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A gallium nitride (GaN)-based resonant step-up converter is proposed for the application in the satellite electric propulsion (EP) system. This converter consists of a full-bridge inverter, a resonant tank and a multi-stage Cockcroft-Walton (CW) voltage multiplier to provide a high gain. Additionally, the air-core transformer is introduced due to the megahertz switching frequency allowed by the GaN device. Thus, the limited magnetizing inductance of transformer and the remarkable junction capacitance of diode have to be carefully considered in the resonant tank design, especially after considering that this converter normally operates at the light load in the EP system. In this work, the 4-order LCLC resonant converter is investigated. The recommended parameter selection for the 4-order resonant tank is also provided. A 1.2-MHz, 23-V/2.5-kV, and 6-W prototype is demonstrated. It achieves a low harmonics distortion and a low power loss with the zero voltage switching (ZVS).

A GaN-based gate driver circuits have been successfully designed and fabricated using a commercially available 6-inch GaN-on-Si platform. The driver circuits consist of three-stage direct-coupled FET logic (DCFL) inverters featuring monolithically integrated depletion-mode (D-mode) and enhancement-mode (E-mode) high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). At room temperature (RT), at a supply voltage of 4 V the single-stage DCFL fabricated on the same die exhibits a large gate swing (3.84 V) and large noise margins (logic-low noise margin (NML) of 1.55 V and logic-high noise margin (NMH) of 2.18 V), both of which are desirable for all-GaN IC applications. Meanwhile, the gate driver circuits were characterised up to 200°C on a PCB with a capacitance load of 1 nF in series with 4.7 Ω resistance to resemble the load condition. At 200°C, the gate driver circuits function well even at 5 MHz operation frequency. The turn on/off propagation delay and rise/fall time of the gate driver circuits are 5/40 and 22/18 ns, respectively. As far as the authors’ knowledge, this is the highest reported operation frequency for GaN-based gate driver circuits under such high temperature, making it very promising for high-temperature high-frequency all-GaN integrated circuit (IC) applications.

There are differences in individual cardiovascular responses to the administration of dexmedetomidine, a highly selective α2A-adrenergic receptor (ADRA2A) agonist. The aim of this study was to investigate ADRA2A gene polymorphisms in the Chinese Han population and their association with the cardiovascular response to intravenous dexmedetomidine infusion. Sixty elective surgery patients of Chinese Han nationality were administered 1 µg/kg dexmedetomidine intravenously over 10 min as a premedication. ADRA2A C-1291G and A1780G polymorphism status was determined in these patients, and their relationships to changes in blood pressure and heart rate after dexmedetomidine administration were analyzed. There were neither significant differences in systolic or diastolic blood pressure changes in individuals with different A1780G and C-1291G genotypes after dexmedetomidine administration, nor in heart rates among the different A1780G genotypes. However, there were significant differences in changes in heart rates in patients with different C-1291G genotypes. There were no significant differences in the sedative effects of dexmedetomidine among different A1780G and C-1291G genotypes. Logistic regression revealed that the C-1291G polymorphism was associated with differential decreases in heart rate after intravenous infusion of dexmedetomidine. These findings indicate that the ADRA2A C-1291G polymorphism can affect heart rate changes in patients after intravenous infusion of dexmedetomidine.

Cadmium is a well-known hazardous pollutant that mainly comes from dietary, tobacco and occupational exposure, posing threat to kidney. However, there is still a lack of systematic study on metabolic pathways and urinary biomarkers related to its nephrotoxicity under cadmium exposure for both females and males. In this study, a mass spectrometry-based metabolomics investigation of a cohort of 144 volunteers was conducted to explore sex-specific metabolic alteration and to screen biomarkers related to cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity. When the concentration of urinary cadmium increased, creatine pathway, amino acid metabolism especially the tryptophan metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, and purine metabolism were primarily influenced regardless of the gender. Also, the most specific biomarkers linked with nephrotoxicity based on the statistical analysis were detected including creatine, creatinine, l-tryptophan, adenine and uric acid. The study outcome might provide information to reflect the body burden and help improve health policy for risk assessment.

The trend to move toward the solid-state and repetitive pulsed power supply requires the high-voltage, high-current, and high-speed semiconductor devices, which makes an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) preferred for this application. However, as a bipolar device, the IGBT is limited by the switching speed and switching loss. In this paper, the potential of silicon carbide (SiC) metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) for the pulsed power application is investigated. The surge current capabilities of 1.2-kV, 30-A commercial Si IGBT and SiC MOSFET are characterized and compared by the capacitor discharge experiment. In addition, the effects of various circuit parameters, including gate resistance, dc-link voltage, and dc-link capacitance, on the capacitor discharge process are investigated. It is found that the pulse current of SiC MOSFET is around two times of Si IGBT, which achieves good agreement with the datasheet. Using $di/dt$ to represent the discharging speed, the SiC MOSFET is 10 times faster than the Si IGBT. It is because the SiC MOSFET shows a lower ON-resistance in the saturation region resulted from the short-channel effect. This paper confirms the high-speed and high-current advantages of SiC MOSFET in the pulsed power application.

Forecasting the residential electricity consumption can provide an effective and sustainable electricity supply in the rapid development of urbanization and industrialization. However, it is a challenging task to establish an efficient forecasting model for enhancing the forecasting accuracy, accelerating the forecasting speed, minimizing the electricity consumption and reducing the environmental pollution. Most existing works on the residential electricity consumption focus on improving the forecasting accuracy while the improvement is insufficient. And few of them have considered the forecasting speed. To overcome these limitations, this paper firstly proposes a hybrid Improved Whale Optimization Algorithm - Optimized Grey Seasonal Variation Index (IWOA-OGSVI) model for best solutions of satisfactory forecasting results with high accuracy and fast-convergence. Next, for evaluating the forecasting performance, two case studies are carried out to estimate the effectiveness of our proposed model compared with a range of benchmark models. Finally, the empirical results present that the MAPE values in our proposed model are smallest at the “Excellent” level of the forecasting power and all of them have converged before 30 iterations, which demonstrate the superiority of our proposed model over the others on the forecasting accuracy and speed among the five selected regions.

Dioxins, environmentally stable and ubiquitous, have been found to induce metabolic changes especially in lipids and be related to multiple diseases. However, limited study is available on lipid alternations related to human exposure to dioxins. This study aims to explore the serum lipidomic characterization and to understand the underlying mechanisms of adverse health risks associated with dioxin exposure. A lipidomic study integrating nontargeted lipidomics, and targeted free fatty acid (FFA) and acyl-coenzyme A (acyl-CoA) analyses were conducted to investigate the 94 serum samples from two groups of male workers with remarkably different dioxin concentrations. The obtained results exhibited distinct lipidomic signatures between the high and low exposed groups. A total of 37 lipids were identified with the significant changes. The results revealed that dioxin exposure caused accumulations of triglyceride (TG), ceramide (Cer) and sphingoid (So), remodeling of glycerophospholipid (GP), imbalanced FFA metabolism, as well as upregulation of platelet-activating factor (PAF). These findings implied the associations between dioxin exposure and potential adverse health risks including inflammation, apoptosis, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and liver diseases. This study is the first to explain the associations between dioxin exposure and health effects at the level of lipid metabolism.

Background: One-lung ventilation (OLV) is a common ventilation technology during thoracic surgery that can cause serious clinical problems. We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to compare oxygenation and intrapulmonary shunt during OLV in adults undergoing thoracic surgery with dexmedetomidine (Dex) versus placebo to assess the influence and safety of using Dex. Methods: Randomized controlled trials comparing lung protection in patients who underwent thoracic surgery with Dex or a placebo were retrieved from PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and China CNKI database. The following information was extracted from the paper: arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2), PaO2/inspired oxygen concentration (PaO2/FiO2, oxygenation index [OI]), intrapulmonary shunt (calculated as Qs/Qt), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Results: Fourteen randomized controlled trials were included containing a total of 625 patients. Compared with placebo group, Dex significantly increased PaO2/FiO2 (standard mean difference [SMD] = 0.98, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.72, 1.23], P < 0.00001). Besides, Qs/Qt (SMD= −1.22, 95% CI [−2.20, −0.23], P = 0.020), HR (SMD= −0.69, 95% CI [−1.20, 0.17], P = 0.009), MAP (SMD= −0.44, 95% CI [−0.84, 0.04], P = 0.030), the concentrations of TNF-α (SMD = −1.55, 95% CI [−2.16, −0.95], P

Central nerve signal evoked by thoughts can be directly used to control a robot or prosthetic devices without the involvement of the peripheral nerve and muscles. This is a new strategy of human-computer interaction. A method of electroencephalogram U+0028 EEG U+0029 phase synchronization combined with band energy was proposed to construct a feature vector for pattern recognition of brain-computer interaction based on EEG induced by motor imagery in this paper. rhythm and beta rhythm were first extracted from EEG by band pass filter and then the frequency band energy was calculated by the sliding time window; the instantaneous phase values were obtained using Hilbert transform and then the phase synchronization feature was calculated by the phase locking value U+0028 PLV U+0029 and the best time interval for extracting the phase synchronization feature was searched by the distribution of the PLV value in the time domain. Finally, discrimination of motor imagery patterns was performed by the support vector machine U+0028 SVM U+0029. The results showed that the phase synchronization feature more effective in 4s-7s and the correct classification rate was 91.4 U+0025. Compared with the results achieved by a single EEG feature related to motor imagery, the correct classification rate was improved by 3.5 and 4.3 percentage points by combining phase synchronization with band energy. These indicate that the proposed method is effective and it is expected that the study provides a way to improve the performance of the online real-time brain-computer interaction control system based on EEG related to motor imagery.

Background: China has not established social security system for rare diseases. Rare diseases could easily impoverish patients and their families. Little research has studied the equity and accessibility of health services for patients with rare diseases in China. This study aimed to explore the factors that influence health expenditure of rare diseases and evaluate its equity. Methods: Questionnaire survey about living conditions and cost burden of patients with rare diseases was conducted. Individual and family information, health expenditure and reimbursement in 2014 of 982 patients were collected. The impact of medical insurance, individual sociodemographic characteristics, family characteristics, and healthcare need on total and out-of-pocket (OOP) health expenditures was analyzed through the generalized linear model. Equity of health expenditure was evaluated by both concentration index and Lorenz curve. Results: Of all the surveyed patients, 11.41% had no medical insurance and 92.10% spent money to seek medical treatment in 2014. It was suggested female (P = 0.048), over 50 years of age (P = 0.062), high-income group (P = 0.021), hospitalization (P = 0.000), and reimbursement ratio (RR) (P = 0.000) were positively correlated with total health expenditure. Diseases not needing long-term treatment (P = 0.000) was negatively correlated with total health expenditure. Over 50 years of age (P = 0.065), high-income group (P = 0.018), hospitalization (P = 0.000) and having Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance (UEBMI) (P = 0.022) were positively correlated with OOP health expenditure. Patient or the head of the household having received higher education (P = 0.044 and P = 0.081) and reimbursement ratio (P = 0.078) were negatively correlated with OOP health expenditure. The equity evaluation found concentration indexes of health expenditure before and after reimbursement were 0.0550 and 0.0539, respectively. Conclusions: OOP health expenditure of patients with UEBMI was significantly more than that of patients without medical insurance. However, for any other medical insurance, there was no difference between OOP health expenditure of the insured patients and patients without insurance. The current reimbursement policies have increased the equity of health expenditure, but are biased toward high-income people.

For structural self-weight loads being important component in the loads, ignoring self-weight loads cannot be considered as reasonable approximation. In addition, the constraints of stresses, displacements and frequencies must be simultaneously considered to satisfy the requirements of engineering structures. According to the saddle point theory, Ratio-Extremum method is firstly proposed to solve the size optimization problem of the truss simultaneously considering self-weight loads, static and dynamic constraints. It is a great advantage that the step-size factors can be directly determined. Two cases of 72-bar special truss are used to show the effectivity and rationality.

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text, Background: Perioperative goal-directed fluid therapy (GDFT) aiming to maintain individual fluid balance based on sensitive parameters was prevalent in major surgery, especially in enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathway. This meta-analysis was conducted for the purpose of evaluating whether GDFT impacts on occurrence of postoperative ileus and whether its application is worthwhile in gastrointestinal surgery. Methods: A systematic search of RCTs compared GDFT with other fluid management in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery from the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library databases was implemented. The primary outcome is incidence of postoperative ileus. Other outcome measures were length of hospital stay (LOS), postoperative morbidity and mortality. Subgroup analysis was planed a prior to verify the definite role of GDFT. Results: 12 trials consisted of 1836 patients were included in the final analysis. GDFT did not influence the occurrence of postoperative ileus (relative risk, RR 0.71, 95% confidence interval, CI 0.47–1.07, P = .10), with moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 29%, P = .16). No difference was found between GDFT and control groups in LOS (mean difference –0.17 days, 95% CI –0.73 to 0.39, P = .55), total complication rate (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.81–1.05, P = .23), and 30-day mortality (RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.47–1.75, P = .77). In other secondary outcomes, only wound infection rate was lower in the GDFT group (RR 0.68, 95% CI 0.50–0.93, P = .02). When performed subgroup analysis, GDFT was superior in reduction ileus only when compared with standard therapy or in those outside ERAS. Conclusions: It is possible that GDFT dose not affect the occurrence of postoperative ileus in gastrointestinal surgery. It scarcely influences postoperative morbidity and mortality as well. However, lower incidence of ileus is observed in GDFT group either outside ERAS or compared with standard fluid therapy. Probably, GDFT may not be necessary in the ERAS pathway or if a hybrid approach is adopted.

Growing attention has been paid to surface texture owing to its significance on bearing lubrication, load capacity and wear resistance. In this paper, in or der to learn more about the dynamic performance of journal bearings and the vibration of bearing ho usin g, a comparative experimental study between textured surface and non-textured surface journal bearing configurations is presented. The research was mainly divided into two parts. Firstly, the feature information of displacement under a range of loads from 0 N to 2500 N was obtained. Experimental measurements data of stiffness coefficients and damping coefficients under different static loads were calculated and analyzed respectively between the surface-textured and non-textured journal bearings. It can be learned that the values of fluid film stiffness coefficients and damping coefficients are increased via surface texture. Secondly, the vibration amplitude of bearing housing was measured. The experimental results show that appropriate texture distribution can certainly have better vibration damping effects according to acceleration amplitude. There is a good correlation under the relevant operating conditions compared with a theoretical model. The experimental results show that the appropriate texture distributed journal bearing provides a great improvement on stability than the non-textured journal bearing.

Rolling element bearing is crucial for operation safety of modern mechanical equipment. Its poor damping and heavy load capacity usually makes it degrade faster than the shafts and the gear sets. In this paper, a recently proposed time-frequency (TF) representation tool, named the complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN), is introduced for the TF representation of helicopter bearing degradation data. Totally three sets of sequentially collected accelerometer data were included for the comparison study, with the first two data sets showing no signs of degradation and the third data set corresponds to totally scored bearing rollers. Facilitated by CEEMDAN method, no clear distinction can be observed on the TF plane as for the strong background noises. Thus we previously highlight the bearing signatures using spectral kurtosis (SK), a forth order statistics which is sensitive for impulsive components. Its fast algorithm, called the kurtogram, implements the detection of considerably weak bearing components and suppresses other background components, e.g., gear mesh components. With the preprocessing by kurtogram, the feature information on the TF plane can be easily characterized for the third data set.

We present a method to fabricate diffractive optical elements (DOEs) with four phase levels by the Laser Direct Writing technology. One computation method is provided to optimize the step depth, which could improve efficiency of DOEs. The step depth and imaging results demonstrate the fabricated DOEs devices with good optical properties. The effective areas of the DOEs pattern are as large as 49 cm2, which could be replicated easily for mass production applications.

Fresnel mirror can greatly improve the compactness of imaging system, which has many advantages such as light, thin, and easy to integrate. Due to the limitations of the shape precision and the surface roughness by available fabrication technology, most Fresnel mirrors can only be used for illuminating and focusing areas. This paper presents a Fresnel mirrors ultra precision forming method, which can turn the Fresnel mirrors with an excellent imaging performance in visible light region. The surface roughness of the Fresnel mirror can be achieved as small as 1 nm, and the surface accuracy can be up to 0.23 lambda @ 632.8 nm after removing the spherical aberration, which make this kind of Fresnel mirror extremely promising for applications in ultrathin and light optical imaging system.

As an excellent material, Magnesium (Mg) alloy was widely used in automobile, IT product and aerospace industries. The magnesium alloy heater needs a robust controller to advance on the high accuracy, the static and dynamic stable characters, and the heater’s time delay. Firstly the magnesium alloy furnace mechanical model based on multi-layer equivalent thermal network for a radiant tube is introduced. The numeric model in one dimension steady heat transfer was developed. And a series of linear systemic characters were developed via experimental research. Secondly the furnace control system model was developed, which was built on the PID and Smith predictor in detail. And its kernel algorithm was simulated and applied in the furnace equipment system. Comparison of the Smith predictor and the conventional PID controller demonstrated that the former could eliminate the static error, reduce overshoot, shorten regulating time, and improve control precision and running stability. Finally an example which was a whole process experiment of the Mg alloy melting was given. It should be drawn that Smith predictor control system was superior to the conventional PID controller in the heater.

Structural components are subjected to high-frequency vibration. But today, the fatigue tester is required to provide higher precision, robust system performance and more powerful functionality because of the increasing arduousness of industrial material selection. The novel fuzzy-PID HFFT (High frequency fatigue tester) controller advances on the static/dynamic load accuracy, the running stability, the resonant frequency seeking ability, and the frequency stability. Firstly the HFFT mechanical system model is introduced. Secondly the HFFT controller is developed, which includes the static/dynamic load control loop and the frequency locked loop. Finally some experimental data in PLG-100 are shown. Compared to the conventional PID system, the fuzzy-PID tester’s accuracy is higher, and the load/frequency control loops possess the premium dynamic characteristics.

Irreversible electroporation (IRE) with microsecond-pulsed electric fields (μsPEFs) can effectively ablate hepatocellular carcinomas in animal models. This preclinical study evaluates the feasibility and safety of IRE on porcine livers. Altogether, 10 pigs were included. Computed tomography (CT) was used to guide two-needle electrodes that were inserted near the hilus hepatis and gall bladder. Animals were followed-up at 2 hours and at 2, 7 and 14 days post-treatment. During and after μsPEF ablation, electrocardiographs found no cardiovascular events and contrast CT found no portal vein thrombosis. There was necrosis in the ablation zone. Mild cystic oedema around the gall bladder was found 2 hours post-treatment. Pathological studies showed extensive cell death. There was no large vessel damage, but there was mild endothelial damage in some small vessels. Follow-up liver function tests and routine blood tests showed immediate liver function damage and recovery from the damage, which correlated to the pathological changes. These results indicate that μsPEF ablation affects liver tissue and is less effective in vessels, which enable μsPEFs to ablate central tumour lesions close to the hilus hepatis and near large vessels and bile ducts, removing some of the limitations and contraindications of conventional thermal ablation.

The proliferation of data-hungry smart electronic devices, such as smartphones and intelligent vehicles, has driven the capacities of current mobile communication systems towards their limits. To tackle this formidable challenge, 3GPP Long Term Evolution has recognized network densification with low-power small cells (SCs) as a key paradigm in the upcoming 5G communication system. In this article, we introduce a novel wireless backhaul framework for small cell networks by introducing a new backhauling component, which is referred to as Type-A relay. This new entity is capable of communicating simultaneously with two macrocells by leveraging the downlink resource of one cell as well as the uplink resource of the other, which effectively operates in full-duplex mode without incurring additional costs to acquire carrier resources. The proposed approach offers increased architectural flexibility and substantial capacity enhancement over the current LTE relaying-based solutions. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the strong potential of the proposed approach in future 5G communication systems.

The efficacy of statin treatment on cognitive decline is controversial, and the effect of statins on cognitive deficits in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) has yet to be investigated. Therefore, we systematically reviewed the effect of statins on cognitive deficits in adult male rodents after TBI. After identifying eligible studies by searching four electronic databases on February 28, 2014, we assessed study quality, evaluated the efficacy of statin treatment, and performed stratified metaregression and metaregression to assess the influence of study design on statin efficacy. Eleven studies fulfilled our inclusion criteria from a total of 183 publications. The overall methodological quality of these studies was poor. Meta-analysis showed that statins exert statistically significant positive effects on cognitive performance after TBI. Stratified analysis showed that atorvastatin has the greatest effect on acquisition memory, simvastatin has the greatest effect on retention memory, and statin effects on acquisition memory are higher in closed head injury models. Metaregression analysis further showed that that animal species, study quality, and anesthetic agent impact statin effects on retention memory. We conclude that statins might reduce cognitive deficits after TBI. However, additional well-designed and well-reported animal studies are needed to inform further clinical study.

The network resource grows up exponentially with the rapid development of Internet. It is very important to identify whether the resources belong to the professional field or not. However, resources in professional field are sorted up mostly manually at present, and some drawbacks exist in the process. To tackle with these problems, the Topic Identification Strategy of Academic Resources proposes topic identification method based on the main text of resources. The strategy first transfers different forms of academic resources into a unified format. And then break up the whole text into parts to calculate the topic degree of relevance. Samples are used to decide the weight of the thresholds. The proposed method could also add labels for resources automatically. Experiments show that, this strategy could effectively deal with English academic resources topic identification.

The fault signal of rolling bearing has the feature of nonstationarity. To apply wavelet packet to decompose and reconstruct the vibrational signals collected from testing at first, then the Hilbert operator was applied to achieve the purpose of demodulating the envelope. Finally, the signals after refining envelope spectrum will expand the information of defects. And then extracting the characteristic frequency of fault signals and judging the fault location of the bearing. The experimental analysis shows that wavelet packet and Hilbert operator could be applied to extract the characteristic defect frequency of rolling bearing effectively, and in the other word this method is effective to detect the class of local damage of rolling bearing.

The Digital Mock-Up (DMU) technology is one of the most significant means to the development and innovation of new products in modern manufacturing enterprises. The application of the DMU technology can help improve the quality of products, reduce the production cost and shorten development cycle. In this work, the DMU of the whole automobile chassis is constituted according to the unique characteristics of design and development for automobile chassis. The focus is on the DMU harmony analyses, including interference checking, disassembly and assembly simulation, space location, structure intensity and modal of vibration‥ This paper also provides an optimal and instructive method to the design and development of other complex systems.

To avoid the constraint of wires during data acquisition, a wireless data acquisition system based on MATLAB and MCU is designed. Firstly, MCU, wireless serial communication module and other hardware are selected for the system, and the connection and interface for the hardware is designed. Secondly, the software of wireless communication is programmed based on MATLAB. Finally, an acoustic signal data acquisition experiment is performed to test the system, and experiment result verifies the feasibility of the system.

In order to measure the height of exploding object at low-altitude, a location method based on computer vision is proposed. A camera, with its intrinsic parameters calibrated beforehand, is used to take a picture of the exploding light and two point patterns. The two point patterns are used to calibrate the extrinsic parameters of the camera. Centroid method is applied to extract the centre of exploding light and the patterns in the image. The distance from the exploding position to camera is measured on the time difference of arrival of the sound and light generated by the explosion. Then the exploding position is determined on monocular vision principle. Experiment results show that the method has good accuracy and it is simple and convenient.

Thermal power plant is a plant which uses thermal energy generated by burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas for generation of electrical energy. But these fuels not only consume energy, but also pollute the environment, so more and more thermal power plant started to use straw as a new fuel which is economic and environment-friendly. In this paper, a microwave moisture measurement method is proposed because of the moisture content is difficult to measure when thermal power plant used straw as a new fuel, and its principle is analyzed and deduced. According to the derivation of the formula, a kind of straw moisture content measurement system is designed. It is convenient to measure moisture content in straw.

In this paper, the design of miniaturized low-pass filter in a Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic(LTCC) Technology is presented. The pass-band of the low-pass filter is from 900MHz to 1450MHz. The capacitor is constructed by multilayer MIM(Mental-Insulator-Mental) capacitor, and the inductor is fabricated by a narrow metal transmission line. The VSWR of input and output port is less than 1.6. The whole volume of final three-dimension model is 2.0mm×1.25mm× 0.90mm.

In this paper, the prison monitoring system is designed based on wireless sensor network technology. This system could not only monitor the relevant information about the vital signs of inmates in prison, but also record and check the physical condition of personnel, activities, status and location information at any time, preventing inmates from committing suicide or escaping, and discovering whereabouts of the criminals once the jailbreak occurred. The application of wireless sensor network technology in the prison monitoring system enables the monitoring of the prison more comprehensive, more scientific and more effective.

The miniature unmanned helicopter exhibits a complex and nonlinear dynamic behavior, open- loop unstable and a high degree of inter-axis coupling. This paper describes a hybrid PID velocity control method based on single neuron for an unmanned helicopter. This method possesses both the simple structure of PID controller, and adjusting papameters on-line by intelligent technique. The application results of an unmanned helicopter show that the proposed controller can have helicopter achieve stable attitude in hover and improve the stability of the attitude control system. And the fine robustness for imprecise helicopter model is accounted for.

Many uncoordinated tasks often run in the same time in embedded wireless network, In this paper, we studied a task-sharing Optimization mechanism which is based on event semantics; discussed the definition, management and scheduling of the share structure on the bases of actor-oriented design method; described the event semantics system and signal types; at last given an example of multi-task Optimization in a logistics system.

Electric vehicles (EVs) are the ideal road transportation tool to mitigate air pollution and carbon dioxide emissions. However the current energy sources are not qualified for EVs on energy density, power density and cycle life. Flywheel battery is a new concept battery for storing energy in mechanical form, it offers some attractive advantages as compared to chemical battery for EVs, such as high energy and power density, long cycle life and reduction of maintenance. Considered the high energy density of battery(Lead-acid) and the high power density of flywheel battery this paper proposed a complex energy sources for EVs based on battery and flywheel battery. Established the model of flywheel battery and proposed the charging and discharging control strategies of it. During the charging process combined Fuzzy-PI controller was used, and at the discharging process, the pulse width modulation (PWM) technique was used to control the output voltage and power of flywheel battery to meet the driving motor's requirement. The results showed that the flywheel battery had good charge and discharge dynamic response.

This paper incorporates the voltage stability view to reactive power dispatch and control problem. A multi-objective model of reactive power optimization (RPO) is established, which takes into account of power loss minimization, voltage stability margin maximization and high service quality. In order to measure voltage stability, the least singular value of converged load flow Jacobian is employed as an objective of RPO problem. In this paper, a parallel particle swarm optimization is presented and applied to reactive power optimization problem. The proposed method can keep the population diversity and overcome the premature demerit of classical PSO and modified PSO. The simulations have been carried out on IEEE 14,30 bus system and an actual power system, and the results show the good performance of the proposed algorithm

Conventional event-triggered architecture (ETA) can not meet the industry hard R-T control requirements in security field. This paper studies a hard R-T control embedded control software design mode based on TTA; discusses the task scheduling principle and mode switching method which are based on TTA; and give a series of concrete formalized description and the sequence chart of execution.

The main idea of the optimal model for power system peaking units' expansion planning considering weekly regulation pumped storage power station's operation characteristic is studying out all capable peaking units' combination schemes which satisfy the load development and the constraint condition in each year of planning period. Then the technology and economic factors of each peaking units' combination scheme are figured out and analyzed, and finally the most economic peaking units' combination scheme considering the whole system and the planning period is obtained. The proposed model is used for the optimization calculation of the HP pumped storage power station in a province. The results show that power station with weekly regulation and station with daily regulation have the same ability in substituting thermal station. Weekly regulated station has more benefit in economy and saving coal, but not so good as daily regulation in peaking. (5 pages)

This paper proposes a novel technique to forecast day-ahead electricity prices based on the wavelet transform and MPMR models. The historical and usually ill-behaved price series is decomposed using the wavelet transform in a set of better-behaved constitutive series. Then, the future values of these constitutive series are forecast using properly fitted MPMR models. In turn, the MPMR forecasts allow, through the inverse wavelet transform, reconstructing the future behavior of the price series and therefore to forecast prices. Results from the electricity market of California, US in year 1999 are reported. (6 pages)

This paper is mainly about the wind energy conversion system with a rated output of 1.2 MW which applied to the variable speed constant frequency wind energy system (VSCF). It utilizes the AC-DC-AC power converter to deliver the high-level power energy from permanent-magnet generators to the grid. As the important section of DC energy delivering link in the system, a multiple boost converter controlled by DSP with average current-control strategy is proposed and specifically analyzed in this paper. As the voltage and frequency of turbine generator's output vary along the wind speed change, the multiple boost converter is utilized to maintain constant DC link voltage level high enough for the PWM inverter to transmit energy to the network. The experimental results verify the feasibility of the multiple boost converter used in the wind energy conversion system and confirm the analysis we discussed

Objective To characterize naringenin (NAR) population pharmacokinetics (PPK) in Chinese women with primary osteoporosis. Methods Ninety-eight female patients with primary osteoporosis from the Jingshan, Beixinqiao, Jiaodaokou, Chaoyangmen, and Donghuamen communities in Beijing, China, aged 40 to 80 years, received oral Qianggu capsules (250 mg). Blood samples were collected before and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 24 h after administration. The concentration of NAR in the blood samples was measured using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. PPK analyses were performed with nonlinear mixed-effect modeling software (version 7.1.2, PsN3.2.12). The clearance (C1), central distribution volume (V), absorption rate constant (Ka1), peripheral distribution volume (VII), and inter-compartmental clearance (CLII) were set as parameters and estimated by the base model, covariate model, and final model. Kidney- Yang deficiency [Shenyangxu (SYAX)] and liver-kidney- Yin deficiency (Ganshenyinxu) are patterns of symptoms in Traditional Chinese Medicine that were set as covariates, along with age, height, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and hyperlipidemia. Both stepwise forward and backward procedures were accomplished to build models. The final model was evaluated by internal and external validation, visual predictive check, bootstrap, and leverage analysis. Results A one compartment open model with first order degradation was the best fitted to the concentration-time profiles following oral administration of NAR. The mean of population parameters of the final model, C1, SYAX on C1, V, Ka1, CLII, and VII, were measured to be 37.6 L/h, 0.427 L, 123 L/h, 0.12/h, 0.3056, and 1.446, respectively. Inter-individual variability was estimated and SYAX was identified as a significant covariate. Conclusion The population pharmacokinetic model described in this study could effectively characterize the pharmacokinetic profile of NAR following administration of a single dose of oral Qianggu capsules in Chinese women with primary osteoporosis. Among the tested covariates, only SYAX was a significant factor.