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Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a rare mesenchymal tumor with an intermediate tendency to metastasize. Meningeal hemangiopericytoma (HPC), arising in the meningeal membranes, also is considered an SFT. Although SFT is assumed to show an unpredictable behavior, the authors defined some factors associated with its aggressive behavior. This retrospective study was based on the medical records of 81 SFT patients treated surgically, with the median follow-up period of 59 months. The patients were assigned to three histopathologic groups based on the 2016 WHO classification: group 1 (SFT, 29 patients), group 2 (cellular SFT/hemangiopericytoma [HPC], 27 patients), and group 3 (malignant SFT/anaplastic HPC, 25 patients). The SFT histopathologic classification was associated with distant metastasis (DM) (p = 0.007). The multivariate analysis showed that cellular SFT had an independent impact on DM (odds ratio [OR] = 25.42; p = 0.006). Tumor diameter larger than 7.25 cm was correlated with DM (p = 0.010) and the patient’s disease-specific death (DSD) (p = 0.007). A 1-cm increase in tumor diameter enhanced the likelihood of metastasis by 1.26 (OR = 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05–1.53). Tumors originating from the central nervous system (CNS) showed a greater tendency toward local recurrence (LR) (p = 0.039) and DM (p = 0.05). Radiotherapy had no association with LR, DM, or DSD. The 10-year disease-specific survival rate was 82.7%. Tumor size and histopathologic diagnosis are the predictors of SFT’s aggressive behavior. Cellular SFTs behave as aggressively as the malignant form of the tumor. A SFT grading based on SFT cellularity would contribute to anticipation of its aggressive behavior.

This study was aimed to investigate the inequality of opportunity of access to the higher education centers and to present a model of reducing inequality of opportunities and to administer justice and fairness in order to achieve a sustainable development among the 17 cities and towns of West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. This research was a descriptive-analytic and survey type of study in nature. The participants included 890 pre-university high school students who completed a set of questionnaires eliciting their perceptions on opportunity inequality in accessing higher education. Moreover, documents adopted from the responsible governmental bodies on this topic were analyzed. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient, cluster analysis, path analysis and neural networks by means of Topsis, SPSS, and Excel softwares. The findings showed that there is inequality of opportunity of access to the higher education centers in cities of West Azerbaijan. Based on the path analysis, admission and individual-family indexes had the most and the least impacts on inequality of achieving higher education, respectively, among the cities of West Azerbaijan. Moreover, the neural networks model showed that the education indexes were the most important and the individual-family indexes were the least important ones in predicting the opportunity of accessing higher education in these cities. This study reveals that a three-componential model (namely, education, admission, and family-individual) along with their sub-components could be the basis for achieving education for sustainable development.

Terahertz radiation by optical rectification in single-walled highly aligned chiral carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) irradiated by ultrashort laser pulses is comprehensively studied. We take into account the structural properties of SWCNTs, including the filling factor, alignment, and chirality, as well as the laser pulse parameters including the pulse duration and the wavelength. The second-order nonlinear susceptibility tensor and, consequently, polarization responsible for optical rectification in SWCNTs are derived based on symmetrical features.The effective dielectric constants of SWCNTs are also extracted using the effective medium approximation. Then, the propagation effects in terms of the group velocity dispersion and absorption at both pump and terahertz pulse frequency regions are investigated. By adjusting the laser and the structure effective parameters among those practically feasible, minimum velocity mismatch required for optimum optical rectification and coherent amplification at terahertz frequencies in SWCNTs are introduced. Comparing the electric field waveform and the spectrum of the generated terahertz pulses under various conditions reveals that SWCNTs with higher alignment and lower filling factor at chirality (6,4) irradiated by an ultrashort laser pulse with the wavelength of 1550 nm could provide the conditions for maximum terahertz radiation generation.

Severe infection with COVID-19 disease can be associated with respiratory failure, kidney disorders, and in more advanced stages, organ failure and death. Unfortunately, there is currently no definitive cure for this disease, and damage to the immune system caused by inflammatory storms leads to widespread and varied complications that make an early diagnosis of the disease difficult. Therefore, eliminating or inhibiting the production of factors involved in inflammatory storms can be effective in improving the clinical condition of patients. According to specialized studies on the role of hemoperfusion in inhibiting advanced levels of COVID-19 disease, the present study was performed to investigate the use of hemoperfusion as a potential treatment option for this disease.

Aortoenteric fistula is a rare finding that is potentially fatal and is usually seen as a fistula between the aorta or an aortic graft and the third part of the duodenum. The type without the presence of an artificial graft is considered as primary and the other type as secondary. The patients usually present with the heralding symptom of minor hematemesis, which later leads to massive and mortal GI bleeding. The most important factor in the diagnosis of an aortoenteric fistula is to have a high clinical suspicion after taking an appropriate and accurate history. In hemodynamically stable patients with clinical suspicion, performing an intravenouscontrast-CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis is of assistance in diagnosis. In general, stable hemodynamics greatly reduces the suspicion for diagnosis. Treatment is often surgical, and in regard to the severity of abdominal contamination or the level of visible infection, the extra anatomical or insitu graft repair is considered as the method of choice. This article tries to transfer our experiences in two patients, each of whom presented with hematemesis and melena without a history of underlying aortic aneurysm.

Monitoring of microvascular free flaps is an influencing factor in the success or failure of the treatment. In this study, we aim to compare the accuracy of implantable Doppler and scintigraphy in the monitoring of a vascularised buried fibular graft for reconstruction of the mandible. In a prospective cohort study, an implantable Doppler was placed intraoperatively, and Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) was taken in patients when abnormal blood flow was detected via the implantable Doppler or 48 hours after operations in patients with normal signals on the Doppler. The flaps were explored if patients did not have regular signals via implantable Doppler or if SPECT revealed impaired perfusion. The number of true- and false-positive cases and true- and false-negative cases were documented. Positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated. Eighteen (29%) of 62 patients underwent explorative surgery. The sensitivity of SPECT was 38.88%, and specificity was 97.72%. In SPECT, PPV was 87.50% and NPV 79.62%. The sensitivity of the implantable Doppler was 72.22%, and specificity was 93.08%. In assessment with the implantable Doppler, PPV was 81.25% and NPV 93.18%. It seems that SPECT and the implantable Doppler had sufficient specificity in the monitoring of a buried fibular graft. However, SPECT had a lower sensitivity than the implantable Doppler.

As the Internet of Things applications become mission-critical and their data more valuable, it becomes more and more essential to paramount their security. The security can be improved by using emerging light-weight ciphers. SIMON is a relatively recent family of light-weight ciphers which is proposed by the National Security Agency optimized for hardware platforms. In this paper, we propose an optimized hardware architecture for SIMON for high-throughput resource-constrained applications with multiple levels of security. Moreover, a configurable architecture with different operating modes is introduced for utilizing in applications requiring higher resistance to fault and power attacks. This architecture also supports an ultra-high-throughput mode for different key sizes. Implementation results of the proposed architectures on both ASIC and FPGA are reported. The comparison results show that our proposals outperform similar architectures in terms of some design metrics, e.g. throughput, which make it suitable for IoT applications. Finally, we implement practically our architecture on the Digilent-ZYBO board and report the experimental results.

Background and Aim: Nursing is a profession mixed with stress and psychological stress and numerous ethical issues. The attitudes and perceptions of nurses and their perception of the governing climate affect their performance and their job satisfaction or stress in organizational affairs. Climate is a phenomenon that always exists in the organization and dominates the attitude of the people as the hidden force. The climate is the perception channel through which the effects of the environment on the views and behaviors are determined. Ethical climate is important for organizations and affects employees' ethical behavior. The discovery of the relationship between ethical climate and employees' attitudes and behavior is considered as one of the most important issues in organizational studies. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the correlation between ethical climate, job stress and job satisfaction among nurses working in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Urmia in 2015. Materials and Methods: The study population of this cross-sectional correlational study included nurses working in Imam Khomeini Hospital affiliated to Urmia University of Medical Sciences. Of the 366 nurses, 200 were selected using quota sampling method. Data collection was carried out using Victor and Cullen's Standard Ethical Climate (1999), Sutherland Job Stress (1995) and Brayfield & Rothe Job Satisfaction Questionnaires (1991). Cronbach's alpha of Ethical Climate, Job Stress and Job Satisfaction Questionnaires were calculated 0.72, 0.82, and 0.74, respectively. Also, in order to investigate the validity of the questionnaires, despite the standardization of the tools and their repeated use in domestic and foreign research, factor analysis was performed on the data obtained from the implementation of this scale were in the sample group. This analysis has been carried out in the form of exploratory analysis using the main component (PC) with Varimax rotation. The KMO coefficient was equal to 0.73 and the Xi value of Bartlett Sprite test 14506.8 was obtained, which was significant at 0.01, indicating the adequacy of the sample size and the sample variables for performing factor analysis. The results were confirmed and aggregate variance of 0.78 was obtained. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and regression tests were used in SPSS ver. 18 software. This research is the outcome of the M.A thesis of Urmia University, number A4/863. Ethical considerations: After obtaining the necessary permissions and familiarizing the participants with the objectives of the research, participants' oral satisfaction was obtained. Participants were assured about the confidentiality of information and the publication of the results of the study as a group. Findings: Participants' demographic information was as follow: female population (58%), age group of 26 to 30 years old (32.5%), Nurses with bachelor's degree (79%) and job experience of 6 to 10 years (49%). The mean and standard deviation of ethical climate, job satisfaction and job stress scores of participants were 80.55 ± 3.47, 28.44 ± 4.86 and 97.61 ± 17.21, respectively. Significant correlation was observed between the variables of ethical climate with job satisfaction (r = 0.395) and job stress with job satisfaction (r = -0.243) (P 0.01). Regression analysis showed that ethical climate predicts 34% of nurses' job stress (P

The modular multilevel converter (MMC) has found various applications in the high voltage industry during the recent years. the MMC consists of several identical submodules (SM). For proper operation of the MMC, balance must be maintained between the upper and lower arm sum capacitor voltages and the ac components of the circulating current must be suppressed. Since the equations which describe the dynamics of the MMC are highly interrelated, the MMC control becomes complicated. In this paper, a control method is proposed to achieve stable and balanced MMC control while reducing the ac components of the circulating current as much as possible. The proposed technique is based on weighted model predictive controlwhich uses genetic algorithm to produce the optimum upper and lower arm insertion indices. The algorithm then produces the corresponding switching patterns by the use of submodule sorting algorithm. The weighting factors were selected based on simulation results. Simulations were carried out on a single-phase MMC with 10 submodules with possible extension to higher levels and phases. Theoretical analysis and simulation results are presented and discussed. They all confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Neuropathic arthropathy (NA) is a progressive degenerative and destructive joint disease associated with underlying chronic neurologic deficit. A 34-year-old woman was referred to our tumor clinic with swelling and destruction of her left elbow joint. Except for a 5-year history of multiple sclerosis (MS), she had no other underlying diseases. Suspected of tumor involvement, she had been undergone an open biopsy. The pathologic report was fibromatosis, which was not compatible with imaging studies and clinical presentations. Second surgical inspection and cellular study didn’t prove tumoral involvement. Magnetic resonance images (MRIs) showed multiple hyper signal plaques in her cervical spine. MRI findings, clinical features, surgical observations, and disproportionate painless elbow destruction all confirmed the MS NA diagnosis.

Background:Osteoporosis is a common rheumatologic disorder in postmenopausal women which could lead to morbidities later in life. However, this condition has not been properly studied in premonapausal women.During pregnancy, the fetus needs a total of 30 grams of calcium for its skeleton and during lactation, 200 mg of calcium is secreted in the breast milk per day which the mother acquires by doubling its intestinal absorption rate. If the calcium intake of the mother is not sufficient to satisfy the fetus’ needs, it will be provided by bone resorption, which will decrease the maternal calcium reserves [1].Pregnancy and Lactation Associated Osteoporosis (PLAO) is a rare condition associated with pregnancy that should be considered in premenopausal women. The most commonly affected sites are the vertebrae and, more rarely, the hips, pubic rami and ribs [2].An important complication of osteoporosis is fracture and a preemptive diagnosis and treatment thereof, can have drastic effects on the quality of life.Objectives:Our objective is to document the relevant risk factors, present signs and symptoms, course of illness, and response to treatment in three cases of PLAO. It is quite possible that osteoporosis in pregnancyand lactation is more frequent than recognized, simply because it is only recognized when an-unexpected fracture occurs[3]. Thus, in this article we are presenting three cases that showcase the need for more rigorous research on PLAO risk factors, the need for screening in high risk patients, and the advantages of early detection in patients’ outcome.Methods:The clinical cases of the patients whose PLAO diagnoses had been confirmed by both a radiologist and a rheumatologist in the past year was extracted. Information related to demographic indices, clinical manifestations, and the treatment methods was evaluated and compared.Results:In the past year, three patients with a chief complaint of low-back pain have visited our clinic. The first, a 22-year-old woman with a nursing history of 2 months, the next one, a 31-year-old woman with a nursing history of 3 months, and the last, a 22-year-old woman with a nursing history of 4 months. All three patients had low back pain and tenderness. Two out of three patients had deficient vitamin D levels and the other had a normal one. All three patients had low BMD in lumbar vertebra and MRI imagings indicative of osteoporotic fracture.Table 1.General and pregnancy-relatedcharacteristics of the case studiesVariablesCase 1Case 2Case 3Age223122Nursing duration2 months3months4monthsBMD(lumbar spine)-3.6-3.5-3.1Vitamin D level12.6(ng/ml)31.6(ng/ml)8(ng/ml)FractureT12,L1T4,5,6,7,10,L2L1,2,3,4,5Conclusion:Since the symptoms of PLAO are often confused with pain in other low-back pain conditions associated with pregnancy, PLAO is a mostly overlooked diagnosis[4]. It is only recognized when an unexpected fracture occurs [3]Therefore, high risk patients with less severe symptoms are usually not diagnosed and thusly, should undergo a proper screening test, so that they are recognized early and the morbid sequelae are averted.References:[1]Kovacs, C. S., and S. H. Ralston. “Presentation and Management of Osteoporosis Presenting in Association with Pregnancy or Lactation.”Osteoporosis International, vol. 26, no. 9, 2015, pp. 2223–2241., doi:10.1007/s00198-015-3149-3.[2]Gregorio, Silvana Di, et al. “Osteoporosis with Vertebral Fractures Associated with Pregnancy and Lactation.”Nutrition, vol. 16, no. 11-12, 2000, pp. 1052–1055., doi:10.1016/s0899-9007(00)00430-5.[3]Bartl, Reiner, and Christoph Bartl. “The Osteoporosis Manual.” 2019, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-00731-7.[4]Eroglu, Semra, et al. “Evaluation of Bone Mineral Density and Its Associated Factors in Postpartum Women.”Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol. 58, no. 6, 2019, pp. 801–804., doi:10.1016/j.tjog.2019.09.013.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

Low power consumption, nowadays, has emerged to be an indispensable factor as there is a growing demand for designing efficient computation-intensive systems and integrating more transistors on chips. With a trade-off between area, delay, power consumption, and accuracy, approximate computing has become a promising solution to address the power efficiency problem for error-tolerant applications such as digital signal processing. Adders are imperative arithmetic components in the applications above. As adder participates in the critical path of most systems, reducing the power consumption of them can contribute to the total system power efficiency. To achieve high flexibility and less fault occurrence when using approximate computation, reconfigurable addition can be beneficial by providing different modes of approximate and accurate operations in multi-bit adder circuits. In this paper, we propose a 16-transistor accurate full adder design based on a 10-transistor full adder for which the threshold loss problem, has been reduced to increase the output voltage swing. This 16-transistor full adder is our baseline for the further proposed configurable bimodal design, which functions as a Lower-part-OR (LOA) Adder in the approximate mode. Having been optimized at transistor level, this configurable bimodal full adder, in the approximate mode, consumes 53% lower power than LOA adder. Moreover, in the accurate mode, the power consumption is reduced by 12% compared to its baseline 16-transistor accurate design.

Purpose A sentinel event is an unexpected occurrence resulting in death or serious physical or psychological injury or the risk thereof. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influencing factors of sentinel events in the emergency department of a military hospital in Tehran to find out some of the effective solutions. Design/methodology/approach In this qualitative study with content analysis approach, 20 hospital healthcare personnel participated as participants from the fields of medicine and nursing. Purposive random sampling and semi-structured interviews were used for data collection. Atlas.ti software version 5.2 was used for data analysis. Findings Four themes and 32 subthemes were identified by numerous revisions and combining the codes. The four main themes of sentinel events were: causes, incidence barriers, cause prevention solutions, and barriers’ improvement solutions. Moreover, these main factors were related to these issues: staff and patients’ education, communication, assessment, patients and their companions, employee rights, leadership, care continuum, human factors, physical environment, information management and medication use. Some solutions were also suggested according to these factors and a policy was recommended. Practical implications Hospital managers and authorities should try to find the main causes of sentinel events by periodical analysis to find ways to prevent them in the future, using logical and reasonable solutions. Originality/value This study confirms that strategies to reduce the sentinel events in emergency departments should focus on empowerment of all staff.

Background: In the last decade, great attention has been paid to endovascular treatment and now it is considered as a treatment of choice in aortoiliac occlusive disease. Objectives: To report our 2-year follow-up experience in this field. Patients and Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on patients who underwent aortoiliac angioplasty with or without stenting from September 2013 to March 2015. Medical profile, clinical signs and symptoms, and technical variables of angioplasty were recorded. Technical success rate and primary patency rate were the main outcome measures. Results: Fifty eight patients (m:f = 53:5) with the mean age of 64.28 ± 10.88 years and the most common initial presentation of intermittent claudication (37.9%) were evaluated. The technical success rate was 100% in each transatlantic inter-society consensus (TASC) subtypes. The mean time of hospital stay was 9.45 ± 7.96 days. The mean follow up period was 14.01 ± 5.87 months (6-27months). The Kaplan-Meier analysis estimated a primary patency rate of TASC subtypes A-D at 1 year as 96.3%, 100%, 66.7%, and 96.3%, respectively. Two years primary patency rates were 96.3%, 100%, 66.7%, and 81.6% for A-D TASC subtypes, respectively. There was no complication or death in the study group. Conclusion: Endovascular treatment for different TASC II subtypes is associated with considerable technical success rate and primary patency rate even in TASC D, which has been previously indicated to be treated with open surgical procedures.

Background: Endovascular treatment (ET) is a treatment option for aortoiliac occlusive disease in patients with critical symptoms. ET is the choice for the transatlantic inter-society consensus for the management of peripheral arterial disease (TASC II) type A and B lesions. However, its use for type C and D lesions is getting more popular due to its less invasive nature and feasibility for more patients than open surgery. Objectives: To describe short term results of ET in the treatment of total bilateral aortoiliac occlusion and discuss its role in the treatment of such lesions. Patients and Methods: Patients with total bilateral aortoiliac occlusion with either life disturbing claudication or critical limb ischemia symptoms, including rest pain or limb ulcer, who were unresponsive to exercise and medical treatment were chosen and underwent ET and were followed up. Their demographic data and possible risk factors were recorded. Activity level before and after the procedure was compared using paired sample T test. Satisfaction mean and standard error was calculated and three months, six months, and twelve months patency rates were calculated and 95% confidence interval (CI) was made using binomial exact test. Results: Fifteen patients met the inclusion criteria and underwent ET. Technical success was achieved in all cases. There were two cases of early mortality due to concomitant coronary artery disease (CAD) and prior poor medical condition. Patients satisfaction mean was 7.9 out of 10 (SE: 0.5) and activity level after procedure was significantly higher than before (1.53 and 2.58; P < 0.001). Primary patency rates at 3, 6, and 12 months were respectively 92.3% (24 of 26 limbs, CI = [74.7, 99.0]), 90.9% (20 of 22 limbs, CI = [70.8, 98.9]), and 83.3% (15 of 18 limbs, CI = [58.6, 96.4]). For 12 months follow-up, secondary patency rate increased to 88.9% (16 0f 18 limbs, CI = [65.3, 96.4]). Conclusion: When comparing patency rates for ET and open surgery no significant difference is seen (CI [58.6, 96.4], 93.6) and since re-intervention after ET with no delay is possible, it sounds a good treatment choice for total bilateral aortoiliac occlusions. Endovascular treatment of total bilateral aortoiliac occlusions can be a valid option with promising results and fewer complications that especially can be considered in high-risk patients. Further studies are recommended.

Chondroblastoma (CB) is a rare benign tumor that occurs most commonly in the second decade of life. No studies on CB in adulthood have been reported. Our purposes were to report a single-institution experience on CB in adults and to discuss the clinical and imaging findings, type of treatment, oncologic and functional outcomes. All patients diagnosed and treated for CB from 1981 to 2014 were reviewed. The main inclusion criterion was patients above their 30 years of age at diagnosis. Clinical presentation, imaging, surgical treatment, complications and functional outcome were evaluated. Local recurrences were recorded. There were 15 males (65%) and 8 females (35%) with a mean age of 40 years (range 30–59 years). Tumor involved the small bones (talus, calcaneus, acromion, cuneiform, metatarsals) in 15 patients (65%) and the long bones in eight patients (35%). Treatment consisted of curettage only (6 cases), curettage plus phenol (13 cases), curettage plus radiotherapy (one patient with vertebral tumor), resection (two patients with CB of the acromion) and chopart amputation (one patient with a metatarsal tumor). At a mean follow-up of 8.4 years (range 3–30 years), twenty patients (87%) remained continuously disease-free, whereas three had local recurrences. None of the patients received chemotherapy. This study confirms that the occurrence and outcome of adult patients with CB are similar with those affecting younger patients. The main difference consists of the involved bones; flat bones and short tubular bones of the foot, especially the talus and calcaneus, are most commonly involved as opposed to long tubular bones. Therapeutic study, level IV-1 (case series).

Background: Surgery on the lower thoracic and lumbosacral spine is possible with both general and spinal anesthesia, but most spine surgeons are reluctant to perform the surgery with spinal anesthesia. We aimed to conduct a survey on the short-term outcome of microlumbar discectomy in the patients who had been treated under general or spinal anesthesia. Methods: In this prospective study, we performed a survey on 72 patients who underwent microlumbar discectomy under general anesthesia (group A) or spinal anesthesia (group B). Demographic characteristics, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status, duration of operation, blood loss, and complications were all documented. Preoperative and early postoperative (at the time of discharge) disability and pain were assessed by using Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scoring system and a visual analog scale questionnaire. Results: The two groups were homogenous preoperatively. The mean intraoperative blood loss was less and the mean operating time was shorter in group A than in group B, but there was no statistically significant difference between groups. The rate of postoperative improvement in JOA score and improvement in pain were similar between groups. Anesthetic complications were unremarkable. Conclusions: Simple lumbar disc operations in the otherwise healthy patients can be safely performed under either spinal or general anesthesia. Both anesthetic methods led to comparable outcomes with minimal complications. © 2019, Korean Orthopaedic Association. All rights reserved.

Capital employed efficiency is one of the intellectual capital components based on value added intellectual capital model. It is calculated by dividing value added on capital employed. Operational cash flow is made from operating activities. It is expected that created value added from capital employed could make more operational cash flow. This paper investigates the relationship between capital employed efficiency and operating cash flow. To test this hypothesis, data has been collected from a sample of 161 firms in Tehran Stock Exchange over the period 2008-2012. Results show that there is a positive and significant relationship between capital employed efficiency and operational cash flow. In other words, more cash flow from operational is created through increasing the amount of value added based on capital employed.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop user friendly software with the minimum error and maximum performance in a form of remote sensing satellites evaluation software for estimation of weights and ranks of the remote sensing satellite plans, to decrease risk of management decisions.Design/methodology/approachThe analytic hierarchy process (AHP) as a comprehensive framework for strategic decision making is used to arrive at the weights of criteria and sub‐criteria of remote sensing satellites. The Ms‐Access software is written to compute the ranks of the remote sensing satellite plans based on the relative weights of inputs and then, the outputs from AHP are shown as a numerical graph and generates the Ms‐Access database.FindingsOne of the main objectives of this paper is an attempt to access this skill that compare several remote sensing satellite plans on quantity and quality point of view by several effective criteria such as mass, power consumption and cost of satellites, in addition to the remote sensing subsystem, communication subsystem, telemetry, tracking and control subsystem, attitude determination control subsystem and their own sub‐criteria.Research limitations/implicationsIt is hard in just one paper, to gather lots of information about remote sensing satellite systems, use a new methodology that is unknown for aerospace engineering, and talk about an innovative software.Practical implicationsThis paper provides helpful evaluating software which has a data bank that it is very useful and impartial advice for space strategy's managing organization to compare several plans.Originality/valueThis study provides low cost, time‐saving, and high‐performance remote sensing satellite evaluation software and gives valuable information and guidelines which help management decisions of aerospace organization.

Introduction: Our aim was to determine the relationship between genuine premature ejaculation and serum and seminal plasma magnesium.Materials and Methods: In a case-control study carried out between January 2002 and December 2003, 19 patients with premature ejaculation were evaluated and compared with 19 patients without premature ejaculation. Patients with organic and psychogenic causes were excluded. Seminal plasma and serum magnesium levels were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometery. Results: Seminal plasma magnesium levels in study patients (94.73 ± 10.87 mg/L) were significantly lower than they were in controls (116.68 ± 11.63 mg/L, P < 0.001), but there were no such differences regarding serum magnesium levels (study patients, 20.26 ± 2.66 mg/L; controls, 20.73 ± 2.80 mg/L). Semen–to–serum-magnesium ratio was significantly lower in patients with premature ejaculation (P < 0.001). Also, a reverse relationship between body mass index and genuine premature ejaculation was found (P = 0.027).Conclusion: Genuine premature ejaculation has a significant relationship with decreased levels of seminal plasma magnesium. Further studies are needed to clarify the actual role of magnesium in the physiology of the male reproductive tract, especially its association with premature ejaculation.

The purpose of this study is to empirically evaluate social and cultural reproduction theory in the pursuit of education. Thus, the theory of social reproduction, cultural reproduction and social capital have been utilized to develop the theoretical framework. The research type in regard to its goal is applied and in regard to data collection method is survey research. A questionnaire has been used to collect data. Population of this research covered all graduate students of West Azerbaijan province universities in the academic year 1392-1393 (n=9352, according to available statistics) among them 132 students were selected randomly as research sample through multi stage cluster sampling. To test the research hypotheses, Pearson correlation, multiple regression and path analysis technique have been employed. Empirical findings indicate that independent variables including socio-economic status, social capital and cultural capital affect academic success of students in pursuing higher education.

The present research aimed to promote understanding of political tactics in organizations. Political behavior innowadays-complex conditions is a process that the conflicts, contrasts and differences among interested groups areresolved. It means dialogue, attention to different goals in organizations, regarding the interest of different groups,attraction of staff cooperation, and acquisition of the worker’s support in management decisions, therefore technicaland organizational wisdom are not sufficient. Managers along the development of organizations need to havepolitical wisdom. In this study we surveyed political tactics perceptions of 1263 academic faculty members in WestAzarbaijan State Universities. The research method was a descriptive-survey. Among these academic members, 376individuals were chosen randomly as research sample. Questionnaire of ‘political tactics’ (r= 0.9) was used to collectdata. The data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics as well as t-test, MANOVA, andFreidman test. Research findings showed that there were significant differences between academic degrees of theacademic faculty members and political tactics used in the universities, whereas there was no any differencebetween gender of faculty members and political tactics. The survey revealed that the perceptions of political tacticsamong faculty members were different in West Azarbaijan State Universities; therefore, some practical suggestionsare recommended.

The present research purports to have obtained highly conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly (styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) films as transparent anodes for organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) using the vapors of ethanol, ethylene glycol, sulfuric acid, and acetone. Polar vapor exhibited the capability to decrease the sheet resistance from 130 kΩ/sq to 97 Ω/sq through modifying the surface of PEDOT:PSS film treated by ethanol. The conductivity enhancement mechanism has been explained by vapor polarity of the solvent. Root mean square roughness of the films was altered from 1.80 to 1.34 nm after being treated with ethanol. The transmittance indices of all the treated films have been more than 85% in the visible spectral range. Polar vapor-treated PEDOT:PSS films with low sheet resistance and high optical transmittance were applied as an anode in the OLEDs. Flexible indium tin oxide-free OLED manufactured based on PEDOT:PSS film treated with ethanol vapor displayed the highest luminance intensity of 564 cd/m2.

This research reviews the role of corporate governance regarding transactions with related parties and company performance. 85 companies admitted into the TSE were studies during a six months period between 2008 and 2013. Transaction with related parties is a usual trait of commercial activities. For example, some businesses conduct their activities via subsidiary businesses, particular partnerships and related businesses. Transactions with related parties can affect financial situation, financial performance and flexibility of the business. In this research the ratio of non-executive members of the board of directors to total members, membership or non membership of the managing director in the board, size of board and shares of institutional owners have been used as corporate governance variables. Finally, Eviews and Excel software and multi variable regression were used to test the research hypothesis. Results indicate a significant correlation between transactions with related parties and returns on assets. Results also showed that by importing corporate governance variables into the model, explanatory power of model increases and negative effect of transactions with related parties on performance reduces.

Managers can increase the firm value by using the effective working capital policies. The corporate value maximization strategy is executed with a focus on return and risk. This study investigates the relationship between aggressive/conservative working capital policies and profitability risk in Tehran stock exchange listed companies. The sample includes 274 companies over the period 2006-2012. The results in all industries indicate a negative relationship between working capital investment policy and profitability risk measures. And there is a positive relationship between working capital financing policy and profitability risk measures. It means that, more the companies use conservative working capital policy, it will lead to decreasing profitability risk. And more the companies use aggressive working capital policy, it will lead to increasing profitability risk.