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This trial evaluated the preemptive and postoperative effect of dexamethasone and ibuprofen on prevention of pain/discomfort, edema and interference in daily life in patients undergoing root coverage combined with subepithelial connective tissue graft (CAF + CTG). Twenty patients were randomly assigned as follows: NSAID Group: 400mg Ibuprofen 60 min preemptive + 400mg Ibuprofen postoperative; or SAID Group: 4mg Dexamethasone 60 min preemptive + 4mg Dexamethasone postoperative. The postoperative medication was administered 8 and 16 h post-surgery. Each patient received questionnaires based on a numeric scale (101-point numeric scale rate [NRS-101]) and multiple choice questions (four-point verbal rating scale [VRS-4]) about trans-operative pain/discomfort, hourly for 8 h after surgery and once a day for three days. A Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for edema and interference in daily life during the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 7th day was also answered. The degree of anxiety was rated statistically by the Chi-square test. The Mann-Whitney and Friedman tests were used for the other questionnaires. The surgery time and number of analgesic pills consumed were compared using Student’s t-test. Patients who used dexamethasone presented a trend toward less pain when compared to individuals who ingested ibuprofen, with a significant difference observed 3 h after the procedure (p

Carcinoid is a neoplasia that arises from dispersed cells of the neuroendocrine system. This tumor is uncommon in animals, and its occurrence in the gallbladder is rare. A male Basset Hound dog’s corpse was taken to the Univerdade Federal de Minas Gerais to be analyzed by the Veterinary Pathology sector, without a description of its previous history. Necropsy revealed the presence of pale oral, ocular and penile mucous membranes. The gallbladder had a thickened wall and a dilated lumen, which was filled with dark and lumpy bile. Its mucosa had a whitish-red nodule, with solid and friable areas. Microscopically, there was a focal neoplastic proliferation, which wasn’t encapsulated and had imprecise limits, which cells were distributed in a solid pattern and separated by a delicate fibrovascular stroma. The neoplastic cells presented oval or round shaped nucleus, which had a chromatin predominantly loose, and one or two nucleoli. Their cytoplasm was moderately abundant, and in most of the cells it was eosinophilic, granular, and had well-defined limits. Using the Grimelius coloration, neoplastic cells’ cytoplasmic granules stained brownish or black, confirming the neuroendocrine origin of the neoplasia. Based on the macroscopic and microscopic findings, the diagnosis of a gallbladder carcinoid was established.

A 6-months-old male mixed-breed dog was admitted to the veterinary hospital with lameness in the right pelvic limb, proprioceptive ataxia, and suspected spinal cord injury in the lumbosacral segment. Upon palpation, firm nodules were noted on the bony surface of the thoracic and pelvic limbs, ribs, vertebrae, and tail. The radiographic study showed nodules of low radiopacity with well-defined limits and smooth contours, one of which was overlapping the fifth lumbar vertebra. Given the clinical presentation indicative of spinal cord injury, the animal was subjected to hemilaminectomy for nodular resection. Histopathological examination of the biopsy enabled the diagnosis of osteochondroma. The clinical follow up after surgery showed improvement in walking, despite persistent monoparesis in the right pelvic limb. The radiographic study in association with clinical and histopathological exams allowed the diagnosis and monitoring of the lesions.

A rare case of bilateral, primary, obstructive, giant megaureter was found during necropsy examination of an 11-year-old female German shepherd dog. On ultrasound examination and at necropsy examination, both ureters were tortuous and extensively dilated with diameter ranging from 1.86 to 4.8 cm. Both vesicoureteral junctions were obstructed by uroliths. A diagnosis of giant megaureter was established using human parameters since these values are not recognized in animals. The classification of obstructive and primary megaureter was determined because the obstruction was due to uroliths at the vesicoureteral junctions.

This trial evaluated the preemptive and postoperative effect of dexamethasone and ibuprofen on prevention of pain/discomfort, edema and interference in daily life in patients undergoing root coverage combined with subepithelial connective tissue graft (CAF + CTG). Twenty patients were randomly assigned as follows: NSAID Group: 400mg Ibuprofen 60 min preemptive + 400mg Ibuprofen postoperative; or SAID Group: 4mg Dexamethasone 60 min preemptive + 4mg Dexamethasone postoperative. The postoperative medication was administered 8 and 16 h post-surgery. Each patient received questionnaires based on a numeric scale (101-point numeric scale rate [NRS-101]) and multiple choice questions (four-point verbal rating scale [VRS-4]) about trans-operative pain/discomfort, hourly for 8 h after surgery and once a day for three days. A Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for edema and interference in daily life during the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 7th day was also answered. The degree of anxiety was rated statistically by the Chi-square test. The Mann-Whitney and Friedman tests were used for the other questionnaires. The surgery time and number of analgesic pills consumed were compared using Student’s t-test. Patients who used dexamethasone presented a trend toward less pain when compared to individuals who ingested ibuprofen, with a significant difference observed 3 h after the procedure (p

This study evaluated the influence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on the gene expression of bone-related factors in alveolar bone tissue from sites designated to receive dental implants. Bone biopsies were harvested from sites of planned implants for 19 systemically healthy patients and 35 patients with T2DM (17 with better-controlled T2DM (glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels ≤8%) and 18 with poorly controlled T2DM (HbA1c levels >8%)). The mRNA levels of tumour necrosis factor alpha, transforming growth factor beta, receptor activator of the nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), runt-related transcription factor 2, alkaline phosphatase, bone sialoprotein (BSP), type I collagen (COL-I), and osteocalcin were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. T2DM up-regulates RANKL levels and the ratio of RANKL/OPG, whereas it down-regulates COL-I and BSP expression (P