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2,131 results on '"Sayeed, A."'

1. An Enhanced Energy Efficient Lightweight Cryptography Method for various IoT devices

Author

M Madheswaran, K P Sujith, P Prakasam, and Shohel Sayeed

Subjects
Computer Networks and Communications, Computer science, Information technology, 02 engineering and technology, Memory, Artificial Intelligence, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Field-programmable gate array, MATLAB, computer.programming_language, Lightweight cryptography, Histogram, Lightweight, business.industry, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, SIGNAL (programming language), 8-bit, 020206 networking & telecommunications, T58.5-58.64, Correlation, Power (physics), Hardware and Architecture, Power consumption, Embedded system, Cryptography, The Internet, business, computer, Software, Information Systems, Efficient energy use
Abstract

Internet of Things (IoT) is an auspicious technology that will connect more number of devices through an internet. The huge number of communication expected to transmit high data securely is an important problem in recent days. In this paper, an Enhanced Energy Efficient Lightweight Cryptography Method which utilizes 8 bit manipulation principle (E3LCM) has been proposed. The proposed method has been verified for speech signal using MATLAB. The hardware complexity has been validated using Sparten3E XC3S500E FPGA devices and it has been found that the proposed method consumes 202mW power and 0.9 Kbytes RAM and it outperforms other methods.

Published
2021
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2. Headache Clinic in a Psychiatric Hospital

Author

Neha Sayeed, Avinash Sharma, Jyoti Mishra, Christoday R. J. Khess, and Sayeed Akhtar

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Family medicine, medicine, Psychiatric hospital, business
Published
2021
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6. Financial loss due to foot and mouth disease outbreak in cattle in some affected areas of Bangladesh

Author

MA Sayeed, M Giasuddin, MZ Ali, and E Islam

Subjects
General Energy, Foot-and-mouth disease, business.industry, Outbreak, Medicine, business, Socioeconomics, medicine.disease
Abstract

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a severe and highly contagious disease that causes immense financial losses due to mortality, reduced milk production, treatment cost of affected cattle, weight loss of fattening cattle and manpower loss for taking care of affected cattle, which occurs in Bangladesh almost every year. Outbreak of this disease causes financial loss to the farmers as well as the national economy of Bangladesh. Therefore, an attempt was made to assess the morbidity and mortality by FMD and to estimate financial loss incurred therein. For this study, data were collected from 850 affected households of Dhaka, Rajshahi, Rangpur, Khulna and Chattogram divisions of Bangladesh during July 2017 to June 2018 using a pre-tested interview schedule responding to the study objectives. In total, there were 4857 crossbred and 2138 native cattle in the affected household. The study revealed that the overall morbidity and mortality rates were 55.43% and 5.15%, respectively in crossbred cattle and 77.83% and 12.39%, respectively in native cattle and it differed significantly (p

Published
2021
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7. Influential factors for access to and participation in rehabilitation for people with lower limb amputation in East, South, and Southeast Asian developing countries: a scoping review

Author

Michael P Dillon, Shapin Ibne Sayeed, Rwth Stuckey, and Jodi Oakman

Subjects
Government, Rehabilitation, Referral, business.industry, Family support, medicine.medical_treatment, CINAHL, Southeast asian, Nursing, Health care, medicine, business, Psychology, Socioeconomic status
Abstract

PURPOSE To explore factors impacting access to and participation in rehabilitation for people with lower limb amputation (LLA) in East, South, and Southeast Asian developing countries. MATERIALS AND METHODS A scoping review was undertaken following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Five electronic databases (PsycINFO (Ovid), Medline (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO), AMED, and Proquest Social Sciences) were searched for articles from January 1980 till March 2020. Two authors independently assessed articles for inclusion. Included articles were classified according to the Health Care Delivery System Approach (HCDSA) framework levels. RESULTS Twenty-four studies from 14 countries were identified. At patient level, age, gender, limited rehabilitation awareness, and economic status; at the rehabilitation level, gaps in referrals, family support, and professional skills; at the environmental level, services availability, and location; and, at government level, service costs, income loss, and lack of supporting policies were identified as important influencing factors. CONCLUSIONS Rehabilitation access and participation factors were identified at multiple levels of the HCDSA. Contextually appropriate and accessible services considering individual characteristics and socio-economic status of individuals with LLA are needed, with timely referral to rehabilitation by trained professionals. Improving rehabilitation services for people with LLA in Asian developing countries requires supportive environments, accessible transport, social and financial security, and increased awareness, underpinned by appropriate policy.Implications for rehabilitationProvision of timely referral to rehabilitation by primary/acute health care settings with involvement of family/peer supports.Improved government support systems to facilitate individual access to and participation in rehabilitation with consideration of contextual socio-demographic and economic factors.Prioritisation of adequately resourced and well-designed rehabilitation centres by health care organisations in accessible locations.Implementation by local government of strategies to support development and implementation of well resourced, accessible, equitable, and contextually responsive rehabilitation services.

Published
2021
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8. Unusual presentation of oculosporidiosis: A case report

Author

Ashraf Sayeed, Riffat Rashid, Narayon Chandra Bhowmik, Syeed Mehbub Ul Kadir, and A B Shamsudduha

Subjects
Rhinosporidium seeberi, medicine.medical_specialty, biology, business.industry, Mesomycetozoea, Dapsone, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Dermatology, eye diseases, Lacrimal sac, Lesion, Neuro-ophthalmology, medicine.anatomical_structure, medicine, Rhinosporidiosis, Pediatric ophthalmology, medicine.symptom, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic localized granulomatous disease caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi, an aquatic protistan parasite belonging to a clade, Mesomycetozoea. Infestation of Rhinosporidiosis on the eye and adnexa is termed oculosporidiosis. In such cases, conjunctival mucosa is mostly involved. Our case was a 25 years old male, presented with swelling of the lacrimal sac and deeper periorbital tissue and was presented as a case of orbital mass. Complete surgical excision of the lesion was done and Histopathological examination confirms orbital rhinosporidiosis. Postoperatively dapsone therapy was given for 6 months and the patient responded very well with no recurrence during the 6 months follow-up period. Keywords: Lacrimal sac, Oculosporidiosis, Excision, Dapsone

Published
2021
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9. Response to Korley et al.: Progesterone Treatment Does Not Decrease Serum Levels of Biomarkers of Glial and Neuronal Cell Injury in Moderate and Severe TBI Subjects: A Secondary Analysis of the Progesterone for Traumatic Brain Injury, Experimental Clinical Treatment (ProTECT) III Trial (DOI: 10.1089/neu.2020.7072)

Author

Iqbal Sayeed and Donald G. Stein

Subjects
Oncology, 030506 rehabilitation, medicine.medical_specialty, Programmed cell death, business.industry, Traumatic brain injury, Cell injury, medicine.disease, Clinical trial, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, nervous system, Internal medicine, Secondary analysis, medicine, Progesterone treatment, Neurology (clinical), 0305 other medical science, business, Clinical treatment, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Korley et al. recently evaluated the relationship between progesterone treatment and serum levels of biomarkers of glial and neuronal cell death in the ProTECT III trial for progesterone in the tre...

Published
2021
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11. Paddy seed variety identification using T20-HOG and Haralick textural features

Author

Mohammad Aminul Islam, Md. Sayeed Iftekhar Yousuf, Machbah Uddin, Shajalal, and Mohammad Afzal Hossain

Subjects
Artificial neural network, Computer science, business.industry, Feature selection, Computational intelligence, Pattern recognition, General Medicine, Identification (information), Lasso (statistics), Feature (computer vision), Histogram, Artificial intelligence, Scale (map), business
Abstract

The seed is an inevitable element for agricultural and industrial production. The non-destructive paddy seed variety identification is essential to assure paddy purity and quality. This research is aimed at developing a computer vision-based system to identify paddy varieties using multiple heterogeneous features, exploiting textural, external, and physical properties. We captured the paddy seed images without any fixed setup to make the system user friendly at both industry and farmer levels, which can lead to illumination problems in the images. To overcome this problem, we introduced a modified histogram oriented gradient (T20-HOG) feature that can describe the illumination, scale, and rotational variations of a paddy image. We also utilized the existing Haralick and traditional features and the dimensionality of the features is reduced by the Lasso feature selection technique. The selected features are used to train the feed-forward neural network (FNN) to predict the paddy variety. The experiments conducted on two different datasets: BDRICE, and VNRICE. Results of our method are shown in terms of four standard evaluation metrics, namely, accuracy, precision, recall, and F_1 score, and achieved 99.28%, 98.64%, 98.48%, and 98.56% score, respectively. We also compared our system efficiency with existing studies. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed features are effective to identify paddy variety and achieved a new state-of-the-art performance. And we also observed that our newly proposed T20-HOG features have a major impact on overall system performance.

Published
2021
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12. Prevention of Occupational Heat-Related Illnesses

Author

Yusef A. Sayeed, Kathleen Fagan, James E McNicholas, James W Butler, Manijeh Berenji, Judith Green-McKenzie, Charles Babajide Onigbogi, Aaron Tustin, Ronda B McCarthy, and William B. Perkison

Subjects
Occupational medicine, Secondary prevention, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Environmental health, Primary prevention, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Physical activity, Medicine, Occupational exposure, Environmental medicine, business, Healthcare providers
Abstract

High ambient temperatures and strenuous physical activity put workers at risk for a variety of heat-related illnesses and injuries. Through primary prevention, secondary prevention, and treatment, OEM health providers can protect workers from the adverse effects of heat. This statement by the American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine provides guidance for OEM providers who serve workers and employers in industries where heat exposure occurs.

Published
2021
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13. Osteopontin as a biomarker for COVID-19 severity and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: A pilot study

Author

Bushra Wali, Austin Lu, Hannah E Myers, Janet Figueroa, Laila Hussaini, Stacy Heilman, Evan J. Anderson, Iqbal Sayeed, Andrew T. Reisner, Andi L. Shane, Laura S Blackwell, and Christina A. Rostad

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Lymphocyte, Inflammation, Blood Sedimentation, Severity of Illness Index, Asymptomatic, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Young Adult, stomatognathic system, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Lymphocyte Count, Osteopontin, Child, Retrospective Studies, biology, medicine.diagnostic_test, Interleukin-6, Platelet Count, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit, COVID-19, Infant, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Ferritin, C-Reactive Protein, medicine.anatomical_structure, Child, Preschool, Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, Ferritins, biology.protein, Biomarker (medicine), Female, medicine.symptom, Brief Communications, business, Biomarkers
Abstract

This study sought to evaluate the candidacy of plasma osteopontin (OPN) as a biomarker of COVID-19 severity and multisystem inflammatory condition in children (MIS-C) in children. A retrospective analysis of 26 children (0–21 years of age) admitted to Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta with a diagnosis of COVID-19 between March 17 and May 26, 2020 was undertaken. The patients were classified into three categories based on COVID-19 severity levels: asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic (control population, admitted for other non-COVID-19 conditions), mild/moderate, and severe COVID-19. A fourth category of children met the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's case definition for MIS-C. Residual blood samples were analyzed for OPN, a marker of inflammation using commercial ELISA kits (R&D), and results were correlated with clinical data. This study demonstrates that OPN levels are significantly elevated in children hospitalized with moderate and severe COVID-19 and MIS-C compared to OPN levels in mild/asymptomatic children. Further, OPN differentiated among clinical levels of severity in COVID-19, while other inflammatory markers including maximum erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein and ferritin, minimum lymphocyte and platelet counts, soluble interleukin-2R, and interleukin-6 did not. We conclude OPN is a potential biomarker of COVID-19 severity and MIS-C in children that may have future clinical utility. The specificity and positive predictive value of this marker for COVID-19 and MIS-C are areas for future larger prospective research studies.

Published
2021
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14. Predicting pressure losses in the water-assisted flow of unconventional crude with machine learning

Author

Aktaruzzaman, Sayeed Rushd, Sherif Abdulbari Ali, Faisal I. Shalabi, Moklesur Rahman, and Arifuzzaman

Subjects
Artificial neural network, business.industry, Computer science, General Chemical Engineering, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, General Chemistry, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, Machine learning, computer.software_genre, Support vector machine, Pipeline transport, Water assisted, Fuel Technology, Flow (mathematics), Viscosity (programming), Artificial intelligence, business, computer
Abstract

Machine learning (ML) is recognized as an efficient prediction tool. However, very few attempts have been made to apply it to model pressure losses in the water-assisted pipeline transportation of ...

Published
2021
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15. Escalating SARS-CoV-2 circulation in environment and tracking waste management in South Asia

Author

Shusmita Dutta Choudhury, Shahanaj Shano, Jinnat Ferdous, Shariful Islam, Md. Abu Sayeed, Md. Abul Kalam, Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan, Md. Kaisar Rahman, and Ariful Islam

Subjects
Sanitation, Waste management, business.industry, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Sewage, Environmental pollution, Biomedical waste, General Medicine, Pollution, Incineration, Environmental Chemistry, Business, Plastic pollution, Personal protective equipment, Waste disposal
Abstract

The novel coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused an exceptional drift of production, utilization, and disposal of personal protective equipment (PPE) and different microplastic objects for safety against the virus. Hence, we reviewed related literature on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA detected from household, biomedical waste, and sewage to identify possible health risks and status of existing laws, regulations, and policies regarding waste disposal in South Asian (SA) countries. The SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in sewage and wastewater samples of Nepal, India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. Besides, this review reiterates the enormous amounts of PPE and other single-use plastic wastes generated from healthcare facilities and households in the SA region with inappropriate disposal, landfilling, and/or incineration techniques wind-up polluting the environment. Consequently, the Delta variant (B.1.617.2) of SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in sewer treatment plant in India. Moreover, the overuse of non-biodegradable plastics during the pandemic is deteriorating plastic pollution condition and causes a substantial health risk to the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. We recommend making necessary adjustments, adopting measures and strategies, and enforcement of the existing biomedical waste management and sanitation-related policy in SA countries. We propose to adopt the knowledge gaps to improve COVID-19-associated waste management and legislation to prevent further environmental pollution. Besides, the citizens should follow proper disposal procedures of COVID-19 waste to control the environmental pollution.

Published
2021
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16. Beta Cell Function and Insulin Resistance in Nondiabetic, Prediabetic and Diabetic in a Subset of Obese Pakistani Population

Author

Shaheen Bhatty, Fariha Asad, Faiza Zafar Sayeed, Mohammad Nashit, and Syed Muhammad Kashif

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Pakistani population, Anthropometry, medicine.disease, Insulin resistance, Endocrinology, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Genetic predisposition, Medicine, Prediabetes, Family history, business
Abstract

Objective: To compare insulin resistance and beta-cell function in nondiabetic, prediabetic, and diabetic subjects in a subset of obese Pakistani population. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and ten obese subjects underwent anthropometric measurements. After overnight fasting for 8 hours, 6 cc blood was drawn for fasting blood glucose level, fasting insulin level. Blood glucose samples were taken after drinking 75 gm glucose in 260 ml water. HOMA IR and HOMA BETA% were calculated by the formula. Subjects were divided into obese nondiabetic, obese prediabetic and obese diabetic according to WHO criteria. Results: Out of 210 obese subjects, 53 (25.2%) were males and 157 (74.8%) were females. The mean BMI was 32.39±5.21. Mean abdominal circumference was 102.78±10.16. There were 101(48%) obese nondiabetic, 51(24%) were found to be obese prediabetic, 58(28%) were found to be obese diabetic. Mean insulin resistance in obese nondiabetic subjects was 2.8 ±3.7, in prediabetic 8.5± 12.3, in diabetic was 17.7±24.6. Mean HOMA beta was 245.3±267.4 in obese nondiabetic subjects, 290.5±298.4 in prediabetic, and 16.6±57 in diabetic. Conclusion: There was a significantly increased incidence of prediabetes and diabetes in obese subjects. Prediabetic and diabetic subjects were found to have marked insulin resistance. Beta-cell function was markedly reduced in diabetic subjects having a family history of diabetes, emphasizing the genetic predisposition to develop beta-cell exhaustion.

Published
2021
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18. Comparison of Deep Sedation and General Anesthesia With an Endotracheal Tube for Transcaval Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: A Pioneering Institution's Experience

Author

Dee Dee Wang, Huma Sayeed, Ashwin Vaidyanathan, Bhumika Sherdiwala, Janet Wyman, Xiaoxia Han, Joseph A. Sanders, and William W. O'Neill

Subjects
Sedation, medicine.medical_treatment, Anesthesia, General, Inferior vena cava, law.invention, Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement, Valve replacement, Risk Factors, law, medicine.artery, Intubation, Intratracheal, Humans, Medicine, Retrospective Studies, business.industry, Aortic Valve Stenosis, Length of Stay, Intensive care unit, Treatment Outcome, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, medicine.vein, Aortic Valve, Anesthesia, Descending aorta, Anesthetic, Cohort, Implant, Deep Sedation, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Transcaval transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TC-TAVR) is an alternative approach to transcatheter aortic valve replacement involving deployment of the bioprosthetic valve via a conduit created from the inferior vena cava to the descending aorta in patients for whom the traditional transfemoral approach is not feasible. By analyzing the largest known cohort of TC-TAVR patients, the authors wished to compare hospital length of stay and post-procedure outcomes between patients who underwent the procedure under deep sedation (DS) and patients who underwent general anesthesia with an endotracheal tube.Retrospective, single-center study.Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, MI.Patients undergoing TC-TAVR from 2015 to 2018.Seventy-nine patients were included in the analysis, which consisted of 38 under general anesthesia with an endotracheal tube and 41 under DS. The sample was divided into a general anesthesia (GA) group and DS group. There were no significant differences in implant success rate or post-procedure outcomes, including in-hospital mortality (p = 0.999) and major vascular complication rate (p = 0.481), between the two groups. Patients in the GA group stayed a median of 24 hours longer in the intensive care unit (ICU) (p0.001) and one day longer in the hospital (p = 0.046) after the procedure compared to patients in the DS group. The median procedure time was significantly lower (135 minutes) in the DS group compared to the GA group (167 minutes, p0.001).Patients undergoing TC-TAVR under DS had similar postoperative outcomes and shorter post-procedure hospital and ICU lengths of stay compared to general anesthesia. In the authors' experience, DS is the preferred anesthetic technique for TC-TAVR.

Published
2021
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19. Are doctors protected enough during COVID-19 in South Asia?

Author

Muhammad Sohaib Asghar, Farah Yasmin, Momina Mariam Marufi, Syed Faisal Mahmood, Kaneez Fatima, Saniya Ahmad, Emad Ud-Din Sajid, Bushra Z Sayeed, Syed Ali Farhan, and Nadia Nazir Jatoi

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Health (social science), Epidemiology, Cross-sectional study, Population, India, Iran, Global Health, Occupational safety and health, Nepal, Indian Ocean Islands, Occupational Exposure, Physicians, Pandemic, Global health, Medicine, Humans, Pakistan, Mortality, education, Bhutan, Personal protective equipment, Occupational Health, Aged, Sri Lanka, education.field_of_study, Bangladesh, business.industry, Health Policy, Mortality rate, Public health, Research, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Afghanistan, COVID-19, Middle Aged, Occupational Diseases, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, business, Demography
Abstract

Background The highly contagious nature of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) places physicians in South Asia at high risk of contracting the infection. Accordingly, we conducted this study to provide an updated account of physician deaths in South Asia during the COVID-19 pandemic and to analyze and compare the different characteristics associated with physician mortality amongst the countries of the region. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study by using published news reports on the websites of news agencies from 9 selected countries in South Asia. Our study included only those physicians and doctors who died after contracting COVID-19 from their respective workplaces. All available data about the country of origin, type of, sex, age, medical or surgical specialty, and date of death were included. Results The total number of physician deaths reported due to COVID-19 in our study was 170, with half (87/170, 51%) of the deaths reported from Iran. Male physician deaths were reported to be 145 (145/170 = 85%). Internal Medicine (58.43%) was the most severely affected sub-specialty. The highest physician mortality rate in the general population recorded in Afghanistan (27/1000 deaths). General physicians from India [OR = 11.00(95% CI = 1.06–114.08), p = 0.045] and public sector medical practitioners from Pakistan [aOR = 4.52 (95% CI = 1.18–17.33), p = 0.028] were showing significant mortality when compared with other regions in multivariate logistic regression. Conclusion An increased number of physician deaths, owing to COVID-19, has been shown in South Asia. This could be due to decreased personal protective equipment and the poor health care management systems of the countries in the region to combat the pandemic. Future studies should provide detailed information of characteristics associated with physician mortalities along with the main complications arising due to the virus.

Published
2021

20. Efficient PM2.5 forecasting using geographical correlation based on integrated deep learning algorithms

Author

Alqamah Sayeed, Yannic Lops, Yunsoo Choi, and Inchoon Yeo

Subjects
Index (economics), Meteorology, business.industry, Deep learning, Air pollution, medicine.disease_cause, Convolutional neural network, Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient, Correlation, symbols.namesake, Artificial Intelligence, Polygon, symbols, medicine, Environmental science, Artificial intelligence, business, Air quality index, Software
Abstract

This paper proposes a deep learning model that integrates a convolutional neural network and a gated recurrent unit with groups of neighboring stations to accurately predict PM2.5 concentrations at 25 stations in Seoul, South Korea. The deep learning model uses observations obtained from one Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) station, 25 National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER) stations, and 28 automatic weather stations (AWSs) throughout Seoul. To train the deep learning model, we use all available meteorological and air quality data observed between 2015 and 2017. With the trained model, we predict PM2.5 concentrations at all 25 NIER stations in Seoul for 2018. This study also proposes a geographical polygon group model that determines the optimal number of neighboring NIER stations required to increase the accuracy of PM2.5 concentration predictions at the target station. Comparing the model measures for each of the 25 monitoring sites in 2018, we find that the geographical polygon group model achieves an index of agreement of 0.82–0.89 and a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.70–0.83. Compared to the method using only meteorological and air quality data from one target station (average IOA = 0.77) to predict PM2.5 concentrations at the 25 stations in Seoul, the proposed method using geographical correlation-based neighboring NIER stations as polygonal groups (average IOA = 0.85) improves the PM2.5 prediction accuracy by an average of about 10%. This approach, based on deep learning, can be updated to predict air pollution or air quality indices up to several days in advance.

Published
2021
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21. Outcomes of autologous stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma in Saudi Arabia

Author

Walid Rasheed, Ahmed Kotb Abdrabou, Saud Alhayli, Shahrukh K. Hashmi, Hazaa Al Zahrani, Syed Sayeed Ahmed, Marwan Shaheen, Naeem Chaudhri, Yasser Khafaga, Riad El Fakih, Mahmoud Aljurf, Feras Al Fraih, Fahad Al Mohareb, Amr Hanbali, Fahad Al Sharif, and Hala Khalil

Subjects
Adult, Male, Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Saudi Arabia, Transplantation, Autologous, Disease-Free Survival, Young Adult, Autologous stem-cell transplantation, Internal medicine, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, medicine, Humans, In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence, Multiple myeloma, Aged, Retrospective Studies, business.industry, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Cancer registry, Treatment Outcome, Quality of Life, Large study, Medicine, Original Article, Multiple Myeloma, business
Abstract

BACKGROUND: In 2015, multiple myeloma (MM) represented 1% of all cancers and about 5% of hematologic malignancies in Saudi cancer registry. We conducted this large study because only small pilot studies have examined MM outcomes after autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT). The standard therapy for eligible patients is induction chemotherapy followed by ASCT. OBJECTIVES: Determine the demographic characteristics of MM patients and the outcomes of ASCT. DESIGN: Retrospective. SETTING: Tumor registry database of major tertiary cancer care center in Riyadh. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We identified patients with newly diagnosed MM who underwent ASCT from October 1997 to March 2015. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The demographic characteristics of MM patients and the outcomes of ASCT in the form of response evaluation, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). SAMPLE SIZE: 169 patients with newly diagnosed MM. RESULTS: The median age at diagnosis was 51 years (range 23–69) and 100 (59.2%) were male. The most common immunoglobulin (Ig) subtype was IgG-kappa (80 patients; 47.6%). Most patients presented with advanced ISS stage III (75 patients; 47.5%). The cytogenetic analysis was documented in only 87 patients (51.4%); about half (48.3%) had normal cytogenetics by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Deletion 13 was present in 18.4% of patients. In post-induction therapy, 84 patients (50%) achieved a complete response, which increased to 78.1% (132 patients) after ASCT. The median PFS and OS post-transplantation were 30 and 202 months, respectively. Only one patient ( CONCLUSIONS: Our transplant eligible MM patients tend to be younger with a higher OS and a low ASCT-related mortality ( LIMITATIONS: Usual limitations of a retrospective analysis using registry-level data; no data on quality of life. CONFLICTS OF INTEREST: None.

Published
2021
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22. Achieving energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks using dynamic channel polling and packet concatenation

Author

Anwar Ahmed Khan, Shama Siddiqui, and Sayeed Ghani

Subjects
Computer Networks and Communications, Computer science, Network packet, business.industry, ComputerSystemsOrganization_COMPUTER-COMMUNICATIONNETWORKS, Concatenation, Throughput, Synchronization, Packet loss, Asynchronous communication, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Polling, business, Wireless sensor network, Computer network
Abstract

There has been a significant interest of researchers to combine different schemes focused on optimizing energy performance while developing a MAC protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). In this paper, we propose to integrate two cross-layer schemes: dynamic channel polling and packet concatenation using a recent asynchronous MAC protocol “Adaptive & Dynamic Polling MAC” (ADPMAC). ADP-MAC dynamically selects the polling interval distribution based on characterization of incoming traffic patterns using Coefficient of variation(C V ). Packet Concatenation (PC) refers to combining the individually generated data packets into a single super packet and sending it at the polling instant. Also, the Block Acknowledgement (BA) scheme has been developed for ADP-MAC to work in conjunction with the packet concatenation. The proposed schemes have been implemented in Tiny-OS for Mica2 platform and Avrora emulator has been used for conducting experiments. Simulation results have revealed that the performance both in terms of energy & packet loss improves when ADP-MAC is used in conjunction with the additional features of PC & BA. Furthermore, the proposed scheme has been compared with a state of-art packet concatenation primitive PiP (Packet-in-Packet). It has been observed that ADP-MAC supersedes the performance of PiP in terms of PDR (Packet Delivery Ratio) due to better management of synchronization between source and sink.

Published
2021
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23. VENTILATOR ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA IN TRAUMA PATIENTS; ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS, MICROBIAL ETIOLOGY AND OUTCOME

Author

Sohaima Manzoor, Humera Muhammad Ismail, Azizullah Khan Dhiloo, Farzana Batool, Muneeba Ahsan Sayeed, and Shehla Baqai

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Medicine (General), medicine.medical_treatment, multi drug resistance, Microbial etiology, intensive care unit, law.invention, associated pneumonia, R5-920, law, gram negative bacteria, medicine, Infection control, In patient, Mechanical ventilation, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Ventilator-associated pneumonia, medicine.disease, Intensive care unit, Pneumonia, trauma, Emergency medicine, Medicine, business
Abstract

Objective: To assess the incidence, risk factors and outcome of ventilator associated pneumonia in trauma patients. Study Design: Prospective observational study. Place and Duration of Study: Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Institute of Trauma, Karachi, from Jul to Dec 2019. Methodology: All trauma patients, above 12 years, placed on mechanical ventilation in the emergency room or intensive care unit, were enrolled. Patients that developed a clinical pulmonary infection score of less than 6 were diagnosed with ventilator associated pneumonia. Results: A total of 113 patients were enrolled in this study. Mean age was 32.9 ± 14.4 years. Thirty eight (33.6%) developed ventilator associated pneumonia. Patients with ventilator associated pneumonia, compared to non-ventilator associated pneumonia, had a longer emergency room stay of 7.8 ± 10.1 vs. 4.7 ± 7.4 days (p-value=0.013), greater ventilator days of 18.5 ± 12.6 vs. 7.9 ± 5.5 (p-value=0.001), longer hospital stay of >14 days in 65.8% vs. 33.3% (p-value=0.001) and higher mortality of 65.8% vs. 56% (p-value=0.213). Nurse to patient ratio and infection control measures for prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia were significantly reduced in emergency room compared to intensive care unit (p-value=0.001). Out of 43 respiratory isolates in 38 ventilator associated pneumonia patients, 40 (93%) were gram negatives of which 23 (57.5%) were multidrug resistant with polymyxins as the only therapeutic option. Conclusion: There was a high incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia in patients with trauma. Prolonged retention in the emergency room is a significant risk factor for ventilator associated pneumonia, due to understaffing..................

Published
2021

24. Towards optimal machine learning model for terminal settling velocity

Author

Mohammed Monirul Islam, Sayeed Rushd, Majdi Adel Al-Faiad, and Mohammad Tanvir Parvez

Subjects
Computer science, business.industry, General Chemical Engineering, Slurry pipeline, Flow (psychology), Empirical modelling, Process (computing), 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Machine learning, computer.software_genre, Ensemble learning, 020401 chemical engineering, Settling, Newtonian fluid, Artificial intelligence, 0204 chemical engineering, 0210 nano-technology, business, computer, Backflow
Abstract

Terminal Settling velocity (Vts) is a significant phenomenon for two-phase solid-liquid flows in various process units, such as slurry pipeline, annular drillpipe, fluidized bed reactor, drier, and gasifier. A two-phase system operated below Vts encounters several technical issues, such as solid accumulation, surface wear, erosion, flow irregularity, increased energy requirement, and backflow or, even, bursting. Measuring and predicting the Vts of spherical and non-spherical particles in rheologically different fluids are of interest to the concerned research community. Although many empirical models with limited boundary conditions were proposed earlier, the application of artificial intelligence (AI) for such modeling is still in infancy. In the current study, we attempt to address the shortcomings of the previous methods of predicting Vts by using a generalized machine learning (ML) approach. The training and testing of the ML models were conducted using an extensive dataset including various particle shapes and fluid rheologies. The current dataset is substantially larger compared to the similar datasets used for previous studies. We investigated several state-of-the-art ML algorithms, including ensemble learning and multi-stage regression models to find out the most optimum model for predicting Vts. The proposed model is applicable to spherical and non-spherical particles in both Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. This new application of AI-based modeling in the field of engineering can be used for industrial-scale design and operation with much needed reliability in a cost-effective manner.

Published
2021
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25. ACOEM OEM Core Competencies: 2021

Author

Kenji Saito, Jeffrey L. Levin, Natalie P Hartenbaum, Judith Green-McKenzie, Yusef A. Sayeed, and Beth A. Baker

Subjects
Government, Medical education, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Core competency, Context (language use), Modernization theory, Original equipment manufacturer, Occupational medicine, Globalization, Health care, medicine, business
Abstract

Competency is defined as possession of sufficient physical, intellectual, and behavioral qualifications to perform a task or serve in a role which adequately accomplishes a desired outcome. Recognizing the need for defining competencies essential to occupational and environmental medicine (OEM) physicians, the American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine developed its first set of OEM Competencies in 1998. Later updated in 2008, and again in 2014, the increasing globalization and modernization of the workplace, along with published research on OEM practice, required an update to ensure OEM physicians stay current with the field and practice of OEM. Delineation of core competencies for the profession provides employers, government agencies, health care organizations, and other health practitioners a solid context of the role and expertise of OEM physicians.

Published
2021
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26. Effects of canagliflozin on human myocardial redox signalling: clinical implications

Author

Vivek Srivastava, Ioannis Akoumianakis, Keith M. Channon, George Krasopoulos, Elsa Mauricio Reus, Alexios S. Antonopoulos, Rana Sayeed, Murray Polkinghorne, Surawee Chuaiphichai, Nadia Akawi, Shakil Farid, Elena Sommariva, H Kondo, Christos P Kotanidis, Barbara Casadei, Evangelos Oikonomou, Cheerag Shirodaria, Ilaria Stadiotti, Maria Cristina Carena, Ileana Badi, and Charalambos Antoniades

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Myocardial redox state, AMPK, NADPH oxidase activity, Inflammation, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Pharmacology, SGLT1, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Fibrosis, Translational Research, medicine, Humans, Myocytes, Cardiac, AcademicSubjects/MED00200, Canagliflozin, Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors, Heart Failure and Cardiomyopathies, biology, Superoxide, business.industry, Myocardium, SGLT2 inhibitor, Tetrahydrobiopterin, medicine.disease, Nitric oxide synthase, Oxidative Stress, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, biology.protein, cardiovascular system, medicine.symptom, NOS coupling, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Oxidation-Reduction, Ex vivo, medicine.drug
Abstract

Aims Recent clinical trials indicate that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors improve cardiovascular outcomes in heart failure patients, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We explored the direct effects of canagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor with mild SGLT1 inhibitory effects, on myocardial redox signalling in humans. Methods and results Study 1 included 364 patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Right atrial appendage biopsies were harvested to quantify superoxide (O2.−) sources and the expression of inflammation, fibrosis, and myocardial stretch genes. In Study 2, atrial tissue from 51 patients was used ex vivo to study the direct effects of canagliflozin on NADPH oxidase activity and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) uncoupling. Differentiated H9C2 and primary human cardiomyocytes (hCM) were used to further characterize the underlying mechanisms (Study 3). SGLT1 was abundantly expressed in human atrial tissue and hCM, contrary to SGLT2. Myocardial SGLT1 expression was positively associated with O2.− production and pro-fibrotic, pro-inflammatory, and wall stretch gene expression. Canagliflozin reduced NADPH oxidase activity via AMP kinase (AMPK)/Rac1signalling and improved NOS coupling via increased tetrahydrobiopterin bioavailability ex vivo and in vitro. These were attenuated by knocking down SGLT1 in hCM. Canagliflozin had striking ex vivo transcriptomic effects on myocardial redox signalling, suppressing apoptotic and inflammatory pathways in hCM. Conclusions We demonstrate for the first time that canagliflozin suppresses myocardial NADPH oxidase activity and improves NOS coupling via SGLT1/AMPK/Rac1 signalling, leading to global anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects in the human myocardium. These findings reveal a novel mechanism contributing to the beneficial cardiac effects of canagliflozin., Graphical Abstract Proposed mechanism of canagliflozin-induced improvement of myocardial redox state. Canagliflozin increases intracellular AMP/ATP ratio through inhibition of SGLT1, which can activate AMPK/NOS signalling and increase NO that suppresses pro-inflammatory signalling. AMPK activation also inhibits activation of Rac1 and membrane translocation of Rac1 and p47phox, which decrease NADPH oxidase activity and superoxide (O2.−) production, attenuates inflammatory and apoptotic pathways and increasing the bioavailability of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), a key factor for NOS coupling.

Published
2021

27. Variations in administration of Covid-19 vaccine during last 20 weeks at a vaccination center of Agra, Uttar Pradesh

Author

Rinu Kumar, Waqaar Sayeed, M M Nagargoje, Himalaya Singh, S. S. Chaudhary, and Kunver Viresh Singh

Subjects
2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), biology, business.industry, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, biology.organism_classification, Vaccination, Environmental health, Pandemic, Medicine, Agra, Uttar pradesh, business, Administration (government)
Abstract

Background: Covid-19 pandemic has created havoc around the world and vaccination is an effective tool against this demon. Study of variations in administration of daily doses of Covid-19 vaccine at vaccination centre can help in better resource management. Material & methods: This record based descriptive study was conducted among beneficiaries of Covid-19 vaccination at S. N. Medical College, Agra. Record of administration of daily doses and vaccine wastage, vaccination of different groups of beneficiaries and occurrence of various national and local events related to vaccination was also analyzed. Result: A total of 33,571 doses of any Covid-19 vaccine (Covaxin/Covishield) were administered during past 88 working days in 20 weeks expanded over 5 months. On an average 165 doses were administered every day by each team and overall vaccine wastage was 0.85%. Maximum average of 199 doses per day by each team was observed on Mondays. There are many peaks and drops in administration of daily doses of Covid-19 vaccine at our center which can be attributed to either some national or local events related to supply of vaccine at our center, addition of a new group of beneficiary, any news or political controversy related to Covid-19 vaccination etc. Conclusion: Understanding of spikes and drops in the curve of daily/weekly administration of Covid-19 vaccine, in view of occurrence of various national and local events related to vaccination, can help in better formulation of strategies specially related to human resource allocation for success of National Covid-19 vaccination program. © 2021, Indian Association of Preventive and Social Medicine. All rights reserved.

Published
2021
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28. The Challenges of Undergraduate Married Female Students in Higher Education: A case study of Takhar University

Author

Abdul Qawi Noori and Sayeed Naqibullah Orfan

Subjects
Medical education, Higher education, business.industry, education, business, Psychology, Female students
Abstract

The study aimed at investigating the challenges of undergraduate married female students in higher education of Afghanistan. It also explored whether the participants’ demographic variables such as class, age and residential areas had any effect on their responses. The study employed a quantitative research design. A survey questionnaire with 29 items was used to collect the data from 100 purposefully selected respondents at Takhar University. The population of the study was undergraduate married female students who were majoring in different fields at Takhar University. 117 copies of questionnaires were administered to the respondents and only 100 useable ones were returned to the researchers. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 25.0) was used in analyzing the data. The study found that Afghan married female students faced different problems during their studies at the university and the challenges had a significant effect on them. It also revealed that there were statistically significant differences in the responses of the students by their class, age and residential areas. The study suggests that educational leaders should develop counselling programs at the universities to tackle the challenges of married female students and involve various stakeholders to improve their achievement.

Published
2021
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29. Tuberculosis prevalence, knowledge of transmission and its association with vaccination of children

Author

Sayeed Unisa, Tejal Lakhan, and Anisha Das

Subjects
Advanced and Specialized Nursing, medicine.medical_specialty, 030505 public health, Tuberculosis, business.industry, Transmission (medicine), Health Policy, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Original Articles, medicine.disease, Vaccination, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Infectious Diseases, Family medicine, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, 0305 other medical science, business, Association (psychology), BCG vaccine
Abstract

Background: Understanding the perceptions of patients regarding tuberculosis (TB) will enable better design of a comprehensive, client-oriented program for the disease. Methods: This study was conducted district-wise across India in 2015–2016 as part of the National Family Health Surveys (NFHS). Results: We discovered that the prevalence of TB remains significantly high, with quite a high percentage of people being unaware of the exact cause of disease proliferation. The majority of people believed that touching or sharing utensils can be a source of TB. This perception affected the participants’ responses about seeking diagnosis and treatment. However, it is a good sign that most people knew that TB is a curable disease that can be prevented to some extent if immunization with the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is done at the correct stage. So, a large section of the population had their children vaccinated. In addition, they would go for diagnosis if they had symptoms suggestive of the disease. Conclusion: Findings from this study are indicative of the fact that a large population is aware that health facilities can make a significant contribution to the treatment of tuberculosis. There is a need to further investigate how this information could potentially be used to enhance early seeking of appropriate services among TB patients.

Published
2021
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30. Paediatric COVID-19: Review of Hospital Experiences and Impact on Child Health Services in Bangladesh

Author

Mohammad Abdullah Al Mamun, Manzoor Hussain, Sayeeda Anwar, Kamruzzaman Kamrul, Abu Sayeed Chowdhury, and Nazma Begum

Subjects
Child mortality, medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, Family medicine, Pandemic, Health care, medicine, Outbreak, Disease, business, Child health services, Tertiary care
Abstract

Previous studies suggested that COVID-19 is more likely to infect older adults, particularly those with chronic comorbidities. However in Bangladesh, paediatric patients are on the rise. Three percent of children less than 10 years were identified as having COVID-19 infection. Though over 90% of the cases were mild or moderate in nature but many of them required hospital admission. So it appeared that local situation in Bangladesh seems to be different. This study was carried out to find out hospital experiences and impact of COVID-19 in child health in Bangladesh. Data were collected from three tertiary care hospitals of Bangladesh dealing majority of COVID-19 infected children. The hospitals were Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital, Dhaka Medical College Hospital and Mugda Medical College Hospital. As COVID-19 outbreak also adversely affecting different services among the children of Bangladesh, review was done to evaluate essential health delivery services especially routine immunization. Total 422 children were included from three tertiary care hospitals. They were predominantly male. Children of all age groups were infected. Significant numbers of children were admitted with moderate to severe illness (moderate 42.89%, severe 35.78% and critical 16.11%) with some casualties (mortality 4.27%). Routine immunization has already been hampered and threatened a significant increase in child mortality due to Vaccine Preventable Disease (VPD) in coming days. Paediatric patients were on the rise and unfortunately we noticed large number of hospital admission and some casualties already. Essential health care services should be preserved to prevent avoidable losses of child lives during the COVID-19 pandemic and to protect progress in reducing child mortality achieved over recent years.

Published
2021
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31. Do dietary patterns and morbidities have a relationship with primary infertility among women? A study from NFHS-4 (2015–16), India

Author

Sayeed Unisa, Sucharita Pujari, Kanchan Negi, and Vaishali Chaurasia

Subjects
Multivariate analysis, Psychological intervention, India, Overweight, Odds, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Prevalence, medicine, Humans, Obesity, 030212 general & internal medicine, Socioeconomic status, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, General Social Sciences, medicine.disease, Thyroid disorder, Blood pressure, Infertility, Female, medicine.symptom, business, Demography
Abstract

This study assessed the rate of primary infertility and its associated factors among 402,807 currently married women aged 20–49 years in India using National Family Health Survey-4 data collected in 2015–2016. Dietary patterns and selected morbidities were included as independent variables, and socioeconomic variables were considered as covariates. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were done to estimate the prevalence of primary infertility and assess its association with the selected variables, respectively. The rate of primary infertility among currently married women in India in 2015–16 was 1.9% and this was significantly associated with younger age (

Published
2021
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32. Evaluating the role and integration of general practice pharmacists in England: a cross-sectional study

Author

Zahraa Jalal, Abdullah A. Alshehri, Asma Yahyouche, Ejaz Cheema, and M Sayeed Haque

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Attitude of Health Personnel, Cross-sectional study, Medication Review, General Practice, Integration, Pharmacist, Pharmaceutical Science, Intervention, Pharmacy, Community Pharmacy Services, Pharmacists, Toxicology, 030226 pharmacology & pharmacy, 03 medical and health sciences, Professional Role, 0302 clinical medicine, Patient oriented, medicine, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), 030212 general & internal medicine, Pharmacology, Medication review, Descriptive statistics, business.industry, Workload, Health services, Cross-Sectional Studies, England, Family medicine, General practice, business, Research Article
Abstract

Background Since 2015, NHS England has facilitated the recruitment of pharmacists in general practice (GP) to reduce workload of general practitioners. The role of pharmacists is therefore expected to become more clinical and patient oriented. However, little is known about the current roles performed and the integration of GP pharmacists. Objective To assess the role performed by GP pharmacists and their integration into practice exploring facilitators and barriers to integration. Setting A cross-sectional survey of GP pharmacists in England. Method This study used both online and paper-based questionnaires for a period of six months. Survey items included demographics, roles performed, integration including available support and practice environment. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and 95% confidence intervals. Open comments were analysed thematically to identify pharmacists’ perceptions of barriers and facilitators to their integration into practice. Main outcome measure Current role and integration of pharmacists into GP. Results 195 participants completed the questionnaire. Three quarters of pharmacists (76%) had only been in GP since 2015. Most pharmacists (81%) were independent prescribers (PIPs). The most reported pharmacists’ roles were medicine reconciliation (95%), telephone support for patients (95%) and face-to-face medication review (91%). 82% (95% CI: 76% to 86.8%) were satisfied with their overall integration into practice. Half of pharmacists (45%) were working in a shared office or at a hot desk and 9% had no designated workspace. PIPs had more access to a convenient workplace (p = 0.016) compared to non-IPs. Conclusion Practice pharmacists are fulfilling a wide range of clinical and non-clinical roles in England. Findings highlight relatively a satisfactory level of pharmacists’ integration into practice and shed the light on their integration issues. These findings could be significant for the development of future roles of pharmacists in GP.

Published
2021
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33. Prevalence of morbidity and mortality of diabetes mellitus in a rural community cohort

Author

Khandaker Abul Ahsan, Parvin Akter Khanam, M Abu Sayeed, Akhter Banu, and Fazlul Haq

Subjects
Rural community, business.industry, Environmental health, Diabetes mellitus, Cohort, Medicine, business, medicine.disease
Abstract

Background and objectives: The developing countries are facing the double burden of the communicable (CD) and non-communicable (NCD) diseases. The initiation of primary health care (PHC) adopted in the past century, which included sanitation and immunization, remarkably reduced the load of CDs in the least developing nations. The burden of NCDs remained the same or showed an increasing trend. Of the NCDs, diabetes has become a serious threat to human health and the related morbidity and mortalities are affecting the younger people. As a consequence, the disease complications render huge number of people to disabilities and unusual enormous health expenditures. Very few studies addressed the prevalence of complications among the diabetes patients in a rural community. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of sequels (morbidity and mortality) among the diabetic cases eight years after the initial diagnosis of diabetes in a rural community cohort Subjects and Methods: A rural community survey in 10 villages was conducted in 1993. The survey screened 1319 (797 men, 522 women) for diabetes mellitus (DM) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Those who were diagnosed DM and IGT referred to a referral center (BIRDEM) for registration. A retrospective cohort was designed in 2001. The addresses of the patients were retrieved from the BIRDEM registry. These registered patients, both survivors and non-survivors, were traced in ten villages. The survivors were investigated (anthropometry, glycemia, fundoscopy, urine protein etc.). A verbal autopsy was performed to determine the cause(s) of death in the non-survivors. Results: Of the188 registered cases, 79 were found and located (survivors 43 (54.4%, non-survivors 36 (45.6%). Of the survivors, 44.2% developed complications. The observed complications were sensory neuropathy 16.3%, CAD 9.3%, retinopathy 7% and nephropathy 4.7%. Among the non-survivors, 19.4% were found to have nephropathy leading to end-stage renal disease. Conclusions: The study cohort revealed that more than one-third of the people with diabetes died in less than ten years after being diagnosed. The cohort also revealed that diabetic nephropathy (end-stage renal disease) and dearth of dialysis facilities contributed to early death in the rural community. Among the complications, most frequent incidence was neuropathy and neuro-psychiatric disorders. IMC J Med Sci 2021; 15(1): 005 *Correspondence: M. Abu Sayeed, Department of Community Medicine, Ibrahim Medical College, 1/A Ibrahim Sarani, Segunbagicha, Dhaka-1000. email: sayeed@imc.ac.bd

Published
2021
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34. Helicobacter pylori infection in asymptomatic rural Bangladeshi population

Author

Mir Masudur Rhaman, Jalaluddin Ashraful Haq, M Abu Sayeed, Sraboni Mazumder, and Fahmida Rahman

Subjects
Helicobacter pylori infection, medicine.medical_specialty, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Population, Gastroenterology, Asymptomatic, Internal medicine, medicine, Medicine, medicine.symptom, education, business
Abstract

Background and objectives: The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection differs in urban and rural population. In our country, no previous study investigated the H. pylori infection in rural population. The aim of the present study was to find out the status of H. pylori infection among the Bangladeshi asymptomatic rural adult population. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in a rural area located about 40 km north-east of capital Dhaka. Apparently healthy non-diabetic, pre-diabetic and diabetic adults (18 years and above) were enrolled in this study. A structured questionnaire was developed to record the socio-demographic and clinical information. H. pylori infection status was determined by the presence of anti- H. pylori IgG antibody in blood. Serum anti-H.pylori IgG antibodies were determined by immunochromatographic test (ICT) method. Results: A total number of 180 apparently healthy adult individuals were enrolled of which 112, 40 and 28 were non-diabetic, pre-diabetic and diabetic respectively. Out of 180 individuals, anti- H. pylori IgG was present in 70 (38.9%, CI: 32.1, 46.2) cases. Infection rate was 50%, 27.5% and 43.5% in 19-30, 31-50 and >50 years age group respectively. Infection rate was significantly (p< 0.05) low in 31-50 years age group compared to 19-30 and > 50 years age groups. H. pylori infection rates in male and female were 42.6% (CI: 29.2, 56.8) and 37.3% (CI: 28.9, 46.4) respectively (p=0.50). There was no significant (p>0.05) association of H. pylori infection with economic status, education level, occupation and tobacco consumption of the study population. The rate of H. pylori infection in non-diabetic, pre-diabetic and diabetic individuals were not significantly different from each other. Conclusion: The study revealed a low prevalence of H. pylori infection in rural population of Bangladesh. There was no significant association of H. pylori infection with several sociodemographic status and diabetes. IMC J Med Sci 2021; 15(1): 007. OPEN ACCESS *Correspondence: Jalaluddin Ashraful Haq, Department of Microbiology, Ibrahim Medical College, 1/A Ibrahim Sarani, Segunbagicha, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. Email: jahaq54@yahoo.com

Published
2021
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35. A Survey of Deep Learning Based Models for Human Activity Recognition

Author

Muhammad Sayeed Ghani and Nida Saddaf Khan

Subjects
Process (engineering), Computer science, business.industry, Deep learning, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, Machine learning, computer.software_genre, Computer Science Applications, Rehabilitation engineering, Activity recognition, Categorization, Inertial measurement unit, Active learning, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Artificial intelligence, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Transfer of learning, business, computer
Abstract

Human Activity Recognition (HAR) is a process of recognizing human activities automatically based on streaming data obtained from various sensors, such as, inertial sensors, physiological sensors, location sensors, camera, time and many more environmental sensors. HAR has proven to be beneficial in various fields of study especially in healthcare, aged-care, ambient living, personal care, social science, rehabilitation engineering and many other domains. Due to the recent advancements in computing power, deep learning-based algorithms have become most effective and efficient choice of algorithms for recognizing and solving HAR problems. In this survey, we categorize recent research work with respect to various factors and measures to investigate the recent trends in HAR using deep learning algorithms. The articles are analyzed in various aspects, such as those related to HAR, time series analysis, machine learning models, methods of dataset creation, and use of various other new trends such as transfer learning, active learning, etc.

Published
2021
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36. Inflammation Drives Alzheimer's Disease: Emphasis on 5-lipoxygenase Pathways

Author

Sayeed Akhtar, Aisha Siddiqui, Zahoor A. Shah, Yatinesh Kumari, and Iekhsan Othman

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Lipid Molecule, Inflammation, Context (language use), Disease, Article, Pathogenesis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Alzheimer Disease, medicine, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Neurodegeneration, Pharmacology, Arachidonic Acid, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase, biology, business.industry, Mechanism (biology), Alzheimer's Diseases, Lipid metabolism, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Psychiatry and Mental health, 030104 developmental biology, Neurology, Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase, biology.protein, 5-lipoxygenase, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, business, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Neuro Inflammation
Abstract

It is a known fact that inflammation affects several physiological processes, including the functioning of the central nervous system. Additionally, impairment of lipid mechanisms/pathways have been associated with a number of neurodegenerative disorders and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is one of them. However, much attention has been given to the link between tau and beta- amyloid hypothesis in AD pathogenesis/prognosis. Increasing evidences suggest that biologically active lipid molecules could influence the pathophysiology of AD via a different mechanism of inflammation. This review intends to highlight the role of inflammatory responses in the context of AD with the emphasis on biochemical pathways of lipid metabolism enzyme, 5-lipoxygenase (5- LO).

Published
2021

37. A Thematic Analysis of Misinformation in India during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author

Sayeed Al-Zaman

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, Public health, Library and Information Sciences, Public relations, Momentum (finance), Political science, Pandemic, Penetration (warfare), medicine, Social media, Misinformation, Thematic analysis, business
Abstract

During the COVID-19 pandemic, misinformation gets a new momentum in India like many other countries, and the increasing social media penetration has a considerable contribution to it. Acknowledging...

Published
2021
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38. Nutritional Status of Under-5 Children in a Slam of Dhaka City and Influence of Immunization and Socio-economic Condition on Malnutrition

Author

Aynal Hoque, Abu Sayeed, and Hossain Sahid Kamrul Alam

Subjects
Malnutrition, Immunization, business.industry, population characteristics, Medicine, Nutritional status, social sciences, business, medicine.disease, Socioeconomics
Abstract

Background: In slum area there is a very high prevalence of malnutrition. Many factors can cause malnutrition, most of which relate to immunization, socio economic condition and repeated infections, particularly in underprivileged population. Objectives: To observe the nutritional status and effect of immunization and socio economic condition on malnutrition among under-5 children in a selected slum of Dhaka city. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted among 384 under-5 children randomly selected from PWD slum in Dhaka city. It was carried out during January- 2013 to December-2014. Anthropometric measurements like wasting was determined from weight for height Z-score, stunting was determined from height for age Z-score, underweight was determined from weight for age Z-score and malnutrition also assessed by Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results: In this study in slum 40.36% were found malnourished according to MUAC, according to weight for height Z-score wasting was present in 29.43% children, according to height for age Z-score stunting was found in 28.39% and according to weight for age Z-score underweight was found in 46.89% children. There is a decreased number of malnutrition cases when family income rise. Out of the 384 study children 68% were completely immunized, 16.9% were incompletely immunized and rest 15.1% were not immunized. Number of MUAC malnutrition, wasting, stunting and underweight cases increases in cases of incomplete immunization and no immunization. Conclusions: Overall, nutritional status of the under-5 child of slum of PWD is not satisfactory. Family income and immunization status plays role in malnutrition. So socioeconomic condition should improve and mass immunization programshould be implemented in urban slum areas. DS (Child) H J 2020; 36(1) : 34-38

Published
2021
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39. Chronic Diarrhea in Children: Experience at A Tertiary Hospital of Bangladesh

Author

Fahmida Begum, Khan Lamia Nahid, Mukesh Khadga, Rukunuzzaman, Kaniz Fathema, Benzamin, Wahiduzzaman Mazumder, Asm Bazlul Karim, and M. S. R. Sayeed

Subjects
Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Chronic diarrhea, business.industry, medicine, business
Abstract

Background: Chronic diarrhea is insidious onset that persists for 14 days and more, usually of noninfectious origin. Chronic diarrhea in children is not an uncommon problem in our country. Objectives: Objective of this study was to evaluate children with chronic diarrhea by clinical-biochemical profile and outcome. Methods: It was a retrospective observational study done in the department of paediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, BSMMU. The study was done during January 2017 through December 2018. Forty-five patients diagnosed as chronic diarrhea between the ages of 6 months to 18 years were included in this study. We Clinical, laboratory data and outcome of patients were analyzed. Results: Mean age of children was 5.96±2.3 year, 60%(27) were male and 40% (18) were female. Among them under 5 years were 55%(25). All children presented with diarrhea (100%) along with fever (24%), FTT (22%), abdominal pain (20%) and weight loss (20%). About 58% of children had anemia and 14% had hepatomegaly and/or splenomegaly. Raised ESR (40%), leukocytosis (20%), thrombocytosis (16%), raised CRP (13%) and electrolyte imbalance (16%) were observed. Intestinal TB (18%) was the most common etiology of chronic diarrhea. Moreover, chronic constipation with fecal incontinence mimicking diarrhea (11%), IBD (9%), coeliac disease (8%), IBS (7%), HIV enteropathy (4%), primary immunodeficiency disorder (4%) were also found. Improvement of diarrhea was observed in 96% children, 4% patient died due to diarrhea-related complications. Conclusion: Chronic diarrhea in children is not uncommon in Bangladesh and diagnosis of etiologies are challenging. Intestinal tuberculosis found to be an important cause of chronic diarrhea in this study. Although in the majority of the cases, etiology could not be identified, some remote etiologies were found on this study, like chronic constipation with fecal incontinence mimicking diarrhea, IBD, HIV enteropathy, primary immunodeficiency. DS (Child) H J 2020; 36(1) : 46-51

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2021
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40. Patterns of Malignant Lymphoma among Admitted Patients inAl Gamhoria Hospital, Aden, Yemen

Author

Ahmed Saleh Omer Al-Gefri Balqis Al-Sayeed Abdulla Ebrahim and Ahmed Muthanna Nasser Albishi

Subjects
education.field_of_study, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Population, medicine.disease, Tumor site, Middle age, World health, Lymphoma, Malignant lymphoma, immune system diseases, hemic and lymphatic diseases, Internal medicine, Carcinoma, Medicine, Registry data, education, business
Abstract

Background: Carcinoma has great prevalence amongworld population. World Health Organization (WHO) classi-fication of malignant lymphoma has become popular sinceits introduction in 2001 and has been applied to the classifi-cation of malignant lymphoma in different countries aroundthe world.Aim of Study: This study was aimed to assess the preva-lence of malignant lymphoma among admitted patients to Al-Gamhoria Teaching Hospital Aden, Yemen in the periodbetween 2010-2014.Methods: A retrospective descriptive study coveringregistered cases of lymphoma was applied over the period2010-2014. Patient's registry data wascollecting from Al-Gamhoria Teaching Hospital Medical Registries Department.The following variables were studied included: Age, gender,tumor site, malignant lymphomas type according histopathol-ogy and residency.Results: Both types of lymphoma were having convergentdistribution. Most age groups affected were among 30-39years in non-Hodgkin lymphoma, while in Hodgkin's lympho-ma the predominant age group were among 20-29. Male beinghighest (57.1%) than female (42.9%). The mixed cellularitytype was common representing 42.3% in Hodgkin's lymphoma.The nodular lymphoma was 54.7% while in the extra nodularlymphoma; the gastrointestinal was common representing50%. Most of the registered cases were from Aden Governoratewhere the hospital is located.Conclusion: Male gender associated with high percentage,the middle age group and mixed cellularity were the predom-inant in Hodgkin's lymphoma. The gastrointestinal manifes-tation in extra nodular lymphoma was highly prevalent.

Published
2021
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41. Aspirin Is Associated with Decreased Allogeneic Transfusions and Resource Utilization following Hip Fracture Care

Author

Muhammad T. Padela, Khaled J. Saleh, Afshin A. Anoushiravani, Benjamin V. Mori, Paul J. Cagle, Gonzalo Barinaga, and Zain Sayeed

Subjects
Hip fracture, Aspirin, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, medicine.disease, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Emergency medicine, medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, business, Resource utilization, medicine.drug
Abstract

The purpose of our study is to assess the relationship and compare the impact of aspirin, enoxaparin, and warfarin use on postoperative anemia, allogenic transfusions, and resource utilization following hip fracture fixation. This is a retrospective study at a Level 1 trauma center with 450 geriatric hip fracture patients who underwent hip fracture surgery and chemoprophylaxis. Hip fracture patients were separated into three cohorts depending on the type of chemoprophylaxis administered aspirin, enoxaparin, or warfarin. Initially, all three cohorts were assessed for baseline characteristics, postoperative anemia, transfusion rates, and resource utilization. Next, aspirin and enoxaparin were comparatively evaluated for the same variables. Four hundred and fifty patients met inclusion criteria for the first portion of this study. No baseline variance was evident among the three cohorts except for body mass index (p = 0.007) and diagnosis of congestive heart failure (p = 0.001). Outcomes were insignificant for in-hospital mortality (p = 0.19), postoperative anemia (p = 0.43), hemoglobin levels (p = 0.91), and ∆hemoglobin (p = 0.99), length-of-stay (p = 0.12), disposition (p = 0.13), and 30-day readmission (p =0.09). The transfusion rate (p

Published
2021
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42. Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author

Soufiane Boufous, Yousef Veisani, Mehran Asadi-Aliabadi, Sharath Burugina Nagaraja, Maziar Moradi-Lakeh, Getachew Mullu Kassa, Edward J Mills, Dimas Ria Angga Pribadi, William James Dangel, Mohamad-Hani Temsah, Catherine O. Johnson, Gregory A. Roth, Giuseppe Gorini, Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei, Alberto Ortiz, Samad Azari, Assefa Ayalew Ayalew Ayalew Gebreslassie, Salime Goharinezhad, Stephanie R. M. Zimsen, Peng Zheng, Michael Assmus, Elisabetta Pupillo, Bach Xuan Tran, Lal B. Rawal, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Noushin Mohammadifard, Stephen S Lim, Ata Rafiee, Maria Inês Schmidt, Vincent C. Iannucci, Suzanne Lyn Barker-Collo, Leah E. Cahill, Tauseef Ahmad, Platon D. Lopukhov, Kazumasa Yamagishi, Abdullah Al Mamun, Iqbal R. F. Elyazar, Giovanni Damiani, Mohammad Hossein Bakhshaei, Mehdi Fazlzadeh, Virginia Núñez-Samudio, Alyssa Pennini, Dietrich Plass, Atkilt Esaiyas Etisso, Gebre Teklemariam Demoz, Alexandrea Watson, Arvin Haj-Mirzaian, Paul S Briant, Frank B. Osei, Blair R. 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Subjects
Male, Nutritional Sciences, Specific risk, Contaminación del Aire Interior, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Socioeconomic Factor, systematic analysis, Global Health, Body Mass Index, Global Burden of Disease, Health Risk Behavior, Health Risk Behaviors, Disease studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, METABOLIC RISKS, 030212 general & internal medicine, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Factores de Riesgo, 2. Zero hunger, education.field_of_study, Public health, Injuries, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, General Medicine, GBD, risck factors, attributable burden of disease, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, 3. Good health, Relative risk, Environmental health, Health, Hypertension, Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, Risk Factors, A990 Medicine and Dentistry not elsewhere classified, Female, Leading risk factors, Global Health Metrics, Cohort study, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, Substance-Related Disorders, Population, UNITED-STATES, Risk Assessment, DIET, ITC-HYBRID, 03 medical and health sciences, Life Expectancy, MORTALITY, DISABILITY, POLLUTION, CLUSTERS, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, General & Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Global Burden of Disease Study, Risk factor, education, Global burden, business.industry, Risk Factor, Malnutrition, Klinisk medicin, Global Burden of Diseases, Environmental Exposure, medicine.disease, Enfermedades, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.02.00 [https], Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, Years of potential life lost, Socioeconomic Factors, Risk factors, Disease study, Hyperglycemia, ITC-ISI-JOURNAL-ARTICLE, NA, Clinical Medicine, business, RA
Abstract

Background Rigorous analysis of levels and trends in exposure to leading risk factors and quantification of their effect on human health are important to identify where public health is making progress and in which cases current efforts are inadequate. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 provides a standardised and comprehensive assessment of the magnitude of risk factor exposure, relative risk, and attributable burden of disease. Methods GBD 2019 estimated attributable mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years of life lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 87 risk factors and combinations of risk factors, at the global level, regionally, and for 204 countries and territories. GBD uses a hierarchical list of risk factors so that specific risk factors (eg, sodium intake), and related aggregates (eg, diet quality), are both evaluated. This method has six analytical steps. (1) We included 560 risk-outcome pairs that met criteria for convincing or probable evidence on the basis of research studies. 12 risk-outcome pairs included in GBD 2017 no longer met inclusion criteria and 47 risk-outcome pairs for risks already included in GBD 2017 were added based on new evidence. (2) Relative risks were estimated as a function of exposure based on published systematic reviews, 81 systematic reviews done for GBD 2019, and meta-regression. (3) Levels of exposure in each age-sex-location-year included in the study were estimated based on all available data sources using spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression method, or alternative methods. (4) We determined, from published trials or cohort studies, the level of exposure associated with minimum risk, called the theoretical minimum risk exposure level. (5) Attributable deaths, YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs were computed by multiplying population attributable fractions (PAFs) by the relevant outcome quantity for each age-sex-location-year. (6) PAFs and attributable burden for combinations of risk factors were estimated taking into account mediation of different risk factors through other risk factors. Across all six analytical steps, 30 652 distinct data sources were used in the analysis. Uncertainty in each step of the analysis was propagated into the final estimates of attributable burden. Exposure levels for dichotomous, polytomous, and continuous risk factors were summarised with use of the summary exposure value to facilitate comparisons over time, across location, and across risks. Because the entire time series from 1990 to 2019 has been re-estimated with use of consistent data and methods, these results supersede previously published GBD estimates of attributable burden. Findings The largest declines in risk exposure from 2010 to 2019 were among a set of risks that are strongly linked to social and economic development, including household air pollution; unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing; and child growth failure. Global declines also occurred for tobacco smoking and lead exposure. The largest increases in risk exposure were for ambient particulate matter pollution, drug use, high fasting plasma glucose, and high body-mass index. In 2019, the leading Level 2 risk factor globally for attributable deaths was high systolic blood pressure, which accounted for 10.8 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 9.51-12.1) deaths (19.2% [16.9-21.3] of all deaths in 2019), followed by tobacco (smoked, second-hand, and chewing), which accounted for 8.71 million (8.12-9.31) deaths (15.4% [14.6-16.2] of all deaths in 2019). The leading Level 2 risk factor for attributable DALYs globally in 2019 was child and maternal malnutrition, which largely affects health in the youngest age groups and accounted for 295 million (253-350) DALYs (11.6% [10.3-13.1] of all global DALYs that year). The risk factor burden varied considerably in 2019 between age groups and locations. Among children aged 0-9 years, the three leading detailed risk factors for attributable DALYs were all related to malnutrition. Iron deficiency was the leading risk factor for those aged 10-24 years, alcohol use for those aged 25-49 years, and high systolic blood pressure for those aged 50-74 years and 75 years and older. Interpretation Overall, the record for reducing exposure to harmful risks over the past three decades is poor. Success with reducing smoking and lead exposure through regulatory policy might point the way for a stronger role for public policy on other risks in addition to continued efforts to provide information on risk factor harm to the general public. Copyright (C) 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Published
2020
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43. Global injury morbidity and mortality from 1990 to 2017 : results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Author

Giulio Castelpietra, Feng Sha, Khalid A Altirkawi, Seyedeh Zahra Masoumi, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn Gebremeskel, Ahmad Daryani, Ibrahim Abdollahpour, Simon I. Hay, Deborah Carvalho Malta, Erin B Hamilton, Kate E. LeGrand, Nikolay Ivanovich Briko, Ana-Laura Manda, Aziz Eftekhari, Irfan Ullah, Seth Christopher Yaw Appiah, Zichen Liu, Maida Umar, Shaimaa I. El-Jaafary, Marina Pinheiro, Farhad Ghamari, Milad Mohammadoo-Khorasani, Rajaram Yadav, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Ramesh Holla, Farzad Jalilian, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Omar Mukhtar Salman, Bayew Kelkay, Tanuj Kanchan, Irina Filip, Michael R. Phillips, Hamid Reza Tohidinik, Demelash Abewa Elemineh, Reza Malekzadeh, Tomasz Miazgowski, Diana Silva, Samath D Dharmaratne, Eleonora Dubljanin, Fatemeh Zare, Jasvinder A. Singh, Hagazi Gebremedhin Kassaye, Nathaniel J Henry, Venkatesh Maled, Girikumar Kumaresh, Alireza Rafiei, Zhi-Jiang Zhang, Arielle Wilder Eagan, Merhawi Gebremedhin Tekle, Gholamreza Roshandel, Jeevan Pereira, Tinuke O Olagunju, Olatunde Aremu, Mohammad Zamani, Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan, Lidia Morawska, Bayisa Abdissa Baye, Eduarda Fernandes, Feleke Mekonnen Demeke, Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali, Ibrahim A Khalil, Hafte Kahsay Kebede, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Yuichiro Yano, Haileab Fekadu Wolde, Antonio Maria Borzì, Delia Hendrie, Azeem Majeed, Vahid Rashedi, Mehran Shams-Beyranvand, Ilais Moreno Velásquez, Derrick A Bennett, Roba Khundkar, Mohammed Madadin, Biniyam Sahiledengle Geberemariyam, Parul Puri, Lidia Sanchez Riera, Yetunde O. John-Akinola, Jennifer Rickard, Saeed Shahabi, Tiffany K. Gill, Jemal Abdu Mohammed, Alessandra C. Goulart, Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir Chowdhury, Roya Safari-Faramani, Pawan Faris, Farhad Moradpour, Guilherme Borges, Sadia Bibi, Bartosz Miazgowski, Wubalem Fekadu, Rakhi Dandona, Ali Reza Soltanian, Alaa Badawi, Amir Hasanzadeh, Hassan Haghparast Bidgoli, Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela, Morteza Arab-Zozani, Vinay Nangia, Gaurav Gupta, Farkhonde Salehi, Isabela M. Benseñor, Rekha Thapar, Yasser S. Amer, Naohiro Yonemoto, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Amanda J. Mason-Jones, Marcela Agudelo-Botero, Ashraf Nabhan, Saeed Safari, Lorainne Tudor Car, Ayman Grada, Stanislav S. Otstavnov, Keyvan Pakshir, Nefsu Awoke, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Adnan Kisa, Ghasem Azarian, Yogesh Sabde, Soufiane Boufous, Fatemeh Khosravi Shadmani, Ketema Bizuwork Gebremedhin, Heather Orpana, Narayan Bahadur Mahotra, Tripti Khanna, Peter Nyasulu, Tommi Vasankari, Reza Mohammadpourhodki, Peter Njenga Keiyoro, Andrea Werdecker, Sanghamitra Pati, Rajan Nikbakhsh, Sorin Hostiuc, Prateek Rastogi, Xuefeng Liu, Manasi Kumar, Josip Car, Chuanhua Yu, Aziz Rezapour, Narayana Manjunatha, Ritesh G. Menezes, Michael K. Hole, Asadollah Gholamian, Pascual R. Valdez, Lorenzo Monasta, Amit Arora, Marek Majdan, Abraham Getachew Kelbore, Irini Chatziralli, Rafael Alves Guimarães, Mohammad Hassan Emamian, Filippo Ariani, Jeadran N. 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D., Eagan, A. W., Eftekhari, A., Ehsani-Chimeh, E., El Sayed Zaki, M., Elemineh, D. A., El-Jaafary, S. I., El-Khatib, Z., Ellingsen, C. L., Emamian, M. H., Endalew, D. A., Eskandarieh, S., Faris, P. S., Faro, A., Farzadfar, F., Fatahi, Y., Fekadu, W., Ferede, T. Y., Fereshtehnejad, S. -M., Fernandes, E., Ferrara, P., Feyissa, G. T., Filip, I., Fischer, F., Folayan, M. O., Foroutan, M., Francis, J. M., Franklin, R. C., Fukumoto, T., Geberemariyam, B. S., Gebre, A. K., Gebremedhin, K. B., Gebremeskel, G. G., Gebremichael, B., Gedefaw, G. A., Geta, B., Ghafourifard, M., Ghamari, F., Ghashghaee, A., Gholamian, A., Gill, T. K., Goulart, A. C., Grada, A., Grivna, M., Gubari, M. I. M., Guimaraes, R. A., Guo, Y., Gupta, G., Haagsma, J. A., Hafezi-Nejad, N., Bidgoli, H. H., Hall, B. J., Hamadeh, R. R., Hamidi, S., Haro, J. M., Hasan, M. M., Hasanzadeh, A., Hassanipour, S., Hassankhani, H., Hassen, H. Y., Havmoeller, R., Hayat, K., Hendrie, D., Heydarpour, F., Hijar, M., Ho, H. C., Hoang, C. L., Hole, M. K., Holla, R., Hossain, N., Hosseinzadeh, M., Hostiuc, S., Hu, G., Ibitoye, S. E., Ilesanmi, O. S., Ilic, I., Ilic, M. D., Inbaraj, L. R., Indriasih, E., Irvani, S. S. N., Islam, S. M. S., Mofizul Islam, M., Ivers, R. Q., Jacobsen, K. H., Jahani, M. A., Jahanmehr, N., Jakovljevic, M., Jalilian, F., Jayaraman, S., Jayatilleke, A. U., Jha, R. P., John-Akinola, Y. O., Jonas, J. B., Joseph, N., Joukar, F., Jozwiak, J. J., Jungari, S. B., Jurisson, M., Kabir, A., Kadel, R., Kahsay, A., Kalankesh, L. R., Kalhor, R., Kamil, T. A., Kanchan, T., Kapoor, N., Karami, M., Kasaeian, A., Kassaye, H. G., Kavetskyy, T., Kebede, H. K., Keiyoro, P. N., Kelbore, A. G., Kelkay, B., Khader, Y. S., Khafaie, M. A., Khalid, N., Khalil, I. A., Khalilov, R., Khammarnia, M., Khan, E. A., Khan, M., Khanna, T., Khazaie, H., Shadmani, F. K., Khundkar, R., Kiirithio, D. N., Kim, Y. -E., Kim, D., Kim, Y. J., Kisa, A., Kisa, S., Komaki, H., Kondlahalli, S. K. M., Korshunov, V. A., Koyanagi, A., Kraemer, M. U. G., Krishan, K., Bicer, B. K., Kugbey, N., Kumar, V., Kumar, N., Anil Kumar, G., Kumar, M., Kumaresh, G., Kurmi, O. P., Kuti, O., Vecchia, C. L., Lami, F. H., Lamichhane, P., Lang, J. J., Lansingh, V. C., Laryea, D. O., Lasrado, S., Latifi, A., Lauriola, P., Leasher, J. L., Lee, S. W. H., Lenjebo, T. L., Levi, M., Li, S., Linn, S., Liu, X., Lopez, A. D., Lotufo, P. A., Lunevicius, R., Lyons, R. A., Madadin, M., El Razek, M. M. A., Mahotra, N. B., Majdan, M., Majeed, A., Malagon-Rojas, J. N., Maled, V., Malekzadeh, R., Malta, D. C., Manafi, N., Manafi, A., Manda, A. -L., Manjunatha, N., Mansour-Ghanaei, F., Mansouri, B., Mansournia, M. A., Maravilla, J. C., March, L. M., Mason-Jones, A. J., Masoumi, S. Z., Massenburg, B. B., Maulik, P. K., Meles, G. G., Melese, A., Melketsedik, Z. A., Memiah, P. T. N., Mendoza, W., Menezes, R. G., Mengesha, M. B., Mengesha, M. M., Meretoja, T. J., Meretoja, A., Merie, H. E., Mestrovic, T., Miazgowski, B., Miazgowski, T., Miller, T. R., Mini, G. K., Mirica, A., Mirrakhimov, E. M., Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M., Mithra, P., Moazen, B., Moghadaszadeh, M., Mohamadi, E., Mohammad, Y., Mohammad, K. A., Darwesh, A. M., Mezerji, N. M. G., Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A., Mohammadoo-Khorasani, M., Mohammadpourhodki, R., Mohammed, S., Mohammed, J. A., Mohebi, F., Molokhia, M., Monasta, L., Moodley, Y., Moosazadeh, M., Moradi, M., Moradi, G., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Moradpour, F., Morawska, L., Velasquez, I. M., Morisaki, N., Morrison, S. D., Mossie, T. B., Muluneh, A. G., Murthy, S., Musa, K. I., Mustafa, G., Nabhan, A. F., Nagarajan, A. J., Naik, G., Naimzada, M. D., Najafi, F., Nangia, V., Nascimento, B. R., Naserbakht, M., Nayak, V., Ndwandwe, D. E., Negoi, I., Ngunjiri, J. W., Nguyen, C. T., Nguyen, H. L. T., Nikbakhsh, R., Ningrum, D. N. A., Nnaji, C. A., Nyasulu, P. S., Ogbo, F. A., Oghenetega, O. B., Oh, I. -H., Okunga, E. W., Olagunju, A. T., Olagunju, T. O., Bali, A. O., Onwujekwe, O. E., Asante, K. O., Orpana, H. M., Ota, E., Otstavnov, N., Otstavnov, S. S., Mahesh, P. A., Padubidri, J. R., Pakhale, S., Pakshir, K., Panda-Jonas, S., Park, E. -K., Patel, S. K., Pathak, A., Pati, S., Patton, G. C., Paulos, K., Peden, A. E., Pepito, V. C. F., Pereira, J., Pham, H. Q., Phillips, M. R., Pinheiro, M., Polibin, R. V., Polinder, S., Poustchi, H., Prakash, S., Pribadi, D. R. A., Puri, P., Syed, Z. Q., Rabiee, M., Rabiee, N., Radfar, A., Rafay, A., Rafiee, A., Rafiei, A., Rahim, F., Rahimi, S., Rahimi-Movaghar, V., Rahman, M. A., Rajabpour-Sanati, A., Rajati, F., Rakovac, I., Ranganathan, K., Rao, S. J., Rashedi, V., Rastogi, P., Rathi, P., Rawaf, S., Rawal, L., Rawassizadeh, R., Renjith, V., Renzaho, A. M. N., Resnikoff, S., Rezapour, A., Ribeiro, A. I., Rickard, J., Gonzalez, C. M. R., Ronfani, L., Roshandel, G., Saad, A. M., Sabde, Y. D., Sabour, S., Saddik, B., Safari, S., Safari-Faramani, R., Safarpour, H., Safdarian, M., Mohammad Sajadi, S., Salamati, P., Salehi, F., Zahabi, S. S., Rashad Salem, M. R., Salem, H., Salman, O., Salz, I., Samy, A. M., Sanabria, J., Riera, L. S., Santric Milicevic, M. M., Sarker, A. R., Sarveazad, A., Sathian, B., Sawhney, M., Sawyer, S. M., Saxena, S., Sayyah, M., Schwebel, D. C., Seedat, S., Senthilkumaran, S., Sepanlou, S. G., Seyedmousavi, S., Sha, F., Shaahmadi, F., Shahabi, S., Shaikh, M. A., Shams-Beyranvand, M., Shamsizadeh, M., Sharif-Alhoseini, M., Sharifi, H., Sheikh, A., Shigematsu, M., Shin, J. I., Shiri, R., Siabani, S., Sigfusdottir, I. D., Singh, P. K., Singh, J. A., Sinha, D. N., Smarandache, C. -G., Smith, E. U. R., Soheili, A., Soleymani, B., Soltanian, A. R., Soriano, J. B., Sorrie, M. B., Soyiri, I. N., Stein, D. J., Stokes, M. A., Mu'Awiyyah, B. S., Suleria, H. A. R., Sykes, B. L., Tabares-Seisdedos, R., Tabb, K. M., Taddele, B. W., Tadesse, D. B., Tamiru, A. T., Tarigan, I. U., Tefera, Y. M., Tehrani-Banihashemi, A., Tekle, M. G., Tekulu, G. H., Tesema, A. K., Tesfay, B. E., Thapar, R., Tilahune, A. B., Tlaye, K. G., Tohidinik, H. R., Topor-Madry, R., Tran, B. X., Tran, K. B., Tripathy, J. P., Tsai, A. C., Car, L. T., Ullah, S., Ullah, I., Umar, M., Unnikrishnan, B., Upadhyay, E., Uthman, O. A., Valdez, P. R., Vasankari, T. J., Venketasubramanian, N., Violante, F. S., Vlassov, V., Waheed, Y., Weldesamuel, G. T., Werdecker, A., Wiangkham, T., Wolde, H. F., Woldeyes, D. H., Wondafrash, D. Z., Wondmeneh, T. G., Wondmieneh, A. B., Wu, A. -M., Yadav, R., Yadollahpour, A., Yano, Y., Yaya, S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V., Yip, P., Yisma, E., Yonemoto, N., Yoon, S. -J., Youm, Y., Younis, M. Z., Yousefi, Z., Yu, Y., Yu, C., Yusefzadeh, H., Moghadam, T. Z., Zaidi, Z., Zaman, S. B., Zamani, M., Zamanian, M., Zandian, H., Zarei, A., Zare, F., Zhang, Z. -J., Zhang, Y., Zodpey, S., Dandona, L., Dandona, R., Degenhardt, L., Dharmaratne, S. D., Hay, S. I., Mokdad, A. H., Reiner, R. C., Sartorius, B., Vos, T., James, Spencer L, Castle, Chris D, Dingels, Zachary V, Fox, Jack T, Adema, Bereket Duko, Yisma, Engida, and Vos, Theo

Subjects
Dánarmein, Fötlun, Dánartíðni, Lífslíkur, Life expectancy, 1106 Human Movement and Sports Sciences, burden of disease, Global Health, Global Burden of Disease, 0302 clinical medicine, Quality-Adjusted Life Year, Global health, Medicine, LIFE EXPECTANCY, 030212 general & internal medicine, POPULATION, Cause of death, Original Research, RISK, education.field_of_study, Global disease burdens, Injuries, Sjúkdómar, Incidence (epidemiology), Incidence, Population health, Burden of disease, Global, global, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, 3. Good health, Descriptive epidemiology, Lýðheilsa, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Public Health, TERRITORIES, descriptive epidemiology, Human, Population, 195 COUNTRIES, Humans, Life Expectancy, Morbidity, Wounds and Injuries, 1117 Public Health and Health Services, 03 medical and health sciences, AGE, SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS, Mortality, education, Disability, SEX-SPECIFIC MORTALITY, business.industry, Faraldsfræði, DISABILITY, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Quality-adjusted life year, Years of potential life lost, Áverkar, 1701 Psychology, Human medicine, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Demography
Abstract

Publisher's version (útgefin grein), Background Past research in population health trends has shown that injuries form a substantial burden of population health loss. Regular updates to injury burden assessments are critical. We report Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 Study estimates on morbidity and mortality for all injuries. Methods We reviewed results for injuries from the GBD 2017 study. GBD 2017 measured injury-specific mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) using the Cause of Death Ensemble model. To measure non-fatal injuries, GBD 2017 modelled injury-specific incidence and converted this to prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs). YLLs and YLDs were summed to calculate disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Findings In 1990, there were 4 260 493 (4 085 700 to 4 396 138) injury deaths, which increased to 4 484 722 (4 332 010 to 4 585 554) deaths in 2017, while age-standardised mortality decreased from 1079 (1073 to 1086) to 738 (730 to 745) per 100 000. In 1990, there were 354 064 302 (95% uncertainty interval: 338 174 876 to 371 610 802) new cases of injury globally, which increased to 520 710 288 (493 430 247 to 547 988 635) new cases in 2017. During this time, age-standardised incidence decreased non-significantly from 6824 (6534 to 7147) to 6763 (6412 to 7118) per 100 000. Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardised DALYs decreased from 4947 (4655 to 5233) per 100 000 to 3267 (3058 to 3505). Interpretation Injuries are an important cause of health loss globally, though mortality has declined between 1990 and 2017. Future research in injury burden should focus on prevention in high-burden populations, improving data collection and ensuring access to medical care., Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation OPP1152504, "Peer Reviewed"

Published
2020
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44. Afghan EFL instructors’ perceptions of English textbooks

Author

Abdul Qawi Noori, Sayeed Naqibullah Orfan, and Sayeed Asif Akramy

Subjects
Textbook, Science (General), Higher education, media_common.quotation_subject, EFL, Context (language use), Cultural issues, Positive perception, Internationally-published, Q1-390, Afghan, Reading (process), Perception, Instructional materials, Mathematics education, ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION, Active listening, media_common, H1-99, Multidisciplinary, business.industry, Locally-published, Social sciences (General), Psychology, business, Research Article
Abstract

The study examined EFL instructors' perceptions of English textbooks. It also investigated whether the instructors' gender and the type of textbooks they used had a significant impact on their responses. A survey questionnaire with 30 closed-ended items was utilized to collect the data from 60 randomly selected EFL instructors who were teaching English in higher education institutions and English language centers. SPSS version 26.0 was used to analyze the data. The findings showed that the instructors had positive perceptions about English textbooks. They also believed that four skills of English were equally represented in the textbooks, and they contained adequate listening, speaking, reading and writing activities. In addition, the textbooks were enriched with the cultural issues of the target language and that they were appropriate for the Afghan context. The results also showed that textbooks served various roles in EFL classrooms, for instance, as a source of assessment and assignment. There were not statistically significant differences between female and male instructors' responses. However, the type of textbooks they used significantly impacted their perceptions of English textbooks. EFL Programs are recommended to encourage and support their instructors to use other English learning resources to optimize their students’ learning., Textbook, Internationally-published, Locally-published, Instructional materials, EFL.

Published
2021

45. Late Presentation of Aortopulmonary Window with Tetralogy of Fallot: Report of a Very Rare Case

Author

Prodip Kumar Biswas, Abul Kalam Shamsuddin, M.A.K. Azad, Jesmin Hossain, Muhammad Ishtiaque Sayeed Al-Manzo, and Eliyas Patwary

Subjects
tof with a-p window, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, late presentation of ap window, medicine.disease, Aortopulmonary window, Late presentation, Internal medicine, Rare case, aortopulmonary window, Cardiology, Medicine, business, Tetralogy of Fallot
Abstract

Aortopulmonary window (APW) itself is a rare congenital cardiac malformation and its association with Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) makes it more uncommon. We report a case of APW with TOF who presented at 4-year 10 months of age. As the boy was still in operable state, after thorough preoperative evaluation successful surgical repair was done.

Published
2021

46. Intrahepatic gallbladder mimicking a cystic liver lesion: A case report & literature review

Author

Ayoub Ahmed, Usama Albastaki, Noor Badrawi, and Shaikh Sayeed Iqbal

Subjects
Gastrointestinal, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Intrahepatic gallbladder, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Gallbladder, R895-920, Ectopic gallbladder, Magnetic resonance imaging, Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine, Cystic lesion, medicine.anatomical_structure, Liver lesion, Abdominal ultrasonography, Medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Abnormality, business
Abstract

Intrahepatic gallbladder is a rare congenital variant that occurs due to migration arrest of the gallbladder from reaching its normal position. We present a case of a 60year-old gentleman presenting with chronic abdominal pain and impaired liver enzymes. Abdominal ultrasonography showed a hepatic cystic lesion which later was identified as an ectopic gallbladder within the liver parenchyma through magnetic resonance imaging study of the liver. Although ectopic gallbladder is a rare anomaly, awareness and correct identification of the abnormality prevents misdiagnosis with other liver pathologies as it may mimic other pathologies as presented in this case. It also allows better operative planning when indicated.

Published
2021
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47. Prevalence of Brucellosis in Humans and Cattle in Selected Areas of Bangladesh

Author

Sayaema Binte Sayeed, Aktaruzzaman, Ataur Rahman, Siddiqur Rahman, Abu Sayeed Sarker, Morsheda Begum, and Fashiur Rahman

Subjects
business.industry, Environmental health, medicine, Brucellosis, medicine.disease, business
Abstract

Introduction: Brucellosis is a recognized public health problem and one of the major causes of morbidity both in humans and animals. It causes abortion and infertility in women and livestock as well. Objective: The research was carried out to know the prevalence and to identify the risk factors of brucellosis in humans and cattle in study areas in Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: The study areas were all Upazilas of Mymensingh, Jamalpur, Rangpur, Kurigram, Bagerhat and Gaibandha district and the Government owned Central Cattle Breeding and Dairy Farm (CCBDF) in Savar, Dhaka for cattle and human samples were collected from Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. A total livestock samples collected were 1043 and human samples were 460. Besides doing all the tests in Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh Medical College and Hospital laboratory Bangladesh, it was done also in Office International des Epizooties (OIE) world reference Laboratory in Jena, Germany. Results: Out of 1043, 28 milk samples (2.68 %) and 23 serum samples (2.21 %) were positive by MRT and RBT respectively. The highest prevalence was 3.05% in the Holstein Friesian cross using MRT, while 2.49% in the Holstein Friesian cows using RBT. Age-wise prevalence of brucellosis by MRT and RBT were 2.06% and 1.23% respectively in 1-4 years age group. On the other hand prevalence of brucellosis based on MRT and RBT were significantly higher (2.88% and 2.50%) in > 5 years age group (p≤0.01) than those of other age groups. Based on parity, significantly higher prevalence 3.07% and 2.58% of MRT and RBT were obtained respectively in parity 3-5 in comparison to other parity group (p≤0.01).In case of human brucellosis 460 blood samples were tested with RBT, SAT, CFT, iELISA, conventional PCR and real time PCR but were negative in all tests. In case of livestock and human brucellosis bacteria were cultured in OIE Reference Laboratory, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, but bacteria were not isolated. Conclusion: The prevalence of brucellosis is asserted in human and cattle in this study although MRT is 1st-line screening tests for brucellosis. Whereas no human samples were found positive for brucellosis in this study. Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.14(1) 2018: 33-36

Published
2019
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48. An Experimental Study on Short Term Durability and Hardened Properties of Baggasse Ash and Fly Ash Based Geo Polymer Concrete

Author

Vikram A. Patil, Somanagouda R. Takkalaki, and Mohammad Iliyas Mohammad Sayeed

Subjects
Cement, Materials science, Waste management, business.industry, General Engineering, Thermal power station, Polymer concrete, Sodium silicate, Pozzolan, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Properties of concrete, Fly ash, Coal, business
Abstract

This project reports the comparison of bagasse ash and fly ash-bagasse ash based on geopolymer concrete. In which cement is fully replaced by pozzolanic material that is rich in silicon and aluminium like fly ash and bagasse ash referred to as “Geopolymer concrete” which is a contemporary material. Geopolymer concrete was actually manufactured by reusing and recycling of industrial solid wastes and by products. Fly Ash, a by-product of coal obtained from the thermal power plant is plenty available worldwide. Fly ash is used as ingredients in concrete which enhance the properties of concrete and utilization of fly ash is helpful for consumption. Bagasse ash is a final waste product of sugar obtained from the sugar mills. The base material, viz. fly ash and Bagasse ash, is activated by alkaline solution that is sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate to produce a binder which is rich in silica and aluminium. Sample 1 is cement. It is replaced by 100% fly ash geopolymer concrete and trial 2 is 10%, 30% & 50% replaced by Bagasse ash in Geopolymer concrete . The project presents the strength and durability of Bagasse ash based Geopolymer concrete and fly ash and Bagasse ash based Geopolymer concrete.

Published
2021
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50. Reopening Interventional Pain Practices during the Early Phase of the COVID-19 Global Pandemic

Author

Yusef Sayeed, Belinda Duszynski, Lisa Huynh, Clark Smith, Richard G. Chang, John MacVicar, Zachary L McCormick, and Akhil Chhatre

Subjects
Face shield, medicine.medical_specialty, business.product_category, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Pain, Telehealth, Disease, Pandemic, medicine, Humans, Pandemics, Original Research, Practice, Interventional, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, COVID-19, General Medicine, Patient counseling, Telemedicine, Coronavirus, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Emergency medicine, Epidural injections, Neurology (clinical), AcademicSubjects/MED00010, Early phase, business
Abstract

Objective Examine how interventional pain physicians navigated the early phase of reopening practices during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods In June/July 2020, Spine Intervention Society members were queried about practice demographics, perception of COVID-19 prevalence, financial impact, and implementation of new tools and procedures when re-opening practices. Results Of the 2,295 members approached, 195 (8%) completed the survey. A majority (71%) reported using risk stratification tools and changing scheduling patterns. Nearly 70% performed initial assessments via telehealth and 87% for follow-up encounters. More than 80% performed symptom/temperature checks upon in-person clinic/facility entrance, and 63% screened patients via phone. Most (58%) did not test patients for COVID-19 for office visits, while 38% tested only if symptomatic. For epidural injections, intra-articular injections, and radiofrequency neurotomy procedures, 43% reported not testing patients, while 36% tested patients only if symptomatic. Most (70%) required patients to wear a mask upon entering the clinic/facility. For nonprocedure encounters, respondents used surgical masks (85%), gloves (35%), face shields/goggles (24%), N95 respirators (15%), and gowns (6%). Some (66%) discussed unique COVID-19 risks/complications and 26% provided written information. Most did not make changes to steroid dosage (67%) or peri-procedural anticoagulation management (97%). The vast majority (81%) estimated that COVID-19 will have a moderate-severe financial impact on their practice. Conclusions COVID-19 has dramatically affected interventional pain practices with regard to telehealth, in-clinic precautions, screening/testing protocols, and patient counseling. Practice patterns will continue to evolve as we learn more about the disease and improve methods to provide safe and effective care.

Published
2021
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