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Background For patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC), it is unclear whether neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy-induced pathologic complete response (pCR) individuals would further benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT). Methods The pCR individuals who received different ACT cycles were paired by propensity score matching. Overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), local recurrence-free survival (LRFS), and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) were calculated by Kaplan–Meier and log-rank test. Results In total, 1041 pCR individuals were identified from 5567 LARC cases. Specifically, 303 pCR cases had no ACT treatment, and 738 pCR patients received fluoropyrimidine-based ACT (median, 4 cycles) treatment. After 1:3 propensity score matching, 297 cases without ACT treatment were matched to 712 cases who received ACT treatment. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that pCR individuals treated with or without ACT had the similar 3-year outcome (OS, DFS, LRFS and DMFS) (all P > 0.05). Moreover, the pCR patients received different ACT cycle(s) (0 vs. 1–4 cycles, 0 vs. ≥5 cycles) had comparable 3-year OS, DFS, LRFS and DMFS (all P > 0.05). In stratified analysis, ACT treatment did not improve 3-year survival (OS, DFS, LRFS and DMFS) for the baseline high-risk (cT3–4/cN1–2) subgroup patients (all P > 0.05). Conclusion ACT, which did not improve survival, is unnecessary to neoadjuvant treatment-induced pCR LARC patients. Trial registration 2019ZSLYEC-136 (24-6-2019).

PURPOSE: It is a challenge to evaluate the maintenance of medial and lateral soft tissue balance in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This study aimed to determine the “isoheight” points and the “isoheight” axis (IHA) that can measure constant medial/lateral condyle heights during flexion of the knee, and compare the IHA with two major anatomical axes, the transepicondylar axis (TEA) and the geometric center axis (GCA). METHODS: Twenty-two healthy human knees were imaged using a combined MRI and dual fluoroscopic imaging system while performing a single-legged lunge (0°−120°). The isoheight points of the medial and lateral femoral condyles were defined as the locations with the least amount of changes in heights during the knee flexion; an IHA is the line connecting the medial and lateral isoheight points. The measured changes of the condyle heights using the IHA were compared with those measured using the TEA and GCA. RESULTS: Overall, the IHA was posterior and distal to the TEA, and anterior to the GCA. The isoheight points measured condyle height changes within 1.2±2.3 mm at the medial and 0.7±3.3 mm at the lateral sides during the knee flexion. Between 0° to 45°, the condyle height changes measured using the GCA (medial: 3.0±1.8 mm, lateral: 2.3±2.0 mm) were significantly larger than those of the IHA and the TEA (p

BACKGROUND: The combination of bortezomib, melphalan, and prednisone is a standard treatment for patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma who are ineligible for autologous stem-cell transplantation. Daratumumab has shown efficacy in combination with standard-of-care regimens in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. METHODS: In this phase 3 trial, we randomly assigned 706 patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma who were ineligible for stem-cell transplantation to receive nine cycles of bortezomib, melphalan, and prednisone either alone (control group) or with daratumumab (daratumumab group) until disease progression. The primary end point was progression-free survival. RESULTS: At a median follow-up of 16.5 months in a prespecified interim analysis, the 18-month progression-free survival rate was 71.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 65.5 to 76.8) in the daratumumab group and 50.2% (95% CI, 43.2 to 56.7) in the control group (hazard ratio for disease progression or death, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.38 to 0.65; P

Background The motion capture has been used as the usual method for measuring movement parameters of human, and most of the measuring data are obtained by partial manual process based on commercial software. An automatic kinematics data process was developed by programming on MATLAB software in this paper. Methods The motion capture measurement of healthy volunteers was carried out and the MATLAB program was used for data process. Firstly, the coordinate data of markers and anatomical points on human lower limb measured by motion capture system were read and repaired through the usual and the patch program. Meantime, the local coordinate systems of human femur and tibia were established with anatomical points. Then flexion/extension, abduction/adduction and internal/external rotation of human knee tibiofemoral joint were obtained by special coordinate transformation program. Results Using the above methods, motion capture measurements and batch data processing were carried out on squatting and climbing stairs of 29 healthy volunteers. And the motion characteristics (flexion/extension, internal/external rotation and adduction/abduction) of the knee joint were obtained. For example, the maximum internal/external rotation in squatting and climbing stairs were respectively was 30.5 degrees and 14 degrees, etc. Meantime, the results of this paper also were respectively compared with the results processed by other research methods, and the results were basically consistent, thus the reliability of our research method was verified. After calibration processing, the compiled MATLAB program of this paper can directly be used for efficient batch processing and avoiding manual modeling one by one. Conclusion A novel Patch Program of this paper has been developed, which can make reasonable compensation for missing and noise signals to obtain more complete motion data. At the same time, a universal data processing program has also been developed for obtaining the relative movement of various components of the human body, and the program can be modified for detail special analysis. These motion capture technologies can be used to judge whether the human body functions are abnormal, provide a reference for rehabilitation treatment and design of rehabilitation equipment, and evaluate the effectiveness before and after surgery.

Impact sensors are widely used to detect grain losses in harvesters. Using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) films as sensing elements is a promising way to improve sensor performance due to their high sensitivity, stability, and flexibility. However, the overlap of collision signals significantly reduces the accuracy of a sensor. To solve this problem, a novel impact sensor with two crossed PVDF films was designed and investigated. This sensor has two orthogonal layers of sensing elements that both respond to impacts, which creates positioning information for the impacts. Because of the sensor’s structure, a signal processing method was designed based on multisensor fusion theory. Tests were performed to verify the performance of the proposed impact sensor. The average signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) for impacted PVDF films were 34.79 and 20.23 dB, respectively, for the upper and lower layers, while the average signal-to-clutter ratios (SCRs) for nonimpacted films were 21.90 and 10.05 dB, respectively. The sensor also has an extremely high detection efficiency of at least 1528 collisions per second and can identify particles that impact at the same time. Keywords: Grain loss detection, Impact sensors, Multisensor fusion, Particle impact tests, PVDF films.

The double revolving fiber positioning unit (FPU) is one of the key technologies of The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscope Telescope (LAMOST). The positioning accuracy of the computer controlled FPU depends on robot accuracy as well as the initial parameters of FPU. These initial parameters may deteriorate with time when FPU is running in non-supervision mode, which would lead to bad fiber position accuracy and further efficiency degradation in the subsequent surveys. In this paper, we present an algorithm based on deep learning to detect the FPU’s initial angle using the front illuminated image of LAMOST focal plane. Preliminary test results show that the detection accuracy of the FPU initial angle is better than 2.°5, which is good enough to distinguish those obvious bad FPUs. Our results are further well verified by direct measurement of fiber position from the back illuminated image and the correlation analysis of the spectral flux in LAMOST survey data.

Rapid and on-site detection of bacteria is an important food safety issue. Impedance biosensor has been more popular due to low cost, ease of miniaturization, and label-free operation. With the popularity of smart phones, low-cost and miniaturized detection devices are more and more widely used. Meanwhile, the development of Internet of things (IoT) technology makes biosensors access each other on the Internet possibly. In this study, we reported an IoT based portable impedance biosensor for rapid detection of foodborne pathogens, which includes a well-designed interdigital electrodes cartridge, a sensitive impedance readout circuit, a Wi-Fi communication module and a website for measurement and data cloud server, which is based on Aliyun IoT platform. The impedance readout circuit will stimulate the electrode and send results through Wi-Fi module to server and display on the website. Escherichia coli was chosen as the target to evaluate the system. The result was then compared with the commercial instrument (Solartron 1260+1294). The evaluation results show that the impedance detection error of this system is less than 5%, and the limit-of-detection (LOD) is about 104 CFU/mL. It indicates that this IoT based portable detection system has a promising prospect in rapid on-site foodborne pathogen detection.

In this paper, the image automatic recognition technology is used to preprocess the images of digital ammeter and digital voltmeter dial, determine the digital boundary, correct and tilt images, and then use single digital segmentation and recognition, so as to realize the function of automatic identification of digital ammeter and digital emammeter. This paper develops a robust system for automatic identification of digital ammeter and digital voltmeter. The recognition of character, number and the condition of the two is also studied, and a series of recognition processes, serial classifier, is designed. Design of rough classifier;Design of rough classifier neural network for radial basis function probability;Training algorithm;Denial of recognition standards;Design subdivision class. Experiments show that the recognition rate reaches 98%, which is feasible.

With the further development of power electronic devices, matrix converter has many excellent properties. As high power factor converter equipment, matrix converter will have a great potential for its development. After reviewing the current situation from both domestic and abroad, this paper describes the key technology of Matrix Converter, including topology, modulation strategy and commutation problems. Finally make a summary of matrix converter operation’s enhancement and improvement of the ability of the method in abnormal conditions.

In view of current network RFID reader, a solution is given based on LWIP and FreeRTOS in this paper. FreeRTOS is chosen as its operating system . LWIP is chosen as its network protocol, which can upload the RFID card number to the server as soon as getting the new RFID card number. LWIP and FreeRTOS are free and open source code so that we need not consider the use of copyright issues.Also,STM32F107VC based on the framework of Cortex-M3 is selected as the RFID reader processor and DP83848 chip produced by TI is used as the network card in the hardware solution.

In this paper, we presented an algorithm for NLOS error mitigation based on adaptive Kalman filter with colored measurement noise. To eliminate NLOS error which induced by TOF-based distance measurements, a colored noise model is firstly established according to measurement noise and the filter parameters are adjusted dynamically based on the severity of NLOS environment. Then combined with adaptive Kalman filtering algorithm, the NLOS error mitigation process is adjusted in real time in order to obtain optimal estimation. The simulation experiments show that the algorithm has small error and high precision and is suitable for real-time dynamic location systems.

The sensor nodes in WSN are generally limited in energy, and the communication between nodes consumes most power. Therefore, it is the key point to reduce energy consumption and network traffic when designing routing protocols for WSN. The Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) protocol is a widely used and studied WSN routing protocol. In this paper, an improved LEACH based on energy-consumption optimization (LEACH-EO) was proposed against the deficiencies of LEACH. LEACH-EO implemented some improvements on the cluster-head selection of LEACH, meanwhile, the data redundancy of WSN was exploited to optimize the data transmission according to the characteristics of WSN. The simulation results show that LEACH-EO increases network lifetime and reduces energy consumption in comparison to LEACH.

Drawing on empirical evidence from a case study conducted in the upper Mekong catchment, this article assesses the performance of the Erhai Lake Basin Management Commission, an organization mandated to control pollution and integrate the diverse interests of those individuals and communities living and working near Erhai Lake. Clear local rules, strong enforcement, practical protocols, clear responsibilities and extensive mobilization have been crucial to the success of this small river basin organization. However, the insufficient involvement of numerous important stakeholders in decision-making processes has decreased the commission’s capacity to address water issues.

In order to achieve the series connection of insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs), resistor-capacitor-diode (RCD) snubber circuit, which was chosen for active voltage sharing, was analyzed by mathematical methods, then the RCD snubber circuit parameters were modeled and proved by PSpice simulations. Based on optical fiber transmission and M57962L, the drive circuit and fault feedback circuit controlled by digital signal processor (DSP) were designed to drive 32 series connected IGBTs and for overcurrent and short circuit protection. The maximum break-over time in 32 IGBTs was 90 ns, while failure protection completion time was 6 s. Eight independent isolated sources were designed for the isolation voltageof 50 kV. Based on the above research achievements, the 32 IGBTs series connected circuit can work safely under the voltage of 20 kV.

Background: Current imaging modalities are inadequate in preoperatively predicting regional lymph node metastasis (RLNM) status in rectal cancer (RC). Here, we designed support vector machine (SVM) model to address this issue by integrating epithelial–mesenchymal-transition (EMT)-related biomarkers along with clinicopathological variables. Methods: Using tissue microarrays and immunohistochemistry, the EMT-related biomarkers expression was measured in 193 RC patients. Of which, 74 patients were assigned to the training set to select the robust variables for designing SVM model. The SVM model predictive value was validated in the testing set (119 patients). Results: In training set, eight variables, including six EMT-related biomarkers and two clinicopathological variables, were selected to devise SVM model. In testing set, we identified 63 patients with high risk to RLNM and 56 patients with low risk. The sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy of SVM in predicting RLNM were 68.3%, 81.1% and 72.3%, respectively. Importantly, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that SVM model was indeed an independent predictor of RLNM status (odds ratio, 11.536; 95% confidence interval, 4.113–32.361; P

A network attack audit system which includes network attack audit Agent, host audit Agent and management control center audit Agent is proposed. And the improved multi-agent technology is carried out in the network attack audit Agent which has achieved satisfactory audit results. The audit system in terms of network attack is just in-depth, and with the function improvement of network attack audit Agent, different attack will be better analyzed and audit. In addition, the management control center Agent should manage and analyze audit results from AA (or HA) and audit data on time. And the history files of network packets and host log data should also be audit to find deeper violations that cannot be found in real time.

Due to the randomicity of wind power energy, the voltage flicker of power grid will occur when large-scale wind power connected to the power grid. By constructing its predict-filter and update-filter, a method to detect the flicker based on adaptive lifting wavelet transform is proposed in the paper. In order to adaptively select the wavelet function and match the signal feature better, an updation/prediction adaptive lifting wavelet transform is proposed. In the method, an adaptive updation/prediction lifting scheme is designed to realize adaptive updation and prediction respectively by using the local gradient information of original signal and minimum prediction error. Simulation results show that the method can track voltage flicker rapidly, exactly and real-timely.

By introducing the regulation of nervous-endocrine-immune net into the research of wind-power yaw control system, and designing an artificial intelligent yaw controller based on the nervous-endocrine-immune regulatory mechanism of the organism. The controller received the environmental information by artificial immune system and to make the appropriate yaw control .We can get the feedback of control performance by artificial nervous and endocrine system. The adjustment can be inherited through genetic algorithm to ensure that the yaw system of self-learning and adaptive ability. Efficiency of the method was verified on a wind turbine mode using MATLAB. Compares with the fuzzy PID and the traditional PID, results show that the controller has more efficient in terms of the stability and robustness.

In this paper, an even low-magnification by light solar concentrator with the use of the spherical mirror's refraction is designed. The calculation of the concentration ratio and the volume of the concentrator are given, and the concentrator on the unit inter-shading problem is discussed. The relationship between incident angle and optical efficiency is analyzed, and solar concentrator tracking control mode is designed in this article. The simulation experiment results show that this spherical refraction solar concentrator is able to be applied to ensure the condenser unit to absorb ray intensity as five times as the ratio one under the conditions of mutual non-shading.

Objectives The objectives of the study are to understand the current practice of informed consent in medical research in public hospitals in Shanghai, and to share our views with other countries, especially developing countries. Methods In the study, 145 consent forms (CFs) of the selected research projects in eight public hospitals with ethics committees in Shanghai were audited, and the principle investigators (PIs) of these research projects and 40 student subjects who had participated in clinical drug tests were surveyed by questionnaires. Results The CFs of medical researches in public hospitals with ethics committees in Shanghai were generally acceptable. However, there were some defects in the CFs. Although most of the surveyed PIs had correct recognition of informed consent, some processes of informed consent were not in accordance with generally accepted requirements. A large number of the PIs considered the greatest difficulty with informal consent was lack of correct recognition of subjects or legally authorised representatives on medical research. Discussion Informed consent in medical research should consider the research ethics, the background of potential subjects, the local resources and culture of medical research. In addition, special protection is needed for student subjects in informed consent as well as efforts for building and restoring the public9s trust in biomedical research. Conclusion The informed consent in Shanghai9s public hospitals with ethics committees was generally acceptable and the achievement of adequate informed consent is influenced by many factors.

In this paper, an in-depth study on the recognition mechanism (identification experts) and behavioral function simulation is made, and a design method has been developed -----Image recognition mechanism. The research results and methods are expounded. At the same time, experiments are carried out on the above design methods. The effectiveness and feasibility of this design have been proved by experiments. Furthermore, the design of the expert observer is carried out. The design of artificial intelligent character recognition machine. Its ability to recognize complex background images has a high success rate, which has been proved by experiments, and its adaptive ability is very strong.

Background: It is important to predict patients with rectal cancer responding well to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT). Numerous studies have yielded inconsistent results regarding the relationship between pretreatment CEA level and the response to nCRT in patients with rectal cancer. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of these studies to define the relationship between them. Methods: A literature search of all major databases was performed. A total of 14 previously published eligible studies including 3,705 cases were identified and included in this meta-analysis. Results: Normal CEA (

In this paper, a novel method is proposed to estimate the distance between sensor nodes based on a statistical model of GMM, which is established with the offline RSSI values, called RSSI-D. In order to estimate the arguments of RSSI-D with unobserved latent variables, EM is used to calculate the arguments of RSSI-D as accurately as possible in this paper. After RSSI-D established, the probability of sub models of RSSI-D that the online RSSI values obey can be calculated by the posterior probability in Bayesian statistics. Based on the probability of sub models corresponding to the distance segment, the distance between sensor nodes can be estimated by the weighted value of distance segments. In the simulation, the accuracy is improved obviously by RSSI-D and the arguments such as K and N are provided by the simulation results

Changbei is a marginal tight-gas field in Yulin, west China. Because of high drilling costs associated with the Changbei gas field, operators focus on improving drilling performance by means of reducing drilling and tripping times. One effective way to maximize drilling efficiency is proper bit selection. This paper presents an improved bit design and successful field results from two representative sections: CB 17–2 and CB18–2, both 12.25-in. sections. Both applications were characterized by a 2500-m long directional section, usually drilled through varying formations ranging from soft abrasive to very hard, with compressive strength ranging from 7 to 20 kpsi. Three main challenges were encountered during this operation. First, when drilling the upper portion of the sections, a series of transitional hard/soft formations, such as abrasive sandstone/siltstone and claystone, were encountered, which generated extensive vibrations and decreased the rate of penetration (ROP). Secondly, the long soft claystone intervals and frequent thin but very abrasive sandstone stringers in the lower part of the section not only increased bit balling potential, but also created premature cutter wear and loss of aggressiveness. The third challenge using a polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bit in this area related to drilling the whole section in fewer trips and maximizing the ROP to reduce drilling costs. To overcome these challenges, extensive geological research was performed within the 12.25-in. section of the Changbei gas field. Then, an improved bit design proposal was implemented, which consisted of three aspects:apply new cutter technology to the bits,optimize the bit design based on directional and formation challenges, anddevelop optimum drilling parameters. Based on field results, this approach set both ROP and interval records compared to offsets and helped the operator save 3.26 drilling days_one trip and one bottomhole assembly (BHA) in Section CB17–2. Drilling efficiency for both sections was enhanced by more than 20% compared to offset wells. Furthermore, for both sections, the bit used exhibited improved dull conditions compared to offsets.

OBJECTIVE: To examine telomerase activity and its clinical significance in human gastric carcinoma and to evaluate the feasibility of non-radioisotopic TRAP (telomeric repeat amplification protocol) assays to detect telomerase activity. METHODS: Telomerase activity in tissue samples from 58 gastric carcinomas (and their matched normal tissues), 12 gastric adenomas and nine gastric ulcers was examined by using a modified non- radioisotopic PCR (polymerase chain reaction)-based TRAP assay. RESULTS: Forty-nine of 58 gastric cancer specimens were positive for telomerase activity, with a positive rate of 84.5%. In contrast, none of the normal tissues exhibited telomerase activity (P < 0.001). One of each of the 12 gastric adenomas and nine gastric ulcers was also positive. The prevalence of telomerase activity in gastric carcinoma tissues was not correlated with age, tumor diameter, histological grade, tumor invasion depth, lymph node metastasis or tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage. CONCLUSIONS: Telomerase activity could be a good diagnostic marker for the detection of gastric carcinoma. The non-radioisotopic TRAP assay is a feasible method for detecting telomerase activity.

The traditional data integration technology can’t meet the requirements of timely accessing to updated data, while the publish/subscribe mechanism can support the dynamic, asynchronous and many-to-many communication between loosely coupled systems, getting the participants of the communication completely eliminated in space, time and control flow. This paper, through research on data integration technology and information distribution middleware technology, has designed and realized a DDS and XML-base data integration model applied to distributed network. This model achieves a data-centric publish/subscribe communication mechanism with advantages of flexible, loosely coupled and easy scalability, etc.

To the problem of hostile service brought by node anonymity in P2P system, this thesis proposes a reputation aware resource finding algorithm. This algorithm is based on routing indices (RIs) algorithm and adopts the conception of reputation to efficiently restrain the deceiving behavior of hostile nodes in P2P system and reduce the messages load in the system, which can ensure the reliability and safety of the services. Simulation results show that the resource search schemes presented in this thesis not only reduce the searching cost and decrease the latency to locate resources in P2P system effectively, but also provide content-based query and ensure the safety of the whole system.

To study the recognition of off-line handwritten Chinese character, a kind of decision-making information system is constructed. The character feature is considered as condition attribute, and the true value of character samples is regard as decision attribute. A heuristic algorithm of the attribute reduction based on variable precision rough set is presented for reducing the redundancy features. The attribute importance is defined based on β approximation dependence, it is taken as heuristic information in that algorithm. In the case of no rule can be fully matched in the process of recognition, to improve the identifiability and correct classification rate of handwritten Chinese character, a kind of rules fusion method based on weighted rules confidence is proposed. The experiment results show that the method is feasible and effective.

The total theory of plasticity was employed in this paper to analyze the strain and stress of the cold hole-flanging on mid-thick metal sheet. An equation to calculate the lip thickness was introduced. Through comparing the results obtained from the presented equation with experimental values, it found that theoretical and experimental results were in strong agreement with each other.

Power supply is significant in the design of robot control system. A power design aiming at the requirement of wheeled mobile robot system is introduced in the paper. With battery pack used as input, the power circuit supplied multi-channel voltage outputs through step-up and step-down processes by the composition of switching regulator and linear regulator to meet different voltage requirements of the system while featuring high efficiency. With battery reverse protecting, switch debouncing and voltage monitoring function applied in the circuit, the design ensured system a stable operation while protecting the circuit hardware. The power design also has a certain range of applications in other control systems which requiring multi-channel voltage supplies.

Concurrent real-time component is the basic unit of time-critical software on the distributed platform and trustworthy design is a continuing challenge to designers. This paper presents a reliable actor-oriented design for concurrent real-time component by separating data-related functionality and time-related interaction among components. Actor-oriented component is an encapsulation of parameterized actions performed on input data to produce output data and can be composed hierarchically. We introduce a notion of actor-oriented semantics framework to ensure interaction expressiveness among components.

A solar tracking approach based on fisheye images is proposed. First, processing the (H, S, I) components, the high light areas are enhanced. Then the sun areas are recognized according to the contour, offset and magnitude of transformed areas; the sun's azimuth and altitude angle is derived from the sun area barycentre. Experimental results show that our proposed approach can not only located the sun orientation accurately in ordinary environment, but it is also workable under occlusion and image distortion.

Communication network equipped with optical fiber has been widely applied in the main 110kV/35 kV and above power grid in the electric industry. But the urban distribution network below 35kV has not developed into a sound pattern. Ad-hoc network featured with low power consumption, low operating cost, good fault tolerance and high reliability is now a new trend in the distribution communication. An improved routing protocol based on the AODV, which is named “LQ-AODV” is put forward for Ad-hoc network that is suitable for the urban distribution grid. By evaluating the quality of link, a qualitied routing is picked up by LQ-AODV as the communication path. In this way, the problem of defective realtime performance due to the deficiency of link evaluation is solved. This Ad-hoc network and LQ-AODV routing protocol has been tested in Huangshan Power Supply Company. It proves that it is an effective method in the distribution communication.

Dispatcher Training Simulator (DTS) is a computer system of digital simulation to the power system by using computers.The design and realization of the interaction function of the DTS baseded on WEB is a very important part of the DTS system.Because using the standard of J2EE in the interaction function of the DTS based on WEB ,it makes that the program has very good transplantability and extensibility.

Using the mode of intelligent predictive control, the feature of distributed fieldbus system and the method of intelligent predictive control can be integrated, control action among subsystems can be cooperated correctly, but there are coupling problems among control software of subsystems. Designing these software based on component technology, the coupling problems of control software can be solved, algorithmic reuse of distributed control system can be improved.

Real-time embedded systems are core issue related to information technology and own huge application demand. This paper presents a service-oriented design methodology that reduces complexity by separating data-related computational parts and interaction among components. Architectures are composed hierarchically to manage embedded models and achieve real-time actor and architecture reuse. We introduce a notion of supervisor to manage the architecture and discuss how to aggregate individual componentpsilas computation into a well-defined composite computation from a view of interaction semantics contract. A component-oriented hierarchically real-time quality analysis and processing control system of manufacturing data in Kunming Iron & Steel Co, Ltd.(KISC) is implemented to prove the feasibility and flexibility of our methodology.

The article analyses the gas explosion accident in coal mine based on the fault tree principle, obtaining the basic factors of the accident, and building a fuzzy evaluation model to make the prediction analysis for the coal mine production safety. In this paper, an algorithm is proposed, and its validity and practicability have been proved on predicting the gas safety accident in the coal mine.

In allusion to the actuality that the samples of influence factors on gas emission rate are few now, this paper gives out a predicting method for mine gas emission based on support vector machine (SVM) theory, building a SVM model of mine gas emission from nonlinear forecasting. Comparing to the other forecasting methods, the result shows that this model has more precision.

Along with the continual, healthy and fast development of our national economy, the road infrastructure construction maintains the tendency of high-speed development. The highway even has big progress whose main body is national main line system. Especially since 1998, the annual investment in national highway has been over hundred billion yuan, and road construction has reached a new historic level in recent years. The country requests that in 2007 the national main line should be constructed into highway completely. However, because the geological condition in Chinese western area is complex (above 90% of it is mountainous area), highway construction and development face a series of challenges. The comparatively outstanding things among them are: First, the cost of road construction is very high (the highest can reach 50 to 60 million yuan per kilometer), which is 3 to 5 times of the construction inland; Second, it is difficult to build, the proportion of bridges and tunnels is more than 50 percent in some highway construction; Third, more than 90% road construction projects exceed budgetary estimate, some of which exceed it at more than 30%, so it is more difficult to control the investment. Through the analyses of influent factors and difficulties of the highway construction investment control in Chinese mountainous areas, this article suggests a management system of highway construction investment control which is suitable in the mountainous area, and carries on analyses of a real example.

A novel high precision low-voltage low-power CMOS voltage reference operating in subthreshold region is presented. With a power supply voltage of 1.0V, the temperature coefficient of circuit designed with standard 0.5mum CMOS technology is 66.7ppm/degC for a temperature range of -40 degC to 125degC and an output voltage which is 225mV within plusmn1.4%.The power supply current of the whole circuit is less than 4muA. A study of gate-source voltage behavior with respect to temperature in subthreshold MOSFETs is also presented

Comparators using hysteresis were widely used in IC design. The paper first introduces the design of the conventional comparator using hysteresis and its disadvantage for the low-threshold compare. Then a novel low-threshold comparator using hysteresis is developed. The threshold and width of the new comparator can be reduced to the mV range, the resolution and the dynamic characteristics are also good. Finally, a typical application of the new comparator using hysteresis is given for the AC-DC control circuit. Its threshold is 50mV and width is 20mV

The analysis of the vibration responses of a fruit is suggested to measure firmness non-destructively. A wooden ball excited the fruits and the response signals were captured using an accelerometer sensor. The method has been well studied and understood on ellipsoidal shaped fruit (watermelon). In this work, using the finite element simulations, the applicability of the method on watermelon was investigated. The firmness index is dependent on the mass, density, and natural frequency of the lowest spherical modes (under free boundary conditions). This developed index extends the firmness estimation for fruits or vegetables from a spherical to an ellipsoidal shape. The mode of Finite element analysis (FEA) of watermelon was generated based on measured geometry, and it can be served as a theoretical reference for predicting the modal characteristics as a function of design parameters such as material, geometrical, and physical properties. It was found that there were four types of mode shapes. The 1st one was first-type longitudinal mode, the 2nd one was the second-type longitudinal mode, the 3rd one was breathing mode or pure compression mode, and the fourth was flexural or torsional mode shape. As suggested in many references, the First-type spherical vibration mode or oblate-Prolate for watermelon is the lowest bending modes, it's most likely related to fruit firmness. Comparisons of finite element and experimental modal parameters show that both results were agreed in mode shape as well as natural frequencies. In order to measure the vibration signal of the mode, excitation and sensors should be placed on the watermelon surface far away from the nodal lines. The excitation and the response sensors should be in accordance with vibration directions. The correlations between the natural frequency and firmness was 0.856, natural frequency and Young's modulus was 0.800, and the natural frequency and stiffness factor (SF) was 0.862. The stiffness factor (SF) is adequate expression for the Modulus of Elastic (MOE), and adopted in the evaluation of their firmness.

The laws of gray distortion of machine vision system were discussed, and a method for gray calibration was presented. Five standard templates with unanimous gray value were used as the research objects. The average gray values of X direction and Y direction of the standard template images were obtained according to row and column. The gray distortion models were developed with moving average model of two image pixels. The models of five standard templates were developed separately, and the correlation coefficients of each model were above 0.96. The parameters of the gray distortion model were independent to the templates themselves. The gray calibration models of row and column were developed based on the gray distortion models separately, and the image gray values of other templates were proportion to the true value after gray calibration with the gray calibration models. The test verified the method.

A new set of current sensing device is designed used for a precision assembly robot's joint motor's current feedback in order to improve the output torque's feature of the joint motor. It uses Hall current sensor to sense the current, modulates the simulated voltage into the PWM (Pulse Width Modulating) wave for anti jamming translation, counts the wave form with an ISA card and reads the wave in real-time by the control IPC. So the joint motor's current closed loop of the robot is found. The subsequent calibration experiment depicts the device's feature and works out the fitting curve's equation of the calibration points. The sensing device has the advantage of simple structure, low cost, and good anti-disturbance feature.

To analyze the internal faults, the multi loop model of synchronous generators, based on the multi loop method, is introduced in this paper. Using this model, the main protection configuration schemes for two 135 MW generators and two 700 MW three gorges generators with different stator winding arrangements are analyzed in detail. These design examples reveal that the main protection configuration scheme must be based on the analysis and simulation of possible slot and end faults.

The wireless sensor network WSN generally includes a large amount of cheap embedded equipment powered by battery. Therefore, the WSN is restricted in the aspect of resource dissipation. When designing WSN it is one of the core problems to optimise the power dissipation in order to lengthen the network life. In real-world usage, nodes of WSN are often densely distributed because nowadays the hardware cost of sensor nodes is relatively low. The net topological structure can be optimised by taking advantage of the data redundancy brought out by extra nodes. Thus we present a Self-Adaptive Sleep Scheduling SASS algorithm against the energy-conserving problem of high-density WSN on the basis of a classic topology control algorithm: ASCENT. We improve the state transition mechanism of ASCENT and take the data redundancy into consideration. Through the experiments, it is proved that SASS is more energy efficient and improves the stability.

To ensure power system safety and reliability, it is important to know whether or not corona occurs at the end of insulators, or in the region of the intense field of HV apparatus. This paper gives the ultrasonic characteristics for both DC positive corona and DC negative corona, which could be useful in diagnosing the insulation states of insulators and HV apparatus by an ultrasonic method.

A silicon (SiNW) nanowire device, made by the bottom-up method, has been assembled in a MEMS device for measuring stress in cantilevers. The process for assembling a SiNW on a cantilever has been introduced. The current as a function of the voltage applied to a SiNW have been measured, and the different resistances before and after cantilever releasing have been observed. A parameter, ?, has been derived based on the resistances. For a fixed sample, a linear relationship between ? and the stress in the cantilever has been observed; and, so, it has been demonstrated that the resistance of SiNW can reflect the variation of the cantilever stress.