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The impaction process of droplet on fiber (used as packing) including capture and dispersion is widely encountered in the multiphase reactors. Numerous studies have been conducted to illustrate the captured phenomena, while the phenomena and mechanism of dispersion are still unclear. In this work, the high-speed photography and computational fluid dynamics simulation were employed to investigate the dispersion phenomena of liquid droplet impacting on the single fiber with different wettabilities. Three flow patterns, named one-drop, one-film, and two-film dripping were observed from experimental results. Four contact angle models were implemented in the simulation. The gas–liquid interfacial area and energy utilization efficiency respectively increased from 1.85 to 3.38 times of initial area and from 1.97 % to 48.29 % when the contact angle increased from 45° to 155°. The results are of great significance to understand the dispersion phenomena as well as the enhanced dispersion efficiency of liquid in chemical reactors.

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune neuromuscular disease characterized by fatigue and muscle weakness. Ginseng is used in the treatment of MG. Ginsenoside Rb1 (G-Rb1), the most abundant ginsenoside in ginseng root, has been proved to be immune regulatory in various diseases. In this study, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of G-Rb1 in treatment for MG in a rat model. Our data showed that G-Rb1 treatment markedly ameliorated the symptoms of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) rats, decreased the percentage of Th17 cells in mononuclear cells (MNCs), and increased the number of Treg and Th2 cells in MNCs. We also found that G-Rb1 treatment decreased the serum level of anti-R97-116 peptides IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies. Our findings provide strong evidence that G-Rb1 treatment has immune regulatory effects in EAMG rats, which indicate that G-Rb1 may be employed as a therapeutic medication for MG.

Post-stroke depression (PSD) is one of the most prevalent emotional disorders after stroke and often results in poor outcomes. However, the underlying physiopathologic mechanism and effective treatment of PSD remain poorly elucidated.To investigate whether paeoniflorin has antidepressant-like activity in a rat model of PSD.Rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham-operated control (Sham), PSD, paeoniflorin (with PSD) and fluoxetine group(with PSD). PSD was developed by the right middle cerebral artery occlusion followed 21 days chronic unpredictable mild stress combined (CUMS) with raised alone. Tests of sucrose preference and open field were used to assess the depression-like behavior. Neurological function was evaluated by neurological deficit score and beam balance test. Expression of phosphorylated CREB (p-CREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the CA1 region of the hippocampal complex was evaluated by western blot and immunofluorescence.Te depressive-like behaviors markedly improved after paeoniflorin and fluoxetine treatment. Furthermore, paeoniflorin treatment significantly increased BDNF and p-CREB expression in the CA1 region.Observed results suggested that paeoniflorin could ameliorate the symptoms and improve the functional capability of PSD rats, similar to the effect of fluoxetine.PSD: post-stroke depression; CUMS: chronic unpredictable mild stress stimulation; MCAO: middle cerebral artery occlusion; OFT: open field test; SPT: sucrose preference test, NDS: neurological deficit score, BBT: beam balance test; BDNF: brain-derived neurotrophic factor protein; p-CREB: phosphorylated Cyclic-AMP responsive element binding protein.

Objective To investigate the effects of Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix (PCRR) and its ingredient resveratrol (Res) on experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG). Methods EAMG was induced in Lewis rats by the immunization of a synthetic peptide corresponding to region 97–116 of the rat acetylcholine receptor (AChR) α subunit (R97-116). EAMG rats were randomly divided into PCRR group, Res group, and control (C) group, and were ig administered respectively with PCRR (2 g/kg), Res (20 mg/kg), and DMSO (0.4 mL/kg) every day from day 5 after immunization to day 42. Clinical evaluation, lymphocyte proliferation, cytokines, and anti-97-116 antibodies were performed for examination of their therapeutic effects. Results Treatments with PCRR and Res significantly ameliorated clinical symptoms, down-regulated TNF-α and up-regulated IL-10 in serum and culture supernatants of lymphocytes stimulated with R97-116, and decreased levels of anti-R97-116 IgG1 and IgG2a in serum compared with C group. Unexpectedly, PCRR but not Res inhibited lymphocyte proliferation compared with C group. Conclusion PCRR and Res ameliorating EAMG is associated with suppressing immune response, and indicates a therapeutic potential for EAMG and even human myasthenia gravis (MG). Res may be the main effective ingredient from PCRR ameliorating EAMG, but further experiments are necessary.

Many countries in the world have implemented many price support policies to promote the development of renewable energy, and there are evolutionary processes between different policies at different stages of national development. Existing literature has less research on the internal mechanism and alternative process of renewable energy price policies’ evolution process. In view of this, this paper innovatively introduces the classic model of innovation diffusion theory, the Bass model, into the renewable energy price mechanism, and improves it on the basis of the traditional Bass model, and then proposes a system dynamics (SD) simulation based on the improved Bass model to study the evolution process of the renewable energy price policies. This paper mainly studies the evolution process of the policies from feed-in tariff (FIT) to renewable portfolio standard (RPS), and takes China’s wind power industry as an example to simulate the model. The results show that FIT can effectively and quickly evolve to RPS based on the internal influence of the interaction among power generation enterprises and the external influence of government behaviors. All the power generation enterprises will implement RPS, and the amount of green power enterprises eventually grows steadily and slowly. In addition, increasing the decline rate of FIT subsidy and RPS unit fine can effectively promote the evolution of RPS policy, and also improve the amount of green power enterprises and the activity of the tradable green certificates (TGC) trading market.

The implementation of the carbon trading (CT) mechanism is important for the transformation of China’s renewable energy industry, thereby affecting the structure of energy, economy, and the environment, and determining the sustainable development of China’s economic-energy-environment (3E) system in the future. This paper constructs a 3E system simulation model under the CT mechanism based on the theory of system dynamics and taking the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region as an example. We study the internal operation mechanism of the carbon emissions trading system and its impact on 3E by combing the related mechanisms of the CT market, CO2 emissions, energy consumption, and gross domestic product (GDP), thereby helping to provide references for policy-making institutions. The results show that the implementation of CT can effectively reduce energy consumption growth and carbon emissions in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and the negative impact of CT implementation on GDP is significantly lower than its positive impact on reducing carbon emissions and energy consumption. Thus, the CT mechanism is conducive to the sustainable development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region’s 3E system. In addition, reducing the total amount of quota, reducing free quota, and increasing CT price can effectively promote carbon emission reduction, thus promoting the sustainable development of the 3E system.

A kind of breakdown diagnosis algorithm was proposed based on Ant colony algorithm. The problem of fault identification and classification was translated to a constrained optimized clustering problem under certain conditions in this algorithm. It was applied to the process of fault diagnosis of a hydraulic system. The results show the algorithm is valid and reasonable.

At present, hierarchical routing protocols have been the main solution of routing scalability problem in MANET. Based on the deep research on hierarchical routing protocols, hierarchical routing protocols were divided into two parts. The situations of the main routing protocols of each part were reviewed and analyzed. This work will contribute to the further study of hierarchical routing protocols.

Cogeneration is regarded as an important approach to probe new profit increase and achieve the long term goal of sustainable development. In the present paper, cases of heating rebuilding for units with different capacities are analyzed. Additionally, four cogeneration bases on the energy cascade utilization are proposed, which makes full use of the extracted steam heat, flue gas waste heat and low pressure cylinder exhaust steam condensation heat. The proposed technical approaches for cogeneration have the merits of excavating energy saving potential in depth and achieving economic benefits to the maximum value. Under the increasingly stringent circumstances of energy conservation and emissions reduction policies, accelerating the implementation of the technical proposals for heating rebuilding of thermal power units has promising applications and benefits.

There are many factors that can affect network performance, such as delay, packet loss and capacity utilization. A Wireless-Optical Broadband Access Network (WOBAN) is gaining more attention because its good performance and merits such as reliability, robustness and high capacity as well as flexibility. In this paper, we proposed the Flow Limited and Risk Aware Routing Algorithm (FLRAR), which takes capacity utilization and link failure into account. And we also used Link Success Rate (LSR) to detect the link failure and redirect the related packets. The research results show that the process of information fusion has abilities of adapting and self-learning.

With the development of the smart grid , information network securityassessment affects the safe operation of the smart grid . In this paper, theimproved credibility theory and analytic hierarchy process , combined withstructural features of the smart grid network , From the wide area network ,access network, enterprise local network , local area network and the CPN-siteand home users to assess the impact of the five aspects of information networksfor smart grid security operation. And make the case for more security strategyto improve the reliability of the smart grid operation , thus providing a basisfor guiding the development and safe use of electricity grid users .

In order to make the damaged bridges continue to play a role in a short period of time, ensure the normal order of the bridge structure is used,and ensure the traffic safety, we carried out the bridge reinforcement and repair work. On the basis of the actual testing data in combination with the practical situation of engineering and the damage degree, we damaged parts of the bridge of grouting reinforcement, embedded, anti-corrosion treatment, eliminate the hidden trouble of the structures, to guarantee the normal operation of city traffic. This article mainly introduces the harm of main girder section and the reinforced repair way.

For an actual maneuvering target tracking system, the random change of system parameters and structure can often occur. So the whole system is dynamic, and there is uncertainty in system parameters and structure. In the paper, theory of system with random changing structures and technology of sensor management is introduced to build a tracking model with random changing structures. For the considering of random changing, the transient error brought by structure random changing is overcome.

An ausform finishing process that integrates heat treatment, rolling finishing and hardening of steel components into single on-line manufacturing operation is discussed in this paper ,with the gear steel 20CrMo which is widely used in auto and precise machine industry as a example .the tooth engagement process is modeled ,and the formulas for calculating deformation are deduced.

The geometric model of the loader frame is directly established by the Pro/E software and imported to ANSYS to create finite element model. By the overall analysis of the front frame in the typical operation conditions, the whole distributions of stress of the front frame of XG958 wheel loader were obtained. Then, base on the distribution of the stress, the local structure of XG958 wheel loader frame was improved and the result was validated.

Astilbin, a major bioactive compound extracted from Rhizoma smilacis glabrae (RSG), has been reported to possess immunosuppressive properties. Our study first evaluated the effect of astilbin on experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) in Lewis rats. The results showed that astilbin could attenuate the severity of EAMG by decreasing antigen-specific autoantibodies with up-regulation of regulatory T cells and down-regulation of Th17 cells. In addition to, astilbin also reduced the efficiency of the antigen presenting cells on which the expression of MHC class II decreased. These results suggest that astilbin might be a candidate drug for immunoregulation of EAMG, and provide us new treatment ideas for human myasthenia gravis (MG).

The type strain Lentibacillus amyloliquefaciens LAM0015(T) with considerably highly NaCl tolerance is a member of halophiles. Here we report its genome sequence, the first to publish complete genome sequence of the Lentibacillus genus. It contains 3,858,520bp with an average GC content of 42.12%, encoding multiple valuable proteins academically and industrially. The genome sequence of strain LAM0015(T) provides basic information for further elucidation of halophilic mechanism and wider exploitation of functional genes.

This paper introduces digital substation engineering applications typically schemes of CBZ-8000B in different stages of the program, in which the analog input uses the mode from the IEC61850-9-1 point-to-point to the IEC61850-9-2 network transmission, 10kV analog inputs use the IEC60044-8 small analog mode, and it realizes the transmission of tripping and closing commands and network protection by transporting GOOSE information of process layer. Meanwhile, superior points of different projects are compared and the greater innovation and application on network protection and quadratic functions which will be achieved in following engineering application are forecasted.

Superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) is an important device in renewable systems. It can improve the power supply quality and enhance the stability and reliability of power system. This work will investigate the manufacturing and operating reliability and quality of SMES based on a benchmark problem so as to improve its industry applications. Robust design optimization based on a technique called design for Six-Sigma is presented to investigate the above problem. Meanwhile, multilevel optimization method is employed to reduce the computation cost of finite element analysis due to high-dimensional parameters. As shown, the reliability and quality of the SMES after robust optimization have been improved significantly.

Numerical calculation model with compound insulation of transient electric field is given. The insulation is more prominent due to complication for voltage applied on valve side winding of the converter transformer. So the simplied structure for electric calculation on the valve side winding of the converter transformer is established. The electric field distribution characteristics on the valve side winding of the converter transformer is analyzed and electric fields in different resistivity and permittivity are calculated under AC high voltage, DC high voltage, AC superimposed DC voltage, polarity reversal voltage. The maximum electric field intensity is calculated and analyzed under kinds of high voltage. Some important influence factors for electric field distribution are also discussed in this paper.

By adopting the chaotic searching to improve the global searching performance of the particle swarm optimization (PSO), and using the improved PSO to optimize the key parameters of the support vector machine (SVM) forecasting model, an improved SVM model named CPSO-SVM model was proposed. The new model was applied to predicting the short term load, and the improved effect of the new model was proved. The simulation results of the South China Power Market’s actual data show that the new method can effectively improve the forecast accuracy by 2.23% and 3.87%, respectively, compared with the PSO-SVM and SVM methods. Compared with that of the PSO-SVM and SVM methods, the time cost of the new model is only increased by 3.15 and 4.61 s, respectively, which indicates that the CPSO-SVM model gains significant improved effects.

In order to know the construction conditions of the safety culture in power supply companies this paper sets up an overall and objective safety culture assessment index system of power supply enterprises based on the power industry characteristics. The weights of indexes can be got by improved AHP and comprehensive scores can be obtained by linear weighted method. Then an assessment model is introduced which adopts the trapezium-cloud model to make grade division (concept partition) of the safety culture instead of the hard division method in previous studies. The concepts gained by this way can reflect the data distribution characteristics more obviously. Finally we can obtain the cloud parameters by using backward cloud generator, which are used for evaluation. What's more, the example in this paper shows that the model is feasible and effective and it can offer more valuable information.

The aim of this study was to establish a 3D digitized model of pelvic vasculature for anatomic study, preoperative planning, and virtual reality. Three adult fresh cadavers were perfused with carboxymethyl cellulose/lead oxide mixture to mark blood vessels, and subjected to multilayer spiral computed tomography scanning to obtain a series of thin sections. Then, the 2D images of the pelvis and pelvic blood vessels were transformed into 3D digitized models using Mimics 11.0. The 2D images of carboxymethyl cellulose/lead oxide filled arteries had the features of entire outline and few constructed defects. The 3D digitized models of the pelvis and pelvic artery system displayed spatial location and the adjacent relationship of arteries with the pelvis. Not only the well-known arteries but also the tiny blood vessels in the reconstructed structures were well demonstrated and observed interactively. The reconstructed tissue flaps, including a lobulated skin flap with the pedicel of superficial epigastric artery, and an iliac flap with the pedicel of deep iliac circumflex artery, demonstrated their blood supply area. This indicated that the modified technique of vascular perfusion with carboxymethyl cellulose/lead oxide and reconstitution with Mimics 11.0 software contributed to 3D digitized model of pelvic vasculature.

The industry welding robot can't real-time adjust its movement path according to the change in the position of the workpiece in a welding procedure, which affects the quality of welding a lot. The Real-time Visual Measuring and Tracking system acquires the three coordinates of the workpiece by visual measurement method, and navigates the robot to the correct position, consequently the welding quality improves. The system mainly includes micro structured-light visual sensors, a high-speed data processing unit, a display and setting unit, and protection equipments. From the experiment, it's shown that the system can measure the workpiece six times per second, and the precision of the measurement is better than 0.3mm. In a word, the system can effectively improve the robot welding quality.

We report the room-temperature spectroscopic properties and the continuous-wave and passive Q-switching laser operations of a new disorder crystal, Yb-doped Gd3AlxGa5-xO12 (Yb:GAGG). The peak absorption cross section is 0.56×10-20 cm2 at 942 nm, while the main emission band is centered at 1024 nm with a peak cross section of 1.05×10-20 cm2 and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 13.8 nm. The highest continuous-wave output power of 5.33 W is obtained with the optical–optical conversion efficiency of 41.6% and slope efficiency of 53.2%. In the passive Q-switching regime, with a V3+:YAG crystal as the saturable absorber, the highest output power, shortest pulse width, largest pulse energy and highest peak power achieved are 4.68 W, 24.7 ns, 93.8 µJ, and 3.8 kW, respectively. The results indicates that Yb:GAGG could be a potential laser crystal for high-power and ultrashort pulse generation.