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Background Topotecan is an anti-cancer chemotherapy drug with common side effects, including hepatotoxicity. In this study, we aim to investigate the mechanisms of topotecan-induced hepatocellular injury beyond conventional DNA damage. Materials and methods Methyl Thiazolyl Tetrazolium (MTT) assay was used to detect the inhibitory effect of topotecan on cell proliferation. Western blot was used to detect protein expression. Flow cytometry assay was performed to determine apoptosis rate under topotecan treatment. ASCT2 overexpression was addressed using adenovirus vector. qRT-PCR and western blot assay were used to detect the expression of ASCT2. Glutamine uptake, intracellular glutathione (GSH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level were detected by glutamine detection kit, GSH detection kit and ROS detection kit respectively. Results MTT results showed that topotecan had an inhibitory effect on cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in both L02 and HepG2 cell lines. Topotecan inhibited the expression of glutamine transporter ASCT2 and the uptake of glutamine in both L02 and HepG2 cell lines. The uptake of glutamine and the GSH level was increased in both L02 and HepG2 cell lines after ASCT2 overexpression. The ROS level was inhibited by ASCT2 overexpression upon topotecan treatment in both L02 and HepG2 cell lines. Topotecan-induced hepatocellular apoptosis and proliferation inhibition were attenuated by ASCT2 overexpression in both L02 and HepG2 cell lines. Conclusion Topotecan-induced hepatocytes death is dependent on ASCT2 down-regulation, which causes oxidative stress via inhibiting GSH production.

Objective: Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) requires pneumoperitoneum (Pnp) and a steep head-down position that may disturb respiratory system compliance (C (rs)) during surgery. Our aim was to compare the effects of different degrees of neuromuscular block (NMB) on C (rs) with the same Pnp pressure during RARP. Methods: One hundred patients who underwent RARP were enrolled and randomly allocated to a deep or moderate NMB group with 50 patients in each group. Rocuronium was administered to both groups: in the moderate NMB group to maintain 1–2 responses to train-of-four (TOF) stimulation; and in the deep NMB group to maintain no response to TOF stimulation and 1–2 responses in the post-tetanic count. Pnp pressure in both groups was 10 mmHg (1 mmHg=133.3 Pa). Peak inspiratory pressure (P (peak)), mean pressure (P (mean)), C (rs), and airway resistance (R (aw)) were recorded after anesthesia induction and at 0, 30, 60, and 90 min of Pnp and post-Pnp. Surgical space conditions were evaluated after the procedure on a 4-point scale. Results: Immediately after the Pnp, P (peak), P (mean), and R (aw) significantly increased, while C (rs) decreased and persisted during Pnp in both groups. The results did not significantly differ between the two groups at any of the time points. There was no difference in surgical space conditions between groups. Body movements occurred in 14 cases in the moderate NMB group and in one case in the deep NMB group, and all occurred during obturator lymphadenectomy. A significant difference between the two groups was observed. Conclusions: Under the same Pnp pressure in RARP, deep and moderate NMBs resulted in similar changes in C (rs), and in other respiratory mechanics and surgical space conditions. However, deep NMB significantly reduced body movements during surgery.

This paper designs the SPI interface module in the baseband chip of the dual mode satellite navigation receiver based on the AMBA bus, and this paper is based on the first edition of the baseband chip accepted by the Science and Industry Corp. This design provides the IP core of SPI for the SoC using the LEON series processor and uses the TMR on register transfer level and evaluates the final results after the reinforcement. The results of verification and evaluation show that the SPI master designed by this paper can communicate normally based on the AMBA bus, and the SPI master after reinforcement can resist SEU to a certain extent and improve its stability in the space radiation environment.

// Di Wang 1, * , Xin-lu Yang 1, * , Xiao-qing Chai 1 , Shu-hua Shu 1 , Xiao-lin Zhang 1 , Yan-hu Xie 1 , Xin Wei 1 , Yu-jing Wu 2 , Wei Wei 2 1 Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei 230001, China 2 Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China * These authors have contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Xiao-qing Chai, e-mail: xiaoqingchai@163.com Keywords: dendritic cells, flurbiprofen, PGE2, esophageal carcinoma, esophageal resection surgery Received: October 21, 2015 Accepted: February 14, 2016 Published: February 24, 2016 ABSTRACT The present study evaluated whether flurbiprofen increased the naturally circulating dendritic cells (DCs) subsets in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) undergoing esophageal resection. Compared to healthy donors (n=20), the significantly depressed percentages of plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), CD1c + myeloid DCs (mDCs), and CD141 + mDCs among ESCC patients (n=60) were confirmed. Flurbiprofen was administered before skin incision and at the end of operation in group F (n=30), as well as placebo in group C (n=30). The postoperative suppressed percentages of pDCs, CD1c + mDCs, and CD141 + mDCs increased significantly following the perioperative treatment with flurbiprofen. Flurbiprofen also significantly stimulated the postoperative IFN-f and IL-17 production, but inhibited the immunosuppressive IL-10 and TGF-β levels. Furthermore, flurbiprofen exerted a similar analgesic effect and brought a significantly less sufentanil consumption compared to group C. Taken together, flurbiprofen provided a short-term increase of postoperative naturally circulating DCs in ESCC patients.

Objective: To investigate the expression of long-chain non-coding RNA MINCR (LncRNAMINCR) and Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 (CDK2) mRNA in primary hepatocellular carcinoma, and to analyze the relationship between its expression and clinical pathological parameters and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods: Seventy-five surgically resected primary hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and paracancerous tissues were selected. Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of LncRNA-MINCR and CDK2 mRNA in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and adjacent tissues. The relationship of clinicopathological parameters and prognosis between hepatocellular carcinoma and LncRNA-MINCR and CDK2 mRNA were analyzed. Pearson correlation coefficient describes the correlation between LncRNA-MINCR and CDK2 mRNA. Results: The expression of LncRNA-MINCR and CDK2 mRNA in primary hepatocellular carcinoma tissues was higher than that in the adjacent tissues [(5.51±0.62) vs (1.62±0.51), (4.52±0.73) vs (1.85±0.95), P0.05). LncRNA-MINCR expression was associated with TNM staging, lymph node metastasis, and cirrhosis (P Conclusion: The expression of LncRNA-MINCR and CDK2 mRNA in primary hepatocellular carcinoma tissues increased significantly. The two play a synergistic role in the invasion, invasion and metastasis of hepatocarcinoma cells. High expression of LncRNA-MINCR and CDK2 mRNA indicates poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Introduction: Most chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients in China are primitively treated with a combination of lamivudine (LAM) and adefovir dipivoxil (ADV). Although antiviral resistance can be avoided with this combination therapy, using it can have harmful side effects related to ADV, specifically kidney and bone injury. This study was designed to compare viral suppression and kidney safety when switching LAM and ADV combination therapy de novo to entecavir (ETV) monotherapy in patients with CHB and compensated hepatic cirrhosis. Materials and methods: In total, 360 CHB and compensated liver cirrhosis patients who received treatment of LAM and ADV combination therapy for more than 1 year were included in this study. One hundred and eighty patients continued combination therapy to serve as a control group and the other 180 patients were switched to ETV monotherapy to serve as the experimental group. The total course of therapy was 3 years. Laboratory studies were done every 3 months to measure liver and kidney function. Studies included glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), HBV-DNA, urine β2-microglobulin (β2-M) and retinol binding protein (RBP). Results: In the experimental group, an HBV-DNA level below 20 IU/ml was found in 77.65%, 85.88%, and 94.77% in years 1, 2, and 3, respectively. In the control group, HBV-DNA levels were below 20 IU/ml in 69.66%, 75.42%, and 85.80% in years 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Low HBV-DNA levels in the experimental group were significantly less common than in the control group on the second and third year; P values were 0.009 and 0.006 for years 2 and 3, respectively. The cumulative genetic mutation rate was 3.49% in the experimental group and 8.88% in the control group (P=0.044). Decreases in eGFR more than 30% from baseline were found in 0%, 0.56%, and 1.74% of patients in the experimental group and 4.49%, 9.14% and 14.79% in patients in the control group in the first, second, and third year, respectively. Serum creatinine more than 50 μmol/L above baseline was found in 0%, 0% and 1.74% of patients in the experimental group and 1.12%, 4.00% and 5.32% of patients in the control group in years 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The urine β2-M and RBP levels were abnormal more often in the experimental group than in the control group. Conclusion: Switching to ETV monotherapy can decrease HBV-DNA levels, reduce the genetic mutation rate, and prevent renal damage caused by LAM and ADV combination therapy in patients with CHB and compensated liver cirrhosis. Patients receiving LAM and ADV combination therapy de novo should be switched to ETV monotherapy immediately.

Introduction Anti-TPO receptor (anti-c-Mpl) antibodies exist and could affect rhTPO treatment in ITP. Materials and methods Anti-c-Mpl autoantibodies and TPO levels were measured in serum from 187 ITP patients and 59 healthy controls. The anti-c-Mpl-antibody-positive (anti-c-Mpl+) and anti-c-Mpl-antibody-negative (anti-c-Mpl−) IgG from ITP patients were assessed on megakaryocyte proliferation, polyploidy, apoptosis, and platelet release with rhTPO treatment. Results Anti-c-Mpl antibodies were detected in 54/187 ITP patients but in none of the controls. ITP patients with anti-c-Mpl antibodies had higher serum TPO levels, but lower megakaryocyte and platelet counts compared with anti-c-Mpl− patients. Antibodies targeting platelet glycoprotein (GP) were also more frequently identified in anti-c-Mpl+ ITP patients. Moreover, patients with anti-c-Mpl antibodies were less responsive to rhTPO treatment than patients without anti-c-Mpl antibodies. Additionally, the anti-c-Mpl antibody titer decreased in ITP patients following treatment. In vitro study, lower megakaryopoiesis, platelet generation and percent of polyploidy were observed in anti-c-Mpl+ group compared with the anti-c-Mpl− group in the presence of rhTPO. Conclusions Our findings demonstrated that the anti-c-Mpl antibody represents a novel indicator of poor prognosis and may be a potential therapeutic target in ITP.

A wideband and circularly polarized (CP) substrate integrated cavity-backed patch antenna is proposed. This antenna has a wide-beam radiation pattern. The half power beam-width (HPBW) is 154° and the axial ratio (AR) below 5.8dB is more than 229° in both $\mathbf{phi}=\pmb{0^{\circ}}$ and $\mathbf{phi}=\pmb{90^{\circ}}$ planes, which has a large potential for CP wide-angle scanning phased array. The impedance bandwidth with SII $ is more than 23%. An $\pmb{8 X 8}$ planar phased array based on the antenna element is designed. The simulated results show that the main beam can scan from -60° to + 60° with 3dB gain fluctuation and from -80° to + 80° with 6.5dB gain fluctuation. Meanwhile, the AR is smaller than 3dB within the scanning range from -60° to + 60°, and smaller than 6dB within scanning range from -80° to + 80°.

Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a major proinflammatory receptor and its role in atherosclerosis has only been emphasized recently. Increasing evidence has demonstrated an association between RAGE and the susceptibility to atherosclerosis development. Therefore, the role of RAGE in atherogenesis and the possible impact of genetic variations in RAGE on the atherosclerotic process in subjects with coronary artery disease (CAD) was investigated in the present study. The RAGE expression in carotid specimens was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and sequence variations of the RAGE gene selected from the Hapmap database were also screened. The plasma levels of S100 calcium binding protein B (S100B) were determined by ELISA. Immunohistochemical staining of tissue samples demonstrated an increased RAGE expression in atherosclerotic carotid plaques compared with that in normal arteries. Furthermore, compared with the corresponding wild-type genotype, the rs2269422 single-nucleotide polymorphism of RAGE was associated with the susceptibility of patients with CAD to atherosclerosis. Furthermore, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses indicated increased coronary artery RAGE mRNA levels and protein expression, respectively, in CAD patients vs. control subjects. Furthermore, the plasma levels of S100B in CAD patients that were carriers of the AA/AT genotype of the rs2269422 variant of RAGE was increased compared with that in TT genotype carriers; as this was also identified in control subjects, it may not be CAD-specific. The RAGE rs2269422 variant is therefore significantly associated with an increased occurrence of CAD in the present Han Chinese population. Thus, RAGE variants significantly impact the risk of CAD in Han Chinese subjects.

Background: Delayed puberty can result either from constitutional delay of growth and puberty (CDP) or idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH). Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulation test has been generally accepted as a current method for diagnosing delayed puberty. The objective of this research was to assess the cut-off values and the efficacy of GnRH stimulation test in the diagnosis of delayed puberty in both males and females. Methods: A study of 91 IHH, 27 CDP patients, 6 prepubertal children, and 20 pubertal adults was undertaken. Blood samples were obtained at 0, 30, 60, and 120 min after GnRH administration and the levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured. For each parameter, the sensitivities and specificities were estimated, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed. Results: The ROC curves indicated that a serum basal LH

In this study reliability theory was applied in evacuation time of pedestrians in the subway, especially taking the correlation of pedestrian speed and pedestrian flow coefficient into account. Firstly, the traditional evacuation time design formula was regarded as research model. Statistical distribution of pedestrian speed and pedestrian flow coefficient in the model was analyzed .Thus the reliability limit state equation was built. Then the evacuation time’s reliability probability was obtained according to the checking point method of generalized random space. At last the process of how different factors influence the reliability was analyzed. Results show that we should consider the correlation between pedestrian speed and export flow rate when correlation is big (absolute value is greater than 0.5, for example).Our conclusions will contribute to related research and the formulation of actual planning.

In the optical fiber communication system of high-speed and large capacity, the dispersion is one of the main technical indicators. The dispersion causes the light pulse broadening, so it leads to the distortion of signal transmission and BER (bit error rate). The main research is the single-mode optical fiber dispersion compensation. The design and performance of system structure on the dispersion compensation fiber communication system is accomplished by using of the optic system optical fiber communication system simulation. Through the analysis of system structure and the research of the performance of the key components of the system, the output signal waveform is simulated and the influence of the output signal waveform by the system structure and key components performance of the receiving end is compared. The design can reduce the system dispersion.

In order to improve the printing quality and know the process of ink transferring well, ink flowing among ink rollers is simulated by using CFX. Firstly ink transferring characteristics between two rollers are analyzed. An experiment is carried out to test the accuracy of this simulation analysis. Then ink transferring characteristics among three and five rollers are analyzed respectively. The general characteristics of ink transferring among rollers are got by comparing the velocity of ink flowing, ink pressure and ink transfer ratio from those simulations. What is more, the accuracy of the simulation analysis is verified by experiment. And this research provides a reference to general characteristics of ink transferring in the actual printing process, and its important for the printing color quality control and has a better application prospect.

This paper proposes an improved LVRT control strategy based on PIR controller for grid-connected photovoltaic system under asymmetric voltage sag fault. First, the PIR current controller is designed in the positive synchronous frame without the need to decompose the positive and negative sequence components and the dynamic adjustment method for the current-reference calculation is given in order to gain a constant active power. And then, the principle how control strategies switching between the one in normal state and the other one in fault state is revealed in detail. Finally, simulations and experiment test on a 500kVA grid-connected photovoltaic inverter verify that this control strategy achieves good dynamic performance and it improves the PV inverters’ capacity of riding through asymmetric voltage sag fault effectively.

In complex systems like flight control systems etc., reliability is as important as performance. In order to improve the reliability of flight control system (FCS), the fault- tolerant technique was adopted. Three parts of the FCS which are Flight Control Fault Tolerant Computer, Redundancy sensor and Servo-actuator have been explored. The key techniques have been solved, such as Redundant Disposition, Synchronism of the Redundant Channels, Data link and Communication of Channels, etc. The experimental results show that the system meets with the fly control system’s demand of reliability.

The paper presents the low cost redundancy interface applied in distributed servo system of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV).Digital bus and analog dual-redundancy control interface is implemented, it can switchs to analog interface automatically when the digital bus works abnormally, the reliability and the antijamming capability of servo system are made to be promoted. CAN bus is chosen to be the UAV digital bus after analyzing the distributed servo system structure and servo equipments work condition. The operating principle of redundancy interface is expatiated, the hardware interfaces and the software process are provided，and the communication network performance is also analyzed. Both ground test and flight test indicate that the redundancy interface works steadily, CAN bus channel can switch to analog channel fast and smoothly, it can meet the needs of UAV flight control system.

Ethnopharmacological relevance Bazhengsan is a commonly used traditional Chinese prescription for the treatment of the urogenital system diseases for thousands of years, which decoction was first described in Prescriptions of the Bureau of Taiping People's Welfare Pharmacy in Song Dynasty. Aim of the study In this study, the potential of modified Bazhengsan (mBazhengsan) as a chronic bacterial prostate inflammation inhibitor was investigated in a rat model. Materials and methods Rat prostates were injected with Escherichia coli to induce inflammation by the sterile operation. The decoction of mBazhengsan was administered intragastrically once every day from the seventh day of modeling. After 8 weeks, prostates were lavaged with phosphate buffer saline (PBS) and lavages were collected to use for leukocyte and lecithin body count, and then prostate tissues were removed to detect prostate weight, prostate index and microbiological analyses. Prostate histopathological changes were detected by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and masson staining. Bacterial growth in prostate was evaluated by the numbers of tissue culture colonies. The levels of interleukin (IL)-8, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a in serums and secretory immunoglobulin (SIg)-A in prostate fluids as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in prostate tissues were detected by analysis kits. Results Compared with model group, treatment with mBazhengsan could significantly inhibit the recruitment of leukocyte to prostate tissues and the deposition of collagen fibers in stromas, suppressed bacterial growth in prostate tissues, decreased the numbers of leukocyte and lecithin body in prostate fluids, lowered prostate index, down-regulated the levels of inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, IL-8 and TNF-a) in serums and up-regulated the levels of SIgA in prostate fluids, and reduced the production of free radical in prostate tissues. Conclusion mBazhengsan can significantly suppress rat prostate inflammation and oxidative stress reaction, showing great therapeutic potential to the chronic bacterial prostatitis.

This paper will discuss the design methods of the programmable sample-encoder in the telemetry system, and compare the advantages of the design methods due to the development of the nowadays micro-electronics technology. To fulfill the requirements of combination, seriation, universalization and miniaturization for the equipments on the craft, the design of the programmable sample-encoder in the telemetry system adopts the CPLD control mode. This paper introduces in detail the main function of the CPLD realized in the programmable sample-encoder and the design method of CPLD. The performances of the sample-encoder such as bit-rate, format and so on can be programmable by using CPLD, meantime, the design input, verification and function-simulation can be realized by using the advanced EDA.

Electric bus is different from traditional bus. Its operation scheduling is constrained by the charge time, discharge time and driving range. On the base of full consideration of the electric bus driving range and charging time, the electric bus scheduling model is built. Then a genetic algorithm is selected to solve the model. Finally, an electric bus route in Zibo City is taken as an example, to adopt modeling and solving. The results verify the applicability of the model and algorithm.

Based on the traditional DSR Protocols have obvious drawbacks such as low packet delivery rate and high routing overhead in the signal intensive UAV network. This paper introduces an improved DSR protocol（Restrict-DSR）. The new DSR protocol can save the space of node routing memory and reduce the routing overhead by limiting the maximum hop count of route request. Simulation results by NS2 show that the RE-DSR has improved the packet delivery ratio and decreased the average of packet end-to-end delay and routing overhead comparing with the conventional DSR Protocols in the signal intensive UAV network.

In order to reduce the chance of wellflow and prevent well blowout accident that gets out of control in Xinjiang oilfield, considering the statistical data of the factors that influence the drilling blowout, a model of evaluating drilling blowout risk to Xinjiang oilfield drilling and geological environment based on fuzzy mathematics is established. The drilling blowout risk of each oilfield area in Xinjiang oilfield area has been ranked, and the result indicates that both the nanyuan piedmont tectonic exploratory development area and the kelameili gas field are the highest drilling blowout risk areas. This paper suggests that the well control ranking management should be implemented in the Xinjiang Oilfield. Various well control measures should be made according to different drilling blowout risk, and the risk ranking of drilling blowout should be included in well control design.

ATC provides a systematic approach in solving decomposed large scale systems that has solvable subsystems. However， complex engineering system usually has a high computational cost , which result in limiting real-life applications of ATC based on high-fidelity simulation models. To address these problems, this paper aims to develop an efficient approximation model building techniques under the analytical target cascading (ATC) framework, to reduce computational cost associated with multidisciplinary design optimization problems based on high-fidelity simulations. An approximation model building techniques is proposed: approximations in the subsystem level are based on variable-fidelity modeling (interaction of low- and high-fidelity models). The variable-fidelity modeling consists of computationally efficient simplified models (low-fidelity) and expensive detailed (high-fidelity) models. The effectiveness of the method for modeling under the ATC framework using variable-fidelity models is studied. Overall results show the methods introduced in this paper provide an effective way of improving computational efficiency of the ATC method based on variable-fidelity simulation models.

The newly broadcast GPS L2C signal will be extensively used due to its superiority. In order to acquire L2C signal fast in a dual-frequency GPS receiver, this paper firstly discusses two traditional acquisition algorithms, then proposes and implements a new algorithm based on the fixed phase relationships among C/A code, CM code and CL code and the fixed relationships of Doppler shift between the L1 channel and L2 channel. The experimental result demonstrates that the new acquisition algorithm can speed up the acquisition process substantially. It also suits other dual-frequency navigation receivers.

Freightcar’s running gear springs are easily ruptured in the processes of manufacturing and using, losing the role of relaxing vehicle vibration, and resulting in accident. It is time to study the automatic recognition of springs defects based on image processing technology. Defects recognition is on the premise of accurate spring image location. An image location algorithm for the freightcar’s running gear springs is proposed in this paper, which is based on the structure characteristics of springs themselves. The algorithm mainly includes graying the image, correcting non-uniform illumination by wavelet homomographic filtering, taking binaryzation on image based on the iterative threshold method and locating springs’ boundary location, which could be obtained by image scanning column by column and feature analysis. This algorithm can achieve the automatic positioning of springs and has a good result to locate springs in the running gear images in case of different illumination; the accuracy rate has reached 96 percent. The study of this paper lays a foundation on the realization of automatic recognition of springs defects and has good application prospects.

With ever increasing concerns on energy shortage and environment protection, the development of the battery electric vehicles (BEVs) has taken on an accelerated pace. In this paper, firstly, an AMT (Automatic Mechanical Transmission) without clutch and synchronizer used in battery electric bus is introduced. Then, the dynamics models of the shift process are created, and the factors that affect the shift performance are discussed. Finally, the AMT shift control strategy is designed and applied in the field buses. The on-road tests results show that the shift control strategy is valid and reliable, which meets the vehicle comfort and power requirements.

This paper presents an integrated complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) low power low noise amplifier (LNA) for global positioning system (GPS) receivers. To achieve low power dissipation, the MOS transistors in the proposed LNA are biased in moderate inversion region. It is implemented by SMIC 180 nm 1P6M CMOS process. The experiment results show that a gain of 12.14 dB@1.57 GHz is achieved with low noise figure (NF) of 1.62 dB. The power consumption of the circuit is 1.5 mW at supply voltage of 1.8 V. The ratio of gain to dc power consumption is 8 dB/mW. The size of the LNA is only 980 μm×720 μm including the pads.

BIT is a new technology about the system test, fault diagnosing and separating. It is more important in the design for the reliability and main tainability of system. The key technique, such as the fault tree and equation, the test location, the test signal picking and generating, the fault distinguish rule, the design of preventing error alarm and BIT software. The result showed that the key technology is useful, and the reliability, maintainability and ability of management to fault can be increased by means of BIT. The debugging of system becomes convenient. The method can be used in the system of intelligent-in-strument and industrial control computer.

Tracking objects at a distance is a problem in wide area surveillance. This paper introduces a realtime active vision system that can track a moving object from 1 to 200 meters. This visual servo system is mainly structured with three mechanical freedoms: pan, tilt and zoom. An eagle eye mechanism is proposed to obtain a wide field of view and high resolution on the target. A fusion scheme has also been developed that combines the results of the three separate zoom cameras to detect and track remote targets. A high performance pan-tilt unit and an algorithm of high frequency motor control are proposed to achieve smooth tracking. The experiments of tracking a person walking outdoors and indoors have been carried out. The results show that this system is valid for tracking in a wide area.

Combining the current situation of China's domestic software enterprises, the cost driving factors of COCOMO model is improved to enhance the the accuracy of the estimate results by the fuzzy matrix method in this paper. In virtue of fuzzy matrix and fuzzy linear transformation, not only the fuzzy comprehensive ablity’s quantitative value is got, but also sigle fuzzy ability’s quantitative value is got. The type of software personnel can be distinguished by comparing the fuzzy integrated ability assessing valur of software personnel with pre-set threshold, enhancing the the accuracy of the estimate results.

Endothelial dysfunction is related to reduced arterial elasticity in patients with essential hypertension. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), an important endogenous repair approach for endothelial injury, is altered in hypertensive patients. However, the association between alteration in circulating EPCs and hypertension-related reduced arterial elasticity has not been reported. The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between alteration in circulating EPCs and hypertension-related reduced arterial elasticity. We measured the artery elasticity profiles including brachial-ankle PWV (baPWV) and C1 large and C2 small artery elasticity indices in patients with essential hypertension (n = 20) and age-matched normotensive subjects (n = 21). The number and activity of circulating EPCs isolated from peripheral blood were determined. Compared to normotensive subjects, the patients with hypertension exhibited decreased C1 large and C2 small artery elasticity indices, as well as increased baPWV. The number of circulating EPCs did not differ between the two groups. The migratory and proliferative activities of circulating EPCs in hypertensive patients were lower than those in normotensive subjects. Both proliferatory and migratory activities of circulating EPCs closely correlated with arterial elasticity profiles, including baPWV and C1 large and C2 small artery elasticity indices. Multivariate analysis identified both proliferative and migratory activities of circulating EPCs as independent predictors of the artery elasticity profiles. The present study demonstrates for the first time that impaired activity of circulating EPCs is associated with reduced arterial elasticity in patients with hypertension. The fall in endogenous repair capacity of vascular endothelium may be involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension-related vascular injury.

CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg) play the critical role in maintenance of peripheral immune tolerance. However, the numbers of naturally occurring Treg (nTreg) that can be isolated from periphery are far too small to be clinically effective. The isolation and expansion of nTreg for treatment of autoimmune diseases encounter great difficulties. Whether autoantigen-specific Treg could be converted from CD4+CD25− T cells in patients with autoimmune diseases has not been reported. Here, we demonstrated that platelet glycoprotein (GP)–specific induced Treg (GP-iTreg) could be generated de novo from nonregulatory CD4+CD25−CD45RA+ cells in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and induced both antigen-specific and linked suppression. GP-iTreg mediated regulatory effects via modulating the T cell–stimulatory capacity of dendritic cells. By investigating the gene expression profile of iTreg-modulated dendritic cells, we provided a genome-wide assessment of the changes induced by antigen-specific iTreg and identified that the Toll-like receptor, Notch and transforming growth factor-β signaling pathways were related to the GP-specific tolerance, with the Toll-like receptor pathway being dominant. The findings in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura will facilitate our understanding of the mechanisms of induction and maintenance of autoantigen-specific tolerance and highlight the considerable potential of antigen-specific iTreg for targeted immunotherapy in human auto-immune diseases.

Objective: To analyze the clinical results of simultaneously combined anterior and posterior surgery for severe thoracolumbar fracture dislocations, and to clarify the surgical indications for these high-energy injuries. Methods: Thirty-four patients with severe thoracolumbar fracture dislocations were managed with simultaneously combined anterior and posterior surgery. The injured segments included the following: T11 (2 patients), T12 (5), L1 (1), L2 (8), L3 (5), L4 (2) and L4 and L5 (1). When classified according to the Magerl Classification, the breakdown was as follows: 12 A3 injuries, 2 B1, 2 B2, 12 C1 injuries, 4 C2, and 2 C3. Clinical data, including operative procedures, neurological changes, postoperative CT scans and sequential radiographs, was collected and analyzed. Thirty-two patients were followed up for an average of 13 months (range, 6–60). Results: Operative time ranged from 180 to 320 min with a mean of 230 min. Intraoperative blood loss ranged from 900 to 2400 ml with a mean of 1200 ml. According to the classification of the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA), neurological status improved at least 1 grade in all of the 24 patients who had an incomplete paralysis preoperatively. Satisfactory decompressions, reductions and reconstructions were obtained and well maintained in all patients at all intervals of follow-up. Conclusion: For severe thoracolumbar fracture dislocations that cannot be effectively treated with either an anterior or posterior approach alone, simultaneously combined anterior and posterior surgery is a reliable method that can achieve a sufficient decompression, reduction and reconstruction.

This paper presents an innovative process scheme to fabricate convex corner in silicon for bulk micro-machined micro-mirror. This method combines deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) with anisotropy wet KOH etching process, with corner compensation structures. Using this method, proper mechanical structure, including about 650μm deep silicon recess with flat, silicon — residue free bottom, V-grooves, and U-grooves are realised simultaneously in single wafer.

Thin silicon diaphragms are often used to realize various MEMS components such as beams, hinges, springs, and actuators. Such structures required different silicon film thickness to meet the given objectives. This paper presents a process technique for the realisation of thin silicon structures with two different thicknesses simultaneously by single etching method. This is usually difficult to realize by single process method. To achieve desired p-n junction depths at the target structures, the process incorporates varied dopant concentration with different drive-in cycles. Using four-electrode electro chemical etching in aqueous KOH solution, the thickness of silicon is precisely controlled.

A linearly polarized wire antenna has been proposed. This antenna has wide-beam radiation patterns. The half-power beamwidth (HPBW) is 150° in the E-plane and 130° in the H-plane. The proposed antenna has a simple structure with compact size of 0.5 λg × 0.1 λg and low profile of 0.05 λg (λg is the waveguide wavelength at the operating frequency). The compact structure makes it easy to be integrated with RF circuits. A nine-element E-plane linear-phased array is constructed to demonstrate its potential application in wide-angle scanning phased array. The array can scan its main beam from –75° to 75° with a low gain fluctuation and has been experimentally verified. Measured results show a good agreement with the simulation.

Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS) results from massive necrosis orapoptosis of large proliferating tumors and is characterized by marked hyper uricemia, hyperkalemia, and hyper phosphatemia secondaryto cell lysis and the metabolism of excessive nucleic acids. Clinically significant TLS, with end-organ compromise, occurs in approximately5% of all patients with hematologic malignancies and in up to 25% of highrisk patients, including those with T-cell acute lymphoblasticleukemia and Burkitt’s lymphoma. TLS is a phenomena frequently occurs after the initiation of therapy, while spontaneous TLS occurringin the absence of chemotherapy, is rare but might portend a worse prognosis. We present a case of spontaneous TLS treated successfullywith continuous renal replacement therapy and increasing-dosegradually chemotherapy in a boy with T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia.

Non-Functional (NF) requirement is very important for the success of a software service. Considering that there could be multiple services implementing a same function, it is crucial for software providers to understand the real NF demands from consumers so that they can meet these demands and attract users. It is also crucial for consumers to know what is being offered so that they can pose realistic NF requests. We address both issues here by proposing a NF requirement analysis and recommendation system which works for both providers and consumers. NF requirements from various sources are first collected, and then we apply the factor analysis technique to identify those independent latent factors which contribute to those observable NF values. Finally we use cluster analysis to summarize the popular NF demands. Our experiment result shows the effectiveness of this approach.

Evaluating the power consumption of cache in an early time is very important for designer to judge their system whether meets the constraints of power. An improved cache power model is proposed to simulate the peak power of cache according to the system parameters. Compared with the traditional power model, it additional supports leakage power, routing power, and multi-port cache. Process scaling technology is also introduced to extend the available scope of the model. The results of experiments prove the accuracy of the power model. Basing on this power model, a runtime power simulation platform is proposed. It will help designer to research the power consumption of cache when special program is running.

A miniaturized high frequency (HF) inverted-V log-periodic dipole antenna (LPDA) which is composed of thin metal wires and mounted over lossy ground is optimally designed using genetic algorithm together with numerical electromagnetic codes (NEC). The simulation results indicate that the optimized antenna behaves well in its operating frequency of 6–30MHz.

Cervical necrotizing fasciitis and a descending mediastinal abscess of the neck following acute epiglottitis, life-threatening complications, is reported in a 43-year-old man with DM. The bacterial culture showed Peptostreptococcus anaerobius. The patient recovered after surgical debridement and broad-spectrum antibiotics therapy.

To investigate the effect of AP on tumor necrosis factor, interleukin −6 and Interleukin −8 during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Forty New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into five groups(n = 8), sham group(group A), myocardial ischemia reperfusion group(group B), Complex Danshen tablets group(group C), AP low dose group(group D), AP high dose group(group E). The concentrations of serum TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 were detected. The result shows that the level of TNF-α increased obviously in 30 minutes after myocardial ischemia and after reperfusion in groups C, D, E, but less than that in group B (P

Due to the advantages of high efficiency, zero emission and good drivability, the battery electric vehicles (BEVs) promise to be one of the best choices to replace the oil fueled vehicle. In this paper a solution for the development of a control system for AMT (Automatic Mechanical Transmission) equipped in battery electric bus is presented. The system is based on multi-layered architecture that includes two high-level layers and further subdivided into some low-lever layers. The standardized applications interfaces (API) are employed to implement the interlayer interaction. The modular design approach is used during the development process. The system is developed by C language and MATLAB/Simulink/Stateflow toolset and uses Real-Time Workshop tool to generated ANSI C source code. The system is reusable, extensible, and flexible. It is applied in the buses and on-road tests show its correctness, efficiency, reliability.

Image fusion quality assessment method based on Error-sensitive Model was seen as the issue of the fidelity of the image signal rather than fidelity of image information.Because they didn't consider the human visual characteristics,they are inconsistent with the subjective evaluation.In this paper,based on SSIM algorithm,considering the fidelity of image information,it will combine the structural and content similarity of fused images and source images,use low-level visual perception information which contain luminance and contrast masking effects as the image content similarity weight,and the mutual information that fused image obtained from source image as the content information weight to calculate with the SSIM,proposes the quality assessment of image fusion based on image content and structural similarity IC_SSIM (Image Content based SSIM, IC_SSIM).The experiment results show that IC_SSIM algorithm is more consistent with human visual characteristics than PSNR,and is better than SSIM in resolution and accuracy.

Three community-based surveys recruited 4,310 injection drug users (IDUs) in China from 2004 to 2006. Of the participants, 54.4% were ≤ 3-year new IDUs; 63.9% reported injecting more than two times daily; 31.5% shared needles in the last six months; 37.4% shared equipments in the last month; 30.2% reported their regular sex partners injected drugs; and 23.5% had commercial sex, with 52.2% reporting no condom use during last sex. The risky injection practices (sharing needles/equipments and high injection frequency) were less frequent among new IDUs, emphasizing that effective prevention needs to identify and intervene with IDUs early on. The study's limitations are noted.