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Objective To present the case of a patient on long-term anticoagulants who developed acute spinal epidural hematoma (SEH) after percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) without signs of major cement extravasation to the spinal canal. Methods A 64-year-old woman with long-term oral antiplatelet drugs underwent the L1 PKP. Immediately after the operation, the back pain improved significantly without neurological deficit. However, 12 hours later, she developed progressive weakness of the bilateral lower limbs. No intraspinal cement leakage was obvious on the postoperative lumbar radiograph and computed tomography. Results An emergency MRI examination revealed a high signal aggregation in front of the spinal cord from T12 to L1, indicating spinal cord compression. The SEH was verified and removed during the laminectomy from T12-L1. Following the decompression surgery, the neurological deficit of the lower limbs improved. On follow-up after 6 months, the muscle strength of the bilateral lower limbs had returned to normal. Conclusion For the patient with long-term oral antiplatelet drugs or coagulation malfunction, the transpedicle approach or that via the costovertebral joint with a smaller abduction angle is recommended to reduce the risk of injury to the inner wall of the pedicle. For progressive aggravation of neurological dysfunction after surgery, SEH formation should be suspected despite the absence of intraspinal bone cement leakage. Secondary emergency decompression should be considered to avoid permanent damage to spinal cord nerve function caused by continuous compression.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) using animal models. Materials: The rat model of diabetic neuropathy was induced by intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ) at 65mg/kg. Diabetic rats were randomly divided into two groups (10 each), one treated with 0.9% saline (DMS group) and the other with interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) at 50mg/kg (DMI group) twice a day for 5 weeks. Ten normal rats matched for weight, age and sex served as normal controls (Con group) and were treated with saline. Morphologic studies of sciatic nerves were achieved using light and transmission electron microscopy. Results: Transmission electron microscopy of the sciatic nerve showed the ultrastructure of myelin and the axon in the IL-1RA group was highly protected compared to diabetic controls. Conclusions: High levels of circulating IL-1beta may be associated with the risk of DPN and anti-IL-1 treatment may provide a potential strategy for the prevention of diabetic neuropathy.

Aims To evaluate the effects of a novel, low-volume, high-intensity Progressive Resistance Training (PRT) technique on blood glucose control in elderly Chinese patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Materials and methods The PReTTy2 trial enrolled 300 male and female patients with Type 2 Diabetes in a randomized resistance training program with the bioDensity™ technique. 100 were control patients with no training intervention and 200 had resistance training. Anthropometry, biochemical parameters, HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) were measured at baseline, 3-month and 6-month intervals. Results 265 patients completed the study with no adverse events. There were no statistically significant differences in HbA1c for all patients, control and PRT groups, at baseline (p = 0.60), 3 months (p = 0.42) and 6-months (p = 0.45). Subgroup analysis with baseline HbA1c > 7.5% (58 mmol/mol), showed statistically significant differences in HbA1c and FPG between groups at 6 months (p Conclusions PRT improves glycemic indices in elderly patients with Type 2 Diabetes with poor glucose control as an adjunct to diet and medication. Progressive Resistance Training with bioDensity™ is feasible, safe and effective in elderly patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

In recent years, deep learning has gained unprecedented success in various domains, the key of the success is the larger and deeper deep neural networks (DNNs) that achieved very high accuracy. On the other side, since GPU global memory is a scarce resource, large models also pose a significant challenge due to memory requirement in the training process. This restriction limits the DNN architecture exploration flexibility. In this paper, we propose Capuchin, a tensor-based GPU memory management module that reduces the memory footprint via tensor eviction/prefetching and recomputation. The key feature of Capuchin is that it makes memory management decisions based on dynamic tensor access pattern tracked at runtime. This design is motivated by the observation that the access pattern to tensors is regular during training iterations. Based on the identified patterns, one can exploit the total memory optimization space and offer the fine-grain and flexible control of when and how to perform memory optimization techniques. We deploy Capuchin in a widely-used deep learning framework, Tensorflow, and show that Capuchin can reduce the memory footprint by up to 85% among 6 state-of-the-art DNNs compared to the original Tensorflow. Especially, for the NLP task BERT, the maximum batch size that Capuchin can outperforms Tensorflow and gradient-checkpointing by 7x and 2.1x, respectively. We also show that Capuchin outperforms vDNN and gradient-checkpointing by up to 286% and 55% under the same memory oversubscription.

Study design Clinical case series. Objective The aim of this study was to explore the efficacy and safety of one-stage debridement, autogenous bone graft, and instrumentation for lumbar brucella spondylitis (LBS) via a posterior approach. Summary of background data Reports on LBS are sporadic, and the therapeutic effect and safety of surgical interventions have not been assessed in clinical studies. Methods Between January 2012 and January 2014, 24 consecutive patients with symptomatic LBS who underwent a one-stage operation that combined debridement, autogenous bone graft, and instrumentation via a posterior approach were enrolled. Back pain was measured using the visual analog scale (VAS). The neurological status was evaluated with the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) scale. Bone healing was evaluated based on postoperative plain x-ray or computed tomography. Results All cases were followed up for an average of 14.3 + 3.5 months. The VAS scores were significantly improved at every follow-up interval. An improvement of at least one grade level was observed in the ASIA score of each patient. The average time of bone fusion was 6.8 + 1.6 months. Significant improvements of the average segmental Cobb angle was observed from a preoperative value of 18.4° + 4.6° to a last follow-up value of 21.1° ± 3.7°. At the last follow up, the titers of antibodies against the standard tube agglutination test, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein were negative for all patients. Conclusion For LBS, systemic antibrucellosis chemotherapy is the cornerstone of treatment. When cauda equine syndrome, radiculopathy, spinal instability, and severe back pain caused by extradural nonabsorbable abscess or progressive collapse are present, surgical intervention is inevitable. One-stage debridement, autogenous bone graft, and instrumentation via a posterior approach could represent an alternative treatment for LBS, and the efficacy and safety of these techniques are satisfactory. Level of evidence 4.

To propose a new measure, the height for screw index (HSI), as a predictor of C2 nerve dysfunction in patients who have received posterior C1 lateral mass screw (C1LMS) fixation for atlantoaxial instability and to examine whether the HSI scores correlated with the development of C2 nerve dysfunction through retrospective analysis of 104 C1LMS inserted in 52 patients with atlantoaxial instability. The medical records of patients who underwent C1LMS fixation were retrospectively reviewed. C1LMS, 3.5 mm in diameter, was inserted for atlantoaxial stabilization. The sagittal plane of the planned C1LMS trajectory was reconstructed from CT images. The HSI was defined as the difference in height between C2 ganglion and its corresponding foramen. C2 nerve function was assessed using a validated visual analog scale questionnaire. Each foramen receiving C1LMS was considered as a single unit and patients were categorized to group 1, HSI ≥4.0 mm; group 2, HSI

To quantify the dimensions of the atlas pedicles and to analyze the relationship between extra medullary height (EMH) with intra medullary height (IMH) of the atlas pedicle.The images of the patients who had CT scanning and three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction involving atlantoaxial complex between June 2011 and April 2012 and meet our inclusion criteria were studied retrospectively. After reformatting the original images, the EMH and IMH of the atlas pedicles were measured.Extra medullary height and IMH were, respectively, 4.83 ± 1.13 and 1.29 ± 1.10 mm for males and 3.75 ± 0.93 and 0.60 ± 0.83 mm for females, with statistical difference (P0.05). EMH and IMH had some correlation (correlation coefficient r = 0.804) but showed a large variability. Of 240 pedicles of 120 cases, 47.92% (115 pedicles) were ≥1 mm; 12.08% (29 pedicles) were between 0 and 1 mm; and 40% (96 pedicles) were 0.The EMH and the IMH of the atlas pedicles were measured by using CT images of the atlas, providing anatomic parameters for surgery. They showed a certain correlation but with a high variability. C1 pedicle screw fixation was well performed when the medullary canal was ≥1 mm, but the surgical procedure should be careful when it was between 0 and 1 mm, and avoided when there was no medullary canal in the atlas pedicle! So 3D CT reconstruction should be conducted to obtain data and establish individualized fixation strategy preoperatively.

Due to illumination variations, cast shadows, and pavement stains, etc., traditional optical imaging has limitations in capturing and representing pavement cracks. In this work, laser imaging techniques are used to model the pavement surface with point clouds, where crack points hold relatively lower range values than their non-crack neighbors. To extract cracks from laser range images, a two-level grouping approach is proposed. First, local grouping is performed by a novel segmentation-based path voting algorithm. The proposed path voting is equipped with an adapted normalized-cut algorithm which purposely bi-partitions an image patch along the potential crack path. Then in a global grouping, crack seeds are sampled and fed into a graph representation, in which spanning tree and tree pruning algorithms are employed to extract the final cracks in a global view. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Study designBiomechanical analysis of a novel prosthesis based on the physiological curvature of endplate was performed.ObjectiveTo compare the biomechanical differences between a novel prosthesis based on the physiological curvature of the endplate and the Prestige LP prosthesis after cervical disc replacement (CDR).Summary of background dataArtificial disc prostheses have been widely used to preserve the physiological function of treated and adjacent motion segments in CDR, while most of those present a flat surface instead of an arcuate surface which approximately similar to anatomic structures in vivo. We first reported a well-designed artificial disc prosthesis based on the physiological curvature of the endplate.MethodsThree motion segments of 24 ovine cervical spines (C2-5) were evaluated in a robotic spine system with axial compressive loads of 50N. Testing conditions were as follows: 1) intact, 2) C3-4 CDR with artificial disc prosthesis based on the physiological curvature of the endplate, and 3) C3-4 CDR with the Prestige LP prosthesis. The range of motion (ROM) and the pressures on the inferior surface of the two prostheses were recorded and analyzed.ResultsAs compared to the intact state, the ROM of all three segments had no significant difference in the replacement group. Additionally, there was no significant difference in ROM between the two prostheses. The mean pressure on the novel prosthesis was significantly less than the Prestige LP prosthesis.ConclusionROM in 3 groups (intact group, CDR group with novel prosthesis and CDR group with Prestige LP) showed no significant difference. The mean pressure on the inferior surface of the novel prosthesis was significantly lower than the Prestige LP prosthesis. Therefore, the novel artificial disc prosthesis is feasible and effective, and can reduce the implant-bone interface pressure on the endplate, which may be one possible reason of prosthesis subsidence.

A novel electromagnetic induction detector with two inductors for CE was described here. The two inductors were used as signal detection and reference, respectively. The parameters affecting the detector performance (including coil turns, detection distance, excitation frequency, voltage, etc. ) were optimized. Under the optimum condition, the feasibility of the detector was examined by analyzing inorganic ions. The fabricated detector showed good linear relationship between the response and the analytes concentrations, with a detection limit of 13 μmol/L for Na + (S/N = 3). A variety of advantages, such as simple construction, ease of operation, and considerably universal response, suggested this novel detector a promising application prospect in analytical area.

The high frequency hybrid technique based on an iterative Physical Optics (PO) and the method of equivalent current (MEC) approach is developed for predicting range resolution of the Radar Cross Section (RCS) in the spatial domain. We introduce the hybrid high frequency method to simulate range resolution of the extremely large target in the near zone. This paper applies this method to simulate the range resolution of the two 1 m×1 m plates and the ship. The study improves the spced of simulating the range resolution of the extremely large target and is prepared for the application of the extrapolation and interpolation in the spatial domain.

In enterprise's performance appraisal, it's inevitable to meet organizational justice problems that will affect the implementation of performance appraisal and the exact validity of the evaluation results. This paper analyzes the source of three kinds of organizational justice which staff felt, then point out the positive and negative impact on performance appraisal in enterprise. On the basis, this paper put forwards a model to illustrate the source of organizational justice in performance appraisal. It indicates the main source of distributive justice is assessment results, procedural justice is a fair assessment methods, and interactive justice is the assessor. Finally, it comes up with four proposals to improve the organizational justice in performance appraisal in enterprise: Assessment should based on job performance; think highly of the assessment methods, try to increase its scientific rationality ; advance the quality of the assessor, and enhance the communication; set up a correct understanding of the performance appraisal in staffs.

In order to resolve the problem of difficult designing the layout in dynamic logistics network, a logistics' designing method based on Matthew effects was put forward out in the paper. Firstly, the economic effect in the growth process of logistics network was analyzed, then, the attachment formula came with the growth of the network; based on it, the growth process of adding nodes and edges was discussed, and the clustering coefficient was arrived to balance the degree of the nodes. Case study showed that the logistics' designing method is reasonable.

The coherent Raman mixing spectra from individual micrometer-sized droplets of ethanol and of water consist of regularly spaced peaks that correspond to the morphology-dependent resonances of a spherical droplet. In contrast, the coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering spectra from droplets exhibit no morphology-dependent peaks. Both results are explained by the spatial overlap of the enhanced internal field distributions and by the phase-matching conditions associated with the droplet.

Asymmetrically broadened line shapes observed in the stimulated Raman and elastically scattered spectra from a CS(2) droplet are manifestations of phase modulation by means of the intensity-dependent index of refraction. Unique features of the droplet morphology in enhancing the internal fields at the input and Stokes wavelengths and in prolonging the decay time of the waves within the droplet, which acts as an optical cavity, are discussed.

Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) from an individual liquid droplet (~30-microm radius) has been observed for H(2)O, D(2)O, and ethanol. The occurrence of a series of spectrally narrow peaks that are regularly spaced in wavelength is consistent with morphology-dependent resonances of the droplet, which acts as an optical resonator. The input intensity required to achieve the SRS threshold for the droplet is considerably less than that for the liquid in an optical cell.

In order to make the laser diode of optical disk drive works reliably and stably , this paperproposes a driving and protecting circuit and a laser power feedback control system which can almost eliminate the influence of component parameter change and power voltage fluctuation. 1 Introduction In an optical drive, the laser diode is one of the most expensive and flexible components and the laseris used to transfer the information between the disk and the drive. So it is a key problem to ensure the laserdiode working reliably and stably. The output power of a laser diode is affected by the temperature change,as shown in Fig. 1. In order to adapt to the change of laser power caused by temerature and environmentalchange, a feedback control of laser power must be used. This paper proposes a laser power circuit whichensures the laser diode working reliably and stably. 2 Laser diode driving and protecting circuit Fig. 1 I-P curves of laser diode 182 ISPIE Vol. 2053 Third International Symposium

A simple and precise mathematical model of critical-angle focus error detection method isproposed in this paper. Factors which affect the focus error signals are analysed and the curveof focus error signals with different parameters are given. The improvement of optical gain is also discussed. 1 Introduction The principle of critical-angle focus error detection' is shown in Fig. 1. When the laser beam is justfocused onto the disk media , the reflected beam is collimated by the objective lens and symmetricallydistributes at the detector plane , there is no electrical output. When defocus exists , the laser beam beforethe critical-angle prism is either divergent or convergent , the upper and the lower half of the laser beam isincident onto the critical-angle plane with an angle greater or smaller than the critical angle , causing theintensity uneven on the detector plane. The electrical output is then amplified to drive the objective lens to focus. Comparing with other focus error detection methods, the critical- angle method is simple in

When dye-doped ethanol droplets are irradiated with an intense pulsed laser beam, the resulting laser emission from individual droplets highlights the liquid-air interface. Photographs of the lasing droplets in the micrometer size range taken in a single 10-nanosecond laser pulse clearly show the dynamic changes in droplet size, shape, and orientation.

Preliminary studies on laser emission from individual ethanol (~30-μm radius) droplets doped with rhodamine 6G dye have been reported.1 Two striking features of this emission were (1) the existence of spectrally narrow peaks and (2) a substantially lowered lasing threshold. Both of these features are the result of optical feedback at specific resonant wavelengths, which occurs as a consequence of whispering gallery modes or more accurately morphology-dependent resonances of the internally generated fluorescence radiation.