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Objective This study aimed to investigate the short-term effect of ovariohysterectomy on urine levels of serotonin and its relation to levels of cortisol, testosterone and progesterone in female dogs. Seven bitches were studied before surgical ovariohysterectomy and then once a week during 4 weeks. Spontaneously voided urine samples were collected and concentration ratios of hormone/creatinine in urine were analysed. Results The bitches had significantly lower levels of cortisol, testosterone, and progesterone 1 week after ovariohysterectomy compared with before and the levels stayed low throughout the study (P ≤ 0.05). Interestingly, serotonin levels tended to increase 4 weeks after surgery (P = 0.08). A positive correlation between cortisol and progesterone was found before and after surgery. After surgery, serotonin was positively correlated with cortisol and progesterone (P ≤ 0.05).

The problem of treating tumors in dogs remains relevant due to the complexity of pathogenetic cascades, lack of common methodological approaches to diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients, insufficient number of animals in groups, the described nature of the results, incorrect "mechanical" borrowing of therapeutic protocols from human medicine. The proposed treatment regimens do not provide the desired results, there is a steady trend to increase the number of small pets with breast tumors. Therefore, it is important to find alternative treatments for dogs with breast neoplasms, among which, first of all, should be noted the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which cause a positive effect by inhibiting the expression of cyclooxygenase-2, activating apoptosis and inhibiting cancer cell migration. Potentially effective therapeutic methods are electroporation and electrochemotherapy, which can significantly increase the concentration of chemotherapeutic agents in cancer cells against the background of minimal toxicity to healthy tissues. The important role of hypercoagulation in the mechanisms of development and progression of breast tumors in dogs justifies the use of antithrombotic therapy in cancer patients, especially low molecular weight heparins, which can improve the effectiveness of therapeutic protocols and prevent tumor metastasis. It is shown that these methods as part of complex treatment regimens increase the effectiveness of conventional protocols of chemotherapy and radiation therapy, as well as surgery. However, further studies of the pathogenetic aspects of these treatments for breast tumors in bitches and the possibility of combining them with other therapeutic regimens are needed. Key words: bitches, breast neoplasms, treatment protocols, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, electroporation, antithrombotic therapy.

Background and Aim: The concentration of serum progesterone is commonly used to determine the optimal mating time in bitches, and to diagnose reproductive-related abnormalities. This study aims to compare the serum progesterone results obtained by rapid fluorescence immunochromatography assay (RFICA) with those obtained by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) from the same serum samples to develop a standard guideline for optimal breeding time. Materials and Methods: Serum progesterone levels were measured in 124 bitches using RFICA and CMIA. Simple linear regression and correlation analyses were performed to analyze the data. The percentage difference between the maximum and minimum progesterone values in the same serum sample in the same assay was compared using Wilcoxon's rank-sum test. Results: The present study showed a strong linear dependence of the results obtained by RFICA on those obtained by CMIA as R2=0.8976, with regression coefficient of 0.9474 and p0.05). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that it is presumably acceptable to use the RFICA and CMIA methods interchangeably for quality progesterone measurements in serum samples from bitches. However, when considering the use of the RFICA method, it is advisable to carefully interpret the results and follow the interpretation guidelines. Finally, RFICA in the present study provides a reliable and convenient option for veterinarian practitioners to measure canine progesterone levels in-house.

The problem of treating tumors in dogs remains relevant due to the complexity of pathogenetic cascades, lack of common methodological approaches to diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients, insufficient number of animals in groups, the described nature of the results, incorrect "mechanical" borrowing of therapeutic protocols from human medicine. The proposed treatment regimens do not provide the desired results, there is a steady trend to increase the number of small pets with breast tumors. Therefore, it is important to find alternative treatments for dogs with breast neoplasms, among which, first of all, should be noted the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which cause a positive effect by inhibiting the expression of cyclooxygenase-2, activating apoptosis and inhibiting cancer cell migration. Potentially effective therapeutic methods are electroporation and electrochemotherapy, which can significantly increase the concentration of chemotherapeutic agents in cancer cells against the background of minimal toxicity to healthy tissues. The important role of hypercoagulation in the mechanisms of development and progression of breast tumors in dogs justifies the use of antithrombotic therapy in cancer patients, especially low molecular weight heparins, which can improve the effectiveness of therapeutic protocols and prevent tumor metastasis. It is shown that these methods as part of complex treatment regimens increase the effectiveness of conventional protocols of chemotherapy and radiation therapy, as well as surgery. However, further studies of the pathogenetic aspects of these treatments for breast tumors in bitches and the possibility of combining them with other therapeutic regimens are needed. Key words: bitches, breast neoplasms, treatment protocols, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, electroporation, antithrombotic therapy.

Obesity may be associated with the onset of mammary tumors in women. In companion animals, these data are still scarce, mainly associating the clinic of the patient with laboratory and histological findings. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and laboratory aspects of female dogs with mammary neoplasia, investigating whether they are related to obesity. Four groups of spayed or non-spayed female dogs were studied, divided into (G1) female dogs without mammary tumor and normal body condition score (BCS), (G2) female dogs without mammary tumor and obese, (G3) female dogs with mammary tumor and normal BCS and (G4) female dogs with mammary tumor and obese. BCS, canine body mass index (CBMI), blood count, glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides and cytopathological and histopathological examinations were evaluated. Mixed-breed animals were the most prevalent in this study (67.5%). There was a limitation regarding the use of CBMI related to body proportionality. Considering the 28 tumors evaluated, carcinoma in mixed tumor was the most prevalent malignant histological type, while adenomyoepithelioma was the most prevalent benign histological type. It was possible to conclude that obesity was not related to clinical and laboratory changes in the female dogs affected with mammary neoplasias. In addition, no relationship was noted between BCS and CBMI with the histological type or malignancy of mammary neoplasia, since the malignant histological types were the most prevalent tumors in both the ideal score group and the overweight to obese group. RESUMO: A obesidade pode estar associada ao aparecimento de tumores mamários em mulheres. Em animais de companhia, esse dado ainda é escasso, principalmente associando a clínica da paciente aos achados laboratoriais e histológicos. Este estudo objetivou avaliar os aspectos clínicos e laboratoriais de cadelas com neoplasia mamária, investigando se estão relacionadas à obesidade. Foram estudados quatro grupos de cadelas castradas ou não castradas, divididas em (G1) cadelas sem tumor de mama e Escore de Condição Corporal normal (BCS), (G2) cadelas sem tumor de mama e obesa, (G3) cadelas com tumor de mama e ECC normal e (G4) cadelas com tumor de mama e obesa. Foram avaliados o Escore de Condição Corporal (ECC), Índice de Massa Corporal Canina (IMC), hemograma, glicose, colesterol total, triglicerídeos e exames citopatológicos e histopatológicos. Os animais de raça mista foram os mais prevalentes neste estudo (67,5%). Houve uma limitação quanto ao uso do IMC relacionado à proporcionalidade corporal. Considerando os 28 tumores avaliados, o carcinoma em tumor misto foi o tipo histológico maligno mais prevalente, enquanto o adenomioepitelioma foi o tipo histológico benigno mais prevalente. Foi possível concluir que a obesidade não esteve relacionada a alterações clínicas e laboratoriais nas cadelas acometidas por neoplasias mamárias. Além disso, não foi observada relação entre BCS e CBMI com o tipo histológico ou malignidade das neoplasias mamárias, uma vez que os tipos histológicos malignos foram os tumores mais prevalentes no grupo escore ideal e no grupo com sobrepeso e obesidade.

Mammary tumors in female dogs are the most frequent and corresponds to half of the canine tumors. The objectives of this study were to determine the risk factors associated with the occurrence of mammary tumors in female dogs and to evaluate the macroscopic characteristics of these neoformations, using 386 dogs from the “Outubro Rosa Pets” events done within the cities of Uberlândia and Patos de Minas, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, in 2015 (n=194), 2016 (n=105) and 2017 (n=87). For the determination of risk factors, the binary logistic regression test (P5cm). At least 15.4% (14/91) of the dogs had one of the regional lymph nodes increased. In conclusion, the occurrence of mammary tumors in the evaluated population was 23.6% and that age, overweight and non-realization of ovariohysterectomy are risk factors associated with the development of mammary tumors.

The objective of the present study was to obtain echobiometric values for the most important canine maternal-fetal tissues using high-definition ultrasonography (HDUS) trying to update the formulas for predicting gestational age. Twelve healthy bitches of brachycephalic breeds weighing 7-13kg and aged one to four years were included. The fetuses were analyzed every day using conventional and high-definition ultrasonography from the eighth day after artificial insemination until the day of delivery, using the ACUSON S2000/SIEMENS ultrasound equipment and specific software. Embryonic and fetal structures; diameter of the embryonic vesicle; length of the embryo; biparietal diameter, abdominal length and kidney height; length of the femur, humerus, scapula, radius, and tibia; thickening of the stomach wall; adrenal length; and cardiac size were measured. These variables were correlated with gestational and adjusted tested according to regression models. The results obtained (P

Urinaire incontinentie, het ongecontroleerd verlies van urine tijdens de vullingsfase van het urineren, is een veelvoorkomende aandoening bij vrouwelijke honden. De gerapporteerde prevalentie bij intacte teven is slechts 0,2-0,3%, maar dit varieert tussen de 3,1-20,1% bij gesteriliseerde teven. Honden met verworven urine-incontinentie lijden meestal aan urethrale sfinctermechanisme-incompetentie. Deze aandoening lijkt door meerdere factoren veroorzaakt te worden en, alhoewel de exacte pathofysiologie niet volledig bekend is, zijn potentiele risicofactoren geslacht, gonadectomie, ras, lichaamsgewicht, urethrale lengte en positie van de blaashals. In de praktijk is de diagnose van urethrale sfinctermechanisme-incompetentie doorgaans gebaseerd op uitsluiting van andere potentiele oorzaken van urine-incontinentie. Incontinente teven worden hoofdzakelijk medicamenteus behandeld met onder andere alfa-adrenerge geneesmiddelen, bijvoorbeeld fenylpropanolamine en oestrogenen. Chirurgie is aangeraden als de patient refractair wordt ten opzichte van de medicamenteuze behandeling.

The aim was to evaluate if medetomidine and dexmedetomidine affected arterial ovarian blood flow in dogs. The dogs were randomly assigned to two different groups. In Group 1, medetomidine (10 µg/kg) was administered intramuscularly and, in Group 2, dexmedetomidine (5 µg/kg) was used. After a preliminary exam, arterial blood pressure (BP) was measured and a duplex Doppler ultrasonographic examination of both ovarian arteries was performed. Twenty minutes after the administration of medetomidine or dexmedetomidine, BP and ovarian Doppler ultrasonography were repeated. High quality tracings of ovarian artery flow velocity were obtained in all dogs and Doppler parameters: Peak Systolic Velocity (PSV), End Diastolic Velocity (EDV) and Resistive Index (RI) were measured before and after drug administration in the left (LO) and right (RO) ovaries. PSV and EDV values decreased significantly after drug administration (p &lt, 0.05) compared to the non-sedated values, but no differences were found between the LO and RO (p &gt, 0.05). The RI was not affected by drugs administration in neither of the groups studied (p &gt, 0.05). In conclusion, the administration of medetomidine or dexmedetomidine causes a decrease in blood flow velocity in the ovarian artery and may be a good choice to avoid excessive bleeding prior surgeries in which ovariectomy.

PICO question In bitches, is an ovariectomy/ovariohysterectomy by laparoscopy superior to an ovariectomy/ovariohysterectomy by a midline surgical laparotomy in causing less postoperative pain? Clinical bottom line Category of research question Treatment The number and type of study designs reviewed Seven papers were critically appraised. They comprised of three blinded randomised controlled trials, two non-blinded randomised controlled trials and two non-blinded non-randomised controlled trials Strength of evidence Weak Outcomes reported In bitches, ovariectomy/ovariohysterectomy by laparoscopy is superior to ovariectomy/ovariohysterectomy by a midline laparotomy in causing less postoperative pain Conclusion Despite the widely held belief that laparoscopic surgery is associated with less postoperative pain, the available veterinary literature only provides weak evidence to support this in bitches undergoing ovariectomy/ovariohysterectomy. There are many uncontrolled variables to consider across these underpowered studies including surgeon number (and experience), the choice of perioperative analgesia, method of pain scoring and the laparoscopic technique. It is therefore clear that laparoscopic procedures cannot be viewed equally and the strength of the answer to the clinical question may change based upon these variables. It is also important to note that the incidence of complications or the effect of the above variables on postoperative pain have not been critically reviewed and warrant careful consideration when deciding on a laparoscopic approach How to apply this evidence in practice The application of evidence into practice should take into account multiple factors, not limited to: individual clinical expertise, patient’s circumstances and owners’ values, country, location or clinic where you work, the individual case in front of you, the availability of therapies and resources. Knowledge Summaries are a resource to help reinforce or inform decision making. They do not override the responsibility or judgement of the practitioner to do what is best for the animal in their care.

Background: Pyometra is defined as chronic purulent inflammation of the uterus that causes changes in hematological and biochemical parameters. The disease is characterized with bacterial infection and pus accumulation in the uterus. Transabdominal B-mode ultrasonography provides easy and certain diagnosis of this disease. The hemodynamic changes in pyometra are evaluated by Doppler ultrasonography. The aim of the study is to determine the changes in hematological parameters and Doppler indices in bitches with pyometra, diestrus healthy bitches and evaluate the relationship between hematological parameters and hemodynamic indices within the both groups.Materials, Methods & Results: A total number of 27 bitches were enrolled in the study. The healthy diestrus bitches (group H; n = 7) aged 6.2 ± 1.14 years, weighted 14.57 ± 3.75 kg. The bitches with pyometra (group PYO; n = 20) aged 9.1 ± 0.62 years and weighted 17.65 ± 2.60 kg. Before all bitches had ovariohisterectomy, hematological analyses were performed. Transabdominal ultrasonography (USG) was performed with a 6.6 MHz convex transducer. The widest cross-sectional uterine diameter (UD), wall thickness of uterine horns (UWT) and presence of luminal content were evaluated. Diameter of the uterine artery (DUA) was measured on a mapped color image using the USG software program. The examination was carried out with pulsed-wave Doppler USG to characterize the waveform of the uterine artery (UA). Anechogenic areas in uterine lumen, increase in UD and UWT were observed in group PYO. All cases in group PYO had luminal content in both uterine horns ranging from 1.2 to 5.6 cm. The DUAs were measured in group H and in group PYO as 1.75 ± 0.03 mm, 1.94 ± 0.08 mm; respectively (P < 0.05). The PI and RI values of group PYO were lower than group H (P < 0.001). Hematological analysis results showed that RBC, HGB, HCT levels in group PYO were lower than group H (P < 0.001). However, WBC, NEU, LYM, MONO levels in group PYO were higher than group H. Hemodynamic indices were positively correlated with RBC, HGB, HCT, whereas they were inversely correlated with NEU, WBC, UD and UWT. Also, PI value was negatively correlated with MONO.Discussion: Cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH) is a predisposing factor for development of the pyometra in bitches. Besides, naturally occurring CEH and pyometra can arise independently from each other. The enlarged uterine body exhibits the development of intense exudative processes due to the higher proliferative stimulation in uterine infections. Uterine infections were associated with increase in uterine blood flow. Elevated uterine blood flow, vasodilatation and angiogenesis arise during inflammatory response. The inflammatory process leads to a diminution in hemodynamic indices of uterine arteries. Total blood count parameters are affected from the presence of pyometra. Elevated levels of leukocytes in bitches with pyometra are associated with worsening prognosis. Erythrocyte diapedesis into the lumen of the uterus, toxic depression of erythropoiesis in the bone marrow can cause anemia. In conclusion, hematological parameters were strongly correlated with hemodynamic indices in this study. Reduced RBC, HGB and HCT levels, decreased PI and RI values and elevated levels of UD, UWT, DUA were observed in group PYO. To our knowledge, this was the first study that observed the increase in DUA during pyometra in bitches.

The aim of this research was to evaluate the analgesia provided by red propolis and Mikania glomerata oral administration in 40 female dogs submitted to ovariohysterectomy (OH) compared to standard treatment with no steroidal anti-inflammatory ketoprofen. Through of a doble-blind and randomized study, the animals were divided in four different groups with 10 animals of treatments: control treatment with ketofen (CT), propolis treatment (PT), Mikania glomerata treatment (MT), and propolis-Mikania glomerata treatment (PGT). All pacients received one of these treatments two hours before OH and the pain evaluation was performed 1 (T1), 6 (T6), 12 (T12), and 24 hours (T24) after OH using University of Melbourne Pain Scale and the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale. Glucose levels were also measured at the same times, except at 6 hours after OH (T6). All treatments achieved similar and satisfactory analgesia. During the experiment, only three animals were rescued, two belonging to the PT and another of the MT. Considering the lower rate of complications and no rescue necessity of in PGT and CT treatments, they were considered the most effective and safer. The combined treatment with propolis and Mikania glomerata could be a promising alternative method for OH surgery analgesia in bitches. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la analgesia proporcionada por el propóleo rojo y la administración oral de Mikania glomerata en 40 perras sometidas a ovariohisterectomía (OH) en comparación con el tratamiento estándar con el antiinflamatorio no esteroideo ketoprofeno. A través de un estudio doble ciego y aleatorizado, los animales se dividieron en cuatro grupos con 10 animales de diferentes tratamientos: tratamiento control con ketófeno (CT), tratamiento con propóleo (PT), tratamiento con Mikania glomerata (MT) y propóleo- Tratamiento con Mikania glomerata (PGT). Todos los pacientes recibieron uno de estos tratamientos dos horas antes de la OH y la evaluación del dolor se realizó 1 (T1), 6 (T6), 12 (T12) y 24 horas (T24) después de la OH utilizando la Escala de Dolor de la Universidad de Melbourne y el compuesto de Glasgow Miden la escala de dolor. Los niveles de glucosa también se midieron en los mismos momentos, excepto 6 horas después de la OH (T6). Todos los tratamientos obtuvieron una analgesia similar y satisfactoria. Durante el experimento, solo se rescataron tres animales, dos de PT y uno de MT. Considerando la menor tasa de complicaciones y la no necesidad de rescate en los tratamientos de PGT y TC, se consideraron los más efectivos y seguros. El tratamiento combinado con propóleo y Mikania glomerata puede ser una alternativa prometedora para la analgesia quirúrgica con OH en perras. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a analgesia proporcionada pela própolis vermelha e pela administração oral de Mikania glomerata em 40 cadelas submetidas à ovariohisterectomia (OH) em comparação ao tratamento padrão com o antiinflamatório não esteroidal cetoprofeno. Por meio de um estudo duplo-cego e randomizado, os animais foram divididos em quatro grupos com 10 animais de tratamentos diferentes: tratamento controle com cetofeno (CT), tratamento com própolis (PT), tratamento com Mikania glomerata (MT) e própolis-Mikania glomerata tratamento (PGT). Todos os pacientes receberam um desses tratamentos duas horas antes da OH e a avaliação da dor foi realizada 1 (T1), 6 (T6), 12 (T12) e 24 horas (T24) após a OH usando a Escala de Dor da Universidade de Melbourne e o Composto de Glasgow Medir a escala de dor. Os níveis de glicose também foram medidos nos mesmos momentos, exceto 6 horas após OH (T6). Todos os tratamentos obtiveram analgesia semelhante e satisfatória. Durante o experimento, apenas três animais foram resgatados, sendo dois do PT e outro do MT. Considerando o menor índice de complicações e a não necessidade de resgate nos tratamentos de PGT e TC, foram considerados os mais eficazes e seguros. O tratamento combinado com própolis e Mikania glomerata pode ser uma alternativa promissora para analgesia cirúrgica de OH em cadelas.

Mammary tumor is the most frequent among the tumors that affect canine females, with relevant importance in veterinary medicine. The objective of this study was to determine the image characteristics of mammary tumors in female dogs, and compare different ultrasonographic techniques for neoplastic evaluation. During the experiment, 30 bitches with presence of nodular lesion in the mammary gland were used. Initially females were submitted to clinical and laboratory evaluations, and subsequent to the ultrasound examination of the tumor mass, as well as abdominal ultrasound and thoracic x-ray for the metastasis investigation. Quantitative analysis by histogram of the gray levels and categorization of the tumor masses by the BI-RADS system were performed. Later, the bitches were submitted to surgical resection of the tumors, where samples of the neoplastic tissue were collected for histopathological analysis. Carcinoma in mixed tumor showed a higher rate (33.3%), and the malignancy degree of epidermal tumors were classified in grade 1 (n=9), grade 2 (n=12) and grade 3 (n=3). Malignancy degree showed positive correlation with BI-RADS (r=0.55; P

The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality and recovery from anesthesia promoted by the tiletamine-zolazepam (TZ) combination administered intravenously (IV) continuously in bitches pre-medicated with acepromazine. Eight cross-bred, clinically healthy bitches weighing 13.7 ±1.9kg on average were used in this study. After a food fast of 12 h and a water fast of four hours, the animals were treated with acepromazine (0.1mg/kg, intramuscular) and, after 15 minutes, anesthesia was induced with a combination of tiletamine-zolazepam (2mg/kg, IV) immediately followed by continuous IV infusion thereof at a dose of 2mg/kg/h for 60 min. The following parameters were measured in all animals immediately before administration of acepromazine (M15), immediately before anesthetic induction (M0), and at 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min after initiation of continuous infusion (M5, M10, M20, M30, M40, M50, and M60): electrocardiography (ECG), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), respiratory rate (RR), body temperature (BT), and arterial hemogasometry, with the last performed only at experimental times M15, M0, M30, and M60. A subcutaneous electrical stimulator was used to evaluate the degree of analgesia. Myorelaxation and quality of anesthetic recovery were also assessed, classifying these parameters as excellent, good, and poor. Anesthetic recovery time was recorded in minutes. HR increased significantly at time M10 in relation to that at M-15, and at times M5, M10, M40, and M50 in relation to that at M0. MAP decreased significantly at M20 and M30 compared with the baseline. BT decreased significantly at M50 compared with that at M0, but no hypothermia was observed. RR showed significant reduction at M5, M10, and M20 in relation to that at M-15, and at M5 and M10 in relation to that at M0, and bradypnoea was observed during the first 20 min after anesthetic induction. Significant decreases in the PR interval at times M10, M40, and M50 were observed in relation to that at M15. Amplitude of the R wave showed significant decrease at M20 compared with that at M-15. In the other ECG parameters, no significant difference was observed between the times evaluated. Hemogasometric parameters and analgesia did not show significant alterations. Myorelaxation and quality of anesthetic recovery were considered excellent. Recovery time was 15.1±7.7 min for positioning of sternal decubitus and 45.5±23.1 minutes for return of ambulation. Continuous IV administration of TZ combination does not produce satisfactory analgesia and does not cause severe cardiorespiratory and hemogasometric effects in bitches pre-medicated with acepromazine. RESUMO: Objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade e a recuperação da anestesia promovida pela associação tiletamina-zolazepam, administrada por via intravenosa (IV) contínua, em cadelas pré-medicadas com acepromazina. Foram utilizadas oito cadelas, sem raças definidas, clinicamente sadias, pesando em média 13,7±1,9kg. Após jejum alimentar de 12 horas e hídrico de quatro horas, os animais foram medicados com acepromazina (0,1mg/kg, via intramuscular) e, após 15 minutos, a anestesia foi induzida com a associação tiletamina-zolazepam (2mg/kg, IV) seguida imediatamente pela infusão IV contínua da mesma, na dose de 2mg/kg/h, durante 60 minutos. Os parâmetros que foram mensurados em todos os animais, imediatamente antes da administração da acepromazina (M-15), imediatamente antes da indução anestésica (M0) e, aos 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 e 60 minutos após o início da infusão contínua (M5, M10, M20, M30, M40, M50 e M60) foram os seguintes: eletrocardiografia (ECG), frequência cardíaca (FC), pressão arterial média (PAM), frequência respiratória (f), temperatura corpórea (TC) e hemogasometria arterial, esta sendo realizada apenas nos momentos M-15, M0, M30 e M60. Para avaliação do grau de analgesia foi empregado um estimulador elétrico subcutâneo. Também se avaliou o miorrelaxamento e a qualidade da recuperação anestésica, classificando estes parâmetros em: excelente, bom e ruim. O tempo de recuperação anestésica foi registrado em minutos. A FC aumentou significativamente no momento M10 em relação ao M-15, e nos momentos M5, M10, M40 e M50 em relação ao M0. A PAM diminuiu significativamente em M20 e M30 em comparação ao valor basal. A TC diminuiu significativamente em M50 em comparação ao M0, mas não foi observada hipotermia. A f apresentou uma redução significativa nos momentos M5, M10 e M20 em relação ao M-15, e em M5 e M10 em relação ao M0, sendo observado bradipneia durante os primeiros 20 minutos após a indução anestésica. Foram observadas diminuições significativas do intervalo PR nos momentos M10, M40 e M50, em relação ao M-15. A amplitude da onda R apresentou diminuição significativa em M20 em comparação ao M-15. Nos demais parâmetros da ECG não houve diferença significativa entre os momentos avaliados. Os parâmetros hemogasométricos e a analgesia não apresentaram alterações significativas. O miorrelaxamento e a qualidade da recuperação anestésica foram considerados excelentes. O período de recuperação foi de 15,1±7,7 minutos para posicionamento do decúbito esternal e 45,5±23,1 minutos para retorno da deambulação. A administração intravenosa contínua de tiletamina-zolazepam não produz analgesia satisfatória e não causa efeitos cardiorrespiratórios e hemogasométricos severos, em cadelas pré-tratadas com acepromazina.

The aim of this study was to relate the serum concentration IL-6, IGF-1, leptin and estrogen in non-castrated bitches with or without overweight and early stage mammary carcinomas. Forty-three bitches were divided into four groups, two groups without mammary carcinomas with and without overweight, and two groups with mammary carcinomas with and without overweight. Overweight bitches, with or without mammary carcinomas, were statistically different from bitches by ideal weight, in relation to ECC, IMCC and body fat percentages (P< 0.0001). There was a positive correlation between ECC and IMCC (P< 0.0001), ECC and % GC (P< 0.0001), and IMCC and % GC (P< 0.0001). A positive correlation was found between serum leptin and IL-6 (P= 0.0451) and leptin and IGF-1 (P= 0.05). A positive correlation (P= 0.0053) between ECC and leptin was found in the analysis of body evaluation methods and serum concentrations, and a negative correlation between ECC and IL-6 (P= 0.0435). Among the fat percentage and the leptin concentration, there was a positive correlation (P= 0.0016), as found between the IMCC and leptin (P= 0, 0209). In this study, no association was observed between excessive weight and the presence of early stage mammary carcinomas. O objetivo deste estudo foi relacionar a concentração sérica de IL-6, IGF-1, leptina e estrogênio em cadelas não castradas com ou sem excesso de peso e carcinomas mamários em estágio inicial. Quarenta e três cadelas foram divididas em quatro grupos, dois grupos sem carcinoma mamário com e sem sobrepeso e dois grupos com carcinoma mamário com e sem sobrepeso. Cadelas com excesso de peso, com ou sem carcinoma mamário, foram estatisticamente diferentes das cadelas quanto ao peso ideal, em relação ao ECC, IMCC e percentuais de gordura corporal (P< 0,0001). Houve correlação positiva entre ECC e IMCC (P

O presente trabalho reporta as características clínicas e cirúrgicas de oito casos de cadelas portadoras de leiomioma vaginal, com histórico de aumento de volume na região perineal, aparecimento de massa pela vulva, disquezia, tenesmo e disúria. As pacientes foram submetidas à cirurgia de episiotomia para ressecção da massa neoplásica, e em quatro casos foi necessária a ovariossalpingo-histerectomia. Porém, uma delas apresentou recidiva, e, no segundo procedimento cirúrgico de exérese de neoformação, o histopatológico diagnosticou leiomiossarcoma. A paciente ainda apresentou mais duas recidivas, até o proprietário optar pela eutanásia. Decorridos quatro meses, as sete cadelas diagnosticadas com leiomioma não apresentaram recidiva, e os proprietários relataram ausência de sinais relacionados com a doença descrita. Conclui-se que a episiotomia para ressecção da massa vaginal e a ovariossalpingo-histerectomia nas cadelas inteiras nos casos de tumores vaginais benignos são tratamentos satisfatórios, com bom prognóstico, ao contrário do leiomiossarcoma. This study reports the clinical and surgical procedures of eight cases of bitches with vaginal leiomyoma. All animals presented increased volume in the perineal region, and exteriorization of the vulva, dyschezia, tenesmus and dysuria. The patients underwent episiotomy surgery for resection of the neoplastic mass, and ovariosalpingohisterectomy in four cases. However, one had recurrence on the second surgical procedure for removal of neoformation, histopathological diagnosed leiomyosarcoma, the patient also had two more relapses, until the owner chose euthanasia. After four months, the seven dogs diagnosed with leiomyoma showed no recurrence and the owners reported no signs of the disease described. We concluded that episiotomy for vaginal mass resection combined with ovariohysterectomy in cases of benign vaginal tumors have shown satisfactory treatment with good prognostic.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T15:26:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-10-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2019-10-09T18:34:48Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-736X2018001001949.pdf: 836234 bytes, checksum: b5f89c23f187e225d1b4a30e3eec6399 (MD5) In view of the fact that cancer is considered a chronic disease that can interfere with hormonal homeostasis by means of cytokines, we hypothesized that, even at early stages, mammary carcinoma is able to alter the balance of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axes. To test this hypothesis, the serum concentrations of basal cortisol, thyroxine (T4), free thyroxine (fT4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were evaluated in 20 unspayed bitches that had a histopathological diagnosis of grade 1 mammary carcinoma at clinical stage I according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification (T1N0M0). The control animals comprised 10 unspayed bitches in perfect health conditions that were matched with those with mammary carcinoma by age. No significant differences regarding the concentrations of basal cortisol, TSH, t4, and fT4 were found between the bitches carrying early stage mammary carcinoma when compared to the control group. This suggests that, even if malignant, early-stage mammary carcinomas do not exhibit the ability to alter the concentrations of hormones produced by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal or hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axes. Universidade de Franca (Unifran), Avenida Dr. Armando de Sáles Oliveira 201 Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinária (FCAV) Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Campus Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane s/n Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Avenida Pará 1720 Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinária (FCAV) Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Campus Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castelane s/n

The estrus cycle of bitches is divided into four phases: proestrus, estrus, diestrus and anestrus, during which different morphological changes, and also cyclic changes of estrogen and progesterone receptors are present. Several pathological changes can be differentiated on the endometrium, but one of these is the most important - cystic endometrial hyperplasia, which frequently develops into pyometra. The aim of the present study was to describe morphological characteristics, and expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors on the endometrium of mixedbreed bitches during the different phases of the estrus cycle, cystic endometrial hyperplasia and pyometra. The uterus and ovaries of 36 mixed breed bitches in different phases of the estrus cycle and also with cystic endometrial hyperplasia (CEH) and chronic purulent endometritis - pyometra were examined macroscopically, histopathologically, and immunohistochemically for estrogen receptors (ΕR) and progesterone receptors (PR). During proestrus uterine cells showed a weak reaction for both estrogen and progesterone receptors, but during estrus a large number of uterine cells showed a strong reaction on estrogen receptors and moderate reaction on progesterone receptors. On the contrary, during diestrus the scores for the estrogen receptors decreased, while the progesterone receptors level increased - uterine cells expressed strong reaction for progesterone receptors, and moderate reaction for estrogen receptors. Uterine cells in cystic endometrial hyperplasia expressed a strong reaction for estrogen receptors, and moderate reaction for progesterone receptors, but on the other hand the uterine cells in the uterus with pyometra expressed a moderate to strong reaction for progesterone receptors, and a weak reaction for estrogen receptors. In further investigations it would be interesting to perform quantitative analysis for both estrogen and progesterone receptors during different phases of the estrus cycle and also in the uterus with cystic endometrial hyperplasia and pyometra.

Mammary tumours are the second most frequent neoplasia in dogs, mainly affecting older female patients. Approximately 50% of the mammary tumours are malignant with high percentage of mortality, if not treated in time. The aim of this study was to analyze the data of canine patients with mammary tumours, to evaluate the type of tumours, as well as the relationship between tumour incidence and dogs’ age, reproductive cycle and sterilization. The survey was used to retrieve the information in the period of two years from the patient data base of the University Veterinary Hospital at the Faculty of veterinary medicine in Skopje. Patients included in this survey were subjected to routine clinical investigation and additional laboratory tests (cytological examination, x-rays imaging, CBC and biochemical profile, histopathology of the tumor samples). Aged female patients (12 - 13 years) are the most susceptible category for development of mammary tumours. The reproductive history showed that five of the patients with malignant mammary tumours have never whelped and were not treated with any exogenous hormones. Malignant tumours (adenocarcinoma) were diagnosed in 90% of the patients. Three patients died due to lung metastasis. Late diagnosis is one of the major problems that results in lethal outcome due to lung metastases. Since ovarian steroids play an important role in the aetiology, the most effective prevention of mammary tumours is elective ovariectomy of the bitch at an early age.

Immunohistochemical expression of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) was studied in 37 canine malignant mammary tumours to define the relationship between their histopathological type and grade. In 29 (78.4%) cases, expression of uPA by neoplastic cells was more than 10% and in 34 samples (91.9%) uPA expression by stromal cells (fibroblasts) was more than 10%. The uPA was expressed in epithelial and myoepithelial cells of carcinomas and carcinosarcomas and mesenchymal population of carcinosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and carcinomas arising in benign tumours. The intensity and percentage of expression of uPA by stromal cells was associated with their histological grade (P < 0.05). However, no significant relationship was detected between uPA expression by neoplastic cells (epithelial, myoepithelial, and mesenchymal cell) and histological grade. Increased expression of uPA by tumour stroma was associated with poor prognostic factors. Stromal expression of uPA could be a prognostic indicator for canine mammary tumours.

Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:29:04Z No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-05-27T14:43:03Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-84880718758.pdf: 737760 bytes, checksum: e46db62077d9b70b46d8536576a02501 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:29:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-05-01 The aim of this study was evaluate the renal hemodynamics of bitches with pyometra by means of laboratory tests, ultrasound B mode and Doppler, before and after treatment with ovariohysterectomy (OSH). This study evaluated 30 bitches with pyometra, all were subjected to OSH (moment 1) and 20 were evaluated after 7 days (moment 2). The renal perfusion, the resistivity index (RI) of the main renal artery and the interlobar arteries (cranial, middle and caudal) were statistically different between times 1 and 2 (p

Ten mixed-breed female dogs were used in the study. Abdominal wall lifting was performed with a sterilised cotton strip. Four portal sites were used to complete gasless laparoscopic ovariohysterectomy (GLOHE) procedures. The proper and suspensor ligament, ovarian pedicle, and broad ligament of the uterus, uterine artery and vein were coagulated using bipolar electrocoagulation. After the uterine body was coagulated and cut, the end of the cervix was ligated with a loop suture. Blood samples were obtained before the surgery, immediately after the procedure, and on 1, 3, and 5 d postoperatively for the determination of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP). No significant surgical complications occurred. After gasless laparoscopic ovariohysterectomy, a significantly higher serum IL-6 level was found immediately after the surgery and 1 d postoperatively when compared with the level observed after traditional laparoscopic ovariohysterectomy (LOHE). However, no significant differences were observed in CRP level between GLOHE and LOHE. GLOHE proved to be a safe and feasible procedure in bitches.

Mammary gland tumors are the most common type of tumors in bitches but research on survival time after diagnosis is scarce. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between survival time after mastectomy and a number of clinical and morphological variables. Data was collected retrospectively on bitches with mammary tumors seen at the Small Animal Surgery Clinic Service at the University of Brasília. All subjects had undergone mastectomy. Survival analysis was conducted using Cox's proportional hazard method. Of the 139 subjects analyzed, 68 died and 71 survived until the end of the study (64 months). Mean age was 11.76 years (SD=2.71), 53.84% were small dogs. 76.92% of the tumors were malignant, and 65.73% had both thoracic and inguinal glands affected. Survival time in months was associated with age (hazard rate ratios [HRR] =1.23, p-value =1.4x10-4), animal size (HRR between giant and small animals =2.61, p-value =0.02), nodule size (HRR =1.09, p-value =0.03), histological type (HRR between solid carcinoma and carcinoma in a mixed tumor =2.40, p-value =0.02), time between diagnosis and surgery (TDS, with HRR =1.21, p-value =2.7x10-15), and the interaction TDS*follow-up time (HRR =0.98, p-value =1.6x10-11). The present study is one of the few on the subject matter. Several important covariates were evaluated and age, animal size, nodule size, histological type, TDS and TDS*follow up time were identified as significantly associated to survival time. Resumo: Os tumores da glândula mamária são o tipo mais comum de tumores em cadelas, porém, estudos sobre o tempo de sobrevida após o diagnóstico são escassos. Objetivou-se investigar a relação entre o tempo de sobrevida após a mastectomia, bem como variáveis clínicas e populacionais. Coletaram-se dados retrospectivos referentes a cadelas com tumores mamários atendidos no Serviço de Clínica Cirúrgica de Pequenos Animais da Universidade de Brasília e submetidas à mastectomia. A análise de sobrevida foi realizada mediante o método de Cox de risco proporcional. Dos 139 animais incluídos neste estudo, 68 morreram e 71 sobreviveram até ao final da conclusão deste traballho (64 meses). A média de idade foi de 11,76 anos (DP=2,71), 53,84% dos cães eram pequenos. Dentre os tumores, 76,92% eram malignos, e 65,73% tiveram as duas glândulas torácicas e a inguinal afetadas. O tempo de sobrevida em meses foi associado à idade (taxa de razão de risco [HRR] =1,23, p valor =1.4x10-4), o tamanho do animal (HRR entre animais gigantes e pequenos = 2,61, p=0,02), tamanho do nódulo (HRR=1,09, p valor =0,03), tipo histológico (HRR entre carcinoma sólido e carcinomas em tumor misto =2,40, p=0,02), tempo decorrido entre o diagnóstico e a cirurgia (TDC, com HRR =1,21, p valor =2,7 x10-15), e a interação TDC*tempo de seguimento (HRR = 0,98, p valor = 1.6x10-11). O presente estudo é um dos poucos sobre o assunto. Várias covariáveis importantes foram avaliadas e idade, tamanho do animal, o tamanho do nódulo, tipo histológico, TDC e TDC*tempo de seguimento foram identificados como significativamente associado ao tempo de sobrevida.

Twenty bitches with acute endometritis-pyometra complex (EPC) and 20 clinically healthy bitches were examined. The following coagulation parameters were determined in haemostatic evaluations: prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), thrombin time (TT), fibrinogen concentrations (FBG), D-dimer concentrations (D-D), antithrombin activity (AT), and blood platelet counts (PLT). Morphological and biochemical blood parameters were also analysed. Examinations of animals affected by EPC revealed blood coagulation and fibrinolytic disorders, and the noted results (PT 13.7 ±1.06 s, aPTT 23.4 ±1.04 s, TT 15.6 ±0.68 s, FBG 2.2 g/L, D-D 785.4 ±103.05 μg/L, AT 111.1 ±13.51%, PLT 169.30 ±126.31 103/μL) point to a high risk of disseminated intravascular coagulation. The findings indicate that the coagulation parameters of bitches affected by EPC should be analysed before treatment as the noted disorder can significantly complicate therapy and ovariohysterectomy, and endanger the patients' life.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of intrathecal (IT) ketamine HCl anesthesia on clinical values and some haemodynamic and biochemical parameters in bitches. An IT ketamine (10 mg/kg) was administered to 30 bitches with a spinal needle (18-22 G) in the lumbosacral space. The haemodynamic parameters were monitored and some biochemical values were assessed (blood gase, oxygen-haemoglobin, and electrolyte levels). The length and depth of anaesthesia was determined with a pinprick test, touching to the ligamenta lata uteri and incision. Anaesthesia took effect in less than 1 min in all dogs and has lasted an average of 95.9 min. In spite of the fact that the dogs recovered completely from the effects of dissociative anaesthesia, the anaesthesia in the some extremities was observed to be continued for an average of 17 min longer. The use of IT ketamine HCl raised blood pressure and did not have a depressive effect on respiratory and cardiac functions. It was concluded that ketamine HCl could be an appropriate alternative for ovariohysterectomy operations in bitches when the quality of the anaesthesia and the prevention of bradycardia and hypotension are considered.

Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is produced enzymatically in humans and animals from kynurenine. Reports concerning changes of kynurenine metabolism during inflammation are available in the literature. Pyometra is a pathological condition characterized by the accumulation of pus in the uterine lumen and bacterial infection. The objective of the study was to compare the serum and endometrial KYNA concentrations in healthy bitches and those with pyometra. KYNA was determined by means of high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorometric detection. The serum content of KYNA in bitches with pyometra was significantly higher than in healthy bitches. The KYNA content in the endometrium of bitches with pyometra was higher, yet the difference was not statistically significant. Our result indicates that determination of KYNA might be a marker of pyometra in bitches.

The aim of this study was to determine the therapeutic success of the medical treatment of pyometra with the antigestagen aglepristone and to document the recurrence rate in relation to the time interval after treatment with antigestagens in cats. Ten cats, 2–13 years of age and nulliparous were used in the study. The cats were treated with aglepristone at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight subcutaneously on days 1, 2, 7 and 14 (if not cured). In addition, trimethoprim/sulphadoxine was also administered at a dose of 15 mg/kg body weight subcutaneously once a day for 7 days. Nine out of the 10 cats responded well to treatment. No recurrence was observed in a follow-up period of 2 years. No side effects were observed. The data suggest that aglepristone treatment is a promising approach for the medical treatment of pyometra in cats.

Background Pyometra is a serious bacterial infection of the uterus affecting female dogs and manifests as an accumulation of pus in the uterine lumen. The aim of the study was to assess changes in serum interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 concentrations in bitches with pyometra undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Findings Blood samples were collected from healthy bitches (controls) and bitches with pyometra before surgery, and 3 and 10 days after ovariohysterectomy. Before surgery, bitches with pyometra had significantly higher serum concentrations of IL-6 and IL-10 than the controls. After surgery, the serum concentration of IL-6 and IL-10 decreased significantly. In healthy dogs, the concentration of IL-6 and IL-10 showed a significant increase 3 days after surgery followed by a decrease on day 10. Conclusion An increase in serum concentrations of IL-6 and IL-10 was present before surgery in bitches with pyometra and 3 days after ovariohysterectomy in healthy controls. Concentrations decreased after ovariohysterectomy and/or proper healing, suggesting that these cytokines can be useful for assessment of the postoperative period in bitches.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the parameters of intraoperative and postoperative pain in bitches undergoing laparoscopic or conventional ovariectomy. The study was conducted on 20 healthy, adult bitches of medium and large breeds. All the bitches were subjected to the same anesthetic protocol. Carprofen was applied preoperatively, and general anaesthesia was carried out with a combination of medetomidine, propofol and sevoflurane. The bitches were divided into two groups of 10 individuals each. The first group underwent conventional ovariectomy while the second one was subjected to the laparoscopic procedure. The intensity of intraoperative pain was estimated at different time points by measuring changes in heart and respiratory rate, arterial blood pressure, and body temperature. A multifactor pain scale was used to assess the intensity of postoperative pain. Dogs in the group which was scheduled for conventional ovariectomy (COV group) responded to painful intra-operative stimuli with increased heart rate and respiratory rate. Arterial blood pressure and body temperature decrease was detected in COV group. Laparoscopic ovariectomy induced less intra- and postoperative pain when compared to conventional ovariectomy. Beside that, the total anaesthesia time and postoperative recovery were shorter in dogs that underwent laparascopic ovariectomy.

During caesarean section of bitches a beginning tissue necrosis of the uterus is often encounted. These alterations mostly require ovariohysterectomy that means the end of breeding life. The aim of this study was to create a model for unilateral hysterectomy during dystocia and to evaluate subsequent fertility. Unilateral cornuectomy was performed in 18 clinically healthy bitches of different ages, breeds, and at different stages of the sexual cyclus. Four bitches were not available for follow-up examinations. Twelve bitches were mated at the first obvious estrus period postoperatively and 10 pregnancies were diagnosed. Nine bitches delivered one to five puppies (mean 3.8) after a gestation period of 63–67 days. The puppies ( n =38) were in a very good condition and showed high vitality. Unilateral cornuectomy of the uterus had no adverse effects and postoperative mating revealed pregnancy without complications and normal parturition. In the case of pathological changes in one uterine horn during a caesarean section unilateral hysterectomy seems to be an alternative to ovariohysterectomy.

Utero-ovarian torsion in a bitch and subsequentfertility after unilateral ovariohysterectomy

A 4-year old, primiparous, female Anatolian Shepherd dog was presented for evaluation of type II vaginal prolapse with alopecia of the left perineal skin. Hematological analyses demonstrated leukocytosis and thrombocytopenia. Estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) levels were 156 pg/mL and 2.3 ng/mL, respectively. The vaginal smear was predominantly (at least 80%) made up of anuclear superficial cells. An abdominal ultrasonography revealed a heterogeneous multicystic mass with anechoic areas adjacent to the caudal pole of the left kidney. An ovariohysterectomy was performed. Ten days after the surgery, the prolapsed vagina was completely regressed. A histopathological examination of the ovarian mass demonstrated that it was a granulosa cell tumor. Kangal ırkı 4 yaşlı, daha önce bir doğum yapmış dişi bir köpek sol perineal bölgede alopesi ile birlikte prolapsus vajina tip II şikayetleri ile Doğum kliniğine getirildi. Kan muayenesinde lökositosis ve trombositopeni tespit edildi. Östradiol (E2) ve progesteron (P4) seviyeleri sırasıyla 156 pg/mL ve 2.3 ng/mL idi. Vajinal smearda anükleer süperfi siyel hücreler (en az % 80) baskın hücre topluluğunu oluşturduğu dikkati, çekti. Ultrasonografi de sol böbreğin kaudaline yakın anekoik alanlar içeren heterojen multikistik bir kitle gözlendi. Overiohisterektomi sonrası operasyondan 10 gün sonra prolapsus vajinanın tamamen gerilediği görüldü. Ovaryumun histopatolojik muayenesinde granulosa hücre tümörü teşhis edildi.

Kucukaslan, Ibrahim/0000-0002-3458-4409; WOS: 000336471100018 PubMed: 24703776 This study was designed to assess endocrine changes associated with termination of midterm pregnancy after use of two different protocols. For this purpose we compared the effects of aglepristone (AGL) alone and in combination with cloprostenol (CLO) on serum concentrations of progesterone (P-4), estradiol (E-2) and relaxin (RLN) measured at shortterm intervals during the abortion period in bitches. Fourteen pregnant bitches between day 25 and 32 of gestation were used in the study. In the AGL group (n = 7), aglepristone was administered solely (10 mg/kg body weight (BW), subcutaneously, once daily on two consecutive days) whereas in the AGL-CLO group (n = 7), aglepristone (dosage as in AGL group) and cloprostenol (1 mu g/kg BW, subcutaneously, same with aglepristone) were combined. All pregnancies were successfully terminated 5.2 1.6 days after initiation of treatments, which was significant in both groups (P> 0.05). At the time of the start of abortion (SA) and the end of abortion (EA), the mean P4 concentrations were 26.6 7.3 and 12.0 6.4 ng/ml in AGL group, and 2.7 0.7 and 0.9 0.1 ng/ml, in AGL-CLO group, respectively (P< 0.01). Serum E-2 concentrations were significantly higher (P< 0.05) in AGL group at 42, 48, 54 hand SA after initiation of treatment. In the AGL-CLO group, serum RLN concentrations did not significantly change from the initiation of treatment to EA (P> 0.05). However, markedly higher RLN concentrations (P< 0.05) were observed in the AGL group at 48 h (1.5 0.7 ng/ml) and at SA (1.6 0.5 ng/ml). The results of the present study indicate that changes in the hormonal concentrations affect the mechanism of abortion in different ways. Further in depth studies investigating changes in the expression of hormone receptors inside the ovary, endometrium and placenta might be helpful to our understanding of the endocrinological differences observed in this study. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Dystocia may occur in all dog breeds, but the English bulldog is predisposed because of its conformation and specific problems such as anasarca pups. In this study, the frequency of abnormal pups and breeding problems in English bulldogs was investigated by a questionnaire containing information on 39 bitches in total. In 74.4% of these bitches, artificial insemination was performed. At the end of gestation, 25.8% of the bitches suffered from respiratory problems and partial anorexia. The average duration of gestation was 58.7 days counted from the first day of mating. Caesarean section was performed in 94.8% of the cases, with natural delivery in only 5.2% of the bitches. In this study, the average litter size was six pups. Thirteen percent of the pups were stillborn, 8.2% of the pups alive were deformed, with palatoschisis (38.8%) and anasarca (27.7%) being the most commonly observed abnormalities. Ten percent of the pups died before the age of weaning.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:59:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0103-84781995000200013.pdf: 2340054 bytes, checksum: 0b091f7b3ab1c2cd00f357f5d881d906 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:59:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0103-84781995000200013.pdf: 2340054 bytes, checksum: 0b091f7b3ab1c2cd00f357f5d881d906 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1995-01-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:55:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0103-84781995000200013.pdf: 2340054 bytes, checksum: 0b091f7b3ab1c2cd00f357f5d881d906 (MD5) S0103-84781995000200013.pdf.txt: 4 bytes, checksum: ff4c8ff01d544500ea4bfea43e6108c1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1995-01-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:14:30Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0103-84781995000200013.pdf: 2340054 bytes, checksum: 0b091f7b3ab1c2cd00f357f5d881d906 (MD5) S0103-84781995000200013.pdf.txt: 4 bytes, checksum: ff4c8ff01d544500ea4bfea43e6108c1 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:14:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0103-84781995000200013.pdf: 2340054 bytes, checksum: 0b091f7b3ab1c2cd00f357f5d881d906 (MD5) S0103-84781995000200013.pdf.txt: 4 bytes, checksum: ff4c8ff01d544500ea4bfea43e6108c1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1995-01-01 Uma técnica empregando fluoresceína sódica 5% e luz ultravioleta foi desenvolvida para a identificação dos trajetos dos vasos linfáticos superficiais das glândulas mamárias em dez cadelas. A fluoresceína foi injetada por via intradérmica ao redor da base de cada mamilo e cada mama foi observada após 5, 15, 30 e 60 minutos. em cada animal, primeiramente, foram avaliadas as mamas torácica cranial, abdominal cranial e inguinal das cadeias direita e esquerda e 48 horas após as mamas torácica caudal e abdominal caudal das cadeias direita e esquerda. de um total de 97 mamas injetadas, em 8 a fluoresceína não foi captada pelos linfáticos. O tempo de 30 minutos foi o mais adequado para a visualização total dos trajetos. Mostrou ser um método simples, rápido e inócuo de verificação in vivo de vasos linfáticos. The superficial lymphatic vessels of mammary glands were studied in ten bitches using 5% sodium fluorescein and ultraviolet light. Fluorescein was injected intradermally around each nipple basis and each mammary gland was observed after 5, 15, 30 and 60 minutes. In each animal, it was evaluated the cranial thoracic, cranial abdominal and inguinal mammary glands of the rigth and left chains, and after 48 hours the caudal thoracic and caudal abdominal mammary glands of the rigth and left chains. Fluorescein was not captured by the lymphatics in 8 of the 97 mammary glands injected. The best visualization of the trajectories was at 30 minutes after fluorescein injection. This is a simple, rapid and innocuous method for in vivo examination of the lymphatic vessels. Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Departamento de Cirurgia Veterinária e Reprodução Animal Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Medicina Departamento de Cirurgia Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Medicina Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Departamento de Cirurgia Veterinária e Reprodução Animal Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Medicina Departamento de Cirurgia Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Medicina

Canine herpesvirus-1 (CHV-1) is the agent of reproductive and respiratory disorders in adult dogs, and the infection generally results in haemorrhagic disease conditions and neonatal death. In this study, virus neutralisation test that used complement (VNT) as well as in-house ELISA were utilised to investigate the CHV-1 seroprevalence in the Turkish dog population. Among the 560 serum samples, 39.3% of the samples tested by ELISA were CHV-1 positive while 29.4% of the samples tested by VNT were CHV-1 positive. Compared to the individual dogs (39.0%), there was a higher CHV-1 seroprevalence (62.1%) found in the colony dogs (62.1%) ( p = 0.0002). However, there was an insignificant difference between male and female dogs. Although the highest antibody prevalence (56.7%) was found in Golden Retrievers, there were no significant variations detected among the dog breeds used in this study. Neutralizing antibody titres were very low (⩽1:16) in a high portion of the tested animals, confirming the rapid decrease of CHV-1 antibodies after the course of infection. The results of this study show that CHV-1 seroprevalence is moderately high in the Turkish dog population.

Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-27T14:53:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000307002000036.pdf: 1751770 bytes, checksum: ad40a0c1551fc5c284b84cfa6bfb347e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-01-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T17:55:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000307002000036.pdf: 1751770 bytes, checksum: ad40a0c1551fc5c284b84cfa6bfb347e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-01-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:15:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000307002000036.pdf: 1751770 bytes, checksum: ad40a0c1551fc5c284b84cfa6bfb347e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:15:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000307002000036.pdf: 1751770 bytes, checksum: ad40a0c1551fc5c284b84cfa6bfb347e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-01-01 The ovarian remnant syndrome (ORS) is an iatrogenic disorder in bitches and queens, which is characterized by recurrence of estrus following surgical spay, due to the presence of a piece of ovarian tissue within the abdominal cavity. In most cases, the remnant ovary is found in the right ovarian pedicle, due to its topographic position, deeper and more cranial than the left ovary. The main clinical signs of ORS in small animals are the heat behavior and the presence of vaginal swelling/secretion, especially in canines. The diagnosis should be performed by means of vaginal cytology when attraction of males is detected, serum estrogen and progesterone levels and/or by challenging test with GnRH or hCG administration. However, vaginal citology is the most suitable and less expensive diagnostic tool. Nowadays the treatment of choice is a new laparotomy or laparoscopy, followed by removal of the remnant ovarian tissue. The surgical treatment has more chances of success if it is performed in the diestrus (i.e., between 15 and 60 days after the detection of attraction of males). Furthermore, a careful and accurate surgical procedure aided by advanced visualization techniques during ovariohysterectomy or ovariectomy is the best way to prevent ORS in companion animals. Univ Estadual Paulista, FCAV UNESP, Fac Ciencias Agr & Vet, Programa Posgrad Med Vet, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil FCAV UNESP, Programa Posgrad Cirurgia Vet, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), CCR UFSM, Ctr Ciencias Rurais, BR-97119900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil Univ Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain FCAV UNESP, Dept Med Vet Prevent & Reprod Anim, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, FCAV UNESP, Fac Ciencias Agr & Vet, Programa Posgrad Med Vet, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil FCAV UNESP, Programa Posgrad Cirurgia Vet, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil FCAV UNESP, Dept Med Vet Prevent & Reprod Anim, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:50:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-736X2009001000012.pdf: 585867 bytes, checksum: e104aad58dc42822d6b3ef9bd07c7a8d (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:50:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-736X2009001000012.pdf: 585867 bytes, checksum: e104aad58dc42822d6b3ef9bd07c7a8d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:41:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-736X2009001000012.pdf: 585867 bytes, checksum: e104aad58dc42822d6b3ef9bd07c7a8d (MD5) S0100-736X2009001000012.pdf.txt: 21245 bytes, checksum: d1b4afa5830c806225afe8c34f8a1488 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:42:39Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-736X2009001000012.pdf: 585867 bytes, checksum: e104aad58dc42822d6b3ef9bd07c7a8d (MD5) S0100-736X2009001000012.pdf.txt: 21245 bytes, checksum: d1b4afa5830c806225afe8c34f8a1488 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:42:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-736X2009001000012.pdf: 585867 bytes, checksum: e104aad58dc42822d6b3ef9bd07c7a8d (MD5) S0100-736X2009001000012.pdf.txt: 21245 bytes, checksum: d1b4afa5830c806225afe8c34f8a1488 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-01 Dados histológicos e morfométricos foram obtidos de útero de cadelas nulíparas (n=6), multíparas (n=6) e de cadelas tratadas com contraceptivo (n=6). Para esse fim foram usadas seis amostras de cornos uterinos, em corte médio, para cada grupo. As mensurações das espessuras da parede uterina, endométrio total, miométrio total, miométrio interno, miométrio externo, estrato vascular e diâmetro das glândulas endometriais normais não foram estatisticamente significantes entre as cadelas multíparas e tratadas, com exceção para a altura do epitélio de glândulas normais. As mensurações das espessuras da parede uterina, endométrio total, miométrio total, miométrio interno, diâmetro das glândulas normais e altura do epitélio glandular foram significantes, comparando cadelas nulíparas com as multíparas e/ou tratadas, com exceção para as espessuras do miométrio externo e estrato vascular. Diante dos resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que os dados numéricos confirmam que (1) o uso de anticoncepcionais e sucessivas gestações afetam a estrutura uterina em seu total; (2) o miométrio externo e estrato vascular foram as regiões que menos sofreram alterações comparando-se os 3 grupos; (3) as variações morfológicas ocorreram com a mesma intensidade no endométrio e miométrio totais para as cadelas tratadas e multíparas, e (4) a presença de glândulas endometriais dilatadas foi o diferencial encontrado nas cadelas tratadas, pois as mesmas estavam ausentes nas multíparas e nulíparas. Histological and morphometric data were obtained from uterus of nulliparous bitches (n=6), multiparous ones (n=6), and bitches treated with contraceptive (n=6). Six samples of uterine horns, cut in average for each group. Measurements of the thickness of the uterine wall, total endometrium, total myometrium, internal myometrium, external myometrium, vascular layer and diameter of normal endometrial glands were not statistically significant between the treated and multiparous bitches, except for the height of the epithelium of normal glands. Measurements of thickness of the uterine wall, total endometrium, total myometrium, myometrium internal diameter and height of the glands of normal glandular epithelium were significant, comparing nulliparous with multiparous bitches and/or treated, except for thickness of the myometrium and vascular outer layer. It can be concluded that (1) the use of contraceptives and successive pregnancies affected uterine structures in its full, (2) the vascular layer and external myometrium were the regions with less variation, (3) morphological changes occurred with the same intensity in the total endometrium and myometrium of treated and multiparous bitches; and (4) the presence of dilated endometrial glands was the difference found in the treated bitches, because they were absent in nulliparous and multiparous ones. Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Odontologia Departamento de Apoio Unesp-Araçatuba Faculdade de Odontologia Departamento de Clínica Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Odontologia Departamento de Apoio Unesp-Araçatuba Faculdade de Odontologia Departamento de Clínica

This is the first report of successful induction of normal estrus and ovulation in breeder bitches with as a low dose as 0.6 mu g/kg/day of cabergoline formulation marketed for use in women. Sixty-one pure breed bitches from various breeds were used in the study at their already determined periods of anestrus. Twenty-four dogs formed the control group, while 37 bitches were administered with two different doses of cabergoline (recommended dose group, n = 10, 5 mu g/kg/day and low dose group, n = 27, 0.6 mu g/kg/day). Induced estrus rates and mean treatment and proestrus durations of dogs in these two dose groups were compared. At the second phase of the study, the effects of 500 IU human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administered on days 1 and 3 of estrus induced by the low dose of cabergoline, on the duration of behavioral estrus, ovulation rates, pregnancy rates and the number of offspring were investigated. For this purpose, the dogs with signs of proestrus (22/27) following the treatment in the low dose group were assigned into two subgroups. Five hundred IU of hCG (Pregnyl, Organon, Turkey) was intramuscularly administered to eight of these dogs [low dose (hCG+) group] on days 1between days 8-45 and 4-48 (mean: 23.63 +/- 14.33 and 24.41 +/- 14.31 days), in the ratio of 80.0 and 81.5%, respectively (p > 0.05). In both dose groups, post-treatment interestrous intervals were significantly shorter than both those of the control group and their own pre-treatment interestrous intervals (p < 0.05). Ovulation rates, pregnancy rates and mean number of offspring delivered by the dogs in the recommended dose, low dose (hCG-), low dose (hCG+) and control groups were found to be similar (p > 0.05). However, the mean duration of behavioral estrus of the dogs in the low dose (hCG+) group was found to be significantly longer compared to dogs in all other groups (p < 0.05). In both dose groups, no correlation could be found between the anestrus stages and treatment durations (p > 0.05). Shortly, it has been concluded from the study that (1) normal and fertile estrus can be induced more economically in bitches during different stages of anestrus using as a low dose of 0.6 mu g/kg of cabergoline formulation marketed for use in women, and that (2) hCG injections on days 1 and 3 of the estrus induced by this method has no positive effects on the ovulation rates, pregnancy rates and the number of offspring per pregnancy. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. and 3 of estrus. The remaining 14 dogs were not treated with hCG [low dose (hCG-) group]. An aqueous solution of cabergoline (Dostinex, Pharmacia, Italy) was orally administered until 2 day after the onset of proestrus or for a maximum of 42 days. Blood samples were taken daily from all treatment and 11 control bitches during the first five days of behavioral estrus to measure progesterone concentrations. In the recommended dose and low dose groups, estrus was induced.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:59:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0103-84782006000300020.pdf: 56883 bytes, checksum: 732612eac3494dab6126fa8a25b8010b (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:59:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0103-84782006000300020.pdf: 56883 bytes, checksum: 732612eac3494dab6126fa8a25b8010b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-06-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:56:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0103-84782006000300020.pdf: 56883 bytes, checksum: 732612eac3494dab6126fa8a25b8010b (MD5) S0103-84782006000300020.pdf.txt: 30109 bytes, checksum: 7e99ab2db4eb9132f7f7685bd340090d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-06-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:42:50Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0103-84782006000300020.pdf: 56883 bytes, checksum: 732612eac3494dab6126fa8a25b8010b (MD5) S0103-84782006000300020.pdf.txt: 30109 bytes, checksum: 7e99ab2db4eb9132f7f7685bd340090d (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:42:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0103-84782006000300020.pdf: 56883 bytes, checksum: 732612eac3494dab6126fa8a25b8010b (MD5) S0103-84782006000300020.pdf.txt: 30109 bytes, checksum: 7e99ab2db4eb9132f7f7685bd340090d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-06-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Com este experimento, objetivou-se avaliar como a anestesia geral inalatória, com o sevofluorano, interfere nos parâmetros fisiológicos de cadelas gestantes. Nove cadelas sem raça definida, adultas, com idade média de três anos, foram submetidas ao mesmo procedimento anestésico em dois períodos distintos, sendo o primeiro na condição não gestante e o segundo aos 45 dias de gestação. Todas receberam acepromazina (0,05mg kg-1) pela via intravenosa como medicação pré-anestésica, propofol (5mg kg-1) pela mesma via e sevofluorano diluído em oxigênio. As variáveis estudadas foram freqüência cardíaca e respiratória, pressão arterial sistólica, média e diastólica, temperatura retal, pressão parcial de CO2 ao final da expiração, saturação de oxigênio nas hemoglobinas, pH sangüíneo, pressão parcial arterial de oxigênio, pressão parcial arterial de CO2, bicarbonato e excesso de base. Os parâmetros foram avaliados antes da medicação pré-anestésica (M0) e 15 minutos após (M1), 15 minutos após a estabilização da anestesia inalatória (M2) e, depois, a cada 15 minutos durante 60 minutos (M3, M4, M5 e M6), com exceção das variáveis hemogasométricas que foram avaliadas em M0, M2 e M6. A análise estatística foi realizada com Análise de Variância e teste de Tukey, sendo considerado o nível de significância de 5%. A freqüência cardíaca elevou-se na paciente gestante no momento basal e 15 minutos após a medicação pré-anestésica, sendo observado ainda diminuição da pressão arterial e da temperatura retal nas gestantes. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que o protocolo anestésico não alterou as variáveis mensuradas neste experimento, podendo ser utilizado com segurança para as cadelas, se houver a necessidade de intervenção cirúrgica e/ou anestésica aos 45 dias de sua gestação. The aim of this work was to evaluate how inhalation anesthesia with sevoflurane alters physiological parameters of pregnant bitches. Nine mixed breed bitches with mean age of 3 year-old were submitted to the same anesthetic procedure in two different moments: the first one envolving non-pregnant bitches and the second one 45 day pregnant bitches. All bitches received acepromazine (0,05mg kg-1) intravenously as premedication, propofol (5mg kg-1) by the same way and sevoflurane diluted in oxygen. The variables measured were: heart rate and respiratory rate, systolic, mean and diastolic blood pressure, rectal temperature, end-tidal carbon dioxide pressure, oxyhemoglobin saturation, pH, oxygen tension, carbon dioxide tension, bicarbonate and base excess. The parameters were evaluated before (M0) and 15 minutes after tranquilization (M1), 15 minutes after parameters stabilization of inhalation anesthesia (M2) and every 15 minutes during 60 minutes (M3, M4, M5, M6), except pH and blood gas values which were measured before tranquilization (M0), 15 minutes after parameters stabilization (M2) and at 60 minutes of anesthesia (M6). The heart rate increased in the pregnant bitch before and 15 minutes after tranquilization and there was blood pressure and rectal temperature decrease. The statistical evaluation used were Analysis of Variance and Tukey s test (P

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:59:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0103-84782004000200021.pdf: 111020 bytes, checksum: 2dcff01d83bb36636b60859698d90850 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:59:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0103-84782004000200021.pdf: 111020 bytes, checksum: 2dcff01d83bb36636b60859698d90850 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-04-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:56:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0103-84782004000200021.pdf: 111020 bytes, checksum: 2dcff01d83bb36636b60859698d90850 (MD5) S0103-84782004000200021.pdf.txt: 29156 bytes, checksum: f0d8efa7b6a7df47fe5c886bb416126d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-04-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:15:15Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0103-84782004000200021.pdf: 111020 bytes, checksum: 2dcff01d83bb36636b60859698d90850 (MD5) S0103-84782004000200021.pdf.txt: 29156 bytes, checksum: f0d8efa7b6a7df47fe5c886bb416126d (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:15:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0103-84782004000200021.pdf: 111020 bytes, checksum: 2dcff01d83bb36636b60859698d90850 (MD5) S0103-84782004000200021.pdf.txt: 29156 bytes, checksum: f0d8efa7b6a7df47fe5c886bb416126d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-04-01 Neste estudo, foram utilizadas 7 cadelas sem raça definida, adultas e hígidas, copuladas com macho hígido, após exame andrológico, para acompanhamento das variações hormonais de progesterona, 17b-estradiol e cortisol a partir do final do próestro, durante o estro e diestro gestacional em fêmeas da espécie canina. As avaliações séricas do cortisol foram iniciadas no período de estro. A citologia vaginal esfoliativa foi utilizada como parâmetro auxiliar para a determinação das fases do ciclo estral, mais especificamente para análise do melhor momento para cópula, através da presença das células superficiais queratinizadas visibilizadas nas lâminas. Os resultados obtidos mostraram concentrações médias de progesterona elevando-se discretamente no final do próestro (de 1,56 para 2,85ng ml-1), concomitante com o início do declínio dos valores de estradiol no mesmo período (de 20,93 para 18,81pg ml-1). Durante a gestação pôde-se observar concentrações elevadas de progesterona (36,90ng ml-1), havendo declínio apenas no terço final (4,10ng ml-1), quando também pôde ser notada, por um momento, ligeira elevação das concentrações médias de 17b-estradiol (2,46pg ml-1). O aumento do cortisol sérico foi notado na última semana da gestação havendo, antes disso, alterações significativas (P

Insulin resistance (IR) in dogs is suspected when hyperglycemia is present despite administration of insulin doses greater than 1.0 to 1.5 UI/kg. IR is caused by increases in counter regulatory hormones concentrations (glucagon, glucocorticoids, catecholamines and growth hormone). This study was conducted to investigate the use of aglepristone (RU 46534), a P4 receptor antagonist, for the treatment of IR diabetes mellitus in bitches during the luteal phase. All animals were treated with porcine insulin zinc suspension (Caninsulin) and aglepristone (Alizin) 10 mg/kg subcutaneously at day 1, 2, 9 and 17 from diagnosis. At day 5, no significant variation in glycemia was shown. At day 12 and 20, serum glucose concentrations were significant lower (p < 0.05). From day 12 the insulin dose was reduced to 0.8 IU BID. Insulin was reduced in the following weeks and glycemia was controlled.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:59:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0103-84782000000400030.pdf: 53922 bytes, checksum: 10ef89da2b1caa173a84336646eba81a (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:59:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0103-84782000000400030.pdf: 53922 bytes, checksum: 10ef89da2b1caa173a84336646eba81a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000-08-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:55:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0103-84782000000400030.pdf: 53922 bytes, checksum: 10ef89da2b1caa173a84336646eba81a (MD5) S0103-84782000000400030.pdf.txt: 23398 bytes, checksum: 72a02d641d2dcb871232c2098e0c28fb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000-08-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:14:34Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0103-84782000000400030.pdf: 53922 bytes, checksum: 10ef89da2b1caa173a84336646eba81a (MD5) S0103-84782000000400030.pdf.txt: 23398 bytes, checksum: 72a02d641d2dcb871232c2098e0c28fb (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:14:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0103-84782000000400030.pdf: 53922 bytes, checksum: 10ef89da2b1caa173a84336646eba81a (MD5) S0103-84782000000400030.pdf.txt: 23398 bytes, checksum: 72a02d641d2dcb871232c2098e0c28fb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000-08-01 As neoplasias mamarias constituem aproximadamente 50% dos tumores diagnosticados em cadelas. Apesar dosharmónios sexuais femininos desempenharem papel fundamental no desenvolvimento desses tumores em mamíferos, o valor da supressão hormonal pela ovário-histerectomia como auxiliar no tratamento do tumor de mama em caninos permanece controverso. Discute-se ainda se a realização da ovário-histerectomia após o diagnóstico influencia ou não o crescimento e progressão do tumor na glândula afetada ou em outras glândulas mamarias. O objetivo desta revisão é discutir alguns aspectos relacionados à influência hormonal na etiologia de tumores mamarias em cadelas, assim como o valor terapêutico da castração, quando realizada no momento da mastectomia. The mammary neoplasms comprises aproximatel 50% ofthe diagnosed tumor s m the bitch. Although female sexual honnones play a fundamental role in the development of these tumors in mammals, the value of the suppression hormonal (ovariohysterectomy) as an adjuvam treatment remains controversial. There are still arguments on whether the ovariohysterectomy after diagnosis of the tumor possesses influences lhe growth and progression of the tumor on the affected gland or on other mammary glands. The objective ofthis review is to discuss some aspects related to the hormonal influence in the pathogenesis of the canine tumor, as well as the therapeutic value ofspaying. when accomplished in the moment ofthe mastectomy. Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias

Analisou-se a problemática da escolha de um método confiável e seguro para a interrupção eletiva da gestação em cadelas, prática comum em clínica de pequenos animais para a prevenção do nascimento de ninhadas indesejadas e fator importante não só na solução de problemas pessoais de proprietários, mas também no controle populacional da espécie. Foram abordados os aspectos favoráveis e contra-indicações da interrupção cirúrgica e medicamentosa da prenhez. A interrupção cirúrgica é considerada a melhor escolha para animais que não se pretenda utilizar para reprodução. A utilização de estrógenos, do citrato de tamoxifena e agentes embriotóxicos não-hormonais é restringida pelos seus graves efeitos colaterais. A epostana necessita maiores estudos para confirmar sua eficiência. Apesar de possível, o uso dos análogos de GnRH esbarra em limitações de fornecimento e custo, assim como o controle imunológico da gestação, na especificidade dos agentes utilizados e possíveis efeitos colaterais, enquanto o uso de glicocorticóides, na duração do tratamento e efeitos secundários inerentes aos corticosteróides. Mifepristona e aglepristona, indisponíveis no mercado, têm sido apontadas como drogas de futuro promissor em face de sua eficácia, segurança e utilização em qualquer fase da gestação. Apesar dos seus previsíveis efeitos colaterais e da necessidade de hospitalização dos animais tratados, as prostaglandinas são cada vez mais utilizadas como drogas abortivas. Dentre os agonistas de dopamina, a cabergolina mostra os melhores resultados, principalmente quando associada ao análogo da prostaglandina cloprostenol, podendo ser utilizada assim que o diagnóstico de gestação seja possível, com eficiência de 100% e poucos efeitos colaterais. The problem of the choice of a reliable and safe method of elective interruption of pregnancy in bitches was analysed. The methods are common in the small animal practice in preventing the birth of unwanted litters and are considered an important factor not only for the solution of owners personal problems, but also for this species population control. The favorable aspects and the counter indications of surgical and medicamental interruption of pregnancy were discussed. The surgical interruption is considered as the best choice for animals not intended to be utilized for reproduction. The serious side effects restricted the use of estrogens, tamoxifen citrate and non- hormonal embryotoxic agents. Epostane needs more studies to confirm its efficiency. Although possible, the utilization of analogues of GnRH still has supplying and cost limitations. The specificity of the used agents and their possible side effects limit immunological control of pregnancy. The use of glucocorticoids is limited through the length of the treatment and side effects. Mifepristone and aglepristone, commercially unavailable products, have been indicated as promising drugs in the future due to their efficiency, security and utilization during all stages of pregnancy. Despite the previsible side effects and the necessity of hospitalization for the treated animals, prostaglandins are more and more utilized as abortive drugs. Throughout dopamine agonists, cabergoline presents the best results, especially when associated with the analog of the prostaglandin cloprostenol. It can be used as soon as the diagnosis of pregnancy is possible, with 100% of efficiency and little side effects.

RESUMO: Linfonodo axilar como sentinela de neoplasia mamária em cadelas. O estudo dos tumores de mama em cadelas é de grande importância devido à alta frequência com que surgem na clínica de pequenos animais. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a importância do linfonodo axilar como sentinela em neoplasias mamárias de cadelas. Foram avaliadas 49 fêmeas com neoplasia mamária, submetidas à mastectomia unilateral total, utilizando o corante azul patente para a identificação do linfonodo axilar, o qual foi submetido à análise histopatológica com a coloração de hematoxilina-eosina e imuno-histoquímica (IHQ) com anticorpo citoqueratina (AE1/AE3) para procura de metástase. Oito cadelas apresentaram metástases em linfonodo axilar, sendo sete detectadas por histopatologia e por IHQ e uma somente pela IHQ (micrometástase). Uma paciente que apresentava tumor em mamas abdominal caudal e inguinal tinha metástase no linfonodo axilar e inguinal. Assim, observa-se que o tumor pode causar alteração na drenagem linfática provocando metástase em linfonodos que normalmente não drenam determinadas mamas, por isso a retirada do linfonodo axilar deve ser incluída como técnica de rotina para permitir melhor estadiamento das neoplasias mamárias de cadelas. ABSTRACT: Mammary tumors research in bitches is important due to their high incidence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the importance of the axillary lymph node as a sentinel lymph node for mammary neoplasms in female dogs. Forty-nine bitches with mammary neoplasia were submitted to total unilateral mastectomy, and the axillary lymph node was identified using the patent blue dye. This lymph node was processed routinely for histopathological analysis and stained with hematoxylin-eosin and by immunohistochemistry (IHC) with cytokeratin antibody (AE1/AE3) to search for metastasis. Eight dogs had axillary lymph node metastases, seven of which were detected by histopathology and by IHC and only one by IHC (micrometastasis). One dog who presented tumor in caudal and inguinal abdominal mammary glands had metastases in the axillary and inguinal lymph nodes. It is concluded that the mammary tumor can cause alteration in lymphatic drainage leading to metastases in lymph nodes which normally do not drain certain glands; so the removal of the axillary lymph node should be included as a routine technique to allow better staging of mammary neoplasms of bitches.

RESUMO: Os alimentos funcionais têm sido empregados como adjuvantes no tratamento do câncer de mama. Neste estudo avaliaram-se as respostas hematológicas e bioquímicas clínicas à ação de um alimento funcional administrado a cadelas com diagnóstico de neoplasia mamária maligna. Após a mastectomia, 16 cadelas foram divididas em dois grupos: suplementadas (S) e não suplementadas (NS) com um composto comercial contendo Saccharomyces cerevisiae, mananoligossacarídeos e nutracêuticos. Ambos grupos receberam tratamento quimioterápico com doxorrubicina e carboplatina, alternadamente, em intervalos de 21 dias, por oito sessões, totalizando 168 dias de tratamento. As avaliações clínicas e laboratoriais foram realizadas nos momentos de aplicação do tratamento. Os resultados dos perfis hematológico (hemograma, leucograma e plaquetograma) e bioquímico sérico (ureia, creatinina, albumina, bilirrubina total e direta, alanina aminotransferase, fosfatase alcalina e gama glutamiltransferase - GGT) foram analisados pelo teste de Kruskall Wallis. No grupo S comprovou-se elevação do peso corporal e não foram observados transtornos gastrointestinais ou outros sinais de alteração clínica ao longo do tratamento. Diferentemente no grupo NS, ocorreu perda de peso e alterações clínicas, como diarreia e vômito. No quadro hematológico, constatou-se leucopenia por linfopenia no grupo de cadelas NS e preservação do valores dentro dos parâmetros considerados normais para a espécie no grupo S. Dentre todas as variáveis da bioquímica clínica, constatou-se apenas a elevação da atividade sérica da GGT nos animais do grupo NS, sem alterações no grupo S. Conclui-se que cadelas com neoplasia mamária quando suplementadas com com alimento funcional imunoestimulante apresentam melhor condição clínica, hematológica e dos níveis bioquímicos, particularmente da GGT. ABSTRACT: Functional foods have been used as adjuvant for breast cancer treatment of bitches. The aim of the present study was to evaluate hematological and clinical biochemistry response in female dogs diagnosed with malignant mammary tumors and supplemented with functional food. After the mastectomy, 16 bitches were divided into two groups: supplemented (S) and none supplemented (NS) with a commercial product of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, mannanoligosaccharides and nutraceuticals. Chemotherapy with doxorubicin and carboplatin was performed alternately at intervals of 21 days for eight sessions during 168 days of treatment. Clinical and laboratorial assessments was made at the treatment moments. The results of the hemogram (erythrogram, leukogram and platelet count) and serum biochemistry (urea, creatinine, albumin, total and direct bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma glutamyltransferase - GGT) were analyzed by Kruskal Wallis test. In the S group, increase body weight was observed, but gastrointestinal disorders or other clinical disorders were not detected over the treatment. In the NS group, loss of weight and clinical disorders were observed. All hematology parameters were normal in the S group; however, leukopenia and lymphopenia were detected in the bitches of the NS group. Among all the clinical biochemistry parameters tested, only serum GGT was increased in the NS group, with no changes in the S group. In conclusion, female dogs with mammary tumor supplemented with immunostimulant functional food have better clinical condition, they demonstrate normal levels of hematological and biochemical exams, particularly GGT.

Intraperitoneal adhesions usually are formed after abdominal surgeries and may cause technical difficulties during surgical intervention, chronic abdominal pain and severe obstructions of the gastrointestinal tract. The current study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of methylene blue (MB) 1% solution on the prevention of intraperitoneal postsurgical adhesion formation in a canine surgical trauma model. Twenty bitches were submitted to falciform ligament resection, omentectomy, ovariohysterectomy and scarification of a colonic segment. Prior to abdominal closure, 10 bitches received 1mg kg-1 MB intraperitoneally (MB group) and 10 bitches received no treatment (control group, CT). On the 15th postoperative day the bitches were submitted to laparoscopy to assess adhesions. The mean adhesion scores were 13.9 (±5.6) for MB group and 20.5 (±6.4) for the CT group (P=0,043). In conclusion, the 1% MB solution was efficient on the prevention of intraperitoneal postoperative adhesion formation in bitches, especially those involving the colonic serosa.

Different methods for lymphatic mapping in dogs, such as infusing tissues with vital dyes or radioactive substances, have been studied, aiming at the early detection of lymph node metastasis. Thus, one could anticipate therapeutic measures and, consequently, prolong the survival and improve the quality of life of the patients. The objectives of this experiment were to locate the nodes responsible for draining the uterine body and horns and to try to establish the relationship between the uterus and the medial iliac lymph nodes to contribute to the early diagnosis and prognosis of uterine disorders. We studied 15 female dogs divided into two groups (5 dead and 10 intraoperative ovariohysterectomy bitches). The dye used was patent blue V (Patent Bleu V®). It was observed that the iliac lymph node chain receives much of the uterine (horns) drainage. This method should be considered for safer studies of uterine sanity. This information suggests that evaluating these lymph nodes will allow correlating changes in their physiological status with uterine pathologies. A utilização de diferentes métodos para o mapeamento linfático em cães, como a infusão de substâncias radioativas e corantes vitais em tecidos, tem sido estudada, tendo como objetivo a detecção precoce de metástases em linfonodos. Com isso pode-se antecipar medidas terapêuticas e, consequentemente, prolongar sobrevida e melhorar qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Os objetivos deste experimento foram localizar os linfonodos responsáveis pela drenagem dos cornos e corpo uterino da cadela e tentar estabelecer relação entre útero e linfonodos ilíacos mediais com a finalidade de contribuir para o diagnóstico precoce e prognóstico das afecções uterinas. Foram estudadas 15 cadelas divididas em 2 grupos (5 cadáveres e 10 cadelas no transoperatório de ovariohisterectomia). O corante utilizado foi o azul patente V (Bleu Patente®). Pôde-se observar que a cadeia de linfonodos ilíacos recebe grande parte da drenagem uterina (cornos) e pode ser considerada em estudos para a sanidade deste órgão. Essa informação permite inferir que a avaliação desses linfonodos possibilita a correlação da alteração em seu padrão fisiológico com patologias uterinas.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-04T12:33:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-11-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2019-10-09T18:33:46Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-736X2018001102124.pdf: 828344 bytes, checksum: b9b017f39dfbef41b8b79bc6e84fbb6c (MD5) Marie Curie Grant (FP07 Nematode Health System) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) The aim of this study was to evaluate and to compare the possible inflammatory changes by screening acute phase proteins concentrations in healthy bitches subjected to ovariohysterectomy. Minimally invasive and conventional (laparotomy) ovariohysterectomies were performed in 17 client-owned adult female mixed breed dogs. Nine animals were subjected to minimally invasive and eight animals to conventional ovariohysterectomy. Blood samples were taken before surgery, 24, 48 hours, and seven days postoperatively. Serum C-reactive concentration was determined by a commercial ELISA kit and serum haptoglobin concentration was measured via hemoglobin binding assay, both previously validated for use in dogs. As the data did not meet the normal distribution criteria, the nonparametric Kruskall-Wallis was performed to compare quantitative variables between groups. One-way ANOVA and the Friedman test were used for multiple comparisons between time points, with a P

Lymphatic mapping has been performed in humans and dogs. Although several cases of anaphylaxis have been reported in humans, there are no such reports in dogs. The objective of this study was to identify the occurrence of adverse reactions to patent blue V dye in bitches undergoing uterine lymphatic mapping procedures using cardiovascular and hematological evaluations. The experiment was performed in 14 mongrel bitches without any reproductive disease, randomly assigned into two equal groups (PBV- uterine lynphatic mapping and OHE; Control - OHE only). The animals were submitted to pre- and postoperative hematological and serum biochemistry exams (7 days). The anesthetic protocol was: sedation (morphine and acepromazine), induction (propofol), maintenance (isoflurane), transoperative analgesia (fentanyl). Systolic blood pressure was monitored throughout the procedure and arterial blood gas analysis was performed immediate pre and postoperatively. For lymphatic mapping was injected patent blue V in the uterine wall, 10 minutes before OEH. Comparisons between the pre- and postoperative parameters within the same animal were performed using the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test. To compare the values between control and PBV group was obtaining the difference between the pre and post of each group, subjected to the Mann-Whitney test (significance of 5%). Differences were observed (P