumer protection, digital petitions, botivism, data activity, and hacktivism. The authors critically assess both established and new theoretical approaches to the study of digital eco-activism such as Castells’ theory of network society, deliberative democracy, “citizen science”, socio-psychological theories to explain environmental behavior, and Digital Environmental Humanities. The author’s vision of possible options for data synthesis in the study of environmental online activism for the Russian scientific context is proposed.

Contemporary network society with the exclusive role of Internet communications is significantly changing all spheres of life, opening up additional opportunities for manipulating public consciousness through virtual channels. The article looks into the religious aspect of self-presentation 0f several leaders 0f the Chechen Republic in the s0cial netw0rks and c0nsiders h0w the “religi0us factor” is actualized 0n the Internet pages 0f the p0litical and religi0us elite 0f the republic. The social political analysis of the views and attitudes of elite groups allows us to determine the development vectors of the regional community and to predict emerging problems, the main characteristics and elements of which are reflected on social network pages. The article presents the results of a sociological study of Internet activity of the Chechen elite on the VKontakte, Instagram and Telegram pages. The study was based on network analysis, that is, a noncontact method of digital sociology, taking into account the normative, visual and substantial aspects of the presentation of the studied objects. The following political and religious leaders of the Chechen Republic were chosen: Ramzan Kadyrov, the Head of the Chechen Republic, Muslim Khuchiev, the Chairman of the Chechen Government, Adam Shakhidov, the Advisor to the leader of the Chechen Republic on religious issues, and Salah Mezhiev, Mufti of the Chechen Republic. The analysis of their publication activity and textual content of comments was carried out, which allowed us to identify the key strategies for incorporating religious resource in the regional identity policy. As a result of the study, the high significance of the religious resource for the ideological substantiation of political actions of the regional elite was revealed. Moreover, the reference to the religious context is instrumentalistic and is determined by the political conjuncture. In conclusion, the most problematic points of religious discourse of the Chechen leaders are indicated.

The article argues that the electronically mediated communication contributes to the construction of new, mediated forms of communities the functions of which to foster communities of interest, information spread, and equality of status all work to enhance social capital, despite their lack of direct physical orientation. The mediated, networked individuals treat these mediated communities as real. Therefore the appearance of these new forms of communities leads to the new conceptualization of the relation between self and community. The essence of community can be regarded as a kind of networked individualism in which the networked individuals can chose their own communities, rather than are fitted into them with others involuntarily. Thus the new, mediated form of community implies an individual-center existence and weaker social ties. The new technologies foster communication links outside the individuals’ immediate social surrounds. The aim of this article is to show that the medium of the mediatization and new conceptualization of community is a specific, pictorial language of electronically mediated communication.

Formation and development of the modern network society is accompanied by domination of informatization, wide use of the Internet, information interaction of various technical means in interests of public, social and economic relations. This directly affects such important areas as security and the development of science and education. It makes revolutionary changes in pedagogical practice, transfer and exchange of knowledge, creation of a new professional community of teachers, scientists and engineers. Innovative approaches to the organization of training of specialists in various fields, virtual universities, network transnational consortia of researchers and developers are being formed. In these conditions, it is legitimate to talk about a new branch of law, i.e. the "network law", which regulates public relations, built with the use of infosphere, which is correct and in the interests of national security. Legal regulation of science and education in the interests of national security in a networked society should be considered as a complex, systematic and continuous process that requires improvement of organizational and managerial mechanisms, the legislative framework based on the strategic goals of ensuring national security of Russia, the priorities and objectives of the state national policy. The paper substantiates the existence of a systemic relationship between the features of the network society, national security, education and science, which are in close interaction, complementing and conditioning each other. Taking into account the research goals and objectives, the main provisions of the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation 2020, the Federal law "On education in the Russian Federation", presidential decrees and government resolutions on science and education are analyzed. The conclusion is formulated that the legal regulation of science and education in the interests of national security in a network society acquires a special role as a strategic resource for sustainable development of modern society and an important factor of socio-economic and technological development of Russia.

ICT (Information and Communication Technology) is the main driving force for the people's economic growth. All areas of human life have been seized with advances in ICT, including agricultural which is the basis of food for Indonesian society. ICT can improve productivity. This can also be influenced by the age characteristics of the farmers in each region. This research was to prove the effects of ICT access to agricultural farmers in Manado. By using the theory of network society (Network Society Theory) using a survey method with respondents coming from three farmer groups data to 109 farmers in Manado. According to the survey results, it is evident that the majority of farmers in Manado region still rely heavily on television and YouTube. Manado farmers aged around 30 to 50 years, it is assumed that using ICTs to communicate and access information productively among farmers can increase their productivity, especially in the era of new media like today. Results showed that media usage had a strong and positive correlation factor that influence farmers in accessing agricultural information come from internal and external. Adopting ICTs in agricultural extension was crucial in facilitating farmers to access new markets for their produce and acquire information on the current trend in agriculture.

Se estima que 2300 millones de personas se conectan a internet en el mundo actual, y sus contactos son cada vez más anónimos. El mayor porcentaje de los usuarios son los nativos digitales, esto es, seres humanos que crecieron en medio de la sociedad de la red. Nos referimos a niños y adolescentes, lo cual ha provocado que el pederasta del siglo pasado traslade su campo de acción a un terreno que presenta inconmensurables dificultades para identificarlo y neutralizarlo. El minotauro digital acecha, su voracidad no se frena, se asocia en redes internacionales, usa la tecnología para burlar controles. Contacta niños bajo diversos disfraces, los prepara para que satisfagan sus deseos sexuales en un pavoroso ritual de manipulación emocional que concluye generalmente en el chantaje al menor y a su posterior abuso sexual. El grooming, en muchas legislaciones actuales, presenta serias deficiencias en cuanto a su tipificación. En este trabajo presentamos un estudio desde las coordenadas del funcionalismo normativo sistémico, más concretamente desde el derecho penal del enemigo, exponiendo algunas ideas para profundizar el debate y aportar a la materialización de una campaña real de neutralización contra estos auténticos focos de peligro. Se objetará que nuestra posición entiende al pederasta como Carl Schmitt lo hacía respecto de un determinado grupo racial, lo cual, como lo demostraremos con amplia literatura, es absolutamente falso, pues el enemigo para Jakobs es un delincuente que se aparta macabra y duraderamente del derecho y es abso­lutamente indiferente su estatura o cualquier otra cuestión física. Se criticará que esta posición está basada en prejuicios, pero ¿es acaso posible encontrar un ordenamiento penal en el mundo que se fundamente exclusivamente en juicios? La respuesta es que no, esto no es factible, y se entiende con un ejemplo muy sencillo: nadie discute que en Italia existen diversas organizaciones criminales, no es una sola mafia sino varias empresas delictivas, unas más violentas que otras, unas con más ramificaciones con bandas albanesas o españolas que otras. ¿Es esto un prejuicio? Sus hechos, las investigaciones, las evidencias encontra­das nos dicen que no, que la peligrosidad de todas estas bandas no se discute, pero hay algunas, como la Ndrangheta, que reviste una especial amenaza a la configuración de una sociedad pacífica. En algún momento también existían prejuicios sobre las Brigadas Rojas, el eta o las farc y luego, al reflejarse como amenazas de incalculables proyecciones delictivas, se terminó normando las conductas de su complejo espectro criminal con otra velocidad, lo cual está, desde nuestro enfoque, absolutamente justificado. Approximately, 2.3 billion people connect to the internet in today’s world, with increasingly anonymous contacts. The largest users percentage are digital natives, that means, human beings who grew up in the middle of the network society. We refer to children and adolescents, which has caused the pedophile of the last century to transfer his field of action to a field that pres­ents immeasurable difficulties identifying and neutralizing the problem. The digital Minotaur lurks, its voracity does not stop, it associates in international networks, it uses technology to circumvent controls. It contacts children under various disguises, prepares them to satisfy its sexual desires in a terrifying ritual of emotional manipulation that generally ends in blackmail of the minor and subsequent sexual abuse. Grooming, in many current legislations, presents serious deficiencies regarding its typification. In this work we present a study from the coordinates of systemic normativism, presenting some ideas to go deeper into the discussion and contribute to the fight against these criminals.

No less a person than Manuel Castells, author of the trilogy “The Information Age” (Castells, 2002) has concerned himself with the connection between digital media and the planning of urban living spaces, from the viewpoint both of a media sociologist and of a urban and regional planner. It is also from him that we have the far-reaching term the “information network society”. This new term referring to society is not a new appearance without precursors. Instead, it is based on the preceding concepts of the “knowledge society” (Drucker, 1999) and the “post-industrial society” (Bell, 1979). In the network society new challenges are brought before the members of a society. The accumulation of knowledge reaches its highest level of complexity here. The building of networks is a new societal paradigm that can be recognized not only in technical networks but also in social and geographical ones. When there are no longer constraints of space and time, new network-based communities of interest arise. The constant adjustment activities of the “flexible man” (Sennet, 2000) associated with this result in ever more problems in the network society. In tradition-deprived societies we suffer from “need for identity” and see ourselves turning to “self-crafted existence” (Hitzler & Honer, 1989). One item of this identity kit is local identity, that is always becoming more fleeting and increasingly uses new network media for its formation according to the premise of this work. If we understand “societation” (Vergesellschaftung) to be the continuing process of communicative production and reproduction of social relationships, a fundamental change is clear. Whereas locality-related communication was previously used in determining one’s place in society, this is for many people rather the exception today. Identity was tied to the concrete experience of an empirical locality. The identification of the space found its expression in the identity of the people who filled this place with life. The fundamental problem with this is the fact that societation through media and the computer has become part of the normal equipment of society. But how is society and, above all, local (usually meaning urban) community still possible at all under the conditions of virtualization of social structures? This question is the framework for my remarks on the function and purpose of RegioWikis and CityBlogs as media in the formation of space-related identity. 9

Purpose: The aim of the present article is to identify new dangers and threats posed by the state of peaceful war, which is inherent in the information network society, as well as corresponding to these threats’ new aspects of Russia's national security. Methodology: As research methodology we use an interdisciplinary research strategy, a topological approach, a synergy paradigm, the concept of the Internet of things, the theory of cultural-historical psychology, the concept of positive construction of social reality, propositions of quantum sociology, the concept of “peaceful war” (“hybrid war”, “multidimensional war”), strategies and methods for implementing the systemic nature of Russia's national security. Result: The result is that new aspects of Russia's national security, connected with the “peaceful war”, peculiarities of the impact of new information and communication technologies (ICT) and the Internet of Things as a global computing system (network of networks) on human consciousness, giving specific features to the system of security, and, first of all, its information, psychological, military, cultural and educational components, are shown for the first time. Applications: The application of interdisciplinary, topological and synergistic approaches makes it possible to find out the peculiarities of the impact of ICT and Internet of Things on human consciousness, which functions in accordance with the Mobius band metaphor. Novelty/Originality: The scientific novelty consists in an attempt to apply the concept of “peaceful war”, encompassing all spheres of public life, in order to develop an adequate system for ensuring Russia's national security.

In the humanities and some social sciences, many social theories, histories, and philosophies of networks often draw on incomplete representations of the Internet’s evolution and structure....

The adaptation of the use of communication technology towards media convergence (mediamorphosis) makes it a necessity for radio to change. Jodhipati FM, a commercial radio station in Nganjuk Regency which declared its identity as a Javanese cultural radio station, has also made the change. The uniqueness of Jodhipati FM to broadcast 100% Javanese cultural programs originated from the demands of listeners to listen to the wayang kulit (leather puppet) program. The close interaction and relationships between the listeners and radio management has made every change in Jodhipati FM driven by the interests of the listeners. This qualitative research collected data through a virtual ethnography supplemented by participant observation and in-depth interviews with nine informants. The results found there to be a mediamorphosis pattern that explains the stages of Jodhipati FM’s change and the influence of the listeners’ demands, from the early history of its establishment through to the present. At present, Jodhipati FM uses Facebook, streaming and WhatsApp as broadcast support. In interactive engagement between the listeners and radio management in the virtual world, both parties have an equal role as media producers. In the life of a networked society, the listener experiences a shift in role and characteristics. Apart from acting as the media producer, the radio listeners are involved in programming, they are free to criticize and they are also free to look for sponsors and advertisements. The characteristics of the listener have also changed. They become physically visible, their voices are heard, their personalities are revealed, they live in various social networks, age restrictions disappear, there are no territorial boundaries and there are no time limits. As a cultural radio station, Jodhipati FM has the advantage of being able to preserve and spread Javanese culture throughout the world.

Ambivalence of constructive significance of social networks and negative ways of using them has been revealed. The fatality of long-term exposure and internet addiction to health, especially of children and adolescents, is characterized. Examples and typical features of committing internet hooliganism, cyber-fraud, cybercrime, blackmail of sexual nature, internet seduction of children and adolescents are presented. Attention to growing importance of formation of internet culture, development and improvement of legislative and legal provisions that toughen punishments for atrocities in cyberspace is drawn.

Effective uses of digital technologies are vital to full inclusion in a network society. Digital-abilities researchers have produced several major frameworks, but these have generally not i...

The internet and social media expand public space has been much associated with public space and digital networks in many studies, where Habermas's public space theory and the theory of the Castells network society have been much debated about its relevance to the techno-social development. Both Habermas and Castells tend to see the public space of the Internet as a contestation space where corporate and state forces work in various ways to control and dominate it. This study emphasizes more on the creativity of citizens forming community networks through the use of the Internet and social media and conducting autonomous conversations in the public space. Netnographic studies of the dynamics of the discourse of public space in the social movement networked Indonesia Berkebun show that the Internet and social media become creative means for citizens to package global discourse locally to voice their demands. This study concludes that the concepts and theories of public space, network society are relevant as tools for analyzing public space and Internet networks and social media. The potential of the Internet network and social media as autonomous communication spaces depends on the design and purpose and the utilization of available features. Conversations - conversations that are restricted to the agenda of the 3E program help communities focus on discourse and shape the character of a rational Indonesian gardening space. This community from the beginning realized the potential of the Internet and social media to form networks and public spaces. But like gardening, public space requires commitment, such as caring for the garden from pest attacks, weeds, giving it fertilizer so the plants grow as expected.

Purpose This study expands on the results of a stakeholder-driven research project on quality indicators and output assessment of art and design research in Flanders—the Northern, Dutch-speaking region of Belgium. Herein, it emphasizes the value of arts & design output registration as a modality to articulate the disciplinary demarcations of art and design research. Design/methodology/approach The particularity of art and design research in Flanders is first analyzed and compared to international examples. Hereafter, the results of the stakeholder-driven project on the creation of indicators for arts & design research output assessment are discussed. Findings The findings accentuate the importance of allowing an assessment culture to emerge from practitioners themselves, instead of imposing ill-suited methods borrowed from established scientific evaluation models (Biggs & Karlsson, 2011)—notwithstanding the practical difficulties it generates. They point to the potential of stakeholder-driven approaches for artistic research, which benefits from constructing a shared metadiscourse among its practitioners regarding the continuities and discontinuities between “artistic” and “traditional” research, and the communal goals and values that guide its knowledge production (Biggs & Karlsson, 2011; Hellström, 2010; Ysebaert & Martens, 2018). Research limitation The central limitation of the study is that it focuses exclusively on the “Architecture & Design” panel of the project, and does not account for intra-disciplinary complexities in output assessment. Practical implications The goal of the research project is to create a robust assessment system for arts & design research in Flanders, which may later guide similar international projects. Originality/value This study is currently the only one to consider the productive potential of (collaborative) PRFSs for artistic research.

Modern society is characterized as a network, which makes it necessary to rethink its superstructure — law — in the logic of the network paradigm of scientific knowledge. At the interface of law and information technology, new legal and sub-legal phenomena arise that need to be conceptualized. International private law, being in the forefront of the changes that are taking place, possesses a special methodology that can adapt to the network society. The paper analyzes the individual signs of the formation of a new paradigm. One of the most revolutionary products of the Network are global technological or digital platforms, within which predominantly cross-border private law relationships are formed, mediated by transactions, collectively understood as e-commerce or m-commerce. The legal analysis suggests that americanization of «platform law» is observed. Of interest for the study of the network paradigm is the emerging practice of online arbitration in disputes involving consumers. A significant role in the regulation of modern cross-border relations is assigned to the norms of non-state regulation, traditionally conceptualized through the prism of lex mercatoria, which is now systematized in the logic of the legal system, highlighting the subsystems brought to life by globalization processes. The corresponding changes testify to the modification of the architecture of the regulation of cross-border relations.

This article provides an overview of contemporary research within the interdisciplinary arc of scholarship known as digital religion studies, in which scholars explore the intersection between emerging digital technologies, lived and material religious practices in contemporary culture, and the impact the structures of the network society have on understandings of spirituality and religiosity. Digital religion studies specifically investigates how online and offline religious spaces and practices have become bridged, blended, and blurred as religious groups and practitioners seek to integrate their religious lives with technology use within different aspects of digital culture.

Las estrategias comunicativas, especialmente en la nueva economía, evolucionan de forma cada vez más acelerada, para adaptarse al complejo y cambiante escenario de la interconectada sociedad red.Partiendo de la hipótesis de la existencia de un planteamiento de la estrategia de comunicación 360º, heredero del enfoque propio de la comunicación integrada de marketing, el artículo describe las estrategias de comunicación de tres marcas nativas digitales de referencia en Barcelona, sede del Mobile World Congress, donde se ha desarrollado un contexto interconectado de startups y marcas nativas digitales.Los resultados de esta investigación provienen de tres casos de estudio (Wallapop, Westwing y Fotocasa), que muestran que su planificación estratégica consta de cuatro fases (investigación, planificación, ejecución y evaluación), coincidentes con el modelo RACE de Marston. La estrategia comunicativa que constatan estos casos de estudio pone el foco en el corto plazo, con una perspectiva growth hacker, característica del ecosistema startup, que aprovecha las sinergias entre acciones de publicidad y relaciones públicas. Para llevarlas a cabo estas accciones de comunicación, las marcas nativas digitales buscan sinergias entre acciones, utilizando todas las herramientas de investigación y medición a su alcance, que les permiten experimentar de forma controlada y tomar decisiones basadas en datos, en un proceso de aprendizaje continuo.

A digital era with inevitability raises for us a question of need of definition of determination of the changes, resulting from informatization: processes of transformation of contents, organizational and technological bases and also valuable sense of social communications in virtual space within concepts of “open society”, “network society”, “digital society”. In article views of the reflexive activity and structural theory of communicative action of Jurgen Habermas have been revealed: “the vital world” to which “the system world” resists has been considered. An approach to knowledge of process of evolution through attraction of the typology of communicative actions, developed by Jurgen Habermas, according to which the first type of actions focused on success, and the second type – on understanding, has been described. A modern communicative discourse of users of Internet network has been analyzed, in particular, fragmentation of ordinary consciousness and colonization has been noted by its systems, which is connected with disintegration of a common understanding of the vital worlds. On the basis of the analysis of results of a research of interaction of subjects of the digital communications, carried out by the State university of management, possibilities of interpretation of primary data on the basis of scientific approach of Jurgen Habermas have been introduced. So, for example, it has been shown, that young people actively make habitable “the system world” of virtual space, replacing with it real communications and transforming real forms of behavior of “the vital world”, a certain rationality of young people at assessment of objectivity of information Internet resources is noted, their ability to define “a discourse, that is the argument” in favor of these or those forms of use of opportunities of Internet network. Ways of fuller inclusion in the modern scientific device of digital sociology of approaches of Jurgen Habermas have been offered.

Need of new reading of sociological concepts of society of risk, network society, complex society and different scientific views on modern society in relation to process of an institutionalization of digital sociology as special sociological theory, subject matter and special methodology of knowledge of digital reality has been substantiated. Methodological approaches to use of the principles, the ideas and categories of various schools of sciences, groups of erudite and certain representatives of sociological science to development of the conceptual and categorial device, methodical potential and tools of digital sociology have been adduced. Special attention has been paid to the consideration of the concept of social network of the American sociologist Richard Mark Emerson in the context of digitalization. From positions of the concept of Richard Mark Emerson emergence of new dependences of users of Internet network on special category of subjects socially of interaction – moderators, administrators, owners of resources, the controlling public authorities and also manipulators of people’s attention has been explained; the specific motivation, which reveals itself in such phenomena as hypertrophied aspiration to the self-presentation (“selfie”, etc.); representation of the distorted virtual image for communications, hyperactivity in the appeal to various resources (“Internet surfing”) and also prevalence of motivators and estimated means – anonymous comments, “likes”, posts, reposts, symbolical encouragement and awards. Besides that, the behavior of Internet users has been considered in the context of the theory of the rational choice of the American sociologist James S. Coleman: at all risks of virtual interaction, the choice for integration of social communications into digital space, use of Internet resources for satisfaction of personal and group needs brings more vital benefits for people, than folding of social activity in the Internet network.

Background/Objectives: To define the new concept of social control in network communities and to answer the following questions: What is the new social control? What are the methods of this new social control? and how to reach a controlled use of network communities? Methods/Statistical Analysis: The study used the analytic descriptive methodology that is based on the research and study of the new concept of social control and its main patterns from different angles and qualitatively expresses them through studying the literature review of the problem and discussing it. The study categorized the methods of new social control into two major categories: First, official methods of social control, which are set by the society to enforce a kind of purposeful control of its members through guiding rules and instructions in forms of regulatory legislations to be adhered by all society institutions and individual alike; Second, non-official methods of social control, such as individuals’ following of societal criteria and values, through the process of socialization. We used 29 references of previous studies. Findings: The study defined the new concept of social control as the collective practices and behaviors of society upon its members to educate them, organize their behaviors or control them in order for their behaviors to be consistent with the prevailing criteria through a group of various methods that lead their behaviors to meet the society expectations, such as methods aim at preserving the growth and sustainability of the society and protecting its structure. To achieve the most suitable control of any given society, different societal bodies of two directions – integrated in roles and results – emerge. The first direction stems from inside, where the individual internally desires to adhere to societal criteria and values. This direction is achieved through proper introduction of individuals to the digital environment, starting from the early childhood to the teenage and continues if the individual uses network communities. The second direction is institutional that is reflected on the set laws and written regulations by official authorities such as the Electronic Transactions Law, and the Cyber Crimes Act. Improvements/Applications: The results of this study are confined to the predetermined goals that it sought to achieve and the questions that it sought to answer. Hence, conducting more studies about social control and their different social dimensions to achieve more generalized results is needed. The researcher recommends better dissemination of laws on the use of network communities as well as more attention to the digital socialization of children and adolescents, thus contributing to the development of active and disciplined members of society in the network communities. Keywords: Digital Communities, Network Society, Social Control

In Catalonia, agroecological cooperativism is part of a set of alternatives that appeared as a response to the current hegemonic food consumption model, controlled by large commercial establishments. It is defined by its promotion of short food supply chains (SFSCs), operates under the values of the social and solidarity economy (SSE) and holds a strong political commitment. This article, on the one hand, studies the setup of agroecological cooperativism understood as the outcome of a network of producers, intermediaries and consumers and, on the other hand, examines the impact of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the development of this consumption model. The data has been obtained through on-site interviews and online research on the 56 consumer groups and cooperatives present in Barcelona. Descriptive statistics and correlation analysis have been used to study them. The results prove the salient role that ICT has as a facilitator in the relational network established between the agents that take part in it, thus becoming a key characteristic element of the new agroecological consumer cooperativism.

This paper provides a summary of the doctoral work of Juhana Riekkinen, awarded Doctor of Laws by the Lapin yliopisto (University of Lapland) on 5 June 2019. Index words: Evidence law, civil procedure, Electronic evidence law and legislation, Electronic discovery, Electronic records, Information Technology, Networks