Author: "Vito, Lampasona" / Topic: business.industry - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

57 results on '"Vito, Lampasona"'

1. No Evidence of Long-Term Disruption of Glycometabolic Control After SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Author: Rita Nano, Andrea Laurenzi, Marina Scavini, Vito Lampasona, Amelia Caretto, Patrizia Rovere Querini, Fabio Ciceri, Raffaella Melzi, Cristina Tresoldi, Lorenzo Piemonti, Alessia Mercalli, Chiara Molinari, Emanuele Bosi, Laurenzi, Andrea, Caretto, Amelia, Molinari, Chiara, Mercalli, Alessia, Melzi, Raffaella, Nano, Rita, Tresoldi, Cristina, Rovere Querini, Patrizia, Ciceri, Fabio, Lampasona, Vito, Bosi, Emanuele, Scavini, Marina, and Piemonti, Lorenzo
Subjects: Blood Glucose, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Diabetes risk, endocrine system diseases, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Clinical Biochemistry, Biochemistry, Endocrinology, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, humans, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Clinical Research Article, diabetes, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, Medical record, Public health, Biochemistry (medical), nutritional and metabolic diseases, COVID-19, Fasting, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Impaired fasting glucose, Pneumonia, Hyperglycemia, Cohort, Female, business, AcademicSubjects/MED00250
Abstract: Purpose To assess whether dysglycemia diagnosed during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pneumonia may become a potential public health problem after resolution of the infection. In an adult cohort with suspected coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia, we integrated glucose data upon hospital admission with fasting blood glucose (FBG) in the year prior to COVID-19 and during postdischarge follow-up. Methods From February 25 to May 15, 2020, 660 adults with suspected COVID-19 pneumonia were admitted to the San Raffaele Hospital (Milan, Italy). Through structured interviews/ medical record reviews, we collected demographics, clinical features, and laboratory tests upon admission and additional data during hospitalization or after discharge and in the previous year. Upon admission, we classified participants according to American Diabetes Association criteria as having (1) preexisting diabetes, (2) newly diagnosed diabetes, (3) hyperglycemia not in the diabetes range, or (4) normoglycemia. FBG prior to admission and during follow-up were classified as normal or impaired fasting glucose and fasting glucose in the diabetes range. Results In patients with confirmed COVID (n = 589), the proportion with preexisting or newly diagnosed diabetes, hyperglycemia not in the diabetes range and normoglycemia was 19.6%, 6.7%, 43.7%, and 30.0%, respectively. Patients with dysglycemia associated to COVID-19 had increased markers of inflammation and organs’ injury and poorer clinical outcome compared to those with normoglycemia. After the infection resolved, the prevalence of dysglycemia reverted to preadmission frequency. Conclusions COVID-19–associated dysglycemia is unlikely to become a lasting public health problem. Alarmist claims on the diabetes risk after COVID-19 pneumonia should be interpreted with caution.
Published: 2021
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2. Rapamycin Plus Vildagliptin to Recover β-Cell Function in Long-Standing Type 1 Diabetes: A Double-Blind, Randomized Trial

Author: Alessandra Gandolfi, Sabrina Costa, Paolo Monti, Roberta Sara Catalano, Emanuele Bosi, Amelia Caretto, Vito Lampasona, Marina Scavini, Lorenzo Piemonti, Valeria Sordi, Chiara Molinari, Silvia Pellegrini, Andrea Laurenzi, Andrea Mario Bolla, Eleonora Bianconi, Elisa Borgonovo, Bolla, Andrea Mario, Gandolfi, Alessandra, Borgonovo, Elisa, Laurenzi, Andrea, Caretto, Amelia, Molinari, Chiara, Catalano, Roberta Sara, Bianconi, Eleonora, Monti, Paolo, Sordi, Valeria, Pellegrini, Silvia, Lampasona, Vito, Costa, Sabrina, Scavini, Marina, Bosi, Emanuele, and Piemonti, Lorenzo
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, medicine.medical_treatment, Clinical Biochemistry, Placebo, Biochemistry, Gastroenterology, law.invention, Placebos, Young Adult, chemistry.chemical_compound, Endocrinology, Double-Blind Method, Randomized controlled trial, law, DPP-4 inhibitors, Insulin-Secreting Cells, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Vildagliptin, Glycemic, Sirolimus, Type 1 diabetes, rapamycin, C-peptide, business.industry, Insulin, Biochemistry (medical), Recovery of Function, long-standing type 1 diabetes, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Treatment Outcome, Italy, chemistry, vildagliptin, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Glycated hemoglobin, insulin antibody, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: Aim The aim of this study was to investigate whether treatment with rapamycin plus vildagliptin restores β-cell function in patients with long-standing type 1 diabetes. Methods A phase 2, single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted in long-standing type 1 diabetes patients randomly assigned (1:1:1) to 4 weeks of rapamycin (group 2), 4 weeks of rapamycin plus 12 weeks of vildagliptin (group 3), or double placebo (group 1). The primary outcome was the proportion of participants with a positive response to the Mixed-Meal Tolerance Test (C-peptide at 90 minutes > 0.2 nmol/L) at weeks 4 and 12. Secondary end points included insulin requirement, standard measures of glycemic control, and hormonal and immunological profile. Results Fifty-five patients were randomly assigned to group 1 (n = 18), group 2 (n = 19), or group 3 (n = 18). No patient in any group showed a positive C-peptide response, and there was no significant difference at 4 and 12 weeks for the primary outcome. At 4 weeks, insulin requirement decreased from 0.54 to 0.48 U/kg/day in group 2 (P = .013), from 0.59 to 0.51 U/kg/day in group 3 (P Conclusions Rapamycin reduced insulin requirement, but did not restore β-cell function in patients with long-standing type 1 diabetes.
Published: 2020
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3. Seasonal betacoronavirus antibodies expansion post BNT161b2 vaccination associates with reduced SARS-CoV-2 VoCs neutralization

Author: Elena Bazzigaluppi, Andrea Canitano, Stefania Dispinseri, Lorenzo Piemonti, Andrea Cara, Monica Tolazzi, Cristina Brigatti, Riccardo Vercesi, Gabriella Scarlatti, Vito Lampasona, Paola Cinque, Maria Franca Pirillo, Ilaria Marzinotto, Alessandra Gallinaro, Roberta Caccia, Paul F. McKay, Donatella R.M. Negri, Fabio Ciceri, and Martina Borghi
Subjects: biology, business.industry, biology.organism_classification, Virology, Asymptomatic, Neutralization, Virus, Serology, Vaccination, Antigen, biology.protein, medicine, Antibody, medicine.symptom, business, Betacoronavirus
Abstract: SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is known to induce antibodies that recognize also variants of concerns (VoCs) of the virus. However, epidemiological and laboratory evidences indicate that these antibodies have a reduce neutralization ability against VoCs. We studied binding and neutralizing antibodies against the Spike RBD and S2 domains of the Wuhan-Hu-1 virus and its alpha and beta VoCs and of seasonal betacoronaviruses (HKU1 and OC43) in a cohort of 31 health care workers vaccinated with BNT162b2-Comirnaty and prospectively followed post-vaccination. The study of sequential samples collected up to 64 days post-vaccination showed that serological assays measuring IgG against Wuhan-Hu-1 antigens were a poor proxy for VoCs neutralization. In addition, in subjects who had asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 prior to vaccination the loss of nAbs following disease can be rapid and protection from re-infection post-vaccination is often no better than in naïve subjects. Interestingly, in health care workers naïve for SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccination induced a rapid and transient reactivation of pre-existing seasonal coronaviruses IgG responses that was associated with a subsequent reduced ability to neutralize some VoCs.
Published: 2021
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4. Preexisting diabetes and COVID-associated hyperglycaemia in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia

Author: Alessia Mercalli, Vito Lampasona, Elena Bazzigaluppi, Ilaria Marzinotto, Chiara Molinari, Fabio Ciceri, Amelia Caretto, Rita Nano, Andrea Laurenzi, Raffaella Melzi, Cristina Tresoldi, Lorenzo Piemonti, Marina Scavini, Giovanni Landoni, and Cristina Brigatti
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Glutamate decarboxylase, Autoantibody, medicine.disease, Pneumonia, New onset diabetes, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Cohort, medicine, business
Abstract: AimThe aim of the current study was to compare clinical characteristics, laboratory findings and major outcomes of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia with COVID-associated hyperglycaemia or preexisting diabetes.MethodsA cohort of 176 adult patients with a diagnosis of pre-existing diabetes (n=112) or COVID-associated hyperglycaemia (n=55) was studied. Clinical outcomes and laboratory findings were analysed according to the presence of the two conditions. The time to viral clearance was assessed during the follow-up after hospital discharge.ResultPatients with COVID-associated hyperglycaemia had lower BMI, significantly less comorbidities and higher levels of inflammatory markers and indicators of multi-organ injury than those with preexisting diabetes. No differences between preexisting diabetes and COVID-associated hyperglycaemia were evident for symptoms at admission, humoral response against SARS-CoV-2 or autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase or interferon alpha-4. COVID-associated hyperglycaemia was independently associated with the risk of adverse clinical outcome defined as ICU admission or death (HR 2.11, 95% CI 1.34-3.31; p=0.001), even after adjustment for age, sex and other selected variables associated with COVID-19 severity. Furthermore, we documented a negative association (HR 0.661, 95% CI 0.43-1.02; p=0.063) between COVID-associated hyperglycaemia and the time to swab negativization.ConclusionsThe recognition of hyperglycaemia as a specific clinical entity associated with COVID-19 pneumonia is relevant for early and appropriate patient management and close monitoring for the progression of disease severity.
Published: 2021
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5. A Public Health Antibody Screening Indicates a Marked Increase of SARS-CoV-2 Exposure Rate in Children during the Second Wave

Author: Vito Lampasona, Philipp Sifft, Markus Hippich, Jose Zapardiel-Gonzalo, Anette G. Ziegler, Merle M Böhmer, and Ezio Bonifacio
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Letter, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Population, Immunologic Tests, Asymptomatic, children, medicine, Humans, Seroprevalence, Public Health Surveillance, Child, education, SARS-CoV-2 antibody, education.field_of_study, public health screening, biology, seroprevalence, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, Public health, COVID-19, General Medicine, Virology, second wave, biology.protein, Public Health, medicine.symptom, Antibody, business, Antibody screening
Abstract: Hippich et al update their surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the Bavarian childhood population and show an eight-fold prevalence increase during 2021 as compared to the end of first wave in 2020. Over 50% of positive children were asymptomatic.
Published: 2021

6. COVID-BioB Cohort Study: the neutralizing antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 in symptomatic COVID-19 is persistent and critical for virus control and survival

Author: Fabio Ciceri, Ilaria Marzinotto, Vito Lampasona, Cristina Brigatti, Martina Borghi, Andrea Cara, Gabriella Scarlatti, Maria Franca Pirillo, Marco Baratella, Maria Laura De Angelis, Francesca Sironi, Elena Bazzigaluppi, Massimiliano Secchi, Giulietta Venturi, Donatella R.M. Negri, Monica Tolazzi, Stefania Dispinseri, Andrea Canitano, Cristina Tresoldi, and Lorenzo Piemonti
Subjects: biology, business.industry, Hemagglutinin (influenza), Virus, Neutralization, Immune system, Antigen, Immunity, Immunology, biology.protein, Medicine, Antibody, Neutralizing antibody, business
Abstract: Understanding how antibody to SARS-CoV-2 evolve during infection may provide important insight into therapeutic approaches to prevent fatal COVID-19 illness and vaccines. Here, we profile the antibody response of 162 well-characterized COVID-19 symptomatic patients followed longitudinally for up to eight months from symptom onset. Using two newly developed assays we detect SARS-CoV-2 neutralization and antibodies binding to Spike antigens and nucleoprotein as well as to Spike S2 antigen of seasonal beta-coronaviruses, and to hemagglutinin of the H1N1 flu virus. Presence of neutralizing antibodies withing the first weeks from symptom onset correlates with time to a negative swab result (p=0.002) while lack of neutralization with an increased risk of a fatal disease outcome (HR 2.918, 95%CI 1.321-6.449; p=0.008). Neutralizing antibody titers progressively drop after 5-8 weeks but are still detectable up to 8 months in the majority of recovered patients regardless of age or co-morbidities. IgG to Spike antigens are the best correlate of neutralization. Antibody responses to seasonal coronaviruses are temporary boosted and parallel those to SARS-CoV-2 without dampening the specific response or worsening disease progression. Thus, a compromised immune response to the Spike rather than an enhanced one is a major trait of patients with critical conditions. Patients should be promptly identified and immediately start therapeutic interventions aimed at restoring their immunity.
Published: 2021
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7. A/H1N1 hemagglutinin antibodies show comparable affinity in vaccine-related Narcolepsy type 1 and control and are unlikely to contribute to pathogenesis

Author: Ilaria Marzinotto, Vito Lampasona, Cristina Brigatti, Lorenzo Piemonti, Alexander Lind, Anita Ramelius, Lind, Alexander, Marzinotto, Ilaria, Brigatti, Cristina, Ramelius, Anita, Piemonti, Lorenzo, and Lampasona, Vito
Subjects: Adult, Adolescent, Science, Immunology, Antibody Affinity, Hemagglutinin (influenza), Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus, Antibodies, Viral, Article, Epitope, Neutralization, Pathogenesis, Young Adult, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype, Immunoprecipitation, Humans, Medicine, Pandemrix, Child, Antigens, Viral, Aged, Narcolepsy, Vaccines, Multidisciplinary, biology, business.industry, Age Factors, Middle Aged, Vaccination, Influenza Vaccines, Case-Control Studies, biology.protein, Radiobinding assay, Antibody, business, Neurological disorders, Biomarkers
Abstract: An increased incidence of narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) was observed in Scandinavia following the 2009–2010 influenza Pandemrix vaccination. The association between NT1 and HLA-DQB1*06:02:01 supported the view of the vaccine as an etiological agent. A/H1N1 hemagglutinin (HA) is the main antigenic determinant of the host neutralization antibody response. Using two different immunoassays, the Luciferase Immunoprecipitation System (LIPS) and Radiobinding Assay (RBA), we investigated HA antibody levels and affinity in an exploratory and in a confirmatory cohort of Swedish NT1 patients and healthy controls vaccinated with Pandemrix. HA antibodies were increased in NT1 patients compared to controls in the exploratory (LIPS p = 0.0295, RBA p = 0.0369) but not in the confirmatory cohort (LIPS p = 0.55, RBA p = 0.625). HA antibody affinity, assessed by competition with Pandemrix vaccine, was comparable between patients and controls (LIPS: 48 vs. 39 ng/ml, p = 0.81; RBA: 472 vs. 491 ng/ml, p = 0.65). The LIPS assay also detected higher HA antibody titres as associated with HLA-DQB1*06:02:01 (p = 0.02). Our study shows that following Pandemrix vaccination, HA antibodies levels and affinity were comparable NT1 patients and controls and suggests that HA antibodies are unlikely to play a role in NT1 pathogenesis.
Published: 2021
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8. Young infants exhibit robust functional antibody responses and restrained IFN-γ production to SARS-CoV-2

Author: Kapil Gupta, Andrew D. Davidson, Michaela Gregorova, Adam Finn, Amy Thomas, Anu Goenka, Vito Lampasona, Holly Baum, Maia Kavanagh Williamson, Alice Halliday, Kathleen M Gillespie, Elizabeth Oliver, Barry Vipond, Emily Milodowski, Laura Rivino, Lorenzo Piemonti, Imre Berger, Mick Bailey, Ashley M. Toye, Alistair J K Williams, Peter Muir, Anna E. Long, Natalie D. Di Bartolo, Linda Wooldridge, Lea Knezevic, Jolanta Bernatoniene, Goenka, A., Halliday, A., Gregorova, M., Milodowski, E., Thomas, A., Williamson, M. K., Baum, H., Oliver, E., Long, A. E., Knezevic, L., Williams, A. J. K., Lampasona, V., Piemonti, L., Gupta, K., Di Bartolo, N., Berger, I., Toye, A. M., Vipond, B., Muir, P., Bernatoniene, J., Bailey, M., Gillespie, K. M., Davidson, A. D., Wooldridge, L., Rivino, L., and Finn, A.
Subjects: Adult, Male, Saliva, T cell, BrisSynBio, Peripheral blood mononuclear cell, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Interferon-gamma, Young Adult, Immune system, Immunity, Report, antibody, Medicine, Humans, Functional ability, Respiratory system, biology, business.industry, Bristol BioDesign Institute, Infant, Newborn, COVID-19, Infant, Covid19, infant, immunity, Immunoglobulin A, medicine.anatomical_structure, Immunoglobulin G, Immunology, Antibody Formation, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus, biology.protein, Leukocytes, Mononuclear, Female, Antibody, business
Abstract: Severe COVID-19 appears rare in children. This is unexpected, especially in young infants, who are vulnerable to severe disease caused by other respiratory viruses. We evaluate convalescent immune responses in 4 infants under 3 months old with confirmed COVID-19 who presented with mild febrile illness, alongside their parents, and adult controls recovered from confirmed COVID-19. Although not statistically significant, compared to seropositive adults, infants have high serum levels of IgG and IgA to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, with a corresponding functional ability to block SARS-CoV-2 cellular entry. Infants also exhibit robust saliva anti-spike IgG and IgA responses. Spike-specific IFN-γ production by infant peripheral blood mononuclear cells appears restrained, but the frequency of spike-specific IFN-γ- and/or TNF-α-producing T cells is comparable between infants and adults. On principal-component analysis, infant immune responses appear distinct from their parents. Robust functional antibody responses alongside restrained IFN-γ production may help protect infants from severe COVID-19., Graphical abstract, Goenka et al. demonstrate that the SARS-CoV-2 immune response of young infants appears distinct compared with their parents. They show that infants exhibit relatively high serum (and saliva) levels of anti-spike IgG associated with robust SARS-CoV-2 neutralization but restrained cellular spike-specific IFN-γ production.
Published: 2021
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9. Neutralizing antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in symptomatic COVID-19 is persistent and critical for survival

Author: Maria Franca Pirillo, Cristina Brigatti, Gabriella Scarlatti, Maria Laura De Angelis, Vito Lampasona, Francesca Sironi, Massimiliano Secchi, Marco Baratella, Lorenzo Piemonti, Andrea Canitano, Giulietta Venturi, Monica Tolazzi, Cristina Tresoldi, Elena Bazzigaluppi, Ilaria Marzinotto, Andrea Cara, Donatella R.M. Negri, Martina Borghi, Fabio Ciceri, Stefania Dispinseri, Dispinseri, Stefania, Secchi, Massimiliano, Pirillo, Maria Franca, Tolazzi, Monica, Borghi, Martina, Brigatti, Cristina, De Angelis, Maria Laura, Baratella, Marco, Bazzigaluppi, Elena, Venturi, Giulietta, Sironi, Francesca, Canitano, Andrea, Marzinotto, Ilaria, Tresoldi, Cristina, Ciceri, Fabio, Piemonti, Lorenzo, Negri, Donatella, Cara, Andrea, Lampasona, Vito, and Scarlatti, Gabriella
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, viruses, General Physics and Astronomy, Antibodies, Viral, 0302 clinical medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Longitudinal Studies, skin and connective tissue diseases, Neutralizing antibody, Multidisciplinary, biology, virus diseases, Common cold, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Vaccination, Survival Rate, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus, Female, Antibody, Science, Hemagglutinin (influenza), General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Betacoronavirus, Immune system, Antigen, Immunity, Neutralization Tests, medicine, Humans, Aged, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, fungi, COVID-19, General Chemistry, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, medicine.disease, Antibodies, Neutralizing, body regions, Kinetics, 030104 developmental biology, Immunoglobulin G, Immunology, Antibody Formation, biology.protein, business
Abstract: Understanding how antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 evolve during infection may provide important insight into therapeutic approaches and vaccination for COVID-19. Here we profile the antibody responses of 162 COVID-19 symptomatic patients in the COVID-BioB cohort followed longitudinally for up to eight months from symptom onset to find SARS-CoV-2 neutralization, as well as antibodies either recognizing SARS-CoV-2 spike antigens and nucleoprotein, or specific for S2 antigen of seasonal beta-coronaviruses and hemagglutinin of the H1N1 flu virus. The presence of neutralizing antibodies within the first weeks from symptoms onset correlates with time to a negative swab result (p = 0.002), while the lack of neutralizing capacity correlates with an increased risk of a fatal outcome (p = 0.008). Neutralizing antibody titers progressively drop after 5–8 weeks but are still detectable up to 8 months in the majority of recovered patients regardless of age or co-morbidities, with IgG to spike antigens providing the best correlate of neutralization. Antibody responses to seasonal coronaviruses are temporarily boosted, and parallel those to SARS-CoV-2 without dampening the specific response or worsening disease progression. Our results thus suggest compromised immune responses to the SARS-CoV-2 spike to be a major trait of COVID-19 patients with critical conditions, and thereby inform on the planning of COVID-19 patient care and therapy prioritization. Antibody responses are critical for protection from developing severe COVID-19 following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here the authors show that antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein correlate with neutralizing capacity and protection, are not affected by heterologous boosting of influenza or common cold immunity, and can last up to 8 months.
Published: 2021

10. Robust neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 develop and persist in subjects with diabetes and COVID-19 pneumonia

Author: Cristina Brigatti, Patrizia Rovere-Querini, Stefania Dispinseri, Fabio Ciceri, Cristina Tresoldi, Elena Bazzigaluppi, Maria Franca Pirillo, Donatella R.M. Negri, Massimiliano Secchi, Marina Scavini, Gabriella Scarlatti, Andrea Cara, Lorenzo Piemonti, Vito Lampasona, Martina Borghi, Ilaria Marzinotto, Dispinseri, Stefania, Lampasona, Vito, Secchi, Massimiliano, Cara, Andrea, Bazzigaluppi, Elena, Negri, Donatella, Brigatti, Cristina, Pirillo, Maria Franca, Marzinotto, Ilaria, Borghi, Martina, Rovere-Querini, Patrizia, Tresoldi, Cristina, Ciceri, Fabio, Scavini, Marina, Scarlatti, Gabriella, and Piemonti, Lorenzo
Subjects: Male, survival rate, medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Clinical Biochemistry, Context (language use), Neutralizing antibodies, Biochemistry, Pathogenesis, Diabetes Complications, Endocrinology, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, Medicine, Humans, neutralizing antibodies, Neutralizing antibody, Clinical Research Article, biology, diabetes, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, Biochemistry (medical), Hazard ratio, COVID-19, Pneumonia, medicine.disease, Antibodies, Neutralizing, Vaccination, Immunology, biology.protein, Female, Antibody, business, AcademicSubjects/MED00250, humoral response
Abstract: Context Demonstrating the ability to mount a neutralizing antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 in the presence of diabetes is crucial to understand COVID-19 pathogenesis, reinfection potential, and vaccine development. Objective The aim of this study was to characterize the kinetics and durability of neutralizing antibody (Nab) response against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the presence of hyperglycemia. Methods Using a lentiviral vector–based SARS-CoV-2 neutralization assay to measure Nabs, we characterized 150 patients randomly selected from a cohort of 509 patients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia. We analyzed Nab response according to the presence of diabetes or hyperglycemia, at the time of hospitalization and during the postdischarge follow-up: 1-, 3-, and 6-month outpatient visits. Results Among 150 randomly selected patients 40 (26.6%) had diabetes. Diabetes (hazard ratio [HR] 8.9, P < .001), glucose levels (HR 1.25 × 1.1 mmol/L, P < .001), and glucose variability (HR 1.17 × 0.6 mmol/L, P < .001) were independently associated with an increased risk of mortality. The neutralizing activity of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in patients with diabetes was superimposable, as for kinetics and extent, to that of patients without diabetes. It was similar across glucose levels and correlated with the humoral response against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Positivity for Nabs at the time of hospital admission conferred protection on mortality, both in the presence (HR 0.28, P = .046) or absence of diabetes (HR 0.26, P = .030). The longevity of the Nab response was not affected by diabetes. Conclusion Diabetes and hyperglycemia do not affect the kinetics and durability of the neutralizing antibody response to SARS-CoV-2. These findings provide the rational to include patients with diabetes in the early phase of the vaccination campaign against SARS-CoV-2.
Published: 2021

11. COVID-19 survival associates with the immunoglobulin response to the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain

Author: Alberto Zangrillo, Cristina Tresoldi, Ilaria Marzinotto, Andrea Poli, Cristina Brigatti, Patrizia Rovere-Querini, Gabriella Scarlatti, Massimiliano Secchi, Fabio Ciceri, Elena Bazzigaluppi, Vito Lampasona, Antonella Castagna, Lorenzo Piemonti, Secchi, Massimiliano, Bazzigaluppi, Elena, Brigatti, Cristina, Marzinotto, Ilaria, Tresoldi, Cristina, Rovere-Querini, Patrizia, Poli, Andrea, Castagna, Antonella, Scarlatti, Gabriella, Zangrillo, Alberto, Ciceri, Fabio, Piemonti, Lorenzo, and Lampasona, Vito
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Adaptive immunity, Immunology, Pneumonia, Viral, Hemagglutinin (influenza), Immunoglobulins, Disease, Antibodies, Viral, Virus, Epitope, 03 medical and health sciences, Epitopes, Betacoronavirus, 0302 clinical medicine, Antigen, Protein Domains, medicine, Humans, Antigens, Viral, Pandemics, COVID-19 Serotherapy, Aged, biology, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, Immunization, Passive, virus diseases, COVID-19, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Acquired immune system, medicine.disease, Virology, Influenza, 030104 developmental biology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Antibody Formation, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus, Coinfection, biology.protein, Commentary, Female, Antibody, Clinical Medicine, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Serological assays are of critical importance to investigate correlates of response and protection in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), to define previous exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in populations, and to verify the development of an adaptive immune response in infected individuals. METHODS: We studied 509 patients confirmed to have COVID-19 from the San Raffaele Hospital of Milan and 480 samples of prepandemic organ donor sera collected in 2010–2012. Using fluid-phase luciferase immune precipitation (LIPS) assays, we characterized IgG, IgM, and IgA antibodies to the spike receptor binding domain (RBD), S1+S2, nucleocapsid, and ORF6 to ORF10 of SARS-CoV-2, to the HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-HKU1 betacoronaviruses spike S2, and the H1N1Ca2009 flu virus hemagglutinin. Sequential samples at 1 and 3 months after hospital discharge were also tested for SARS-CoV-2 RBD antibodies in 95 patients. RESULTS: Antibodies developed rapidly against multiple SARS-CoV-2 antigens in 95% of patients by 4 weeks after symptom onset and IgG to the RBD increased until the third month of follow-up. We observed a major synchronous expansion of antibodies to the HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-HKU1 spike S2. A likely coinfection with influenza was neither linked to a more severe presentation of the disease nor to a worse outcome. Of the measured antibody responses, positivity for IgG against the SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD was predictive of survival. CONCLUSION: The measurement of antibodies to selected epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 antigens can offer a more accurate assessment of the humoral response in patients and its impact on survival. The presence of partially cross-reactive antibodies with other betacoronaviruses is likely to impact on serological assay specificity and interpretation. TRIAL REGISTRATION: COVID-19 Patients Characterization, Biobank, Treatment Response and Outcome Predictor (COVID-BioB). ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04318366. FUNDING: IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele and Università Vita Salute San Raffaele.
Published: 2020

12. Antibody response to multiple antigens of SARS-CoV-2 in patients with diabetes: an observational cohort study

Author: S. Martinenghi, Lorenzo Piemonti, Cristina Brigatti, Giordano Vitali, Giovanni Landoni, Vito Lampasona, Marina Scavini, Ilaria Marzinotto, Luigi di Filippo, Fabio Ciceri, Chiara Molinari, Alberto M. Davalli, Alessia Mercalli, Andrea Laurenzi, Patrizia Rovere-Querini, Massimiliano Secchi, Emanuele Bosi, Raffaella Melzi, Cristina Tresoldi, Amelia Caretto, Elena Bazzigaluppi, Lampasona, Vito, Secchi, Massimiliano, Scavini, Marina, Bazzigaluppi, Elena, Brigatti, Cristina, Marzinotto, Ilaria, Davalli, Alberto, Caretto, Amelia, Laurenzi, Andrea, Martinenghi, Sabina, Molinari, Chiara, Vitali, Giordano, Di Filippo, Luigi, Mercalli, Alessia, Melzi, Raffaella, Tresoldi, Cristina, Rovere-Querini, Patrizia, Landoni, Giovanni, Ciceri, Fabio, Bosi, Emanuele, and Piemonti, Lorenzo
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Blood Glucose, Male, Survival rate, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Antibodies, Viral, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Medicine, Humoral response, Antigens, Viral, Aged, 80 and over, biology, Diabetes, Blood Coagulation Disorders, Middle Aged, Cohort, Female, Antibody, Coronavirus Infections, Cohort study, Human, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Pneumonia, Viral, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Article, Antibodies, 03 medical and health sciences, Antigen, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Diabetes Mellitus, Internal Medicine, Humans, Pandemics, Survival analysis, Aged, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, medicine.disease, Survival Analysis, Receptor-binding domain, Immunity, Humoral, Pneumonia, 030104 developmental biology, Immunoglobulin G, Antibody Formation, biology.protein, business, Biomarkers
Abstract: Aims/hypothesis The aim of the study was to characterise the humoral response against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in patients with diabetes. Demonstrating the ability to mount an appropriate antibody response in the presence of hyperglycaemia is relevant for the comprehension of mechanisms related to the observed worse clinical outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia in patients with diabetes and for the development of any future vaccination campaign to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods Using a highly specific and sensitive measurement of antibodies by fluid-phase luciferase immunoprecipitation assays, we characterised the IgG, IgM and IgA response against multiple antigens of SARS-CoV-2 in a cohort of 509 patients with documented diagnosis of COVID-19, prospectively followed at our institution. We analysed clinical outcomes and antibody titres according to the presence of hyperglycaemia, i.e., either diagnosed or undiagnosed diabetes, at the time of, or during, hospitalisation. Results Among patients with confirmed COVID-19, 139 (27.3%) had diabetes: 90 (17.7%) had diabetes diagnosed prior to the hospital admission (comorbid diabetes) while 49 (9.6%) had diabetes diagnosed at the time of admission (newly diagnosed). Diabetes was associated with increased levels of inflammatory biomarkers and hypercoagulopathy, as well as leucocytosis and neutrophilia. Diabetes was independently associated with risk of death (HR 2.32 [95% CI 1.44, 3.75], p = 0.001), even after adjustment for age, sex and other relevant comorbidities. Moreover, a strong association between higher glucose levels and risk of death was documented irrespective of diabetes diagnosis (HR 1.14 × 1.1 mmol/l [95% CI 1.08, 1.21], p
Published: 2020
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13. Gene expression analysis of embryonic pancreas development master regulators and terminal cell fate markers in resected pancreatic cancer: A correlation with clinical outcome

Author: Lorenzo Piemonti, Valentina Pasquale, Claudio Doglioni, Ilaria Marzinotto, Michele Reni, Vito Lampasona, Raniero Chimienti, Daniela Liberati, Erica Dugnani, Silvia Pellegrini, Valeria Sordi, Alessandra Gandolfi, Gianpaolo Balzano, Massimo Falconi, Dugnani, Erica, Sordi, Valeria, Pellegrini, Silvia, Chimienti, Raniero, Marzinotto, Ilaria, Pasquale, Valentina, Liberati, Daniela, Balzano, Gianpaolo, Doglioni, Claudio, Reni, Michele, Gandolfi, Alessandra, Falconi, Massimo, Lampasona, Vito, and Piemonti, Lorenzo
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, endocrine system diseases, Organogenesis, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Metastasi, Metastasis, Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, Mice, Medicine, Relapse, biology, Gastroenterology, Nuclear Proteins, Chromogranin A, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Homeobox Protein Nkx-2.2, medicine.anatomical_structure, PDX1, Female, Pancreas, Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal, Adult, Prognosi, Mice, Nude, Cell fate determination, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, 03 medical and health sciences, Cell Line, Tumor, Pancreatic cancer, Biomarkers, Tumor, Animals, Humans, Aged, Homeodomain Proteins, Keratin-19, Hepatology, business.industry, Gene Expression Profiling, medicine.disease, Survival Analysis, Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays, Pancreatic Neoplasms, 030104 developmental biology, NEUROD1, Cancer research, biology.protein, PAX4, Gene expression, business, Transcription Factors
Abstract: Background Despite the recent introduction of new drugs and the development of innovative multi-target treatments, the prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains very poor. Even when PDAC is resectable, the rate of local or widespread disease recurrence remains particularly high. Currently, reliable prognostic biomarkers of recurrence are lacking. We decided to explore the potential usefulness of pancreatic developmental regulators as biomarkers of PDAC relapse. Methods We analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR the mRNA of selected factors involved either in pancreatic organogenesis (ISL1, NEUROD1, NGN3, NKX2.2, NKX6.1, PAX4, PAX6, PDX1 and PTF1α) or associated with terminally committed pancreatic cells (CHGA, CHGB, GAD2, GCG, HNF6α, INS, KRT19, SYP) in 17 PDAC cell lines and in frozen tumor samples from 41 PDAC patients. Results High baseline levels of the ISL1, KRT19, PAX6 and PDX1 mRNAs in PDAC cell lines, were risk factors for time-dependent xenograft appearance after subcutaneous injection in CD1-Nude mice. Consistently, in human PDAC samples, high levels of KRT19 mRNA were associated with reduced overall survival and earlier recurrence. Higher levels of PDX1 or PAX6 mRNAs were instead associated with a higher frequency of local recurrence. Conclusions Our findings suggest that selected factors associated with pancreas development or its terminal differentiation might be implicated in mechanisms of PDAC progression and/or metastatic spread and that the measurement of their mRNA in tumors might be potentially used to improve patient prognostic stratification and prediction of the relapse site.
Published: 2018
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14. Issue Information

Author: S Scaranzin, Pasquale Borrelli, Vito Lampasona, Diego Franciotta, Matteo Gastaldi, Melania Guida, A. De Rosa, Enrico Marchioni, Roberto Furlan, Sarosh R. Irani, Ottavia Eleonora Ferraro, Patrick Waters, Rosa Ricciardi, Bethan Lang, Michelangelo Maestri, and E Zardini
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Univariate analysis, Thymoma, Neuromyotonia, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Autoantibody, medicine.disease, Gastroenterology, Myasthenia gravis, Serology, Thymectomy, Neurology, Internal medicine, Concomitant, medicine, Neurology (clinical), business
Abstract: Background and aims: Acquired Neuromyotonia (NMT) is an autoimmune condition frequently associated with anti-contactin-associated-protein-like-2 (Caspr2) antibodies. NMT can occur as a paraneoplastic disorder in patients with thymoma, alone or in combination with Myasthenia Gravis (MG). Recently, antibodies against netrin-1-receptors (DCC and UNC5A) have been reported as predictors of thymoma in 6/9 patients with concomitant NMT and MG. We aimed to clinically characterize a large cohort of patients with thymoma-associated MG, and to explore serological correlation of NMT symptoms. Methods: 268 consecutive patients with thymoma-associated MG were retrospectively collected. NMT was defined as muscle twitching/cramps in at least 2 skeletal districts. Patients with NMT(23) were screened for anti-neuronal antibodies by immunohistochemistry on rat brain and cell based assay. Results: 23/268 patients developed NMT symptoms (muscle twitching, 3; cramps, 3, or both, 17). Overall, 33/268 patients with thymoma had a tumor recurrence, which was more frequent in those with (8/23) vs those without NMT (25/245, p=0.003). NMT onset preceded the tumor recurrence in 5/6 patients. In univariate analysis predictors of thymoma recurrence were younger age at thymectomy (odds ratio-OR:0.95, confidence interval-CI:0.93-0.97), Masaoka staging (OR:10.73, CI:2.38-48.36) and NMT (OR:4.69, CI:1.76-12.46). 6 patients with NMT had anti-neuronal antibodies (patient#1: Caspr2; patient#2: AMPAR; patient#3: DCC; patient#4: LGI1; patient#5: Caspr2+LGI1+DCC+UNC5A; patient#6: Caspr2+LGI1+DCC). Thymoma recurrence was found less frequently in negative (3/17) vs positive patients with NMT (4/6, #1, #2, #5 and #6; p=0.045). Conclusion: The occurrence of NMT symptoms in patients with thymoma-associated MG can predict tumor recurrence, and warrants a closer oncologic follow-up. Anti-neuronal surface autoantibodies may be useful to further stratify the recurrence risk. Disclosure: This work was funded by the ‘Ricerca finalizzata ministeriale 2015-2017’ provided by the Italian ministry of health
Published: 2018
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15. No evidence of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma specific autoantibodies to Ezrin in a liquid phase LIPS immunoassay

Author: Cristina Brigatti, Massimo Falconi, Gianpaolo Balzano, Michele Reni, Vito Lampasona, Lorenzo Piemonti, Daniela Liberati, Valentina Pasquale, Ilaria Marzinotto, Erica Dugnani, Liberati, Daniela, Marzinotto, Ilaria, Brigatti, Cristina, Dugnani, Erica, Pasquale, Valentina, Reni, Michele, Balzano, Gianpaolo, Falconi, Massimo, Piemonti, Lorenzo, and Lampasona, Vito
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, Cancer Research, endocrine system diseases, Gene Expression, Autoantigens, environment and public health, 0302 clinical medicine, Ezrin, Genes, Reporter, Cloning, Molecular, Prospective cohort study, Immunoassay, biology, medicine.diagnostic_test, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Titer, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, biomarker, Biomarker (medicine), Female, Antibody, LIPS, Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal, Adult, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, macromolecular substances, 03 medical and health sciences, Antigen, Biomarkers, Tumor, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Immunoprecipitation, Aged, Autoantibodies, Neoplasm Staging, business.industry, Autoantibody, PDAC, digestive system diseases, TAA, Pancreatic Neoplasms, Cytoskeletal Proteins, 030104 developmental biology, ROC Curve, Case-Control Studies, biology.protein, Cancer research, Neoplasm Grading, business, autoantibody
Abstract: Background Sensitive and specific biomarkers of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are desperately needed to allow early diagnosis and improve patient's survival. Ezrin autoantibodies were recently described as present in 93% of PDAC patients and 40% of healthy subjects who later developed PDAC. However, another prospective study failed to replicate these findings. Both studies were based on the use of a solid phase ELISA immunoassay. Objective We aimed at re-evaluating the usefulness of Ezrin autoantibodies as PDAC biomarkers using the Luciferase Immuno Precipitation System (LIPS), an alternative immunoassay format that found successful application for the measurement of autoantibodies against pancreatic autoantigens. Methods We produced a Nanoluciferase™ tagged Ezrin (NLuc-Ezrin). NLuc-Ezrin was then used as antigen in LIPS to test for Ezrin autoantibodies patients affected by PDAC (n= 40), other pancreatic diseases (OPD, n= 50), and healthy controls (n= 60). Results Overall, binding in liquid phase to Ezrin by serum antibodies was rare and low titer. Furthermore, we did not find statistically significant differences in the prevalence of Ezrin autoantibodies between patients affected by either PDAC or OPD compared to control. Conclusions Our results do not confirm the usefulness of Ezrin autoAbs as biomarker of PDAC.
Published: 2018
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16. The first 142 amino acids of glutamate decarboxylase do not contribute to epitopes recognized by autoantibodies associated with Type 1 diabetes

Author: Peter Achenbach, Benjamin Thomas Gillard, Rebecca Wyatt, Anna E. Long, Cristina Brigatti, Lorenzo Piemonti, Deborah K. Shoemark, Ilaria Marzinotto, Kathleen M Gillespie, Kyla Chandler, Alistair J K Williams, Daniela Liberati, Vito Lampasona, Sian Grace, Wyatt, R C, Brigatti, C, Liberati, D, Grace, S L, Gillard, B T, Long, A E, Marzinotto, I, Shoemark, D, Chandler, K A, Achenbach, P, Gillespie, K M, Piemonti, L, Lampasona, V, and Williams, A J K
Subjects: Adult, Male, 0301 basic medicine, endocrine system, Adolescent, endocrine system diseases, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Glutamate decarboxylase, Radioimmunoassay, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Sensitivity and Specificity, Epitope, Epitopes, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Diabetes mellitus, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Family, Child, Aged, Autoantibodies, Type 1 diabetes, Predictive marker, biology, Glutamate Decarboxylase, business.industry, Autoantibody, Infant, nutritional and metabolic diseases, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Peptide Fragments, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, 030104 developmental biology, Child, Preschool, Immunology, Type 1 Diabetes, biology.protein, Female, Antibody, Prediction, business
Abstract: Aims: Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) antibodies are the most widely used predictive marker for Type 1 diabetes, but many individuals currently found to be GAD antibody-positive are unlikely to develop diabetes. We have shown previously that radioimmunoassays using N-terminally truncated 35S-GAD65(96–585) offer better disease specificity with similar sensitivity to full-length 35S-GAD65(1–585). To determine whether assay performance could be improved further, we evaluated a more radically truncated 35S-GAD65(143–585) radiolabel. Methods: Samples from people with recent-onset Type 1 diabetes (n = 157) and their first-degree relatives (n = 745) from the Bart's–Oxford family study of childhood diabetes were measured for GAD antibodies using 35S-labelled GAD65(143–585). These were screened previously using a local radioimmunoassay with 35S-GAD65(1–585). A subset was also tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which performs well in international workshops, but requires 10 times more serum. Results were compared with GAD antibody measurements using 35S-GAD65(1–585) and 35S-GAD65(96–585). Results: Sensitivity of GAD antibody measurement was maintained using 35S-GAD65(143–585) compared with 35S-GAD65(1–585) and 35S-GAD65(96–585). Specificity for Type 1 diabetes was improved compared with 35S-GAD65(1–585), but was similar to 35S-GAD65(96–585). Relatives found to be GAD antibody-positive using these truncated labels were at increased risk of diabetes progression within 15 years, compared with those positive for GAD(1–585) antibody only, and at similar risk to those found GAD antibody-positive by ELISA. Conclusions: The first 142 amino acids of GAD65 do not contribute to epitopes recognized by Type 1 diabetes-associated GAD antibodies. Low-volume radioimmunoassays using N-terminally truncated 35S-GAD65 are more specific than those using full-length GAD65 and offer practical alternatives to the GAD antibody ELISA for identifying children at increased risk of Type 1 diabetes.
Published: 2018
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17. A novel LIPS assay for insulin autoantibodies

Author: Frans Gorus, Elena Bazzigaluppi, Cristina Brigatti, Vito Lampasona, Peter Achenbach, Ilaria Marzinotto, Daniela Liberati, Ilse Weets, Emanuele Bosi, Eric V. Balti, Rebecca Wyatt, Alistair J K Williams, Ben Gillard, Maurizio Ferrari, Kathleen M Gillespie, Lorenzo Piemonti, Liberati, Daniela, Wyatt, Rebecca C., Brigatti, Cristina, Marzinotto, Ilaria, Ferrari, Maurizio, Bazzigaluppi, Elena, Bosi, Emanuele, Gillard, Ben T., Gillespie, Kathleen M., Gorus, Fran, Weets, Ilse, Balti, Eric, Piemonti, Lorenzo, Achenbach, Peter, Williams, Alistair J. K., Lampasona, Vito, Pathology/molecular and cellular medicine, Diabetes Pathology & Therapy, Vriendenkring VUB, Clinical Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, and Internal Medicine
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Insulin Antibodies, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, medicine.medical_treatment, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, medicine.disease_cause, Sensitivity and Specificity, Autoimmunity, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Antigen, Predictive Value of Tests, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Immunoprecipitation, Insulin, Child, Luciferases, Fluorescent Dyes, Autoantibodies, Proinsulin, Immunoassay, Type 1 diabetes, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Autoantibody, General Medicine, Prognosis, medicine.disease, Autoantibodie, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, HEK293 Cells, 030104 developmental biology, Case-Control Studies, T1D, LIPS, Prediction, business, Biomarkers
Abstract: Aims: Insulin autoantibodies (IAA) are often the first marker of autoimmunity detected in children in the preclinical phase of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Currently, the vast majority of laboratories adopt the radiobinding micro-assay (RBA) for measuring IAA. Our aim was to replace RBA with a novel non-radioactive IAA Luciferase Immuno Precipitation System (LIPS) assay with improved performance. Methods: We developed (pro)insulin antigens with alternative placements of a NanoLuc™ luciferase reporter (NLuc). Performance in LIPS was evaluated by testing sera from new onset T1D (n = 80), blood donors (n = 123), schoolchildren (n = 186), first-degree relatives (FDRs) from the Bart’s Oxford family study (n = 53) and from the Belgian Diabetes Registry (n = 136), coded sera from the Islet Autoantibody Standardization Program (IASP) (T1D n = 50, blood donors n = 90). Results: IAA LIPS based on B chain-NLuc proinsulin or B chain-NLuc insulin, in which NLuc was fused at the C-terminus of the insulin B chain, required only 2 μL of serum and a short incubation time, showed high concordance with RBA (Spearman r = 0.866 and 0.833, respectively), high assay performance (B chain-NLuc proinsulin ROC-AUC = 0.894 and B chain-NLuc insulin ROC-AUC = 0.916), and an adjusted sensitivity at 95% specificity ranking on par with the best assays submitted to the two most recent IASP workshops. In FDRs, the IAA LIPS showed improved discrimination of progressors to T1D compared to RBA. Conclusions: We established a novel high-performance non-radioactive IAA LIPS that might replace the current gold standard RBA and find wide application in the study of the IAA response in T1D.
Published: 2018
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18. P.168: Biofabrication of a Functional Vascularized Endocrine Pancreas (VEP) for Type 1 Diabetes

Author: Francesco Campo, Ilaria Marzinotto, Erica Dugnani, Eckhard Wolf, Antonia Follenzi, Fabio Manenti, Vito Lampasona, Cristina Olgasi, Antonio Citro, Elisabeth Kemter, Alessia Neroni, Lorenzo Piemonti, Silvia Pellegrini, Martina Policardi, Cataldo Pignatelli, and Libera Valla
Subjects: Transplantation, Type 1 diabetes, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.anatomical_structure, business.industry, medicine, Endocrine system, medicine.disease, Pancreas, business, Biofabrication
Published: 2021
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19. Autoantibodies against zinc transporter 8 further stratify the autoantibody-defined risk for type 1 diabetes in a general population of schoolchildren and have distinctive isoform binding patterns in different forms of autoimmune diabetes: results from the Karlsburg Type 1 Diabetes Risk Study

Author: Wolfgang Kerner, Vito Lampasona, K Baumann, K Kesselring, U. Walschus, Ralf Wassmuth, and Michael Schlosser
Subjects: Adult, Male, Adolescent, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Population, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Human leukocyte antigen, Type 2 diabetes, Zinc Transporter 8, medicine.disease_cause, Risk Assessment, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Diabetes mellitus, Heredity, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Protein Isoforms, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, Child, Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults, Aged, Autoantibodies, Type 1 diabetes, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Autoantibody, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Immunology, Female, business
Abstract: Aims To evaluate the diagnostic relevance of autoantibodies against zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8) in schoolchildren from the general population as well as in people with autoimmune diabetes. Methods A total of 137 schoolchildren positive for at least one of the three major diabetes-associated autoantibodies, without diabetes heredity or preselection on HLA typing, from the Karlsburg Type 1 Diabetes Risk Study, as well as 102 people at type 1 diabetes onset, 88 people with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults and 119 people with type 2 diabetes, were analysed for different ZnT8 autoantibody variants. Results Zinc transporter 8 autoantibody positivity was found in 18% of autoantibody-positive schoolchildren, with a noticeable association with other autoantibodies associated with type 1 diabetes and disease progression. Furthermore, ZnT8 autoantibody positivity was associated with diabetes progression in schoolchildren positive for autoantibodies against insulinoma-associated antigen-2 (IA-2) and, importantly, in seven IA-2 autoantibody-negative schoolchildren. Additionally, ZnT8 autoantibodies were found in 56% of people with type 1 diabetes, predominantly directed against all three ZnT8 variants and comparable to schoolchildren with multiple autoantibodies. In contrast, ZnT8 autoantibodies were detected in 10% of people with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults, none of them with reactivity to all three isoforms. Conclusion Zinc transporter 8 autoantibodies are useful markers for prediction of type 1 diabetes in a general population, further stratifying the risk of progression in autoantibody-positive children. ZnT8 autoantibodies are also important markers in adult-onset diabetes, with a completely different reaction pattern in type 1 diabetes in comparison to latent autoimmune diabetes in adults, and may therefore help to differentiate between the two forms.
Published: 2020

20. Public health antibody screening indicates a six-fold higher SARS-CoV-2 exposure rate than reported cases in children

Author: Ulrike Protzer, Peter Achenbach, Ezio Bonifacio, Susanne Heck, Merle Boehmer, Franziska Voss, Lisa Holthaus, Anette-Gabriele Ziegler, Martin Heigermoser, Tiziana C. Welzhofer, Joanna Stock, Dominik A. Ewald, F Haupt, Heidi Kapfelsperger, Lorenzo Piemonti, Benjamin A. Marcus, Markus Hippich, Annika Koelln, Jose Zapardiel-Gonzalo, Vito Lampasona, Kathrin de la Rosa, Robin Assfalg, Massimiliano Secchi, Hippich, Marku, Holthaus, Lisa, Assfalg, Robin, Zapardiel Gonzalo, Jose M, Kapfelsperger, Heidi, Heigermoser, Martin, Haupt, Florian, Ewald, Dominik A, Welzhofer, Tiziana C, Marcus, Benjamin A, Heck, Susanne, Koelln, Annika, Stock, Joanna, Voss, Franziska, Secchi, Massimiliano, Piemonti, Lorenzo, Rosa, Kathrin de la, Protzer, Ulrike, Boehmer, Merle, Achenbach, Peter, Lampasona, Vito, Bonifacio, Ezio, and Ziegler, Anette-Gabriele
Subjects: nucleocapsid antigen, medicine.medical_specialty, Materials Science (miscellaneous), Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Population, Antibodies, Viral, Virus, receptor binding domain RBD, Internal medicine, Pandemic, medicine, Seroprevalence, Humans, education, Child, SARS-CoV-2 antibody, Type 1 diabetes, education.field_of_study, public health screening, biology, seroprevalence, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, Public health, Infant, Newborn, COVID-19, Clinical Advances, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, biology.protein, Public Health, Antibody, business
Abstract: Background Antibody responses to virus reflect exposure and potential protection. Methods We developed a highly specific and sensitive approach to measuring antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 for population-scale immune surveillance. Antibody positivity was defined as a dual-positive response against both the receptor binding domain and nucleocapsid proteins of SARS-CoV-2. Antibodies were measured by immuno-precipitation assays in capillary blood from 15,771 children aged 1 to 18 years living in Bavaria, Germany, and participating in a public health type 1 diabetes screening program (Clinicaltrials.gov NCT04039945), in 1,916 dried blood spots from neonates in a Bavarian screening study (Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03316261), and in 75 SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals. Virus positive incidence was obtained from Bavarian health authority data. Findings. Dual-antibody positivity was detected in none of 3887 children in 2019 (100% specificity) and 73 of 75 SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals (97.3% sensitivity). Antibody surveillance in children during 2020 resulted in frequencies of 0.08% in January to March, 0.61% in April, 0.74% in May, 1.13% in June and 0.91% in July. Antibody prevalence from April 2020 was six-fold higher than the incidence of authority-reported cases (156 per 100,000 children), showed marked variation between the seven Bavarian regions (P, Graphical Abstract, Highlights • SARS-CoV-2 dual antibody strategy yielded 100% specificity and >95% sensitivity • Childhood surveillance finds 6-fold higher antibody prevalence than reported cases • Half of the antibody positive children were asymptomatic • No association found between SARS-Cov-2 antibodies and type 1 diabetes autoimmunity, Hippich et al developed a highly specific and sensitive dual antibody strategy for public health surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence. In testing more than 11,000 children in Germany, they report an antibody prevalence that is six-fold higher than the health authority-reported SARS-CoV-2 incidence, including 50% of antibody-positive children without symptoms.
Published: 2020

21. Cell-based assays for the detection of MOG antibodies: a comparative study

Author: Vito Lampasona, Thomas Foiadelli, Silvia Scaranzin, Margherita Mancardi, Brigitte Wildeman, Pietro Annovazzi, Maurizio Versino, Patrick Waters, Eleonora Rigoni, Sven Jarius, Elisabetta Zardini, Damiano Baroncini, Matteo Gastaldi, Elisa Vegezzi, Markus Reindl, Giovanni Novi, Salvatore Savasta, Diana Ferraro, Diego Franciotta, Paola Banfi, Thea Giacomini, Giulia Mallucci, and Luana Benedetti
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Subgroup analysis, Optic neuritis, Gastroenterology, Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, Multiple sclerosis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Autoantibodies, Cell-based assay, Demyelinating disorders, Myelitis, Standardization, biology, business.industry, Autoantibody, Syndrome, medicine.disease, Cell based assays, Neurology, Immunoglobulin G, biology.protein, Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein, Neurology (clinical), Antibody, Differential diagnosis, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: The detection of antibodies to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) is fundamental for the identification of MOG antibody-associated disorders (MOGAD), and the differential diagnosis of acquired demyelinating syndromes of the CNS, among which multiple sclerosis (MS). We compared the diagnostic performance of four cell-based assays (CBAs) for their detection. Consecutive sera from 204 patients with ‘possible MOGAD’ (55), MS (112), and other neurological disorders (OND, 37) were tested for MOG-IgG with a live-CBA with anti-heavy-and-light chain secondary-antibody (LCBA-IgGH+L), and a live-CBA for IgG1 (LCBA-IgG1). A subgroup of 71 patients was additionally tested with a live-CBA with anti-Fcγ secondary-antibody (LCBA-IgGFcγ), and a commercial fixed-CBA with anti-Fcγ secondary-antibody (FCBA-IgGFcγ). Fifty-seven/204 patients (27.9%) were MOG-IgG-positive. Sensitivity was 89.1% (CI:77.8–95.9) and specificity 93.3% (CI:88.0–96.7) for LCBA-IgGH+L, and 74.6% (CI:61.0–85.3) and 100% (CI:97.6–100) for LCBA-IgG1. Eighteen of 57 (31%) samples showed discrepant results (all negative on LCBA-IgG1); of these, three with ‘possible MOGAD’ showed high-titer MOG-IgG (≥ 1:640), and positivity for MOG-IgG2, whereas 15/18 had low-titer MOG-IgG (1:160/1:320) and mixed diagnoses (5 ‘possible MOGAD’, 6 MS, 4 OND). In the subgroup analysis, sensitivity was 92.3% (CI:79.1–98.4) and specificity 97.0% (CI:83.8–99.9) for LCBA-IgGFcγ, and 87.2% (CI:72.6–95.7) and 97.0% (CI:83.8–99.9) for FCBA-IgGFcγ. LCBA-IgG1 showed the highest specificity but can miss MOG-IgG2 reactivities, whose meaning warrants further investigations. Titration of samples tested with LCBA-IgGH+L/ IgGFcγ is important for meaningful interpretation of the results. In the subgroup analysis, LCBA-IgGFcγ yielded the highest accuracy, and FCBA-IgGFcγ good specificity, but it was at risk of false-negative results.
Published: 2020

22. Mild SARS-CoV-2 Infection After Gene Therapy in a Child With Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome: A Case Report

Author: Sabina Cenciarelli, Valeria Calbi, Federica Barzaghi, Maria Ester Bernardo, Chiara Oltolini, Maddalena Migliavacca, Vera Gallo, Francesca Tucci, Federico Fraschetta, Elena Albertazzi, Elena Sophia Fratini, Giulia Consiglieri, Stefania Giannelli, Francesca Dionisio, Claudia Sartirana, Sara Racca, Chiara Camesasca, Giovanni Peretto, Rita Daverio, Antonio Esposito, Francesco De Cobelli, Paolo Silvani, Marco Rabusin, Andrea Cara, Daria Trabattoni, Stefania Dispinseri, Gabriella Scarlatti, Lorenzo Piemonti, Vito Lampasona, Maria Pia Cicalese, Alessandro Aiuti, Francesca Ferrua, Cenciarelli, S., Calbi, V., Barzaghi, F., Bernardo, M. E., Oltolini, C., Migliavacca, M., Gallo, V., Tucci, F., Fraschetta, F., Albertazzi, E., Fratini, E. S., Consiglieri, G., Giannelli, S., Dionisio, F., Sartirana, C., Racca, S., Camesasca, C., Peretto, G., Daverio, R., Esposito, A., De Cobelli, F., Silvani, P., Rabusin, M., Cara, A., Trabattoni, D., Dispinseri, S., Scarlatti, G., Piemonti, L., Lampasona, V., Cicalese, M. P., Aiuti, A., and Ferrua, F.
Subjects: lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy, severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (2019-nCoV), Male, Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome, Genetic enhancement, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Immunology, Case Report, macromolecular substances, Antibodies, Viral, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Autoinflammatory disease, Gene, Specific immunoglobulins, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, fungi, Infant, COVID-19, immune reconstitution, Genetic Therapy, medicine.disease, gene therapy, Antibodies, Neutralizing, Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, lcsh:RC581-607, business, After treatment, Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein, primary immunodeficiencies
Abstract: In this work we present the case of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a 1.5-year-old boy affected by severe Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome with previous history of autoinflammatory disease, occurring 5 months after treatment with gene therapy. Before SARS-CoV-2 infection, the patient had obtained engraftment of gene corrected cells, resulting in WASP expression restoration and early immune reconstitution. The patient produced specific immunoglobulins to SARS-CoV-2 at high titer with neutralizing capacity and experienced a mild course of infection, with limited inflammatory complications, despite pre-gene therapy clinical phenotype.
Published: 2020

23. Intrinsic factor autoantibodies by luminescent immuno-precipitation system in patients with corpus atrophic gastritis

Author: Howard W. Davidson, Ilaria Marzinotto, Cristina Brigatti, Ludovica Dottori, Gianluca Esposito, Elena Bazzigaluppi, Edith Lahner, Vito Lampasona, F. Baldaro, Lorenzo Piemonti, Emanuele Dilaghi, Marzinotto, I., Dottori, L., Baldaro, F., Dilaghi, E., Brigatti, C., Bazzigaluppi, E., Esposito, G., Davidson, H. W., Piemonti, L., Lampasona, V., and Lahner, E.
Subjects: LIPS, luminescent immuno-precipitation system, medicine.medical_specialty, Research paper, Malabsorption, Anemia, Atrophic gastritis, Immunology, Gastric autoantibodies, Hp, Helicobacter pylori, PA, pernicious anemia, Gastroenterology, autoimmune gastritis, gastric autoantibodies, intrinsic factor antibodies, parietal cell antibodies, luciferase immunoprecipitation system LIPS, pernicious anemia, IFA, intrinsic factor autoantibodies, Internal medicine, Biopsy, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Parietal cell antibodies, Vitamin B12, PCA, antibodies against gastric parietal cells, CAG, corpus atrophic gastritis, Intrinsic factor, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Luciferase immunoprecipitation system, Autoantibody, RC581-607, medicine.disease, Intrinsic factor antibodies, Autoimmune gastritis, Pernicious anemia, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, LIPS, business
Abstract: Background Corpus atrophic gastritis (CAG) may lead to intrinsic factor (IF) deficiency and vitamin B12 malabsorption. Intrinsic factor autoantibodies (IFA) are considered markers of pernicious anemia, but their clinical utility in CAG has not been evaluated. This study aimed to assess IFA in CAG patients and controls using a luciferase immunoprecipitation system (LIPS). Methods Recombinant nanoluciferase-tagged IF secreted from transfected Expi293F cells was used as antigen in an IFA-LIPS assay. IFA IgG were measured in sera from subjects undergoing gastroscopy and biopsy (updated Sydney system) mainly for anemia (57%) or dyspepsia (34%). This cohort comprised 105 patients with histologically-proven-CAG (cases: median age 64 years, 68% females) and 110 subjects with suspected CAG that were histologically negative (controls: median age 67 years, 54% females). Cut-off values were selected by Q-Q-plot analysis (negative, Highlights • A novel diagnostic autoantibody test for intrinsic factor autoantibodies using a LIPS in histologically-proven CAG patients and controls. • This assay discriminated between patients and controls with a good specificity and a relatively low sensitivity that reflects the likely low prevalence of intrinsic factor antibodies in CAG. • Positivity occurred independently from anemia and vitamin B12 deficiency. • Intrinsic factor antibodies should be assessed in patients at high clinical suspicion of CAG.
Published: 2021
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24. Autoantibodies Toward ATP4A and ATP4B Subunits of Gastric Proton Pump H+,K+-ATPase Are Reliable Serological Pre-endoscopic Markers of Corpus Atrophic Gastritis

Author: Ilaria Marzinotto, Laura Conti, Cristina Brigatti, Ludovica Dottori, Janet M. Wenzlau, Emanuela Pilozzi, Bruno Annibale, Massimiliano Secchi, Edith Lahner, Howard W. Davidson, Lorenzo Piemonti, Elena Bazzigaluppi, Vito Lampasona, Lahner, Edith, Marzinotto, Ilaria, Lampasona, Vito, Dottori, Ludovica, Bazzigaluppi, Elena, Brigatti, Cristina, Secchi, Massimiliano, Piemonti, Lorenzo, Conti, Laura, Pilozzi, Emanuela, Davidson, Howard W, Wenzlau, Janet M, and Annibale, Bruno
Subjects: Male, autoantibodies, diagnosis, Atrophic gastritis, Biopsy, Gastroenterology, Serology, H(+)-K(+)-Exchanging ATPase, 0302 clinical medicine, Pepsin, Pepsinogen A, Prospective Studies, Gastrin, Aged, 80 and over, biology, Stomach, Middle Aged, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Female, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Gastritis, medicine.symptom, Adult, Gastritis, Atrophic, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Article, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Parietal Cells, Gastric, atrophic gastritis, Internal medicine, Gastroscopy, medicine, Humans, Aged, business.industry, Autoantibody, biomarkers, luciferase immunoprecipitation, Helicobacter pylori, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Gastric Mucosa, Case-Control Studies, biology.protein, Histopathology, business
Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Noninvasive assessment of corpus atrophic gastritis (CAG), a condition at increased risk of gastric cancer, is based on the measurement of pepsinogens, gastrin, and Helicobacter pylori antibodies. Parietal cell autoantibodies (PCAs) against the gastric proton pump (ATP4) are potential serological biomarkers of CAG. The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of PCA and pepsinogen I tests in patients with clinical suspicion of CAG with the histopathological evaluation of gastric biopsies as reference standard. METHODS: A prospective case-finding study was performed on 218 naive adult patients (131 women, median age 65 years) who underwent gastric biopsies to confirm/exclude CAG. Patients with histopathological CAG were defined as cases, conversely as controls. Autoantibodies against the individual alpha (ATP4A) and beta (ATP4B) subunits of ATP4 were measured by luciferase immunoprecipitation, and global PCA and pepsinogen I by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Histopathology classified 107 subjects (49%) as cases (CAG+, autoimmune 81.2%, and multifocal extensive 18.8%) and 111 subjects (51%) as controls (CAG−). In cases, ATP4A, ATP4B, and PCA titers were increased compared with controls, whereas pepsinogen I was reduced (P < 0.0001 for all). ATP4B, ATP4A, and pepsinogen I tests showed sensitivities of 77%, 75%, and 73% and specificities of 88%, 88%, and 80%, respectively. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the ROC curve (AUC) of these serological biomarkers confirmed their ability to discriminate cases from controls (ATP4B = 0.838, ATP4A = 0.826, pepsinogen I = 0.775, and PCA = 0.805), whereas the partial ROC-pAUC90 analysis showed that the ATP4B test had the best diagnostic performance (P = 0.008 vs ATP4; P = 0.0002 vs pepsinogen I). The presence of autoimmune or extensive gastritis was not significantly different between ATP4B positive or negative cases (P = 0.217). DISCUSSION: PCAs are promising serological biomarkers for the identification of CAG in high-risk individuals, particularly in an autoimmune pattern but also in an extensive-multifocal atrophy pattern.
Published: 2020
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25. Treatment with rapamycin can restore regulatory T-cell function in IPEX patients

Author: Pier Alberto Testoni, Rosalia Curto, Federica Barzaghi, Olaf Neth, Maria Grazia Roncarolo, Alessandro Aiuti, Francesca Tucci, Claudia Sartirana, Laura Passerini, Rosa Bacchetta, Vito Lampasona, Graziano Barera, Daniele Zama, Maria Pia Cicalese, Elena Bazzigaluppi, Manfred Hoenig, Ansgar Schulz, Alberto Mariani, Sven Olek, Luca Albarello, Ivana Rabbone, Emanuele Bosi, Markus G. Seidel, Passerini, L., Barzaghi, F., Curto, R., Sartirana, C., Barera, G., Tucci, F., Albarello, L., Mariani, A., Testoni, P. A., Bazzigaluppi, E., Bosi, E., Lampasona, V., Neth, O., Zama, D., Hoenig, M., Schulz, A., Seidel, M. G., Rabbone, I., Olek, S., Roncarolo, M. G., Cicalese, M. P., Aiuti, A., Bacchetta, R., Passerini L., Barzaghi F., Curto R., Sartirana C., Barera G., Tucci F., Albarello L., Mariani A., Testoni P.A., Bazzigaluppi E., Bosi E., Lampasona V., Neth O., Zama D., Hoenig M., Schulz A., Seidel M.G., Rabbone I., Olek S., Roncarolo M.G., Cicalese M.P., Aiuti A., and Bacchetta R.
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, regulatory T cell, medicine.medical_treatment, Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, Lymphocyte Activation, medicine.disease_cause, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory, regulatory T cells, Autoimmunity, Immunosuppressive Agent, 0302 clinical medicine, Cell Movement, IPEX, Immunology and Allergy, Sirolimu, Child, Cells, Cultured, autoimmunity, FOXP3, Forkhead Transcription Factors, Genetic Diseases, X-Linked, hemic and immune systems, EBI3, Regulatory T cells, suppression, Minor Histocompatibility Antigen, medicine.anatomical_structure, Immune System Diseases, mTOR, Immunosuppressive Agents, Human, Diarrhea, Ebi3, Immune System Disease, Regulatory T cell, Immunology, chemical and pharmacologic phenomena, Minor Histocompatibility Antigens, 03 medical and health sciences, TIGIT, Glucocorticoid-Induced TNFR-Related Protein, Immune Tolerance, medicine, Humans, GITR, Sirolimus, rapamycin, business.industry, Interleukins, Forkhead Transcription Factor, Interleukin, IPEX syndrome, medicine.disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, 030104 developmental biology, Gene Expression Regulation, CTLA-4, Mutation, Cancer research, business, 030215 immunology
Abstract: [Background] Immune-dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX) syndrome is a lethal disease caused by mutations in a transcription factor critical for the function of thymus-derived regulatory T (Treg) cells (ie, FOXP3), resulting in impaired Treg function and autoimmunity. At present, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the therapy of choice for patients with IPEX syndrome. If not available, multiple immunosuppressive regimens have been used with poor disease-free survival at long-term follow-up. Rapamycin has been shown to suppress peripheral T cells while sparing Treg cells expressing wild-type FOXP3, thereby proving beneficial in the clinical setting of immune dysregulation. However, the mechanisms of immunosuppression selective to Treg cells in patients with IPEX syndrome are unclear., [Objective] We sought to determine the cellular and molecular basis of the clinical benefit observed under rapamycin treatment in 6 patients with IPEX syndrome with different FOXP3 mutations., [Methods] Phenotype and function of FOXP3-mutated Treg cells from rapamycin-treated patients with IPEX syndrome were tested by flow cytometry and in vitro suppression assays, and the gene expression profile of rapamycin-conditioned Treg cells by droplet-digital PCR., [Results] Clinical and histologic improvements in patients correlated with partially restored Treg function, independent of FOXP3 expression or Treg frequency. Expression of TNF-receptor-superfamily-member 18 (TNFRSF18, glucocorticoid-induced TNF-receptor–related) and EBV-induced-3 (EBI3, an IL-35 subunit) in patients’ Treg cells increased during treatment as compared with that of Treg cells from untreated healthy subjects. Furthermore inhibition of glucocorticoid-induced TNF-receptor–related and Ebi3 partially reverted in vitro suppression by in vivo rapamycin-conditioned Treg cells., [Conclusions] Rapamycin is able to affect Treg suppressive function via a FOXP3-independent mechanism, thus sustaining the clinical improvement observed in patients with IPEX syndrome under rapamycin treatment.
Published: 2020
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26. Autoantibodies to N-terminally truncated GAD improve clinical phenotyping of individuals with adult-onset diabetes:Action LADA 12

Author: Mohammed I. Hawa, R. David Leslie, Vito Lampasona, Alistair J K Williams, Anette-G. Ziegler, Stephanie Krause, Samuel T. Jerram, Peter Achenbach, and Ezio Bonifacio
Subjects: Adult, Male, Patients, Cross-sectional study, Short Communication, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, medicine.medical_treatment, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Type 2 diabetes, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, LADA, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Predictive Value of Tests, Diabetes mellitus, Clinical phenotype, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin, Age of Onset, Aged, Autoantibodies, Type 1 diabetes, Glutamate Decarboxylase, business.industry, GAD, Autoantibody, Adult-onset diabetes, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Phenotype, Peptide Fragments, ddc, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Immunology, Female, Adult-onset Diabetes, Autoimmune, Clinical Phenotype, Gad, Lada, N-terminally Truncated Gad65, Type 1 Diabetes, Age of onset, business, N-terminally truncated GAD65, Biomarkers
Abstract: Aims/hypothesis Adult-onset type 1 diabetes, in which the 65 kDa isoform of GAD (GAD65) is a major autoantigen, has a broad clinical phenotype encompassing variable need for insulin therapy. This study aimed to evaluate whether autoantibodies against N-terminally truncated GAD65 more closely defined a type 1 diabetes phenotype associated with insulin therapy. Methods Of 1114 participants with adult-onset diabetes from the Action LADA (latent autoimmune diabetes in adults) study with sufficient sera, we selected those designated type 1 (n = 511) or type 2 diabetes (n = 603) and retested the samples in radiobinding assays for human full-length GAD65 autoantibodies (f-GADA) and N-terminally truncated (amino acids 96–585) GAD65 autoantibodies (t-GADA). Individuals’ clinical phenotypes were analysed according to antibody binding patterns. Results Overall, 478 individuals were f-GADA-positive, 431 were t-GADA-positive and 628 were negative in both assays. Risk of insulin treatment was augmented in t-GADA-positive individuals (OR 4.69 [95% CI 3.57, 6.17]) compared with f-GADA-positive individuals (OR 3.86 [95% CI 2.95, 5.06]), irrespective of diabetes duration. Of 55 individuals who were f-GADA-positive but t-GADA-negative, i.e. with antibody binding restricted to the N-terminus of GAD65, the phenotype was similar to type 2 diabetes with low risk of progression to insulin treatment. Compared with these individuals with N-terminal GAD65-restricted GADA, t-GADA-positive individuals were younger at diagnosis (p = 0.005), leaner (p
Published: 2018
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27. Reactivity to N-Terminally Truncated GAD65(96–585) Identifies GAD Autoantibodies That Are More Closely Associated With Diabetes Progression in Relatives of Patients With Type 1 Diabetes

Author: Polly J. Bingley, Cristina Brigatti, Vito Lampasona, Alistair J K Williams, Kathleen M Gillespie, Rebecca Wyatt, and Peter Achenbach
Subjects: Adult, Male, endocrine system, Diabetes risk, Adolescent, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Sensitivity and Specificity, Young Adult, Diabetes mellitus, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Family, In patient, Child, Autoantibodies, Type 1 diabetes, Glutamate Decarboxylase, business.industry, Autoantibody, Infant, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Clinical disease, Peptide Fragments, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Increased risk, Child, Preschool, Immunology, Disease Progression, Female, Radiobinding assay, business
Abstract: GAD autoantibodies (GADAs) identify individuals at increased risk of developing type 1 diabetes, but many people currently found to be GADA positive are unlikely to progress to clinical disease. More specific GADA assays are therefore needed. Recent international workshops have shown that the reactivity of sera from healthy donors varies according to assay type and indicated that the use of N-terminally truncated GAD65 radiolabels in GADA radiobinding assays is associated with higher specificity. To determine whether a radiobinding assay using radiolabeled GAD65(96–585) identified individuals who are at higher risk of developing diabetes, samples from recent-onset patients and GADA-positive first-degree relatives participating in the Bart’s-Oxford type 1 diabetes family study were reassayed with full-length or N-terminally truncated GAD using the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases harmonized protocol. The sensitivity in patients was the same with both labels, but fewer relatives retested positive with truncated GAD. Among relatives who progressed to diabetes, similar proportions were found to be GADA positive when tested with either label, but because of their higher specificity the cumulative risk of diabetes was higher in those with autoantibodies to GAD65(96–585). Autoantibodies to GAD65(96–585) in relatives are more closely associated with diabetes risk than those to full-length GAD, suggesting that assays using N-terminally truncated GAD should be used to select participants for intervention trials.
Published: 2015
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28. Study of 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza virus as a possible causative agent of diabetes

Author: Elisa Vicenzi, Claudio Doglioni, Ilaria Capua, Samantha Kasloff, Ilaria Marzinotto, Calogero Terregino, Vito Lampasona, Lorenzo Piemonti, Alessia Mercalli, Riccardo Bonfanti, Giovanni Cattoli, Matteo Samuele Pizzuto, Andrea Rigamonti, Aurora Romero-Tejeda, Valeria Sordi, Cristian De Battisti, Capua, Ilaria, Mercalli, Alessia, Romero-Tejeda, Aurora, Pizzuto, Matteo S, Kasloff, Samantha, Sordi, Valeria, Marzinotto, Ilaria, Lampasona, Vito, Vicenzi, Elisa, De Battisti, Cristian, Bonfanti, Riccardo, Rigamonti, Andrea, Terregino, Calogero, Doglioni, Claudio, Cattoli, Giovanni, and Piemonti, Lorenzo
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Blood Glucose, Male, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Clinical Biochemistry, medicine.disease_cause, Biochemistry, Autoimmunity, Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype, Mice, Inbred NOD, Insulin-Secreting Cells, Influenza A virus, Medicine, Child, NOD mice, medicine.anatomical_structure, Child, Preschool, RNA, Viral, Female, Pancreas, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Primary Cell Culture, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Virus, Cell Line, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Dogs, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Cell Line, Tumor, Influenza, Human, Animals, Humans, Pandemics, Type 1 diabetes, business.industry, Pancreatic islets, Biochemistry (medical), medicine.disease, Chemokine CXCL10, Mice, Inbred C57BL, 030104 developmental biology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Immunology, business
Abstract: Context Recent studies have suggested that influenza A virus (IAV) might be involved in the etiology of diabetes. Objective and methods To address this question, we tested the ability of H1N1 pandemic IAV to infect, replicate, and damage human β cells/pancreatic islets in vitro and induce pancreatic damage and/or glucose metabolism alterations in chemical and autoimmune models of β cell damage in vivo. Moreover, we looked for direct and/or indirect evidence of correlation between IAV infection and autoimmunity/diabetes in humans. Results Human H1N1 A/California/2009-derived viruses infected human pancreatic islets in vitro, inducing a proinflammatory response associated with substantial increases of CXCL9 and CXCL10 release. In vivo, infected mice showed a clear susceptibility to the virus, with its localization also found in extrapulmonary organs, including the pancreas. Infection was able to induce mild modifications of glycemia in C57B6 mice after chemical damage of islets but did not modulate the autoimmune damage of islets in NOD mice. One of 69 nasopharyngeal swabs collected from patients at the onset of type 1 diabetes yielded positive results for IAV. Pancreas sections from 17 organ donors available from the Network for Pancreatic Organ Donors With Diabetes showed the persistence of CXCL10-positive cells in islet autoimmunity-positive subjects; however, extremely rare cells stained for viral RNA and not preferentially in autoimmune subjects. Conclusion Influenza H1N1 pdm strains are able to infect and replicate in mammalian pancreatic cells both in vitro and in vivo but did not cause any functional impairment consistent with diabetes.
Published: 2018

29. Alloantibody and Autoantibody Monitoring Predicts Islet Transplantation Outcome in Human Type 1 Diabetes

Author: Vito Lampasona, Marina Scavini, Matthew J Everly, Mario Scalamogna, Antonio Secchi, Emanuele Bosi, Paul I. Terasaki, Ezio Bonifacio, Massimo Cardillo, Francesca Poli, Paola Maffi, Alessia Mercalli, Rita Nano, Alejandro Espadas de Arias, Valeria Sordi, Raffaella Melzi, Lorenzo Piemonti, Piemonti, Lorenzo, Everly, Mj, Maffi, P, Scavini, M, Poli, F, Nano, R, Cardillo, M, Melzi, R, Mercalli, A, Sordi, V, Lampasona, V, de Arias, Ae, Scalamogna, M, Bosi, Emanuele, Bonifacio, E, Secchi, Antonio, and Terasaki, Pi
Subjects: Adult, Male, endocrine system, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Islets of Langerhans Transplantation, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, 030230 surgery, medicine.disease_cause, Autoimmunity, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, Antigen, Isoantibodies, Monitoring, Immunologic, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Survival analysis, Antilymphocyte Serum, Original Research, Autoantibodies, Immunosuppression Therapy, Sirolimus, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, business.industry, Graft Survival, Autoantibody, Middle Aged, Mycophenolic Acid, Prognosis, Islet, Survival Analysis, 3. Good health, Transplantation, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Immunology, Commentary, biology.protein, Female, Immunology and Transplantation, Antibody, business, Biomarkers, Immunosuppressive Agents, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: Long-term clinical outcome of islet transplantation is hampered by the rejection and recurrence of autoimmunity. Accurate monitoring may allow for early detection and treatment of these potentially compromising immune events. Islet transplant outcome was analyzed in 59 consecutive pancreatic islet recipients in whom baseline and de novo posttransplant autoantibodies (GAD antibody, insulinoma-associated protein 2 antigen, zinc transporter type 8 antigen) and donor-specific alloantibodies (DSA) were quantified. Thirty-nine recipients (66%) showed DSA or autoantibody increases (de novo expression or titer increase) after islet transplantation. Recipients who had a posttransplant antibody increase showed similar initial performance but significantly lower graft survival than patients without an increase (islet autoantibodies P < 0.001, DSA P < 0.001). Posttransplant DSA or autoantibody increases were associated with HLA-DR mismatches (P = 0.008), induction with antithymocyte globulin (P = 0.0001), and pretransplant panel reactive alloantibody >15% in either class I or class II (P = 0.024) as independent risk factors and with rapamycin as protective (P = 0.006) against antibody increases. DSA or autoantibody increases after islet transplantation are important prognostic markers, and their identification could potentially lead to improved islet cell transplant outcomes.
Published: 2013
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30. Islet Autoantibodies

Author: Vito Lampasona and Daniela Liberati
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, endocrine system, endocrine system diseases, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, medicine.medical_treatment, Glutamate decarboxylase, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, medicine.disease_cause, Autoantigens, Autoimmunity, Islets of Langerhans, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Antigen, Internal Medicine, Animals, Humans, Insulin, Medicine, Autoantibodies, Type 1 diabetes, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, business.industry, Autoantibody, nutritional and metabolic diseases, medicine.disease, Islet, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, 030104 developmental biology, Immunology, biology.protein, Antibody, business, Biomarkers
Abstract: Islet autoantibodies are the main markers of pancreatic autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Islet autoantibodies recognize insulin (IAA), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA), protein phosphatase-like IA-2 (IA-2A), and ZnT8 (ZnT8A), all antigens that are found on secretory granules within pancreatic beta cells. Islet antibodies, measured by sensitive and specific liquid phase assays, are the key parameters of the autoimmune response monitored for diagnostics or prognostics in patients with T1D or for disease prediction in at-risk individuals before T1D onset. Islet autoantibodies have been the main tool used to explore the natural history of T1D; this review summarizes the current knowledge about the autoantigens and the phenotype of islets autoantibodies acquired in large prospective studies from birth in children at risk of developing T1D.
Published: 2016
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31. Autoantibody binding in liquid phase to IL-2 in human sera is not type 1 diabetes specific

Author: Cristina Brigatti, Lorenzo Piemonti, Angela Stabilini, Paolo Monti, Vito Lampasona, Daniela Liberati, Emanuele Bosi, Riccardo Bonfanti, Ilaria Marzinotto, Pathology/molecular and cellular medicine, Marzinotto, Ilaria, Liberati, Daniela, Brigatti, Cristina, Bonfanti, Riccardo, Stabilini, Angela, Monti, Paolo, Bosi, Emanuele, Piemonti, Lorenzo, and Lampasona, Vito
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Letter, Type 1 diabete, Immunoprecipitation, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Liquid phase, Autoimmunity, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, medicine.disease_cause, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Autoantibodies, Type 1 diabetes, business.industry, IL-2, Autoantibody, Human physiology, medicine.disease, Autoantibodie, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, 030104 developmental biology, Immunology, Interleukin-2, ELISA, LIPS, business
Published: 2017
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32. Beta cell function during rapamycin monotherapy in long-term type 1 diabetes

Author: Antonio Secchi, Paola Maffi, Lorenzo Piemonti, Vito Lampasona, Gianluca Perseghin, Lucilla D. Monti, Ezio Bonifacio, P. Magistretti, Piemonti, Lorenzo, Maffi, P., Monti, L., Lampasona, V., Perseghin, G., Magistretti, P., Secchi, Antonio, Bonifacio, E., Piemonti, L, Maffi, P, Monti, L, Lampasona, V, Perseghin, G, Magistretti, P, Secchi, A, and Bonifacio, E
Subjects: Male, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, medicine.medical_treatment, Gastroenterology, Immunosuppressive Agent, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Insulin-Secreting Cells, Sirolimu, media_common, Proinsulin, 0303 health sciences, C-peptide, Immunosuppression, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Female, Immunosuppressive Agents, Human, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, media_common.cataloged_instance, Rapamycin, human, European union, MED/13 - ENDOCRINOLOGIA, 030304 developmental biology, Sirolimus, Type 1 diabetes, rapamycin, business.industry, Insulin, Long-term type 1 diabete, medicine.disease, Transplantation, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Endocrinology, chemistry, Insulin-Secreting Cell, long-term type 1 diabete, business
Abstract: Aims/hypothesis: Type 1 diabetes is considered non-reversible at end-stage disease when there is no measurable insulin production. However, there are indications that insulin-producing beta cells could be present or return if autoimmunity could be controlled. We therefore sought to determine whether immunosuppression therapy can reinstate beta cell function in patients with long-term type 1 diabetes. Methods: We examined pancreatic beta cell function in 22 patients with long-term type 1 diabetes (median disease duration 27 years), who had been receiving rapamycin monotherapy (0.1 mg/kg; target trough levels 8-10 ng/ml; 26-314 days) as pre-conditioning for islet transplantation. As control, beta cell function was measured in 14 patients (median disease duration 17 years) who were waiting for an islet transplant without rapamycin pre-conditioning. Results: Fasting C-peptide increased from 0.076 nmol/l (C-peptide responders). Exogenous insulin requirement decreased from 0.64 U/kg daily (IQR 0.56-0.72) to 0.57 U/kg (IQR 0.45-0.70; p = 0.01), but this reduction was significant only in the 12C-peptide-responsive patients. Rapamycin monotherapy was also associated with a decrease in insulin antibody titre (median decrease 110 to 35.9 U/ml; p < 0.001) and fasting serum proinsulin (median decrease 0.51 to 0.28 pmol/l; p = 0.001). All variables remained unchanged in the 14 control patients. Conclusions/interpretation: Therapies to reinstate beta cell function may be applicable to patients with long-term C-peptide-negative type 1 diabetes. Trial registration: ClinicalTrial.gov NCT01060605 Funding: This study was funded by Telethon Italy and the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JT01Y01 and grant no. 6-2006-1098) and the European Union (DIAPREPP Project, FP7-HEALTH-202013). E. Bonifacio is funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (FZ111). © 2010 Springer-Verlag
Published: 2010
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33. Treatment of Thyroid-Associated Orbitopathy With Rituximab—A Novel Therapy for an Old Disease: Case Report and Literature Review

Author: Marina Scavini, Stefania Bianchi Marzoli, Sara Madaschi, Ilaria Formenti, Alessandro Rossini, Vito Lampasona, Elena Bazzigaluppi, Roberto Lanzi, Vittorio Martinelli, Gabriella Cammarata, Emanuele Bosi, Letterio S. Politi, Madaschi, S, Rossini, A, Formenti, I, Lampasona, V, Bianchi Marzoli, B, Cammarata, G, Politi, L, Martinelli, V, Bazzigaluppi, E, Scavini, M, Bosi, Emanuele, and Lanzi, R.
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Exophthalmos, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Stiff-Person Syndrome, Gastroenterology, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived, Endocrinology, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Immunologic Factors, Glucocorticoids, Autoantibodies, CD20, biology, business.industry, Contraindications, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Surgery, Graves Ophthalmopathy, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Treatment Outcome, Rheumatoid arthritis, Concomitant, Paraparesis, Spastic, Monoclonal, biology.protein, Rituximab, medicine.symptom, business, Stiff person syndrome, medicine.drug
Abstract: Objective To report the use of rituximab to treat thyroidassociated orbitopathy (TAO) in a patient with a concomitant B-cell organ-specific autoimmune disorder—the stiff person syndrome (SPS). Methods We present a case report and a review of the related literature. Results A 62-year-old man with SPS, latent autoimmune diabetes of the adult, and Graves-Basedow disease was referred to our medical center because of bilateral TAO. An ophthalmologic examination documented asymmetric bilateral NOSPECS (N = no signs or symptoms; O = only signs, no symptoms; S = soft tissue involvement; P = proptosis; E = extraocular muscle involvement; C = corneal involvement; and S = sight loss) class IV TAO (left eye > right eye) with a clinical activity score of 5 on a scale of 7. Magnetic resonance imaging of the orbits documented bilateral exophthalmos (left eye > right eye) due to retrobulbar fibroadipose infiltration, bilateral increase of extrinsic ocular muscle thickness, and enhancement of the left inferior rectus muscle on T2-weighted sequences. Because of concomitant incapacitating SPS and diet-controlled latent autoimmune diabetes of the adult, we excluded long-term corticosteroid therapy as an option and considered the use of rituximab, a mouse-human chimeric monoclonal antibody targeting the CD20 protein on pre-B and mature B lymphocytes. Rituximab was administered in accordance with the protocol for rheumatoid arthritis. During the subsequent 4 months, clinical signs and symptoms of TAO dramatically resolved (clinical activity score = 0 of 7) with a sustained improvement of the spastic paraparesis. The glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody titer remained high, and glycemic control and first-phase insulin secretion did not change. Conclusion Treatment of active TAO with rituximab should be considered when standard intravenous pulse glucocorticoid treatment is contraindicated or ineffective and when SPS or other organ-specific autoimmune disorders with involvement of humoral autoimmunity are present, inasmuch as more than 1 disease may benefit from the use of this chimeric monoclonal antibody. (Endocr Pract. 2010;16:677-685)
Published: 2010
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34. Zinc Transporter 8 Antibodies Complement GAD and IA-2 Antibodies in the Identification and Characterization of Adult-Onset Autoimmune Diabetes

Author: Marco Capizzi, Sara Bonicchio, Marco Songini, Sergio Di Pietro, Raffaella Buzzetti, Ezio Bonifacio, Claudio Tiberti, Marialuisa Spoletini, Francesco Giorgino, Vito Lampasona, Emanuele Bosi, and Antonio Petrone
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, medicine.medical_treatment, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Type 2 diabetes, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Thyroid peroxidase, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, Internal Medicine, medicine, Secretory granule membrane, 030304 developmental biology, Advanced and Specialized Nursing, 0303 health sciences, Type 1 diabetes, biology, business.industry, Insulin, Autoantibody, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Endocrinology, Zinc Transporter 8, Immunology, biology.protein, business
Abstract: OBJECTIVEZinc transporter 8 (ZnT8) is an islet β-cell secretory granule membrane protein recently identified as an autoantibody antigen in type 1 diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and role of antibodies to ZnT8 (ZnT8As) in adult-onset diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSZnT8As were measured by a radioimmunoprecipitation assay using recombinant ZnT8 COOH-terminal or NH2-terminal proteins in 193 patients with adult-onset autoimmune diabetes having antibodies to either GAD (GADAs) or IA-2 (IA-2As) and in 1,056 antibody-negative patients with type 2 diabetes from the Non Insulin Requiring Autoimmune Diabetes (NIRAD) study.RESULTSZnT8As-COOH were detected in 18.6% patients with autoimmune diabetes and 1.4% with type 2 diabetes. ZnT8As-NH2 were rare. ZnT8As were associated with younger age and a high GADA titer. The use of GADAs, IA-2As, and ZnT8As in combination allowed a stratification of clinical phenotype, with younger age of onset of diabetes and characteristics of more severe insulin deficiency (higher fasting glucose and A1C, lower BMI, total cholesterol, and triglycerides) in patients with all three markers, with progressive attenuation in patients with two, one, and no antibodies (all Ptrend < 0.001). Autoantibody titers, association with high-risk HLA genotypes, and prevalence of thyroid peroxidase antibodies followed the same trend (all P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONSZnT8As are detectable in a proportion of patients with adult-onset autoimmune diabetes and seem to be a valuable marker to differentiate clinical phenotypes.
Published: 2009
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35. (Ir)relevance of Metformin Treatment in Patients with Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer: An Open-Label, Randomized Phase II Trial

Author: Vito Lampasona, Lorenzo Piemonti, Paola Maggiora, Valeria Sordi, Roberto Nicoletti, Erica Dugnani, Carmen Belli, Marina Scavini, Gaetano Di Terlizzi, Massimo Falconi, Gianpaolo Balzano, Valentina Pasquale, Daniela Liberati, Michele Reni, Domenica Ceraulo, Claudio Doglioni, Stefano Cereda, Reni, Michele, Dugnani, Erica, Cereda, Stefano, Belli, Carmen, Balzano, Gianpaolo, Nicoletti, Roberto, Liberati, Daniela, Pasquale, Valentina, Scavini, Marina, Maggiora, Paola, Sordi, Valeria, Lampasona, Vito, Ceraulo, Domenica, Di Terlizzi, Gaetano, Doglioni, C, Falconi, Massimo, Piemonti, Lorenzo, and Pathology/molecular and cellular medicine
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Oncology, Adult, Male, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, endocrine system diseases, Population, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Deoxycytidine, Disease-Free Survival, Article, Clinical Trial, Phase II, Capecitabine, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, Journal Article, medicine, Clinical endpoint, Humans, education, Aged, Epirubicin, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Cancer, Middle Aged, Interim analysis, medicine.disease, Gemcitabine, Metformin, Surgery, Pancreatic Neoplasms, 030104 developmental biology, Treatment Outcome, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Randomized Controlled Trial, Female, Cisplatin, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: Purpose: We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of metformin for treating patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer and to identify endocrine and metabolic phenotypic features or tumor molecular markers associated with sensitivity to metformin antineoplastic action. Experimental Design: We designed an open-label, randomized, phase II trial to assess the efficacy of adding metformin to a standard systemic therapy with cisplatin, epirubicin, capecitabine, and gemcitabine (PEXG) in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer. Patients ages 18 years or older with metastatic pancreatic cancer were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive PEXG every 4 weeks in combination or not with 2 g oral metformin daily. The primary endpoint was 6-months progression-free survival (PFS-6) in the intention-to-treat population. Results: Between August 2010 and January 2014, we randomly assigned 60 patients to receive PEXG with (n = 31) or without metformin (n = 29). At the preplanned interim analysis, the study was ended for futility. PFS-6 was 52% [95% confidence interval (CI), 33–69] in the control group and 42% (95% CI, 24–59) in the metformin group (P = 0.61). Furthermore, there was no difference in disease-free survival and overall survival between groups. Despite endocrine metabolic modifications induced by metformin, there was no correlation with the outcome. Single-nucleotide polymorphism rs11212617 predicted glycemic response, but not tumor response to metformin. Gene expression on tumor tissue did not predict tumor response to metformin. Conclusions: Addition of metformin at the dose commonly used in diabetes did not improve outcome in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer treated with standard systemic therapy. Clin Cancer Res; 22(5); 1076–85. ©2015 AACR. See related commentary by Yang and Rustgi, p. 1031
Published: 2016

36. Detection of antibodies directed to the N-terminal region of GAD is dependent on assay format and contributes to differences in the specificity of GAD autoantibody assays for type 1 diabetes

Author: Rebecca Wyatt, Cristina Brigatti, Peter Achenbach, Participating Laboratories, Vito Lampasona, Alistair J K Williams, Beena Akolkar, Michael Schlosser, Patricia W. Mueller, William E. Winter, David L. Pittman, Stephanie Krause, Pathology/molecular and cellular medicine, and Diabetes Pathology & Therapy
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, autoantibodies, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Case-control studies, medicine.disease_cause, Sensitivity and Specificity, Epitope, Autoimmunity, Radioligand Assay, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, Internal Medicine, Medicine, Humans, Child, Type 1 diabetes, biology, business.industry, Autoantibody, Case-control study, Glutamate decarboxylase, epitopes, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Immunology, biology.protein, young adult, Female, Radiobinding assay, Immunology and Transplantation, Antibody, business
Abstract: Autoantibodies to glutamate decarboxylase (GADA) are sensitive markers of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes. They form the basis of robust prediction models and are widely used for recruitment of subjects at high risk of type 1 diabetes to prevention trials. However GADA are also found in many individuals at low risk of diabetes progression. To identify the sources of diabetes irrelevant GADA reactivity therefore, we analyzed data from the 2009 and 2010 Diabetes Autoantibody Standardization Program GADA workshop and found that binding of healthy control sera varied according to assay type. Characterization of control sera found positive by radiobinding assay, but negative by ELISA showed that many of these sera reacted to epitopes in the N-terminal region of the molecule. This finding prompted development of an N-terminally truncated GAD65 radiolabel, (35)S-GAD65(96-585), which improved the performance of most GADA radiobinding assays (RBAs) participating in an Islet Autoantibody Standardization Program GADA substudy. These detailed workshop comparisons have identified a source of disease-irrelevant signals in GADA RBAs and suggest that N-terminally truncated GAD labels will enable more specific measurement of GADA in type 1 diabetes.
Published: 2015
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37. No evidence of diabetes-specific CD38 (ADP ribosil cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase) autoantibodies by liquid-phase immunoprecipitation

Author: Silvia Cainarca, Valeria Sordi, Ezio Bonifacio, and Vito Lampasona
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Immunoprecipitation, medicine.drug_class, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, In Vitro Techniques, CD38, Monoclonal antibody, Sensitivity and Specificity, law.invention, Endocrinology, Western blot, law, hemic and lymphatic diseases, Internal medicine, Internal Medicine, Humans, Medicine, ADP-ribosyl Cyclase, Aged, Autoantibodies, biology, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Middle Aged, ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1, Molecular biology, Fusion protein, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Monoclonal, Recombinant DNA, biology.protein, Female, Antibody, business
Abstract: Aims/hypothesis Autoantibodies to the ADP ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase CD38 have been suggested to be markers of autoimmunity in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to develop a fluid phase assay for population screening. Methods Human recombinant CD38 was cloned and expressed by in vitro transcription and translation for fluid phase radio-binding assay, as a fusion protein in COS7 cells for fluid phase immunoprecipitation, and as a fusion protein for western blot assays. Antibody binding to each recombinant protein was measured in sera from patients with Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes and control subjects. Results Immunoprecipitation of radio-labelled in vitro transcribed and translated CD38 was low in all sera, including monoclonal anti-CD38 antibodies, with no difference between patients and control subjects. Monoclonal antibodies to CD38, but not patient or control sera immunoprecipitated recombinant CD38 fusion protein expressed in COS7 cells. Antibody binding to recombinant CD38 in solid-phase western blot assay was detected in sera from 2% of patients with Type 1 diabetes, 6% of patients with Type 2 diabetes, and 8% of control subjects. Conclusions This study failed to detect diabetes relevant binding of antibodies to recombinant CD38 using liquid-phase methods. Formal comparison of anti-CD38 antibody detection between laboratories is suggested.
Published: 2005
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38. BRAFV600E-mutation is invariably present and associated to oncogene-induced senescence in Erdheim-Chester disease

Author: Marina Ferrarini, Riccardo Biavasco, Lorenzo Dagna, Andreas von Deimling, Maria Giulia Cangi, Claudio Doglioni, Alvise Berti, B. Guglielmi, Maria Grazia Sabbadini, Corrado Campochiaro, Vito Lampasona, Greta Grassini, Giulio Cavalli, Elena DalCin, Cangi, Mg, Biavasco, R, Cavalli, G, Grassini, G, Dal Cin, E, Campochiaro, C, Guglielmi, B, Berti, A, Lampasona, V, von Deimling, A, Sabbadini, Mg, Ferrarini, M, Doglioni, Claudio, and Dagna, Lorenzo
Subjects: Adult, Male, Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf, Senescence, Erdheim-Chester Disease, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, genetic structures, Immunology, Polymerase Chain Reaction, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Pathogenesis, Rheumatology, Biopsy, medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Cellular Senescence, Histiocyte, Aged, Inflammation, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Histiocytes, Oncogenes, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Immunohistochemistry, Histiocytosis, Mutation, Erdheim–Chester disease, Leukocytes, Mononuclear, Female, Gene polymorphism, business, Sequence Analysis
Abstract: Objectives Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare form of histiocytosis characterised by uncontrolled chronic inflammation. The oncogenic BRAF V600E mutation has been reported in biopsies in 19 out of 37 patients with ECD from the largest published cohort, but never found in the patients’ peripheral blood. Also, the role of the mutation in the pathogenesis of the disease has not been elucidated yet. BRAF V600E has been associated with oncogene-induced senescence (OIS), a protective mechanism against oncogenic events, characterised by the induction of proinflammatory pathways. Methods We verified the BRAF status in biopsies and peripheral blood from 18 patients with ECD from our cohort and matched controls by means of immunohistochemistry and of an ultrasensitive assay, based on the combination of a locked nucleic acid PCR and pyrosequencing. Droplet digital PCR was used to confirm the findings. We also evaluated the presence of senescence markers in ECD histiocytes. Results BRAF V600E mutation was present in all the biopsy and peripheral blood samples from patients with ECD and in none of the controls. ECD histiocytes and a fraction of circulating monocytes from patients with ECD showed signs of a constitutive activation of the MAPK pathway. Moreover, BRAF-mutated histiocytes expressed markers of OIS. Conclusions The oncogenic BRAF V600E mutation is present in biopsies and in the peripheral blood from all patients with ECD who were evaluated and is associated with OIS. These findings have significant implications for the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of ECD.
Published: 2015

39. Diabetes Antibody Standardization Program

Author: Vito Lampasona, Patricia W. Mueller, Polly J. Bingley, Participating Laboratories, Michael Schlosser, and Peter Achenbach
Subjects: Male, Laboratory Proficiency Testing, medicine.medical_specialty, Emerging Treatments and Technologies, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Concordance, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Sensitivity and Specificity, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Interquartile range, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Internal Medicine, Humans, Medicine, Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 8, Prediabetes, Original Research, Autoantibodies, 030304 developmental biology, Immunoassay, Advanced and Specialized Nursing, 0303 health sciences, Type 1 diabetes, Receiver operating characteristic, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Autoantibody, Reference Standards, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, ROC Curve, Area Under Curve, Case-Control Studies, Immunology, Female, business
Abstract: OBJECTIVE Autoantibodies to IA-2β (IA-2βA) are important risk markers of type 1 diabetes. We report the first Diabetes Antibody Standardization Program (DASP) evaluation of IA-2βA assays. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Thirteen laboratories from nine countries received coded sera from 50 patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes and 100 healthy blood donors. IA-2βA results were analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Concordance of antibody levels was compared using counts per minute (cpm), local and standard curve–derived common units. RESULTS Median laboratory-assigned sensitivity was 47% (interquartile range [IQR] 45–51), specificity 98% (IQR 95–99), adjusted sensitivity at 95% specificity 50% (IQR 49–53), and area under the ROC curve 0.70 (IQR 0.69–0.73). Use of common IA-2βA units improved concordance between assays compared with local units and cpm (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS IA-2βA assays in multiple laboratories worldwide achieved good concordance and high specificity for type 1 diabetes. IA-2βA are suitable for inclusion in autoantibody testing for risk assessment in prediabetes.
Published: 2011
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40. Luminescent Immunoprecipitation System (LIPS) for Detection of Autoantibodies Against ATP4A and ATP4B Subunits of Gastric Proton Pump H+,K+-ATPase in Atrophic Body Gastritis Patients

Author: Howard W. Davidson, Cristina Brigatti, Ilaria Marzinotto, Janet M. Wenzlau, Edith Lahner, Giulia Scalese, Bruno Annibale, Marilia Carabotti, Emanuele Bosi, Vito Lampasona, Lorenzo Piemonti, Lahner, Edith, Brigatti, Cristina, Marzinotto, Ilaria, Carabotti, Marilia, Scalese, Giulia, Davidson, Howard W, Wenzlau, Janet M, Bosi, Emanuele, Piemonti, Lorenzo, Annibale, Bruno, Lampasona, Vito, and Pathology/molecular and cellular medicine
Subjects: Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, biology, Immunoprecipitation, business.industry, Original Contributions, ATPase, Gastroenterology, Autoantibody, Molecular biology, 3. Good health, Proton pump, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Journal Article, medicine, biology.protein, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Gastritis, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: Circulating autoantibodies targeting the H+/K+-ATPase proton pump of gastric parietal cells are considered markers of autoimmune gastritis, whose diagnostic accuracy in atrophic body gastritis, the pathological lesion of autoimmune gastritis, remains unknown. This study aimed to assess autoantibodies against ATP4A and ATP4B subunits of parietal cells H+, K+-ATPase in atrophic body gastritis patients and controls. METHODS: One-hundred and four cases with atrophic body gastritis and 205 controls were assessed for serological autoantibodies specific for ATP4A or ATP4B subunits using luminescent immunoprecipitation system (LIPS). Recombinant luciferase-reporter-fused-antigens were expressed by in vitro transcription-translation (ATP4A) or after transfection in Expi293F cells (ATP4B), incubated with test sera, and immune complexes recovered using protein-A-sepharose. LIPS assays were compared with a commercial enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for parietal cell autoantibodies. RESULTS: ATP4A and ATP4B autoantibody titers were higher in cases compared to controls (P
Published: 2017
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41. Similar low frequency of anti-MOG IgG and IgM in MS patients and healthy subjects

Author: Roberto Furlan, Ezio Bonifacio, Diego Franciotta, G. Comi, S. Zanaboni, Gianvito Martino, Raffaella Fazio, and Vito Lampasona
Subjects: Adult, Male, Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental, Adolescent, Encephalomyelitis, Autoantigens, Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, Mice, Radioligand Assay, Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting, immune system diseases, Animals, Humans, Medicine, Autoantibodies, biology, business.industry, Multiple sclerosis, Middle Aged, Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive, medicine.disease, Oligodendrocyte, nervous system diseases, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein, Titer, medicine.anatomical_structure, Immunoglobulin M, nervous system, Immunoglobulin G, Immunology, biology.protein, Female, Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein, Rabbits, Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis, Neurology (clinical), Radiobinding assay, Antibody, business, Myelin Proteins, Demyelinating Diseases
Abstract: The authors used a liquid-phase radiobinding assay to measure serum anti-myelin oligodendrocyte protein (MOG) immunoglobulin (Ig) G in 87 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), in 12 patients with encephalomyelitis, and in 47 healthy subjects. Anti-MOG IgM was determined in samples obtained at onset from 40 of 87 patients with MS and in control subjects. The frequency of positive samples with low titers of anti-MOG IgG (or =5.7%) and IgM (or =8.3%) was similar in all the groups and subgroups. Binding competition experiments showed that these antibodies had low affinity. Anti-MOG antibodies are not disease specific.
Published: 2004
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42. No evidence of enteroviruses in the intestine of patients with type 1 diabetes

Author: K. Klingel, Johanna Ekström, Davit Bzhalava, Alessia Mercalli, Valeria Sordi, Merja Roivainen, Andrea Mario Bolla, Joakim Dillner, Alberto Mariani, Luca Albarello, Vito Lampasona, C. Lombardoni, Emanuele Bosi, Lorenzo Piemonti, Mercalli, A, Lampasona, V, Klingel, K, Albarello, L, Lombardoni, C, Ekström, J, Sordi, V, Bolla, A, Mariani, A, Bzhalava, D, Dillner, J, Roivainen, M, Bosi, Emanuele, and Piemonti, Lorenzo
Subjects: Adult, Male, Adolescent, viruses, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, medicine.disease_cause, Virus Replication, Coeliac disease, Virus, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Biopsy, Internal Medicine, medicine, Enterovirus Infections, Humans, Intestinal Mucosa, Child, In Situ Hybridization, 030304 developmental biology, Aged, Enterovirus, 0303 health sciences, Type 1 diabetes, biology, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, virus diseases, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Virology, Immunohistochemistry, 3. Good health, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Child, Preschool, biology.protein, RNA, Viral, Female, Antibody, business, Immunostaining
Abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the gut mucosa is a reservoir for enterovirus persistence in patients with type 1 diabetes.METHODS: Small intestine biopsy samples from 25 individuals at different stages of type 1 diabetes, 21 control individuals and 27 individuals with coeliac disease were analysed for the presence of enterovirus RNA by using both radioactive in-situ hybridisation and real-time RT-PCR and for the presence of enterovirus proteins by immunostaining with antibodies against VP1 and VP4-2-3 capsid proteins and virus polymerase. Lymphocytic enteropathy and serum anti-VP1 antibodies were also evaluated at the time of biopsy. Moreover, high-throughput sequencing was performed to identify viral transcripts or genomes.RESULTS: Enterovirus was not detected by in-situ hybridisation or RT-PCR in any of the individuals tested. Immunohistology revealed a few stained cells in the intestinal epithelium in a low number of individuals, with no difference between diabetic and non-diabetic individuals. Levels of serum IgG against VP1 did not differ between control individuals and those with diabetes or coeliac disease and no evidence of diabetes-related lymphocytic enteropathy was detected. High-throughput sequencing did not reveal specific enterovirus sequences in the gut mucosa of individuals with type 1 diabetes.CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Prolonged/persistent enterovirus infections in gut mucosa are not common in patients with type 1 diabetes
Published: 2012

43. Zinc transporter 8 autoantibodies increase the predictive value of islet autoantibodies for function loss of technically successful solitary pancreas transplant

Author: Fabio Vistoli, Marina Scavini, Emanuele Bosi, Piero Marchetti, Elena Bazzigaluppi, Vito Lampasona, Ugo Boggi, and Margherita Occhipinti
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Renal function, Autoimmunity, Zinc Transporter 8, Pancreas transplantation, medicine.disease_cause, Gastroenterology, Islets of Langerhans, Recurrence, Internal medicine, Medicine, Humans, Cation Transport Proteins, Autoantibodies, Transplantation, Type 1 diabetes, business.industry, Glutamate Decarboxylase, Graft Survival, Autoantibody, medicine.disease, medicine.anatomical_structure, Immune System, Immunology, Female, Pancreas Transplantation, business, Pancreas, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: BACKGROUND Despite the success rate of solitary pancreas transplantation in type 1 diabetes with preserved kidney function has greatly improved in recent years, a residual proportion of failures persists. METHODS With the aim of investigating autoimmunity as an unrecognized cause of graft failure, we measured autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA), insulinoma-associated protein 2 (IA-2A) and the recently discovered zinc transporter 8 antigen (ZnT8A) in 25 recipients of technically successful solitary pancreas transplantation. RESULTS The overall pancreas graft survival was 92%, 88%, and 80% at 2, 4, and 6 years, respectively. Fourteen patients (56%) had one or more autoantibodies before transplantation, with no effect on subsequent pancreas graft outcome. After transplantation, major autoantibody changes (serum conversion from negative to positive, spreading from one to multiple autoantibodies, or titer increase) were observed in 5 of 25 recipients: in four patients, the autoantibody change was followed by the loss of graft function (95% sensitivity, 80% positive predictive value), with a significantly lower graft survival compared with patients without autoantibodies (P
Published: 2011

44. Diabetes antibody standardization program: First proficiency evaluation of assays for autoantibodies to zinc transporter 8

Author: Vito Lampasona, John C. Hutton, Peter Achenbach, Janet M. Wenzlau, Alistair J K Williams, Participating Laboratories, Patricia W. Mueller, and Michael Schlosser
Subjects: 0303 health sciences, Type 1 diabetes, biology, Immunoprecipitation, business.industry, Biochemistry (medical), Clinical Biochemistry, Autoantibody, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, medicine.disease, Molecular biology, 3. Good health, no keywords, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Antigen, Interquartile range, Zinc Transporter 8, Diabetes mellitus, Immunology, medicine, biology.protein, Antibody, business, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: BACKGROUND Zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8) is a recently identified major autoantigen in type 1 diabetes, and autoantibodies to ZnT8 (ZnT8A) are new markers for disease prediction and diagnosis. Here we report the results of the first international proficiency evaluation of ZnT8A assays by the Diabetes Antibody Standardization Program (DASP). METHODS After a pilot workshop in 2007, an expanded ZnT8A workshop was held in 2009, with 26 participating laboratories from 13 countries submitting results of 63 different assays. ZnT8A levels were measured in coded sera from 50 patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes and 100 blood donor controls. Results were analyzed comparing area under the ROC curve (ROC-AUC), sensitivity adjusted to 95% specificity (AS95), concordance of sample ZnT8A positive or negative designation, and autoantibody levels. RESULTS ZnT8A radio binding assays (RBAs) based on combined immunoprecipitation of the 2 most frequent ZnT8 COOH-terminal domain polymorphic variants showed a median ROC-AUC of 0.848 [interquartile range (IQR) 0.796–0.878] and a median AS95 of 70% (IQR 60%–72%). These RBAs were more sensitive than assays using as antigen either 1 ZnT8 variant only or chimeric constructs joining NH2- and COOH-terminal domains, assays based on immunoprecipitation and bioluminescent detection, or assays based on immunofluorescent staining of cells transfected with full-length antigen. CONCLUSIONS The DASP workshop identified immunoprecipitation-based ZnT8A assays and antigen constructs that achieved both a high degree of sensitivity and specificity and were suitable for more widespread clinical application.
Published: 2011

45. Developing and Validating High Sensitivity/Specificity Autoantibody Assays

Author: Anne Eugster, Vito Lampasona, and Ezio Bonifacio
Subjects: Type 1 diabetes, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Autoantibody, Disease, medicine.disease, Clinical disease, Pathogenesis, Antigen, Track disease, Immunoassay, Immunology, Medicine, business
Abstract: Endocrine autoimmune diseases are frequently characterised by the presence of autoantibodies to the affected target organ. These autoantibodies appear prior to clinical disease and can be used as markers to identify individuals with preclinical disease, track disease pathogenesis and in some cases to classify disease. Autoantibodies to a multitude of antigens have been described, and in many diseases there are multiple target autoantigens reported. Some, but not all reported autoantibodies are valid disease markers. Here we discuss the process of identifying bona fide disease-relevant autoantibody markers and how to achieve highly sensitive and specific standardised assays for their measurement.
Published: 2010
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46. Antiacquaporin 4 antibodies detection by different techniques in neuromyelitis optica patients

Author: Gianvito Martino, Maria Luisa Malosio, F. Marnetto, D. De Feo, Raffaella Fazio, Vito Lampasona, Diego Centonze, G. Comi, Angelo Ghezzi, Daniela Privitera, Roberto Furlan, Fazio, R, Malosio, Ml, Lampasona, V, De Feo, D, Privitera, D, Marnetto, F, Centonze, D, Ghezzi, A, Furlan, R, Comi, G, and Martino, G
Subjects: Male, Pathology, Sensitivity and Specificity, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Adolescent, Middle Aged, Aquaporin 4, Flow Cytometry, Cohort Studies, Autoantibodies, Child, Aged, Brain, Adult, Radioimmunoprecipitation Assay, Antibody Specificity, Diagnosis, Differential, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Young Adult, Female, Risk Factors, Humans, Immunoglobulin G, Neuromyelitis Optica, Multiple Sclerosis, Myelitis, Transverse, Transverse myelitis, Transverse, Diagnosis, biology, medicine.diagnostic_test, Myelitis, Neurology, Settore MED/26 - Neurologia, Antibody, medicine.medical_specialty, Immunofluorescence, Flow cytometry, medicine, Neuromyelitis optica, business.industry, Multiple sclerosis, medicine.disease, Differential, biology.protein, Neurology (clinical), business
Abstract: Background: Antibodies against aquaporin-4 (AQP4), a water channel particularly expressed on perivascular astrocytic podocytes, are proposed as a marker for the diagnosis of neuromyelitis optica (NMO). However, a consensus on seroprevalence and optimal detection method has not yet been reached. Objectives: To investigate the performance of different assays to detect anti-AQP4 antibodies. Methods: We set up five different assays. Two of them were capable to detect perivascular IgG reactivity on brain tissue by immunofluorescence (NMO-IgG). Other three assays have been set to detect anti-AQP4 antibodies: immunofluorescence and flow cytometry on AQP4-expressing cells, and a radioimmunoprecipitation assay. We assessed sensitivity and specificity of these assays by interrogating sera of 33 NMO patients, 13 patients at high risk to develop NMO (hrNMO), 6 patients affected by acute partial transverse myelitis (APTM), 20 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), and 67 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Results: We found that the presence of serum NMO-IgG and anti-AQP4 reactivity is almost exclusively restricted to patients with NMO and hrNMO. Seroprevalence and sensitivity ranged from 30 to 47%, depending on the assay. Specificity ranged from 95 to 100%. Comparing results obtained in the five assays, we noticed lack of concordance in some samples. Conclusions: Detection of NMO-IgG or anti-AQP4 antibodies may represent a valuable tool to assist neurologists in the differential diagnosis between patients with NMO, hrNMO, APTM, or MS. The current lack of a gold standard to detect anti-AQP4 antibodies implies the necessity to standardize the detection of these antibodies.
Published: 2009

47. GAD autoantibodies and epitope reactivities persist after diagnosis in latent autoimmune diabetes in adults but do not predict disease progression: UKPDS 77

Author: M Desai, Jonathan C. Levy, Carole A. Cull, Vito Lampasona, Ezio Bonifacio, Ian R. Mackay, V A Horton, A.a h Clark, Michael R. Christie, Polly J. Bingley, P.g Zimmet, and Rury R. Holman
Subjects: Adult, Male, Time Factors, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, medicine.medical_treatment, United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study, medicine.disease_cause, Autoimmunity, Body Mass Index, Epitopes, Predictive Value of Tests, Diabetes mellitus, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Age of Onset, Autoantibodies, Autoimmune disease, Glycated Hemoglobin, Type 1 diabetes, business.industry, Glutamate Decarboxylase, Insulin, Autoantibody, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Peptide Fragments, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Immunology, Disease Progression, Female, Age of onset, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) is a slowly progressive form of autoimmune diabetes, with autoantibodies to islet proteins developing in older patients who have no immediate requirement for insulin therapy. Markers of its clinical course are uncharacterised. The aim of this study was to determine whether persistence of, or changes in, GAD65 autoantibodies (GADAs) in the LADA patients who participated in the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) were associated with disease progression or insulin requirement. METHODS: GADA levels and their relative epitope reactivities to N-terminal, middle and C-terminal regions of human GAD65 were determined in 242 UKPDS patients who were GADA-positive at diagnosis; samples taken after 0.5, 3 and 6 years of follow-up were tested using a radiobinding assay. Comparisons were made of GADA status with clinical details and disease progression assessed by the requirement for intensified glucose-lowering therapy. RESULTS: GADA levels fluctuated between 0.5 and 6 years but persisted in 225 of 242 patients. No association of GADA levels with disease progression or insulin requirement was observed. Antibody reactivity was directed to C-terminal and middle epitopes of GAD65 in >70% patients, and the N-terminal in
Published: 2007

48. Autoantibodies

Author: Ezio Bonifacio and Vito Lampasona
Subjects: Autoimmune disease, Type 1 diabetes, biology, business.industry, T cell, Autoantibody, Disease, medicine.disease, Pathogenesis, medicine.anatomical_structure, Antigen, Immunology, medicine, biology.protein, Antibody, business
Abstract: This chapter discusses autoantibodies and explains how they may be useful in clinical practice. Type 1 diabetes is used as a model disease, and examples are cited from other diseases or autoantibodies where relevant. In an autoimmune disease, autoantibodies are the specific soluble circulating effectors of the disease process. Autoantibodies are usually of IgG isotype and therefore are likely to have similar requirements as that of antibodies for their production, that is, a source of antigen and specific T cell help. Changes in the amount of antigen exposure or in T cell help should therefore result in changes in the amount or qualities of autoantibody that is produced and found in the circulation. In view of the fact that many therapies aim to modulate these two parameters to prevent or ameliorate autoimmune disease, autoantibodies should be useful indirect markers to monitor the efficacy of intervention. Autoantibodies are considered aberrant in the concept of tolerance to self-proteins and therefore should be useful markers for disease diagnosis, pathogenesis, or prediction. Use of autoantibodies for tracking preclinical disease and for monitoring disease or treatment efficacy is also explained.
Published: 2005
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49. 40(th) EASD Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes : Munich, Germany, 5-9 September 2004

Author: S. Artigas, A V Dreval, Mark I. McCarthy, C Watson, Peter H. Bennett, M Quint, Y Ikeda, E Alpert, F Schiele, H Sekihara, Erik Gylfe, P Lowe, J Kuhlmann, Alain Golay, V Longo, Shahidul Alam Khan Akm., L G Mantovani, M Zawodniak-Szalapska, G Winkler, T Harrity, L Virág, U Johne, Kuo S-W., Linda C Tapsell, J Rodriguez, Michel Komajda, K Kankova, Carole A. Cull, M Sporna, E Estilles, U Ribel, M C Spruce, E Buzzigoli, T Prazak, J K McLaughlin, M K Lingohr, M Lim, F Calara, A Siebenhofer, G Meregalli, Roberto Anichini, A D Baron, R Kurashvili, P C Butler, G I Fantus, T. E. De Gooyer, Park Y-M., R. Walther, S Heinrich, Agnieszka Zawiejska, S Mukherjee, Nikolaos Papanas, G Wong, Ian D. Caterson, David M. Maahs, Shuichi Kaneko, Alexandra E. Butler, Francisco Javier Ampudia-Blasco, O N Kong, Attali J-R., C A Hedman, K Oshinyemi, Nicolle Müller, I C Cranston, N Okumus, M V Vlaiculescu, Balasubramanian Ravikumar, W W Cheatham, K Mukasa, K B Biswas, Annunziata Lapolla, Phil McEwan, G Mader, Gilles Chassot, Dragi Anevski, Werner A. Scherbaum, M Donath, C Hesselmann, R A Gandhi, David E. Moller, Ezio Bonifacio, C Garcia, V Ifandi, P Hornnes, Nieuwenhoven Fav., C Puech, S Pérez-Del-Pulgar, Kim S-R., G Hines, C Rubio Terrés, Michael Gaster, N. Hosszufalusi, A Scholze, Andrew A. Young, Stavros Liatis, F Hariri, S Tan, Paul Valensi, Allan E. Karlsen, J Kim, E. Moberg, J Kaiser, L Berman, G Nelson, A Altkrüger, P Kothare, D B Cook, S Doran, G. van Dijk, Shahnaz Shahinfar, Kim C-S., P Stahl, M Manousaki, S Sigrist, S K Lim, M. P. Stern, A Guberti, C Rezzani, J McKenney, Karl Thomaseth, Sofia Carlsson, M Julia, R Brillante, I Rubesova, T Darkow, E Matsumoto, Wendy M. Macfarlane, M Di Martino, G Bardini, Rossella Menghini, D Duhot, E Farcasiu, Annalisa Natalicchio, I Lindner, J Buvat, Christian L. Brand, Harry Dorchy, Iwona Pietrzak, Z T Luo, P Home, M Ekelund, Jesper Gromada, Kristine Færch, F Piarulli, H Kim, R Mentel, Zsuzsanna K. Zsengellér, Dullaart Rpf., Anton Luger, Thomas A. Pearson, V Manicardi, P Rösen, Feng Y-M., R Morganti, Lars Hansen, Demuth H-U., Haruo Kasai, A Shostak, Rudi Steffensen, G Taylor, Markolf Hanefeld, C Santini, E Hamaguchi, Roberto Miccoli, F Storms, M Cooper, Y Lee, Allison E. Aiello, P Smith, T Suehiro, K Treece, M Waluś, Timothy A Welborn, Simone Baltrusch, E Kontela, S Chai, J Crean, H Yokoyama, Johan G. Eriksson, Rafael Hernández Hernández, J Rodríguez-Saldaña, M P Tornero, G Formoso, D. Lovell, E Bingham, A Mylonakis, M Manteghetti, D Fedele, Antonio Martín-Duce, Ralph A. DeFronzo, D Salcedo, Kurt Højlund, Antonio Petrone, Sheu Whh., C Gutierrez, Flavia Pricci, S Kurita, Z G Abbas, M M Benedetti, Philippe A. Halban, Daniel J. Cox, O Ljungkvist, Justine Davies, J Palsgaard, Lars Sjöström, E Bosi, L Janin-Manificat, W. F. Kelly, M. Fernandez, E Colak, O V Mulyarchik, B Kronshage, F Lang, M Erfurth, Takashi Kadowaki, N Jendrike, U Walter, J Wishart, Y. Neye, D Kim, N Furuhashi, M Barsotti, D Florow, L Ke, L Borgquist, N C Jackson, Ffolliott M. Fisher, V Baskar, K Yoshioka, Bryan A. Wolf, G Chabrier, R Skoumal, Livio Luzi, H Kose, I Pharisien, B. Klein, H Winiarska, M C Johnson, L Griffiths, Nonna Kravchun, C Combe, Baptist Gallwitz, J Zdychova, L Skorda, Jorma Ilonen, W Gao, I N Steen, A Terrinoni, P D Ambery, W Kern, C M Kusminski, Cho M-H., Paolo Pozzilli, Louise G. Grunnet, E Schönle, David R Matthews, Robert W. Taylor, Y Cohen, Kim H-S., M P Eccles, N B Tutuncu, D McDowell, Richard M. Bergenstal, K Takamatsu, T Steiner, Jaan Palgi, Valdemar Grill, N Niculescu, G Federici, S Lehto, P. M. McKeigue, M Barone, Michael E. Trautmann, S Smirnov, J Mannion, M Eto, C Rousseau, M Conti, C S Ernest, Antonio Ceriello, D H Schweitzer, Jung E-D., Andreas Festa, Avijit Lahiri, A Shepelkevich, A Murro, A Kollmann, Jonathan R.S. Arch, R Landgraf, Son H-Y., I Engelsberger, E Agardh, S Rodríguez-Mulero, P J Kraml, K Lee, D. F. Du Toit, E Kim, G Fadini, Williams Ajk., Philip Home, M B Antcieferov, C Perlemoine, D Perrea, Song X-L., D Ruggieri, Krister Bokvist, Heidi Sørensen, Bilbao, G Yoshino, J P Taylor, Shen H-M., S M Furier, R Urquhart, J Wohlgelernter, Jianping Weng, T. Baba, Q Hong, C Silva, Castaigne J-P., M Felaco, X X Zhang, M Jaroň, Milla Rosengård-Bärlund, J G Papp, Toshio Miyata, Lervang H-H., Park M-K., I Kinalska, A Long, Oomen Phn., N Kogawa, Ippolita Patrizia Patera, S. Karadeniz, Dinesh Selvarajah, D S Chung, A Wensaas, Richard Imrich, M Recasens, J Ruxer, O Buchea, E Wilpart, S P Stepanenko, Le Ttd., H Ohgawara, Mariaconsuelo Valentini, A Mondok, M Peltonen, Marianne O. 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D. Mountjoy, Z Morrison, Elizabeth A. Davis, Franco Cavallo, C Corvaja, R Antuña, Craig John Currie, H Linnebjerg, He Y-L., A J Palmer, Mariola R. Chacón, H Malinska, M. Jones, R Lichnovská, K Mandes, Paolo Tessari, T Mokhort, A Laina, H. L. Y. Chan, I Schmidt, R Banks, Richard G. IJzerman, L Ksinantova, G Setti, H Vaudry, A Gallo, V Spallone, Chen J-W., Thomas Danne, A Chong, M Hallschmid, S Aczel, S Hulme, N Islam, M Hosoi, P M Ternan, P Di Bartolo, N Bishara, T Shibasaki, Martin A. Osterhoff, Im S-S., M Jecht, T Hamaguchi, S Mattera, K Ways, Elizabeth Northam, U Rajala, Reinhard W. Holl, L Yang, S Panaiotopoulos, K Horvath, R Kluge, Thora B. Bodvarsdottir, Y Dong, Irene Alemanno, C McDougall, Reimar W. Thomsen, M Campbell, W Rabl, John Öhrvik, Yuichiro Yamada, Paola Ungaro, W Benzer, Mike Sampson, Roberto Trevisan, R G Radu, Aas A-M., P E Lobo, Ricardo Scott, S M Son, Josephine M. Forbes, T A Hillier, K L Wyne, Louis L. 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Thornalley, A Chaidaroglou, K Miura, B Zinman, O M Dvoynishnikova, J Plank, Jan Bolinder, C Lush, B Rubi, R Pozzilli, M Bashir, S A Shtandel, F Mosca, A Naskalska, Josef Vcelak, U Sausbier, P Cavaiani, T U Baehring, Michele Solimena, P Formisano, M Rastaldi, Bernard Thorens, J Ruzzin, E Arbit, M. Hori, Torkel B. Brismar, E Soltes Rak, A Filo, P Heinke, Matthew P. Coghlan, M Masotti, I Perevozskaya, K Ahn, I Moules, K Van Dyck, I Goldstein, Z Mathe, G Z Zhao, S Fajardo, J Taylor, S Chrul, J C Pareja, D Hadjidakis, A J Scheen, N Siddiqua, D C Cavan, R Grella, Krabbe S, H J Rochlitz, A E Hinkkanen, W Wilpshaar, Richard Stevens, M Dreyer, S Hara, X Wang, Melania Manco, D Gillen, Magalie A. Ravier, Olli Simell, John C. Lawrence, Kohnert K-D., Agardh C-D., A Berghold, L Kristensen, Grant Sfa., N Gursoy, Leif Groop, N Freemantle, Anja Schweizer, L Pala, Legros J-J., C. Di Pietro, N. Yamamoto, J Magyar, B Nikolovski, H Ikeda, D Lee, Bruce A. 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Ahmann, E Jebens, J Keiding, Elena Henkel, Mark Fineman, J F McRae, Carol Forsblom, S Martemucci, Lourdes Ibáñez, P G Prieto, L Ringholm Nielsen, S Pratas, B von Stritzky, Julio Rosenstock, Lee K-W., J Stocks, L J Strow, I Samarguliani, L Wennekes, R Cheung, Abhishek Nag, Roberto Gambino, Y Suleymanoglu, E Murphy, T T Durck, M F Peyrot, Y Unno, Alexander Mayorov, Eleuterio Ferrannini, D. C. Rao, D Neely, H Karunajeewa, J Palmisano, Julia B. Lewis, M Ravid, G Pons, E Junca, P Vexiau, S Sailesh, D K Miloslavskiy, O N Bondarenko, U Smith, S Torri, Constantine Tsigos, Cesario Bianchi, Mattia Locatelli, D Jaquet, Virpi Lindi, M Moroi, M E Tushuizen, P Pelicci, R Scognamiglio, Pal Pacher, S M Thyssen, A Péterfalvi, Y Ho, S Guntram, L Romics, T Nakagami, Clive S. Cockram, Irina Kowalska, K Brodbeck, Gojka Roglic, J. Dörig, Lise Tarnow, Therese Tillin, A López-Alba, Martin Krššák, Moses Elisaf, S Hata, D P Snoeck, D Schmoll, O V Udovichenko, A Scaramuzza, J Paul, John H. Fuller, Nicholas Katsilambros, Michele Muggeo, Pia Ekbom, Piero Marchetti, V Melki, C Bailleau, H Stavrianos, A D'Errico, Geremia B. Bolli, Amabile Maier, Kelter A-R., Anders Green, Q J Morélis, Steffen Thiel, C Watkins, R C Cheung, A Clark, Elvira Fioriti, N Ari, Nam J-Y., Y Cottin, L G Krinelke, H Al Mohammedi, Simon C. Fleming, C Jones, Z Kerényi, Ahn Y-H., Meile M-J., P Nánási, M Graner, V Canonico, Gangnerau M-N., Hugh R. Taylor, Giovanni Sartore, A. Dejgaard, Carol Kelley, S. Ali, Stéphane Dalle, Jeffrey S. Gonzalez, Elena Šeböková, Alexander Beck, Ingo B. Leibiger, M Rosu, C Pencea, Werner Waldhäusl, Kaltenbacher M-C., R Butzer, S Thore, Adam G. Tabak, Angelo Avogaro, E Standi, Boris Kovatchev, O Bradescu, Patrizia Dentelli, A Fujita, C Verri, R Chlup, Prasad Ydm., S V Hörsten, van der Merwe M-T., D Hilliard, W Klein, D Worthley, M Udvardy, Berit R. Jensen, A D'Avanzo, J Monaghan, K P Yeo, Guivarch P-H., B Bauduceau, D Weghuber, P Tatti, J Ybarra, S Gwozdziewiczová, E Gasparini, B Saltin, Charlotte Granhall, Howard Leventhal, R Marin, M Tumiati, Cicero Afg., L Csémy, B Berger, S Mikros, D Dall'Asta, M Shahmanesh, Y G Vasiljev, F Potthoff, H S Randeva, G De Berardis, J O Logan, K Warncke, P Uitterlinden, E Rehring, K Gilmore, K Shankhdhar, V V Bojko, M Vahatalo, E A Korolyova, D Wiemann, P G Lankisch, D Hendrie, F Galtier, M Rybarczyk, Gisela Dahlquist, N N Rudovich, G Stein, A Liebl, F Tan, A Westerlund, S Gronemann, I Franklin, Jonathan A. Prince, Peter Arner, E Skliros, T. Sparre, M Vigas, Maddalena Trombetta, L. Bjerre Knudsen, A C Sima, I Dubroca, Alastair Gray, I Weets, R Ferraresi, Schauer Ujw., E. Leinonen, S Corazza, Jonathan Levy, P K Prakash, R Guzder, S. Barnhill, John Blangero, J Herreros, G. de Vries, Cheng Ptw., A Macías-Batista, K. Capito, R Thomas, G Thomas, G Boemi, Lotte Pietraszek, Pierre Fontaine, I Holme, J Smedegaard, C A Harrop, U Helwig, B Levy, A P Gribben, Hiroto Furuta, P Beckett, S Giannini, Ruth L. Coleman, Eva Fernqvist-Forbes, N Cugnardey, A Dumas, Jane Pinaire, S E Hofer, D Shimono, Erik H. Serné, Alain D. Baron, C Battista, M Tanen, M Klementova, V Adams, J Komorowski, Antonio Nicolucci, E. C. Burns, H Sydall, M G Fanara, M G Giovannitti, N Okabayashi, Magdalena Szurkowska, I A Eroshkin, M. I. J. Uusitupa, D Ma, C C Dieguez, J Sutcliffe-Goulden, A V Gaddi, Michał Arabski, Serge Halimi, Wendy C. Burns, S Seclén, H Sugano, A Vinterby, K Backx, L F Diaconu, Fernando Gomez-Peralta, O'Harte Fpm., G Lepeniotis, D Laune, H Kvasničková, N H Wallén, G Boner, G Cieślik, Robert Hermann, Paul Q. Thomas, Y Kumon, Maria Maiello, M Atkins, Kenneth A. Earle, Guowang Xu, H Y Bae, I Reynisdottir, D Perez, D E Cannon, P Fabietti, I Geronooz, J Østergaard, K J Jeitler, S Skourtis, A Zambanini, A Saemann, K Kuboki, Helen L. Lutgers, A C Thai, Arne Melander, D Pinkowski, S G Straub, S A Wolfe-Coote, A Totora, Hayley Dickinson, A Lindenmair, A Ginis, I Faturos, F Van Eylen, C Huard, F Fu, N Wang, B M Rasmussen, Angela Napoli, L Granato, Markus M. Lerch, M. Frandsen, A Lyras, Lawrence S. Phillips, J Mabley, R Goldschmeding, B K Kilhovd, W Liu, Greg Poffenberger, P Cipriano, Anna Maria Charlotte K Lindqvist, A Matsuzawa, J Wang, T Yu, M S Pepper, Lena M. Thorn, Y Sakamoto, Blanche Schwappach, Anna L. Gloyn, P Dupraz, A. M. Schmidt, M Psallas, V Tsirimbis, Carl D. Langefeld, D Sass, H E Scholtz, M. Cailleau, Lauren Julia Brown, K Phillips, M. Iezzi, C Jayawarna, Eleni Anastasiou, R Lobmann, R Lundershausen, H Fujiwara, H R Nan, I C Smith, I A Karpova, A Navazio, S Kang, T. Hansen, T Watanabe, Gang Hu, Malik Rja., T Kennedy-Martin, Ulla M Smidt, J.M. Dekker, A A Fisher, H Liu, R E Pratley, B Sun, C Fledelius, J F Raposo, R Langham, Ahn S-Y., B R Waterhouse, Shaoping Deng, W Ricart, S V Melnichenko, Henrike Sell, M. Tomalino, N Takeda, Paola Massucco, A Harlan, W Henrich, C D Byrne, R Junik, Khalid Hussain, D Pop Gorceva, Torben Hansen, C Ritterath, K Ogawa, D V Phan, Bradley S Metcalf, Robb E. Moses, Juan P. Frias, Hitoshi Ishii, C Brisard, P Wolkow, H H Maurer, Ingo Rustenbeck, Juris J. Meier, Octavian Savu, S D Lin, V B Bregovski, A Fox, S Cicala, M. Koenen, L Vignati, O de Divitiis, Constantin Ionescu-Tirgoviste, Kilian Rittig, J Song, Riccardo Candido, F Cohen-Boulakia, U Shankhdhar, P Jahan, Antonio Tiengo, E Liepinsh, C Álvarez, Sigurd Lenzen, James E. Foley, A. del Arco, M A Maitan, U Mollenhauer, M A Na, A Beha, B Aicher, Gabriele Meyer, E Sommariva, J Åman, B Gmeinhart, Theede A-M., Bjorn Bolinder, Giulio Ceolotto, S Sbrana, F Biarnes, Damini Dey, Barbara Thorand, H H Klein, Juliana C.N. Chan, L Piconi, S Gudbjornsdottir, E Bobbioni-Harsch, Joanna Polanska, Cristian Serafinceanu, S Gambardella, Olivier Huber, J D Brunzell, T Nagasawa, Loretta Vileikyte, A Szocs, H Löwel, Z Lin, Anders Juul, H Tsuneki, L Sauriol, G Siebert, Marit E. Jørgensen, K Matthies, Brian D. Green, P Jurowski, Z Gao, M Furuya, Silvia Manfrini, Efthymios Motakis, E Souvatzoglou, Qian Y-Z., Byun S-H., T Nguyen, M R Anwar, Geltrude Mingrone, B. Idzior-Walus, Mamas A. Mamas, G Scholl-Schilling, C Bittner, A E Raptis, L Laghi, Murray Stewart, M Orel, Janet M. Bryson, Chris P Gale, Åke Lernmark, A B Escorza-Domínguez, C Fuentes, A S Einarsdottir, M O Akinsola, P Maisonneuve, K S Leong, B Missler, Simona Frontoni, Con Tsalamandris, Flavio Francini, D Rouiller, B.E. de Galan, Girolama Alessandra Marfia, M Fioravanti, A E Weber, M Nargis, P Nowacki, Y Chen, B Larsen, Ruth E. Gimeno, A Wojciechowska Luźniak, R Meisterfeld, Limei Liu, A Ohashi, T Pieber, Bin Yao, G A Herman, M Pallini, R E Honkanen, H Nyblom, R Humbrecht, Takashi Tsuboi, Pinar Topsever, Monika Kellerer, J Woods, Steen Stender, C Kapitza, Sherwyn Schwartz, M Taskiran, N Hashimoto, A Jabin Gustafsson, K C Silva, I Nitz, S Dzienis-Straczkowska, H Elouil, L Sommese, Patricia A. McKinney, S Ogawa, E Carr, I Porchay, Robyn G Langham, Bruno Vergès, K H Usadel, S Sivakumaran, H M Hearnshaw, José Luis Santos, R Ishibashi, F Huq, Lebrethon M-C., Z Leshchenko, Elisabetta Torlone, A Saltiki, A Plaschke, Wolfgang Koenig, D. D'Avola, C L McTernan, Haruhiko Osawa, G Cazzetta, S J Lee, S Al Jebely, Hoogma Rpl., A Shimizu, Tack Cjj., Itamar Raz, Adrian Vella, P. B. M. de Andrade, Aguiar Lgk., Wolfgang E. Schmidt, T Wolthers, W. Gatling, T S Purewal, Philipp E. Scherer, E Heller, Stephan Gielen, Jo S-R., Monica Vedovato, L Nosek, R Ryder, G Giassakis, A Cretti, A Wajngot, T Waldhör, S Zoric, H C Lee, L Pulkkinen, L Lacey, I Tomescu, R S Patarrao, X C Liu, Lauge Schäffer, Jarkko Ustinov, Anders Thorell, K Kangawa, P J Wood, T Yeoh, Jo Satoh, G Psaras, Volker Burkart, Karin Schindler, Dario Pitocco, M Kolopp, Gabriela Roman, E Renström, M Goldberg, M Beregszaszi, S Senkel, M F Meyer, María Luisa Villanueva-Peñacarrillo, Elena Beltramo, J E Snaar, A Hayward, C Abreu-Padí, S E Vielwerth, R Krones, C C Stanciu, M Izquierdo, I Elbing, R Astorga, V I Bouloukos, P Zabielski, S Precerutti, Kang S-Y., K L Pratt, Joost H-G., Matthew L. Iorio, Naomi S. Levitt, Yutaka Seino, Peter A. Gottlieb, I Ehrén, Y Matsuyama, Jean Claude Mbanya, S Parveen, R Purvis, A Cappadona, V V Afanasyeva, K Löbner, S Del Guerra, V Valle, Victor A. Gault, M Tan, M M Budge, I Ioannidis, M Ishizawa, Castelli, D Nowak, János Rigó, Claudia Bleck, E Degli Esposti, C Tortul, M Klebach, E Schvarcz, L Pauline, D Krusova, J Csillag, Park K-G., Kaichi Kida, P Bialasiewicz, S Seeliger, B A Williams, P Mistry, T Nicer, N Ahmed, H Ohashi, Peter Achenbach, van Hessen Paw., Jesús Cancelas, E Cizmarova, D Takahashi, K Tanaka, A M Rojo Llobet, Q Chen, A J Garber, P Halban, B Brunmair, A Barthel, M R Katdare, Dominique Laude, M E Pavkov, C Leach, C M Breschi, S Okada, B Balent, Ornella Massa, Ravi K. Garg, van Loon Ljc., K Obuobie, W Moll, L Varanese, V Smejkalova, B Royer, M Roth, M Belfiglio, Chae M-K., I Kimura, Casper G. Schalkwijk, Hans-Jürgen Hedrich, Heinsbroek Acm., Jared Rutter, Ken Williams, K O Lee, A N Symeonidis, J B Brown, M Pfeuffer, W. C. Knowler, A N Barsukov, A Woods, T W Kim, Khalid Bak., Andrea Mari, David J. Pettitt, Y Tomioka, J Hochman, Mireia Mora Porta, K Pagava, Krzysztof C. Lewandowski, J Taton, T Yasaka, M Tyrberg, M Sargin, P Szenthe, R Sicree, C Abreu-Padín, Magdalena Lundgren, J Radziuk, Eili Tranheim Kase, W L Goudzwaard, Yanbing Li, E Ramos, H Monastiriotis, J Cur, S Pu, Lakka H-M., Park J-S., Fabrizio Barbetti, S. Ciani, Pavel Flachs, N C Correia, Angela A. Rivellese, F Ebara, Nicolas Musi, H van Ahlen, Helen M. Colhoun, Anna Czech, Steen B. Pedersen, N Jost, N Da Silva, J Nóvoa, Y Onuma, Anna Körner, D Michael, M Straczkowski, I. Truyen, R. Schmid, Søren Paaske Johnsen, H Koenig, B. Miranda-Palma, E Wasén, F Pervin, P Cavallo-Perin, M Niessen, E P Shavrikova, P Tarkun, M Vavlukis, H Gang, O Sánchez-Vilar, C Dalla Man, S. M. Haffner, R Eggertsen, L Pucci, F T Fiedorek, E I Mainas, H Holdass, Peter R. Shepherd, A Banu, R Lichiardopol, Lee M-K., N Zaytseva, B Gumbiner, Strotmann H-J., L Y Baranova, A Kissebah, A Pezzatini, I Kharroubi, N A Thornberry, A J Buckley, B Pontiggia, T Chen, M Ikebukuro, J Leach, C Frost, J Han, H Hashizume, G Poulsen, H Eckert, Paul Zimmet, Lee J-H., Peter E. Heding, S A Ross, Nils J. Færgeman, Giuseppe Penno, T Varbanova, H S Shon, Z Canturk, S Akahane, Noel G. Morgan, A Sener, Seronde M-E., P K Thaware, W Insull, S Forst, K E White, Christoffer Hedetoft, M R Holland, K Okamoto, F Yamagata, Markus Lassila, N Tanaka, Kristian Midthjell, R Isoaho, D A Legemate, M Motzkau, Y H Kang, A P Nescheret, J Boiko, Hemmo A. Drexhage, Gagik R Galstyan, Naim Shehadeh, Henning Beck-Nielsen, T I Justesen, O Kalter-Leibovici, T Vahlberg, M Mozdzan, G Siegert, V Dumenil, Katsumi Eguchi, J A Vazquez, Sally Hollis, H Haberland, A Souvatzoglou, M L Gavete, K. S. Nair, Katharine R. Owen, C Garcia-Rodenas, Gerald I. Shulman, Peters, H A Parkes, Y S Kim, Mats Rönnback, Isabelle Leclerc, Marie-Hélène Giroix, I D Caterson, S G Rønn, L Scionti, Silvia Pinach, Hans Christian Reinecker, Kathryn Noyes, P McTernan, C Y Tan, N. Lalic, Richard D. Carr, M. Toman, D Papazoglou, Domenico Bosco, G Lübben, F. Costanza, Tania Maffucci, Jonas Nygren, Ole Lander Svendsen, Kristin Taylor, Ugo Boggi, A Kayserilioglu, Gudmar Thorleifsson, G J Dunseath, B. Balkau, T Zieher, M Schwarts, A. R. Cobitz, P de Pablos, I Recas, Carlos Lorenzo, Pamela J. Shaw, Y Cho, C Münscher, Anna Maestroni, Milan Zdravkovic, Gerstl E-M., L L Xiu, Yoshitaka Kajimoto, A Deb, F Osaki, G Kirilov, B Staffler, Běla Bendlová, M Rebelatto, Frank Reimann, B Ø Christoffersen, S Durant, Fruchart J-C., Ravinder J. Singh, V Connolly, Q Zhang, Alexandra Kautzky-Willer, Francesco Andreozzi, N Talai Rad, V Loyková, Trampisch H-J., Stefano Menini, F. Rodríguez de Fonseca, W Hanif, H J Böhles, S Fotiadis, Philippe André, T Kubiak, T Friede, J Murin, Erwin Schleicher, Adam Garrow, M Takahashi, P Valensi, S Pappas, E Lim, D N Staroverova, C Tadgell, C Dessapt, Brittany A. Rasmussen, L Cheung, L E Porter, R Ishihara, J Ravisy, T Inukai, Christine Winzer, E M Özer, Nish Chaturvedi, Ana Chico, Ville-Petteri Mäkinen, N Bellili, Howlader, Jansson P-A., A Martella, Jan Frystyk, T Kakko, K Hershon, S Hoashi, B Nag, C Chabrolle, B Leatherdale, J. Lu, Stephen Colagiuri, C Brendel, Michael Roden, Peter Clausen, A L Macdonald, R A DeFronzo, F A VanNieuwenhoven, Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Jonas J-C., Hobbs Fdr., H Uchino, S Del Prato, E Polakowska, L Shankhdhar, Hedrich H-J., S Rodriguez-Cuenca, A Schwarzmaier-D'Assie, K Fukuda, Robert H. Eckel, A. Hilding, A Rutscher, D Kerr, Junhua Li, C. Köhler, A Banaszak, Peter Lönnroth, P Wulff, M A Gruzov, Fariba Shojaee-Moradie, S Matsumoto, J P New, N Barthes, M G Leyck Dieken, Mian Li, O Ivanova, G Papalia, K A Nilsson, Parving H-H., P Merz, M. A. Schweitzer, A Morris, P. Andersen, O Tschritter, M Fitch, V Fejfarova, Elisabeth Bernroider, E C Kiawi, M de Kerdanet, Claus B. Juhl, C Taxvig, Kerstin Berntorp, Birgitte Andersen, C Coscelli, C Ktori, Norio Abiru, R Mössner, Hiroko Hirooka, Jens J. Holst, Q Dan, H F Gu, C Gimpelewicz, A Oeckinghaus, B DelBuono, J Kuroda, P Kastner, Clemens Fürnsinn, H Usui, R Mosqueda-Garcia, P De Meyts, K Yamagami, M Tóth, V Leite, H Alberti, M Meneses, Gregory Collier, E G Starostina, C Delaporte, Agostino Consoli, François Alhenc-Gelas, S Tonstad, G Schuler, J Juszczyk, G Hoefle, M Wilken, Mark A. Yorek, Volker Lodwig, G Edwards, E Catellani, Ewa Wender-Ozegowska, Kurt Hoffmann, I Markova, Steven J. Hunter, A Venkataraman, Bente Klarlund Pedersen, A Kengne, Ken K. Ong, L A Calo, M Huckova, Y Morikawa, Pierina Richiusa, D Giuffrida, Sonia Brichard, Giuseppe Paolisso, Andrew T. Hattersley, M Vankova, Jon G. Mabley, G Salvidio, M Montolio, X Yang, Barbara N. Campaigne, Ralph R. Turner, Andrew J.M. Boulton, P Johnston, S Berchtold, Roger Corder, D Ledwig, M. Di Mauro, Houweling, J H Bowker, J Hilsted, Shin D-W., B Kiran, E Esteve, A J Cameron, S Spera, Kathrin Maedler, S Tsujii, J. H. DeVries, S Cailleaux, M Walter, A Florén, R Lehtonen, Davis Tme., N Patsourakos, J. Marco, G Lepore, L Morcillo, J Burén, Paul Smits, Juraj Koska, Chung J-H., Katherine S. Elliott, Bong Soo Cha, Christian Weyer, F Montorsi, L G Søndergaard, H Horie, M Herten, N Aghamohamadzadeh, L A Scrocchi, A Oyarzún, Rutten Geh., K Yamada, M Zivkovic, R S Beifort, Lee I-K., S D Bouman, H Böhles, Dwight E. Matthews, Orville G. Kolterman, Bidda Rolin, I Shymanskyy, P Thomakos, John Strand, A Virkamäki, C M Clark, Y Tokumasa, Odusanya Pot., Joel F. Habener, Abel López-Bermejo, Anders Tengholm, D Argon, Lajoix A-D., N Aki, L Kessler, N Takahashi, A Zmysłowska, Kåre I. Birkeland, D Soon, Lars Køber, M Vaňková, Lee W-C., F Payeras-Más, C Lau, E Ramos Lopez, L Lukic, A Suehiro, Stephan J-A., I Estalella, Jørgen Jensen, Liaqat Ali, V S Dimitrijevic Sreckovic, V P Maximova, G Salietti, M Ding, Yuksel Altuntas, Chung K-D., F Kaufman, Ludwig Wagner, C Calvi, D X Gram, David G. Bruce, K Sprenger, M Schweers, D Kush, D B Panagiotakos, J. M. Currie, Luis Castaño, Dag E. Undlien, D. Haspel, A Suzuki, J Cederholm, S Garcia, L Cynober, P O'Hare, A Tsur, Christine Zimmermann, M Faimalie, V V Poltorak, S Alba, Axel Haupt, J Varga, Tetsuya Yamada, M Shoji, R H Lloyd-Mostyn, Péter Pusztai, Doney Asf., M N Gangnerau, I Shimizu, Henrik Ortsäter, F Liska, Mandeep Bajaj, H Sarui, Michal Andel, S Chiheb, Diane Barker, A. van Tol, Brigitte Reusens, I Anafaroglu, Giel Nijpels, F Bongardt, K Taxildaris, M. 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Ward, René Gross, S K Althouse, S Woodhead, Emmanuel Cosson, T Rönnemaa, T M Filiz, Jerzy Loba, S Sha, Klas Malmberg, Carlo Pesce, Jung D-S., I Majdrakova, Thomas Forst, M Schütt, Hierl F-X., A M Efanov, I Verschraegen, H B Jensen-Holm, D Deckhut, Frida Leonetti, N Selzle, G Cassetti, Jose L Mesa, G Morrison, Christian-Heinz Anderwald, C Kliebe-Frisch, J H Moffitt, P Lahm, Hiroshi Ishiguro, E. Borgo, A Keech, L Quagliaro, Thomas O. Ola, Henquin J-C., W J Sluiter, F Leprêtre, Kalliopi Kotsa, Peter Karl Jacobsen, E Sanchez-Largo, E Gaia, Daniel R. Witte, Sidsel Graff-Iversen, G Seebohm, E Cacès, R G Khalifah, W Wilson, Avan Aihie Sayer, C Raffaitin, J Gumprecht, T Lehmann, E Migliaccio, R Urrutia, E Shelestova, A V Chervonsky, Stefan Mustafa, Y Hisano, Erik A. Richter, J Miettinen, K M Gottesdiener, Gangyi Yang, D Chevenne, A Girach, P Samuelsson, Taskinen M-R., D Ciociaro, D Aydemir, Yang S-B., P De, Dongliang Zhuang, Nathan R. 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Jensen, G, Fisher, A, Petrovsky, N, Srikusalanukul, W, Budge, M, Trifunovic zamaklar, D, Zivkovic, M, Jelic, V, Vukomanovic, G, Ristic, A, Seferovic, P, Costa, J, Duarte, S, Manley, S, Sailesh, S, Venkataraman, A, Haider, Y, Groza, I, Oprean, M, Ardelean, A, Morosanu, A, Darkow, T, Vanderplas, A, Mamas, M, Mcelduff, P, Burns, J, Edwards, R, Fitchet, A, Young, R, Gibson, J, Lichiardopol, R, Niculescu, N, Totora, A, Pencea, C, Tomescu, I, Cinteza, M, Manicardi, V, Coscelli, C, Navazio, A, Catellani, E, Michelini, M, Dall'Asta, D, Guberti, A, Piazza, A, Gasparini, E, Pantaleoni, M, Guiducci, U, Manari, A, Sejil, S, Janand delenne, B, Avierinos, J, Habib, G, Labastie, N, Vague, P, Lassmann vague, V, Luźniak, P, Tatoń, J, Wojciechowska Luźniak, A, Zairis, M, Lyras, A, Patsourakos, N, Tsirimbis, V, Foussas, S, Lupón, J, Urrutia, A, Herreros, J, González, B, Coll, R, Altimir, S, Prats, M, Valle, V, Abreu padí, C, Rábago, G, Ivanova, L, Brasacchio, D, Harno, E, Keenan, A, Li, H, Lu, Z, Ke, L, Liu, H, Jeong, I, Chae, M, Choi, M, Yoo, H, Kim, C, Yun, M, Na, M, Kang, Y, Kong, O, Son, S, Kim, I, Tanaka, N, Hosoi, M, Matsuyama, Y, Fukumoto, M, Yamakita, T, Yoshioka, K, Ishii, T, Sato, T, Fujii, S, Aoki, T, Shibata, T, Mizutani, N, Suzuki, J, Fowelin, J, Samuelsson, P, Brandrup wogsen, G, Okumura, K, Tokmakova, A, Staroverova, D, Antcieferov, M, Shutichina, I, Kuntchevich, G, Vriesendorp, T, Morélis, Q, Legemate, D, Schaper, F, Mainas, E, Gkioulmpasanis, I, Panagiotou, I, Vassilikos, G, Skorda, L, Sidira, M, Christoforidou, M, Alaveras, A, Artikis, V, Evdemon, E, Lechleitner, M, Koch, T, Ebenbichler, C, Sturm, W, Moretti, L, Moruzzo, D, Boldrini, E, Pandolfo, C, Kameyama, M, Iwasa, R, Cho, M, Nam, J, Huh, K, Kaplar, M, Paragh, G, Erdei, A, Csongradi, E, Garai, I, Varga, J, Galuska, L, Udvardy, M, Higa, M, Kaneko, Y, Hiroi, N, Koziarska, D, Nowacki, P, Majkowska, L, Luzniak, P, Wojciechowska luźniak, A, Tushuizen, M, Nieuwland, R, Snoeck, D, Sturk, A, Diamant, M, Aguiar, L, Bahia, L, Villela, N, Laflor, C, Conde, C, Bottino, D, Dorigo, D, Bouskela, E, Pu, S, Luo, Z, Lam, K, Dan, Q, Xu, A, Shen, J, Cheng, K, Xu, J, Thamer, C, Stefan, N, Haap, M, Heller, E, Tschritter, O, De Prado, A, Ortiz, A, Ybarra, J, Gich, I, Pou, J, Ehren, M, Roggenland, D, Reinsen, B, Klein, H, Rittig, K, Stock, J, Kocher, B, Balletshofer, B, Shon, H, Chung, D, Nakatani, Y, Matsuhisa, M, Kaneto, H, Hatazaki, M, Yoshiuchi, K, Katakami, N, Kawamori, D, Ohtoshi, K, Sakamoto, K, Matsuoka, T, Ozawa, K, Ogawa, S, Hori, M, Yamasaki, Y, Zitouni, K, Harry, D, Nourooz zadeh, J, Earle, K, Olesen, P, Franco, L, Corvaja, C, Semplicini, A, Ceylan işık, A, Arı, N, Rösen, P, Lee, I, Park, K, Jung, E, Shin, D, Jo, S, Obuobie, K, Prakash, P, Hanna, F, Lazarus, J, Varadhan, L, Gurushankar, J, James, D, Sheikh, S, Gaede, P, Zou, D, Vilarrasa, N, Perez maraver, M, Mena, E, Perez, D, Setti, G, Buckingham, R, Urbančič, V, Stefanovska, A, Bernjak, A, Ažman juvan, K, Kocijančič, A, Glowania, A, Filters, T, Fosmark, D, Torjesen, P, Kilhovd, B, Berg, T, Sandvik, L, Hanssen, K, Mentink, C, Donchenko, G, Stepanenko, S, Maingrette, F, Deng, H, Lindenmair, A, Freudenthaler, A, Baumgartner parzer, S, Nizheradze, K, Khoruzhenko, A, Tronko, N, Sheu, W, Ou, H, Shen, H, Lin, T, Wu, H, Yang, C, Mogylnytska, L, Schmoelzer, I, Davies, J, Band, M, Struthers, A, Prázný, M, Škrha, J, Kasalová, Z, Neelotpol, S, Jahan, P, Kauschke, S, Harrop, C, Schäfer, A, Widder, J, Eigenthaler, M, Walter, U, Uchimura, I, Ikebukuro, M, Kaibara, M, Hirata, M, Helal, R, Pervin, F, Yang, X, Jansson, P, Nagaev, I, Jack, M, Carvalho, E, Sunnerhagen, K, Cam, M, Cushman, S, Smith, U, Creely, S, Farmer, J, Gustafson, B, Kusminski, C, Krusinova, E, Wohl, P, Klementova, M, Lanska, V, Mcdougall, C, Kelly, I, Abbas, Z, Lutale, J, Archibald, L, Karunajeewa, H, Stingemore, N, Stuccio, G, Mcgechie, D, Muller, L, Hak, E, Goudzwaard, W, Montorsi, F, Homering, M, Sprenger, K, Goldstein, I, Asnaghi, V, Ferrari, G, Rastaldi, M, Gabellini, D, Dell'Antonio, G, Maestroni, A, Ruggieri, D, Luzi, L, Piemonti, L, Zerbini, G, Anafaroglu, I, Tutuncu, N, Sultana, M, Siddiqua, N, Iwasaki, T, Nakajima, A, Yoneda, M, Mukasa, K, Tanaka, S, and Sekihara, H
Subjects: 0303 health sciences, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, EASD, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Human physiology, medicine.disease, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Family medicine, Internal Medicine, Medicine, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, 030304 developmental biology
Published: 2004

50. Antibodies to tissue transglutaminase C in type I diabetes

Author: A. Venerando, Emanuele Bosi, Vito Lampasona, Riccardo Bonfanti, Elena Bazzigaluppi, Giuseppe Chiumello, Ezio Bonifacio, Lampasona, V, Bonfanti, R, Bazzigaluppi, E, Venerando, A, Chiumello, G, Bosi, Emanuele, and Bonifacio, E.
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Tissue transglutaminase, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Radioimmunoassay, medicine.disease_cause, Coeliac disease, Autoimmunity, Pathogenesis, Cohort Studies, GTP-Binding Proteins, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Protein Glutamine gamma Glutamyltransferase 2, Child, Aged, Autoantibodies, Autoimmune disease, Aged, 80 and over, Transglutaminases, biology, business.industry, Histocompatibility Testing, Autoantibody, Infant, HLA-DR Antigens, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Immunoglobulin A, Celiac Disease, Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Child, Preschool, Immunoglobulin G, Immunology, biology.protein, Female, Antibody, business, HLA-DRB1 Chains
Abstract: Aims/hypothesis. Silent coeliac disease is a gluten driven autoimmune disease which is relatively frequent in patients with Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. To determine the extent of gluten associated autoimmunity in Type I diabetes, autoantibodies to tissue transglutaminase C, a major autoantigen in coeliac disease, were measured in patients with new-onset Type I diabetes. Methods. We measured IgG and IgA tissue transglutaminase C autoantibodies using human recombinant antigen and radio-binding assays in a cohort of 287 patients with new-onset Type I diabetes, 119 with Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and in 213 control subjects. Results. We found IgA and IgG tissue transglutaminase C antibodies in 24 (8 %) patients with Type I diabetes; 97 (33 %) patients had IgG antibodies only and 1 IgA antibodies only. Antibody concentrations were highest in those with both IgA and IgG antibodies. Only 2 (2 %) patients with Type II diabetes and 2 (1 %) control subjects had either IgG or IgA tissue transglutaminase C antibodies. Patients with HLA DRB1 * 04 alleles had the highest prevalence of IgG tissue transglutaminase C antibodies. Conclusion/Interpretation. These data show that almost 10 % of patients have autoimmunity typical of coeliac disease and that another 30 % have low level tissue transglutaminase C antibody binding. This high prevalence suggests either involvement of the gut in the pathogenesis of Type I diabetes or that transglutaminase is a secondary autoantigen resulting from beta-cell destruction. [Diabetologia (1999) 42: 1195–1198]
Published: 1999

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