Search

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of oral nutritional supplements (ONS) on patients with esophageal cancer during radiotherapy. Materials and Methods: Patients wit...

Light is an essential natural factor of fish growth and development. A light regime in indoor aquaculture is critical for sustainable fish production. This research aimed to investigate the effect of light intensity and photoperiod on the growth performance and stress response of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), which is an important commercial species, in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). Fingerlings with an average weight of 5 ± 0.9 g were randomly assigned to nine 1.5 m3 tanks with 145 fish in each tank, cultured under different light intensities (1000, 2000, and 3000 lx) and photoperiods (12L:12D, 18L:6D, 24L:0D), and fed to apparent satiation twice a day for 160 days. The growth of tilapia subjected to 2000 lx was significantly better than that exposed to 1000 and 3000 lx (P 0.05). Light intensity and photoperiod manipulation did not cause a significant chronic stress response in tilapia. This study demonstrated that light intensity, especially at 2000 lx, and photoperiod manipulation could stimulate the growth of tilapia in the RAS and significantly affect economic profitability. This study also served as an important reference for tilapia indoor aquaculture.

Background: This study aims to explore the associations of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) expression levels with prognosis and radiation sensitivity in patients with breast cancer. Methods: Breast cancer tissues, adjacent normal breast tissues, and benign breast lesions were initially obtained from 256 breast cancer patients as well as an additional 245 patients with breast lesions. Reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was conducted to assess the expression of HER2 and BRCA1 in the collected tissues. Immunohistochemistry was performed to examine HER2 and BRCA1-positive expression levels in the tissues. The relationship between HER2 and BRCA1 expression levels and radiation sensitivity as well breast cancer prognosis was assessed by the Spearman correlation analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Results: Compared with adjacent normal breast tissues and benign breast lesions, the breast cancer tissues exhibited high expression of HER2 mRNA and protein and low expression of BRCA1 mRNA and protein. Patients with positive HER2 expression had a significantly shorter survival time, and survival time of patients with positive BRCA1 expression was markedly longer, which were consistent with RT-qPCR results. After radiotherapy, the local failure rate of HER2-positive patients was higher than that of the negative ones, while that of BRCA1-positive patients was lower than that of the negative ones. Conclusions: This study suggested that breast cancer patients with high HER2 expression and low BRCA1 expression were less sensitive to radiotherapy with poor prognosis in breast cancer.

Aims We aimed to validate the predictive value of the ABCD3-I score for short-term and long-term stroke risk after transient ischemic attack (TIA) and to evaluate the influence of symptomatic intracranial artery stenosis (sICAS) on the performance of ABCD3-I. Methods We recruited TIA patients from the Third China National Stroke Registry study. Outcome parameters were stroke events during the 14-day, 3-month, 6-month, and 12-month points. The area under the curve (AUC) was calculated as a measure of predictive ability. A multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the hazard ratio of risk factors for stroke. Results Among 986 patients, 3.9%, 5.1%, 6.5 %, and 8.2% of participants experienced a stroke event during the 14-day, 3-month, 6-month, and 12-month points post TIA, respectively. The AUCs of ABCD3-I score for the prediction of stroke were 0.786, 0.732, 0.715, and 0.699 at the 14-day, 3-month, 6-month, and 12-month points, respectively. The AUCs were 0.774, 0.690, 0.617, and 0.611 in patients with sICAS, 0.789, 0.748, and 0.758 and 0.734 in those without sICAS. P values of the interaction between ABCD3-I categories and sICAS were 0.0618 for 14-day, 0.0098 for 3-month, 0.0318 for 6-month, and 0.0294 for 12-month. Conclusions ABCD3-I score performed well in predicting short-term risk of a stroke after an index TIA in patients with or without sICAS. However, the predictive power decayed with the prolonged period, and the decayed extent was more pronounced among those with sICAS. The assessment of sICAS is a non-ignorable item when using the ABCD3-I score for long-term stroke risk prediction in patients with TIA.

In the field of real-time image enhancement, image super-resolution (SR) is an important research hotspot. As an image super-resolution method, deep learning can extract more stable and higher level features. However, image super-resolution processing is an ill posed problem. Due to the lack of self-attentional negative feedback mechanism, the existing methods can not better constrain the mapping space from low-resolution image to high-resolution image, so generated high-resolution (HR) image does not conform to human visual perception. Therefore, this paper proposes a self-attention negative feedback network (SRAFBN) for realizing the real-time image SR. The network model constrains the image mapping space and selects the key information of the image through the self-attention negative feedback model, so that higher quality images can be generated to meet human visual perception. Specifically, a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) is firstly utilized to construct multiple negative feedback modules, and each module generates a HR image. Then, the key information of the generated image is extracted by the self-attention mechanism. Finally, the extracted information is fused to generate the final HR image. Experimental results prove the proposed SRAFBN network model not only has higher PSNR and SSIM, but also can reconstruct more realistic and clear real-time images.

Background: Sleep curtailment is a serious problem in many societies. Clinical evidence has shown that sleep deprivation is associated with mood dysregulation, formation of false memory, cardio-metabolic risk factors and outcomes, inflammatory disease risk, and all-cause mortality. The affective disorder dysregulation caused by insufficient sleep has become an increasingly serious health problem. However, to date, not much attention has been paid to the mild affective dysregulation caused by insufficient sleep, and there is no clear and standard therapeutic method to treat it. The Xiaoyao Pill is a classic Chinese medicinal formula, with the effect of dispersing stagnated hepatoqi, invigorating the spleen, and nourishing the blood. Therefore, it is most commonly used to treat gynecological diseases in China. In the present study, the effects of the Xiaoyao Pill on affective dysregulation of sleep-deprived mice and its underlying molecular mechanisms were investigated. Methods: Forty adult female mice were used in the present study. The sleep deprivation model was established by improving the multi-platform water environment method. After 7 consecutive days of sleep deprivation, the mice were administrated low (LXYP, 0.32mg/kg) and high (HXYP, 0.64 mg/kg) doses of the Xiaoyao Pill for two weeks. Then, the body weight, behavioral deficits, and histopathology were evaluated. Meanwhile, the expression of c-fos protein and the concentrations of monoamine neurotransmitters in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex were determined after two weeks of treatment. Results: Xiaoyao Pill treatment significantly increased body weight and sucrose consumption and decreased the irritability scores of the sleep-deprived mice. Meanwhile, Xiaoyao Pill treatment prevented brain injury and inhibited the expression of c-fos protein in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. In addition, HXYP treatment significantly upregulated the levels of NE in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (p < 0.01). LXYP treatment significantly up-regulated the levels of 5-HT in the prefrontal cortex. Meanwhile, both HXYP and LXYP treatment significantly up-regulated the levels of DA in the prefrontal cortex (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01) of sleep-deprived mice. Conclusions: The present study demonstrates that Xiaoyao Pill treatment prevented the behavioral deficits of mice induced by sleep deprivation by promoting the recovery of brain tissue injury and up-regulating the levels of NE, 5-HT, and DA in the brain tissue.

We present a sample of 16 likely strong gravitational lenses identified in the VST Optical Imaging of the CDFS and ES1 fields (VOICE survey) using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). We train two different CNNs on composite images produced by superimposing simulated gravitational arcs on real Luminous Red Galaxies observed in VOICE. Specifically, the first CNN is trained on single-band images and more easily identifies systems with large Einstein radii, while the second one, trained on composite RGB images, is more accurate in retrieving systems with smaller Einstein radii. We apply both networks to real data from the VOICE survey, taking advantage of the high limiting magnitude (26.1 in the r-band) and low PSF FWHM (0.8" in the r-band) of this deep survey. We analyse $\sim21,200$ images with $mag_r, 15 pages, 12 figures, submitted to MNRAS

Objective The investigators aimed to explore the clinical characteristics, immunotherapy, and outcomes of patients with antileucine-rich glioma-inactivated-1 (anti-LGI1) encephalitis. Methods Data on participants' clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, radiological and electroencephalogram (EEG) features, treatment, and outcomes from January 2012 to December 2016 were collected. Statistical analysis was conducted to assess the factors associated with patient functional outcome. Forty-three patients were enrolled in the study, with a predominance of males (65.1%). The median age at onset was 57 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 44.0-65.0). The median time from onset to diagnosis was 60 days (IQR: 37.0-127.0). Results The main clinical manifestations included epilepsy (100%), faciobrachial dystonic seizures (FBDS; 44.2%), cognitive dysfunction (95.3%), neuropsychiatric disturbances (76.7%), sleep disorders (58.1%), and disturbance of consciousness (48.8%). Twenty-two patients (51.2%) had hyponatremia, 31 (72.1%) had abnormal EEG results, and 30 (69.8%) had abnormal brain MRI scans, mainly involving the hippocampus (76.7%) or temporal lobe (40%). Twenty of 34 patients (58.8%) in a follow-up MRI examination exhibited hippocampal atrophy. Twenty-five patients (58.2%) were administered corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin, whereas 17 patients were treated only with corticosteroids. Forty-one patients (95.3%) had favorable outcomes after a median of 21.5 months (IQR: 7-43) of follow-up. Serum sodium level was a factor associated with a disabled status (odds ratio=0.81, 95% CI=0.66, 0.98, p=0.03). Anti-LGI1 encephalitis patients were characterized by seizures, FBDS, cognitive deficits, neuropsychiatric disturbances, and hyponatremia. Conclusions Most patients with anti-LGI1 encephalitis are nonparaneoplastic, have low recurrence rates, and have favorable prognostic outcomes. Rapid evaluation, prompt immunotherapy, and long-term follow-up are essential in the care of anti-LGI1 encephalitis patients.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a severe complication of diabetes; however, the pathogenesis of DR has not been completely clarified, which is mostly dependent on the molecular pathology. To investigate key serum-derived miRNAs associated with DR. Methods: miRNA expression profile arrays of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) treated with glucose were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (GSE74296). Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to obtain hub miRNAs, which were verified in HUVECs treated with 40 mM and 5 mM glucose, respectively. Meanwhile, serum samples of patients with DR and healthy controls were collected, and EVs were extracted from the patients’ serum by ultracentrifugation. Hub miRNAs associated with endothelial dysfunction were verified in healthy individuals before and after treatment of patients with DR, by qRT-PCR. Results: These miRNAs were categorized into six modules, among which miR-26b-5p had a strong association with other modules. This miRNA was also one of the hyperglycemia-induced miRNAs related to endothelial dysfunction. miR-26b-5p was upregulated in HUVECs treated with 40 mM glucose and in the serum of patients with DR before and after treatment Furthermore, miR-26b-5p was slightly up-regulated in serum-derived EVs but not in serum without EVs in DM patients. Conclusion: Our results suggest that EVs derived from miR-26b-5p are up-regulated in the serum of patients with DR.

Multiview learning has received substantial attention over the past decade due to its powerful capacity in integrating various types of information. Conventional unsupervised multiview dimension reduction (UMDR) methods are usually conducted in an offline manner and may fail in many real-world applications, where data arrive sequentially and the data distribution changes periodically. Moreover, satisfying the requirements of high memory consumption and expensive retraining of the time cost in large-scale scenarios are difficult. To remedy these drawbacks, we propose an online UMDR (OUMDR) framework. OUMDR aims to seek a low-dimensional and informative consensus representation for streaming multiview data. View-specific weights are also learned in this article to reflect the contributions of different views to the final consensus presentation. A specific model called OUMDR-E is developed by introducing the exclusive group LASSO (EG-LASSO) to explore the intraview and interview correlations. Then, we develop an efficient iterative algorithm with limited memory and time cost requirements for optimization, where the convergence of each update is theoretically guaranteed. We evaluate the proposed approach in video-based expression recognition applications. The experimental results demonstrate the superiority of our approach in terms of both effectiveness and efficiency.

Background and Purpose: Whether imaging parameters would independently predict stroke recurrence in low-risk minor ischemic stroke (MIS) or transient ischemic attack (TIA) according to traditional score system (such as ABCD 2 score, which was termed on the basis of the initials of the five factors: age, blood pressure, clinical features, duration, diabetes) remains unclear. We sought to evaluate the association between imaging parameters and 1-year stroke recurrence in patients with TIA or MIS in different risk stratum stratified by ABCD 2 score. Methods: We included patients with TIA and MIS (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≤3) with complete baseline vessel and brain imaging data from the Third China National Stroke Registry III. Patients were categorized into different risk groups based on ABCD 2 score (low risk, 0–3; moderate risk, 4–5; and high risk, 6–7). The primary outcome was stroke recurrence within 1 year. Multivariable Cox proportional-hazards regression models were used to assess whether imaging parameters (large artery stenosis, infarction number) were independently associated with stroke recurrence. Results: Of the 7140 patients included, 584 patients experienced stroke recurrence within 1 year. According to the ABCD 2 score, large artery stenosis was associated with higher stroke recurrence in both low-risk (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.746 [95% CI, 1.200–2.540]) and moderate-risk group (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.326 [95% CI, 1.042–1.687]) but not in the high-risk group ( P >0.05). Patients with multiple acute infarctions or single acute infarction had a higher risk of recurrent stroke than those with no infarction in both low- and moderate-risk groups, but not in the high-risk group. Conclusions: Large artery stenosis and infarction number were independent predictors of 1-year stroke recurrence in low-moderate risk but not in high-risk patients with TIA or MIS stratified by ABCD 2 score. This finding emphasizes the importance of early brain and vascular imaging evaluation for risk stratification in patients with TIA or MIS.

Objectives Early acute kidney injury (AKI) after burn contributes to disastrous prognoses for severely burned patients. Burn-induced renal oxidative stress and secondary proinflammatory mediator release contribute to early AKI development, and Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 regulates inflammation. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a stress-responsive enzyme that plays a vital role in protecting against ischemia-induced organ injury via its antioxidant properties and regulation of inflammation. We investigated the potential effect of HO-1 induction in preventing burn-induced early AKI and its related mechanism. Methods A classic major-burn rat model was established using a 100 °C water bath, and hemin was injected intraperitoneally immediately after the injury to induce HO-1. Histological staining and blood tests were used to assess AKI progression based on structural changes and function. Renal levels of HO-1, oxidative stress, proinflammatory mediators and TLR4-related signals were detected using ELISA, immunostaining, qRT-PCR, and western blotting. The selective TLR4 inhibitor TAK242 and TLR4 inducer LPS were introduced to determine the roles of HO-1 in burn-related renal inflammation and the TLR4 pathway. Results Hemin improved burn-induced renal histological damage and dysfunction, and this beneficial effect was related to reduced renal oxidative stress and the release of proinflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Hemin downregulated the expression of TLR4 and the subsequent phosphorylation of IKKα/β, IκBα, and NF-κB p65;. TAK242 exerted an effect similar to but weaker than hemin; and LPS reversed the antiinflammatory effect of hemin and the regulation of TLR4 signals. These results suggested that the TLR4 signaling pathway mediated the HO-1-facilitated regulation of renal inflammation after burn. Conclusion The present study demonstrated that HO-1 induction prevented burn-induced early AKI by targeting renal inflammation, which was mediated via regulation of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the association of the maternal serum albumin (MAlb) level with fetal growth and fetal growth restriction (FGR) risk in term-born singletons. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Four hospital maternity units of the Tongji Maternal and Child Health Cohort study initiated from September 2013 to April 2016 at Wuhan City, in central China. Patient(s) A total of 3,065 mother–offspring pairs. Intervention(s) None. Main Outcome Measure(s) Fetal growth was evaluated by birth weight (BW) and birth length. Fetal growth restriction was defined as BW below the 10th percentile. Result(s) All MAlb levels were within the upper limit of normal. After adjustment for liver function parameters, inflammatory indicators, and others, a reverse U-shaped relationship between MAlb and fetal growth was observed. Specifically, BW increased significantly with an increasing MAlb level when the MAlb level was 36.1 g/L (per g/L: β = −15.1; 95% CI, −21.2, −8.9). There was a similar association between MAlb and birth length. Furthermore, the adjusted odd ratios of FGR across increasing tertiles of the MAlb levels were 1.0 (reference), 1.1 (0.7, 1.8), and 1.7 (1.0, 2.6). Conclusion(s) There was a reverse U-shaped association between MAlb and fetal growth. A higher MAlb level was associated with an increased risk of FGR. Clinical Trial Registration Number NCT03099837.

In this paper, we establish the structure model of multilayer Graphene (MLG)/Mg2Si/Si heterojunction photodetector (PD) based on the Technology CAD (TCAD). We further investigate the effect of Graphene layers on the photoelectric properties of MLG/Mg2Si/Si heterojunction PD. The simulation results indicate that compared with Mg2Si/Si PD, the photoelectric properties of MLG/Mg2Si/Si heterojunction PD are enhanced. The responsivity is increased from 0.51 A/W to 0.84 A/W, the external quantum efficiency (EQE) increased from 70.68% to 107.29%, and the noise equivalent power (NEP) reduced from 7.071011 WHz1/2 to 1.591011 WHz1/2. It is further shown that detectivity (D*) is increased from 1.41010 Jones to 6.31010 Jones, and the on/off ratio is increased from 141.45 to 629. After adding Graphene layers, the maximum improvement rates of the responsivity, EQE, NEP, D*, and on/off ratio of heterojunction PDs improved by 65%, 52%, 77.5%, 350%, and 345%, respectively. Moreover, it is seen that the energy band of MLG/Mg2Si/Si heterojunction PDs is shifted to the valence band, the reverse breakdown voltage and dark current are decreased. A strong electric field is formed at the interface between MLG and Mg2Si, which is beneficial to the separation of photogenic carriers.

Introduction: Immunosuppressive therapy for uveitis may cause liver damage. Methods: To investigate incidence of liver damage during uveitis treatment, we compared serological Hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) status with risk of liver dysfunction in all participants (n = 992), in anterior uveitis (AU) (n = 489), and combined of intermediate, posterior, or panuveitis (IPPU) patients (n = 503). The primary endpoint was incidence of elevated serum alanine aminotransferase level above 2-fold upper limits of normal within 6 months. Results: The incidence rate of primary endpoint for HBcAb-negative and HBcAb-positive patients was 65 and 212 per 1,000 person years, respectively. The absolute rate difference was 147 (95% confidence interval [CI], 80–213) per 1,000 person years. HBcAb positivity was associated with a higher risk for primary endpoint in all participants (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 3.53; 95% CI, 1.79–6.99; p value = 2.8 × 10−4) and in IPPU (aHR, 3.80; 95% CI, 1.61–9.01; p value = 0.002). No significant association with primary endpoint was observed for HBcAb positivity in AU (aHR, 3.21; 95% CI, 0.94–10.95; p value = 0.063). AU was mainly treated with topical eye drops (74.0%), whereas IPPU cases received systemic therapy including prednisone (94.0%), cyclosporine (80.9%), or other additionally combined immunomodulatory agents (14.9%). Conclusion: Noninfectious uveitis cases with HBcAb positivity have an increased risk of liver damage. This association was predominantly driven by IPPU but was not significant in AU, suggesting that the association is mediated by systemic therapy.

Purpose The role of vacuolar protein sorting 34 (Vps34), an indispensable protein required for cell vesicular trafficking, in the biological behavior of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has yet to be studied.Materials and Methods In the present study, the expression of Vps34 in HCC and the effect of Vps34 on HCC cell invasion was detected both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, by modulating the RILP and Rab11, which regulate juxtanuclear lysosome aggregation and recycling endosome respectively, the underlying mechanism was investigated.Results Vps34 was significantly decreased in HCC and negatively correlated with the HCC invasiveness both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, Vps34 could promote lysosomal juxtanuclear accumulation, reduce the invasive ability of HCC cells via the Rab7-RILP pathway. In addition, the deficiency of Vps34 in HCC cells affected the endosome-lysosome system, resulting in enhanced Rab11 mediated endocytic recycling of cell surface receptor and increased invasion of HCC cells.Conclusion Our study reveals that Vps34 acts as an invasion suppressor in HCC cells, and more importantly, the endosome-lysosome trafficking regulated by Vps34 has the potential to become a target pathway in HCC treatment.

PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of overdenture (OD) attachment type and the number of implants supporting mandibular ODs on peri-implant health. STUDY SELECTION From inception to October 2020, electronic databases (Medline/PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Scopus) were systematically searched. The outcomes of interest were marginal bone loss (MBL), pocket probing depth (PPD), plaque index, bleeding index, and implant survival rate. Bayesian network meta-analysis was performed using the GeMTC package supported by R. The weighted mean difference and 95% credible interval were estimated. RESULTS Twenty-eight studies with a total of 1166 participants who received 2666 dental implants were included. Except for 4 bar and 4 telescopic, which showed a statistically lower MBL than the 2 locator, all other interventions showed insignificant differences in MBL (P > 0.05). The difference in periodontal probing depth was not statistically significant when comparing the different groups. The pooled implant survival rates of the different interventions ranged from 88.9% to 100%. The rank probability test showed that 4 bar and 4 telescopic had the lowest MBL, 2 magnet and 2 bar had the highest PI, whereas 4 locator showed the least PPD. CONCLUSIONS Except for 4 implants+bar, or telescopic, and 4 locator that, respectively, showed less MBL and PPD compared to some interventions, it seemed that different attachment types and number of implants supporting mandibular ODs have no clear superiority over the other in terms of peri-implant health outcomes.

Different face regions have different contributions to recognition. Especially in the wild environment, the difference of contributions will be further amplified due to a lot of interference. Based on this, this paper proposes an attention-aware face recognition method based on a deep convolutional neural network and reinforcement learning. The proposed method composes of an Attention-Net and a Feature-net. The Attention-Net is used to select patches in the input face image according to the facial landmarks and trained with reinforcement learning to maximize the recognition accuracy. The Feature-net is used for extracting discriminative embedding features. In addition, a regularization method has also been introduced. The mask of the input layer is also applied to the intermediate feature maps, which is an approximation to train a series of models for different face patches and provide a combined model. Our method achieves satisfactory recognition performance on its application to the public prevailing face verification database.

Antimony selenide (Sb2Se3) is a promising light absorber material for solar cells because of its superior photovoltaic properties. However, the current performance of the Sb2Se3 solar cell is much lower than its theoretical value (∼32%) due to its low open-circuit voltage (VOC). In this paper, we have demonstrated inorganic vanadium oxides (VOx) as a hole transport layer (HTL) for Sb2Se3 solar cells to enhance efficiency through the VOC improvement. Here, a solution-processed VOx through the decomposition of the triisopropoxyvanadium (V) oxide is deposited on the Sb2Se3 absorber layer prepared by close-spaced sublimation (CSS). With VOx HTL, the built-in voltage (Vbi) is significantly increased, leading to improved VOC for the Sb2Se3 solar cell devices. As a result, the efficiency of the device increases from an average efficiency of 5.5% to 6.3% with the VOx.

Remote sensing images often contain many similar components, such as buildings, roads, and water surfaces, which have similar spectra and spatial structures. Although convolutional neural networks (CNNs) based on residual learning can provide excellent performance in pansharpening, the existing methods do not make full use of intrinsically similar information in images. Moreover, since the convolution operation is focused on the local region, even in a deep network, position-independent global information is difficult to obtain. In this article, an efficient nonlocal attention residual network (NLRNet) is proposed to capture the similar contextual dependencies of all pixels. Specifically, to reduce the difficulty of network training caused by the original nonlocal attention, we propose an efficient nonlocal attention (ENLA) mechanism and employ residual with zero initialization (ReZero) technology to make the signal easy to spread through the network. Furthermore, a spectral aggregation module (SpecAM) is proposed to generate fused images and adjust the corresponding spectral information. The experimental results for the QuickBird and WorldView3 data sets show that the proposed method is competitive with other advanced methods based on quality assessment and visual perception.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic inflammatory gastrointestinal diseases characterized by dysregulation of the intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) and intermittent relapses. Recent data show that the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) promotes IEB function and wound healing. Apart from protective effects of GDNF on enteric nervous system and IEB, an immunomodulatory role has been assumed. However, it is inconsistent whether GDNF levels are increased or decreased in the inflamed colon of patients with IBD. Furthermore, GDNF is 1 of 3 protein markers associated with relapse in a prospective cohort study in IBD patients with clinically and endoscopically quiescent disease. Additionally, not only enteric glial cells (EGCs), but also intestinal smooth muscle cells and enterocytes synthesize GDNF in significant amounts; in addition, its receptors are expressed in intestinal neurons, EGCs, immune cells and epithelial cells, which points to a potential auto- or paracrine signaling loop between some of these cells. Whether GDNF is involved in IBD-associated fibrosis and colitis-associated colorectal cancer remains to be confirmed. In this review we aim to summarize and discuss the current knowledge on the effects of GDNF and its potential role in the contribution to the pathogenesis of IBD.

Objective Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis (OA) is a type of TMJ disorders with clinical symptoms of pain, movement limitation, cartilage degeneration and joint dysfunction. This review article is aiming to summarize recent findings on signaling pathways involved in TMJ OA development and progression. Methods Most recent findings in TMJ OA studies have been reviewed and cited. Results TMJ OA is caused by inflammation, abnormal mechanical loading and genetic abnormalities. The molecular mechanisms related to TMJ OA have been determined using different genetic mouse models. Recent studies demonstrated that several signaling pathways are involved in TMJ OA pathology, including Wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β and BMP, Indian Hedgehog, FGF, NF-κB, and Notch pathways, which are summarized in this review article. Alterations of these signaling pathways lead to the pathological changes in TMJ tissues, affecting cartilage matrix degradation, catabolic metabolism and chondrocyte apoptosis. Conclusion Multiple signaling pathways were involved in the pathological process of TMJ OA. New therapeutic strategies, such as stem cell application, gene editing and other techniques may be utilized for TMJ OA treatment. The translational potential of this article TMJ OA is a most important subtype of TMJ disorders and may lead to substantial joint pain, dysfunction, dental malocclusion, and reduced health-related quality of life. This review article summarized current findings of signaling pathways involved in TMJ OA, including Wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β and BMP, Indian Hedgehog, FGF, NF-κB, and Notch pathways, to better understand the pathological mechanisms of TMJ OA and define the molecular targets for TMJ OA treatment.

The demand for the development of clean and efficient energy is becoming more and more pressing due to depleting fossil fuels and environmental concerns. Hydrogen is a high energy density with sanitary combustion products. However, the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) becomes the critical process in water decomposition reaction due to the slow kinetics of OER limits the electrochemical water splitting. In recent years, among many electrocatalysts, transition metal oxides have received extensive attention due to their inexpensive, remarkable activity and stability. Among them, Co3O4-based materials have become one of the best candidates for electrocatalysts dedicated to the oxidation of water to oxygen due to their excellent catalytic performance. The recent progress of Co3O4-based materials in the OER is summarized in detail, involving pure Co3O4, doped Co3O4 and Co3O4-based compound composites. Moreover, this review discusses the influence of strategies on the performance of electrocatalysts, such as morphological engineering, interface engineering, synthesis method and doping. At the end of this review, the obstacles and feasible opinions of Co3O4-based materials in OER are put forward, and their future research prospects are also discussed. This review can provide a valuable reference to the research and exploitation of related transition metal oxide catalysts.

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of Compound Huangdai Tablets (Realgar-Indigo Naturalis formula, RIF) combined with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) to treat acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Methods This study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42018108118). The relevant literatures on RIF treatment of APL were systematically searched in the following databases: China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, VIP Medical Information System, Chinese Biomedical Database, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and PubMed. The quality of the included studies was evaluated and Review Manager 5.3 software and Stata 13.0 software were used to perform the Meta-analysis. In addition, this study used the method of network pharmacology to conduct a preliminary exploration of the mechanism of RIF on APL. Results The study included 12 studies involving 775 APL patients. The Meta-analysis showed that there was no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05) between the RIF group and the arsenic trioxide (ATO) group for primary outcomes, secondary outcomes apart from liver dysfunction. The incidence of liver dysfunction (P = 0.006) in the RIF group were significantly lower than those in the ATO group. In addition, the cost of maintenance therapy in the RIF group was significantly lower (P ＜ 0.05) than the ATO group. Besides, the active ingredients in RIF mainly act on targets proteins such as ACHE, NCOA2, RXRA, and then play a role in the treatment of APL through regulating multiple molecular mechanisms, such as TP53 regulates transcription of cell cycle genes, nuclear receptor transcription pathway. Conclusion There was no significant difference in efficacy of oral RIF combined with ATRA compared with intravenous ATO combined with ATRA for the treatment of APL. The oral RIF exposed patients to less risk, offered more convenience and had lower prices. RIF can treat APL by multi-target and multi-pathway interventions that inducing apoptosis of APL cells and inhibiting the proliferation of APL cells, and so on. Therefore, oral RIF in the treatment of APL is worthy of further research and development.

Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) wax is a mixture of linear hydrocarbons with carbon number from C7 to C70+. Converting FTS wax into high-quality diesel (no sulfur and nitrogen contents) by hydrocracking technology is attractive in economy and practicability. Kinetic study of the hydrocracking of FTS wax in elementary step level is very challenging because of the huge amounts of reactions and species involved. Generation of reaction networks for hydrocracking of FTS wax in which the chain length goes up to C70 is described on the basis of Boolean adjacency matrixes. Each of the species (including paraffins, olefins and carbenium ions) involved in the elementary steps is represented digitally by using a (N+3)×N matrix, in which a group of standardized numbering rules are designed to guarantee the unique identity of the species. Subsequently, the elementary steps are expressed by computer-aided matrix transformations in terms of proposed reaction rules. Dynamic memory allocation is used in species storage and a characteristic vector with nine elements is designed to store the key information of a (N+3)×N matrix, which obviously reduces computer memory consumption and improves computing efficiency. The detailed reaction networks of FTS wax hydrocracking can be generated smoothly and accurately by the current method. The work is the basis of advanced elementary-step-level kinetic modeling.

With the continuous development of deep neural networks in the visual field, their application to panchromatic sharpening has received increasing attention from researchers; however, the existing panchromatic sharpening methods generally lack the ability to combine knowledge of the panchromatic sharpening field for feature extraction with neural networks, which have certain limitations in feature extraction and the discovery of new features. This article proposes a simple, modular, multibranched feature extraction and reuses network architecture designed not only to support feature reuse but to learn well-expressed new features for use in panchromatic sharpening approaches. In addition, we fused field knowledge of panchromatic sharpening to extract spatial structure information of panchromatic maps through gradient calculators and design structural and spectral compensation to fully extract and preserve the spatial structural and spectral information of images. We conducted experiments on the QuickBird and WorldView-3 satellite data sets, and the experimental results reveal that our proposed method has advantages over the best methods currently available, achieving excellent results not only on objective evaluation metrics, such as full-reference and no-reference metrics, but also on subjective visual evaluation.

Graphical abstract, Highlights • Facile antigen/adjuvant co-loaded nanovaccine made by convenient green preparation. • The immunological activity of the antigen and adjuvant was maximally preserved. • The minimalist nanovaccine had excellent stability and antitumor immune activation. • Nanovaccine combined with PD-1 antibody synergistically enhanced therapy outcome. • Good practicability for expanding clinical translation and personalized therapy., Introduction Tumor vaccine has been a research boom for cancer immunotherapy, while its therapeutic outcome is severely depressed by the vulnerable in vivo delivery efficiency. Moreover, tumor immune escape is also another intractable issue, which has badly whittled down the therapeutic efficiency. Objectives Our study aims to solve the above dilemmas by cooperating minimalist nanovaccine with PD-1 blockade for effective and feasible cancer immunotherapy. Methods The minimalist antigen and adjuvant co-delivery nanovaccine was developed by employing natural polycationic protamine (PRT) to carry the electronegative ovalbumin (OVA) antigen and unmethylated Cytosine-phosphorothioate-Guanine (CpG) adjuvant via convenient chemical bench-free “green” preparation without chemical-synthesis and no organic solvent was required, which could preserve the immunological activities of the antigens and adjuvants. On that basis, PD-1 antibody (aPD-1) was utilized to block the tumor immune escape and cooperate with the nanovaccine by maintaining the tumoricidal-activity of the vaccine-induced T cells. Results Benefited from the polycationic PRT, the facile PRT/CpG/OVA nanovaccine displayed satisfactory delivery performance, involving enhanced cellular uptake in dendritic cells (DCs), realizable endosomal escape and promoted stimulation for DCs’ maturation. These features would be helpful for the antitumor immunotherapeutic efficiency of the nanovaccine. Furthermore, the cooperation of the nanovaccine with aPD-1 synergistically improved the immunotherapy outcome, profiting by the cooperation of the “T cell induction” competency of the nanovaccine and the “T cell maintenance” function of the aPD-1. Conclusion This study will provide new concepts for the design and construction of facile nanovaccines, and contribute valuable scientific basis for cancer immunotherapy.

Rivaroxaban is an oral anticoagulant that inhibits thrombin and blocks coagulation cascade through directly inactivating factors Xa. Despite rivaroxaban is widely used for prevention and treatment of venous thrombosis, and its common adverse reactions have been reported, including abnormal coagulation, mucosal hemorrhage, hematuria, and intracranial hemorrhage. To explore potential drivers of individual differences in adverse reactions induced by rivaroxaban, we performed whole-exome sequencing and found that AKR7A3 rs1738023/rs1738025 and ABCA6 rs7212506 are susceptible sites for rivaroxaban-related bleeding in aged patients treated with rivaroxaban. Gene functional annotation and signaling pathway enrichment indicated that homozygous mutations in AKR7A3 and ABCA6 might alter normal rivaroxaban transport and metabolism, and lead to continuous accumulation of activated drugs and toxic substances in vivo. Our results suggested that interindividual differences in bleeding events induced by rivaroxaban may be potentially driven by genetic alterations related to abnormal metabolism and transport of rivaroxaban.

OBJECTIVES Hypertension is one of the major adverse effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting vascular endothelial growth factors. However, the mechanism underlying TKIs-induced hypertension remains unclear. Here, we explored the role of the RhoA/Rho kinase (ROCK) signaling pathway in elevation of blood pressure (BP) induced by apatinib, a selective TKI approved in China for treatment of advanced or metastatic gastric cancer. A nonspecific ROCK inhibitor, Y27632, was then combined with apatinib and its efficacy in alleviating apatinib-induced hypertension was evaluated. METHODS Normotensive female Wistar-Kyoto rats were exposed to two different doses of apatinib, or apatinib combined with Y27632, or vehicle for 2 weeks. BP was monitored by a tail-cuff plethysmography system. The mRNA levels and protein expression in the RhoA/ROCK pathway were determined, and vascular remodeling assessed. RESULTS Administration of either a high or low dose of apatinib was associated with a rapid rise in BP, reaching a plateau after 12 days. Apatinib treatment mediated upregulation of RhoA and ROCK II in the mid-aorta, more significant in the high-dose group. However, ROCK I expression showed no statistically significant differences. Furthermore, the mRNA level of GRAF3 decreased dose-dependently. Apatinib administration was also associated with decreased levels of MLCP, and elevated endothelin-1 (ET-1) and collagen I, which were accompanied with increased mid-aortic media. However, treatment with Y27632 attenuated the above changes. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that activation of the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway could be the underlying mechanism of apatinib-induced hypertension, while ROCK inhibitor have potential therapeutic value.

Although perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have made revolutionary progress in terms of power conversion efficiency (PCE), to achieve long-term stability and low-cost device manufacturing for commercialization of the devices, selection of proper hole transport layer (HTL) and affordable back contact are still crucial to realize the upscale manufacturing. However, the carbon-based perovskite still faces great challenges to further improve the device performance due to the low quality of the carbon/perovskite interface. Inorganic NiOx is a superior HTL candidate due to its favorable energy band alignment, superior chemical stability, high hole mobility, and low-cost manufacturing. To address the poor interface quality of the carbon-based PSCs, we report electrospun NiOx fibers as an effective HTL, resulting in highly efficient device performance of PCEs up to 13.73% when deployed in our carbon-based PSCs. NiOx has been introduced as an interfacial layer between the perovskite and the carbon counter electrode to study its impact on interfacial modification and device performance.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as critical regulators of gene expression and play fundamental roles in immune regulation. Growing evidence suggests that immune-related genes and lncRNAs can serve as markers to predict the prognosis of patients with cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to contract an immune-related lncRNA (IR-lncRNA) signature for prospective assessment to predict early recurrence of HCC. A total of 319 HCC samples under radical resection were randomly divided into a training cohort (161 samples) and a testing cohort (158 samples). In the training dataset, univariate, lasso, and multivariate Cox regression analyses identified a 9-IR-lncRNA signature closely related to disease-free survival. Kaplan-Meier analysis, principal component analysis, gene set enrichment analysis, and nomogram were used to evaluate the risk model. The results were further confirmed in the testing cohort. Furthermore, we constructed a competitive endogenous RNA regulatory network. The results of the present study indicated that this 9-IR-lncRNA signature has important clinical implications for improving predictive outcomes and guiding individualized treatment in HCC patients. These IR-lncRNAs and regulated genes may be potential biomarkers associated with the prognosis of HCC., Graphical abstract, In this paper, we applied multiple bioinformatics methods and constructed a 9-immune-related long noncoding RNA (IR-lncRNA) signature closely related to HCC recurrence. We further constructed an IR-lncRNA-associated competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network based on multiple microRNA (miRNA) target databases. The hub genes in the ceRNA network may act as potential biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets for HCC.

We formulate and analyze a new financial chaotic model in fractional stochastic differential equation in Atangana-Baleanu operator. The model is constructed initially in integer case and then the application of fractional and stochastic approach are used for the model generalization. We study with care some of the mathematical results for the model in integer case by identifying the suitable values of parameters and initial values for the state variables for which the model behaves chaotic. Further, using the concept of stochastic differential equation, the model is further extended to the stochastic fractional differential equations. The equilibriums possibly the model posses are shown and analyzed. Lyapanove exponent are investigated for the model. We give a new method that is introduced recently in literature to find the model solution numerically for the case of fractional stochastic differential equation. We obtained many interesting graphical results for the model by considering different scenarios.

Background The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) suddenly broke out in China in December 2019. Pandemic-related behavioral changes can cause perioperative respiratory adverse events in children with congenital heart disease (CHD). Here, we compared the incidence of perioperative respiratory adverse events (PRAEs) in CHD children with and without upper respiratory infection (URI) undergoing the cardiac catheterization before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This prospective observational single-center study was based at a tertiary care center in Shanghai, China. A total of 359 children with CHD with and without recent URI were included between January 2019 and March 2021. The overall incidence of PRAEs (laryngospasm, bronchospasm, coughing, airway secretion, airway obstruction, and oxygen desaturation) in non-URI and URI children undergoing elective cardiac catheterization was compared before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. A logistic regression model was fitted to identify the potential risk factors associated with PRAEs. Results Of the 564 children enrolled, 359 completed the study and were finally analyzed. The incidence of URIs decreased substantially during the COVID-19 pandemic (14% vs. 41%, P vs. 42.3%, P = 0.001 for non-URI and 29.2% vs. 58.7%, P = 0.012 for URI, respectively). Post-operative agitation in children without URI occurred less frequently during the pandemic than before (2.3% vs. 16.2%, P = 0.001). Behaviors before the COVID-19 pandemic (odds ratio = 2.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.76–4.58) and recent URI (odds ratio = 1.79, 95% CI 1.09–2.92) were associated with PRAEs. Conclusions COVID-19 pandemic-related behavioral changes were associated with a reduction in PRAEs in non-URI and URI children undergoing elective therapeutic cardiac catheterization.

Yujie Wu,1 Yong Zhao,2 Guangyan Lin,3 Manoj Sharma,4 Yan Wang,1 Liping Chen,1 Liping Wu1 1Department of Nursing, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China; 2School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Outpatient Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China; 4Environmental & Occupational Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USACorrespondence: Liping WuDepartment of Nursing, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 13883994594Email wulp312@163.comPurpose: The present study investigated the pain management of wound dressing change in outpatient children in western China, and the results may provide a reference to improve the pain management of wound dressing change.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was performed to investigate the pain management of wound dressing change in outpatient children in western China. A total of 47 hospitals were selected via convenience sampling, and the pain management organization systems, concrete measures and barriers to adequate pain management of these hospitals were investigated.Results: More than 70% of these hospitals had established pain management systems, analgesic drug management norms and wound care teams. Nurses were the primary providers for wound dressing change in 48.94% of the hospitals. The assessment, documentation or health education of the pain was not standard in 46.81% of the hospitals. Drug and non-drug analgesia measures were used in most hospitals, however, children did not receive adequate analgesia in 70% of the hospitals. Ibuprofen (30.49%) and lidocaine (29.27%) were commonly used analgesic drugs, and distraction (43.01%) was commonly used as a non-drug analgesia measure. The top three barriers to adequate pain management were medical staff lacking analgesic knowledge (82.98%), family members refusing to use analgesics (61.70%) and low compliance of children (55.32%).Conclusion: The concrete measures for the management of wound dressing pain in children are not standardized, and the analgesic effect is poor. In order to improve the pain management of children, Standardized procedures for pain management (pain assessment, analgesia measures, pain documentation and health education) should be strictly followed during wound dressing change, and the identified barriers should be addressed.Keywords: pain management, wound care, children

Background Peripheral T cell lymphoma (PTCL) is a rare disease and recent approved drugs for relapsed/refractory (r/r) PTCL provided limited clinical benefit. We conducted this study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of geptanolimab (GB226), an anti-PD-1 antibody, in r/r PTCL patients. Methods We did this single-arm, multicenter phase 2 study across 41 sites in China. Eligible patients with r/r PTCL received geptanolimab 3 mg/kg intravenously every 2 weeks until disease progression or intolerable toxicity. All patients who received at least one dose of geptanolimab and histological confirmed PTCL entered full analysis set (FAS). The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) in FAS assessed by the independent radiological review committee (IRRC) per Lugano 2014 criteria. Results Between July 12, 2018, and August 15, 2019, 102 patients were enrolled and received at least one dose of geptanolimab. At the data cutoff date (August 15, 2020), the median follow-up was 4.06 (range 0.30–22.9) months. For 89 patients in FAS, 36 achieved objective response (40.4%, 95% CI 30.2–51.4), of which 13 (14.6%) were complete response and 23 (25.8%) had partial response assessed by IRRC. The median duration of response (DOR) was 11.4 (95% CI 4.8 to not reached) months per IRRC. Patients with PD-L1 expression ≥ 50% derived more benefit from geptanolimab treatment compared to p = 0.013; median PFS 6.2 vs. 1.5 months, p = 0.002). Grade ≥ 3 treatment-related adverse events occurred in 26 (25.5%) patients, and the most commonly observed were lymphocyte count decreased (n = 4) and platelet count decreased (n = 3). Serious adverse events were observed in 45 (44.1%) patients and 19 (18.6%) were treatment related. Conclusions In this study, geptanolimab showed promising activity and manageable safety profile in patients with r/r PTCL. Anti-PD-1 antibody could be a new treatment approach for this patient population. Trial registration: This clinical trial was registered at the ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03502629) on April 18, 2018.

Systemic inflammatory responses are associated with the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer. However, the value in predicting tumor responses to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) remains to be elucidated. The current study aimed to investigate the association between systemic inflammatory indices and pathological complete response (pCR). The training and validation cohorts included 225 and 96 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. The neutrophil‑to‑lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet‑to‑lymphocyte ratio were recorded prior to nCRT and radical surgery. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to investigate the association between systemic inflammatory indices and pCR. Systemic inflammatory indices prior to or following treatment had no significant association with pCR; however, the percentage change in NLR from pre‑nCRT to post‑nCRT was associated with a poor response, and a percentage change of >21.5% NLR (P=0.006; OR=0.413; 95% CI=0.22‑0.773) was a predictor of poor pCR. Therefore, in rectal cancer, the percentage change in NLR from pre‑ to post‑nCRT was found to be a predictor of poor pCR. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

BACKGROUND: Among patients with stable coronary disease and moderate or severe ischemia, whether clinical outcomes are better in those who receive an invasive intervention plus medical therapy than in those who receive medical therapy alone is uncertain. METHODS: We randomly assigned 5179 patients with moderate or severe ischemia to an initial invasive strategy (angiography and revascularization when feasible) and medical therapy or to an initial conservative strategy of medical therapy alone and angiography if medical therapy failed. The primary outcome was a composite of death from cardiovascular causes, myocardial infarction, or hospitalization for unstable angina, heart failure, or resuscitated cardiac arrest. A key secondary outcome was death from cardiovascular causes or myocardial infarction. RESULTS: Over a median of 3.2 years, 318 primary outcome events occurred in the invasive-strategy group and 352 occurred in the conservative-strategy group. At 6 months, the cumulative event rate was 5.3% in the invasive-strategy group and 3.4% in the conservative-strategy group (difference, 1.9 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8 to 3.0); at 5 years, the cumulative event rate was 16.4% and 18.2%, respectively (difference, -1.8 percentage points; 95% CI, -4.7 to 1.0). Results were similar with respect to the key secondary outcome. The incidence of the primary outcome was sensitive to the definition of myocardial infarction; a secondary analysis yielded more procedural myocardial infarctions of uncertain clinical importance. There were 145 deaths in the invasive-strategy group and 144 deaths in the conservative-strategy group (hazard ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.32). CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with stable coronary disease and moderate or severe ischemia, we did not find evidence that an initial invasive strategy, as compared with an initial conservative strategy, reduced the risk of ischemic cardiovascular events or death from any cause over a median of 3.2 years. The trial findings were sensitive to the definition of myocardial infarction that was used. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and others; ISCHEMIA ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01471522.).

Objective. This work aimed to study the posture judgment method of 3D image analysis of potential motion damage. Methods. The motion damage collection was implemented by the 3D image analysis method, and 3D image data were adopted to identify the motion damage data. Moreover, 3D image acquisition technology was adopted to analyze the model of potential motion damage and analyze the simulation judgment result of potential motion damage. Specifically, it included simulation parameters, motion damage posture collection effect, damage detection speed at the collection point, damage accuracy, and damage degree. Results. (1) The analysis of the damage monitoring speed at multiple collection points of the athletes in the sports environment confirmed that the range of changes in different time periods was different, and the changes showed a fast to slow to fast trend. (2) The 3D image analysis had high accuracy in analyzing the posture of potential motion damage, which rationalized the evolution of injuries. (3) The degree of motion damage under a 3D image changed from rising to gradual, which was in line with the theoretical results (all p

Objective Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) assays are high-affinity autoantibody (Ab) tests that are more specific than Abs detected by traditional radiobinding assays (RBA) for risk screening and prediction of progression to type 1 diabetes. We sought to characterize the association of high-risk human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotypes and genotypes with ECL positivity and levels in relatives of individuals with type 1 diabetes. Methods We analyzed 602 participants from the TrialNet Pathway to Prevention Study who were positive for at least 1 RBA diabetes-related Ab [glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies (GADA) or insulin autoantibodies (IAA)] and for whom ECL and HLA data were available. ECL and RBA Ab levels were converted to SD units away from mean (z-scores) for analyses. Results Mean age at initial visit was 19.4 ± 13.7 years; 344 (57.1%) were female and 104 (17.3%) carried the high-risk HLA-DR3/4*0302 genotype. At initial visit 424/602 (70.4%) participants were positive for either ECL-GADA or ECL-IAA, and 178/602 (29.6%) were ECL negative. ECL and RBA-GADA positivity were associated with both HLA-DR3 and DR4 haplotypes (all Ps < 0.05), while ECL and RBA-GADA z-score titers were higher in participants with HLA-DR3 haplotypes only (both Ps < 0.001). ECL-IAA (but not RBA-IAA) positivity was associated with the HLA-DR4 haplotype (P < 0.05). Conclusions ECL-GADA positivity is associated with the HLA-DR3 and HLA-DR4 haplotypes and levels are associated with the HLA-DR3 haplotype. ECL-IAA positivity is associated with HLA-DR4 haplotype. These studies further contribute to the understanding of genetic risk and islet autoimmunity endotypes in type 1 diabetes.

Patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) often experience unique immune-related adverse events (irAEs), and the previous studies demonstrated an association between irAEs and better outcomes in patients with ICI treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the correlation between the occurrence of mild and severe irAEs and prognosis remains unclear. Additionally, little is known regarding the association between the timing of mild and severe irAEs and clinical outcomes. We retrospectively conducted a multicenter study of advanced NSCLC patients treated with ICI monotherapy. Of the 222 patients, 79 patients (35.6%) experienced at least one irAE, and most were of grade 1 or 2 (mild) (26.6%). The most common irAEs were pneumonitis (n = 21, 9.5%) and skin-related adverse reactions (n = 19, 8.6%). The median progression-free survival of all patients treated with ICIs was 3.2 months. Patients experiencing irAEs had a better prognosis than those without such events (6.5 vs. 2.6 months, p = 0.004), and mild irAEs were associated with the best prognosis. The difference in overall survival between mild and severe irAEs was significant (34.3 vs. 17.3 months, p = 0.021). We further analyzed differences between patients with irAEs occurring at 3 or 6 weeks, and found that the earlier the occurrence of mild irAEs, the better the prognosis; however, the opposite was true for severe irAEs. In summary, patients with early occurring mild irAEs showed better clinical outcomes, whereas those with early severe irAEs tended to show poorer clinical outcomes.

Jointed network simulations tend to be more random in nature due to the uncertainty of rock mass structures. In this paper, a series of jointed network models can be established in batches using Monte Carlo simulation (MSC) and loop iteration. Taking the joints, tunnel profile and their intersections as the edges E and vertices V of graph G, the jointed network model can serve as an unweighted undigraph. Then, the breadth-first search is introduced to search the closed paths around the tunnel profile, such as the potential key blocks. With batch simulation of network models, the spatial distribution characteristics and probability distribution rules of blocks can be automatically analysed during the search process. For comparison, the Laohushan tunnel of the Jinan Belt Expressway in China has been analysed using the breadth-first search, discontinuous deformation analysis method and procedure of “Finding the Key Blocks-Unrolled Tunnel Joint Trace Maps”. Each simulation starts from the same probabilistic model of geometrical parameters of joints but develops differently with different outcomes. The spatial distribution rule of potential key blocks simulated by the aforementioned batch jointed network models is essentially identical to the actual rockfall during tunnel excavation.

In order to deal with the problems of low detection accuracy and efficiency existing in traditional detection methods of body behavior characteristics in sports training, this paper proposes a new detection method of body behavior characteristics in sports training based on the grey correlation model. According to this method, the foreground binary image is obtained by the interframe difference method, and the action information and contour information are extracted, firstly. And then, the behavior feature descriptor is obtained. After the description of body behavior characteristics in sports training is completed, the grey correlation coefficient is calculated, and the complete observation equation of time delay estimation of image grey value under complex sports training background is established to complete the detection of body behavior characteristics. The experimental results show that, compared with the traditional methods, the detection accuracy and efficiency of the text method can always maintain a high level, indicating that the practical application performance of this method is strong. In fact, the grey analysis does not attempt to find the best solution but does provide techniques for determining a good solution.

The study is aimed at solving the problem of large measurement errors caused by the binocular camera in traditional 3D art design, which leads to inaccurate 3D information of the target. The contour information extraction in the process of human motion pose reconstruction is easily affected by the noise in the image. Therefore, a binocular stereo vision system is built first and it integrates image acquisition, camera calibration, and image processing. The dedistortion method is used to process the image because it can reduce errors. Second, a three-dimensional human motion pose reconstruction model is implemented, the Gaussian template is used to remove the noise in the image frame, and the change detection template (CDM) is used to solve the problem of background “exposure” and “occlusion.” Finally, simulation experiments are designed to verify the system and model designed. Since the research on the application of pose estimation based on visual sensing technology in art design is still blank, such research has great significance and provides a reference for the research in the field. The literature analysis is used to expound and analyze the application of pose estimation based on visual sensing technology in visual communication design and environmental art design: (1) although the binocular stereo vision system causes some errors in the measurement, the overall error is controlled within 2% and the accuracy is high, which proves that it can be applied to the acquisition of three-dimensional information of the target in art design; (2) there is a high degree of fitting between the video sequence data created by the three-dimensional human motion pose reconstruction model designed and the real motion data, which indicates that this method has high accuracy in processing image sequences and the feasibility of applying it to human pose reconstruction in three-dimensional art design is high; (3) through the analysis of the existing literature, it is found that most of the current visual-based attitude assessment studies are carried out by using network cameras combined with computers, and the quality of the obtained images is low. The combination of binocular stereo sensor and attitude estimation technology can be applied to the design of advertising, animation, games, and packaging, making the behavior of virtual characters in animation and games more vivid. The combination provides convenience for the collection of environmental spatial information and object attitude information, the formulation of a design scheme, and real-time monitoring of construction in environmental art design. The purpose of this study is to provide an important theoretical basis for the technical upgrading of art design.

PurposeThis study examined how the technological (tech) advantage and market advantage of new products influence the level of formal channel governance and, in turn, affect the success of new products in the presence of relational governance.Design/methodology/approachThe hypotheses are tested using the partial least squares approach to analyse survey data collected from 392 retailers of customer goods in China.FindingsThe results indicate that tech advantage and market advantage lead to an increase in retailers' transaction-specific investments (TSIs) and contract explicitness, respectively; the positive effect of market advantage on a retailer's TSIs will gradually decrease and will even become negative beyond a certain point. The relational governance mechanism can substitute for the effects of contract explicitness on improving new product success.Originality/valueThis research provides a new perspective for understanding new product advantage and exerts an initial effort to empirically distinguish between tech advantage and market advantage. It enriches the innovation literature by examining the governance of new product launches through retailers and explores the effects of formal and informal governance on channel cooperation performance in the new product launch stage.