Search

Aim. Supraventricular arrhythmias (SVA) are associated with high morbidity and mortality. However, little attention is paid to this condition in patients undergoing hemodialysis. The aim of this study was to analyze the long-term relationship of intradialytic SVA, including asymptomatic arrhythmias, with adverse events in a cohort of patients undergoing hemodialysis.Material and methods. An observational prospective study was conducted in a group of patients on hemodialysis with a 10-year follow-up. The study involved 77 patients (42 men and 35 women; mean age 58±15 years) with sinus rhythm, then they were monitored for ECG for six consecutive hemodialysis sessions during recruitment.Results. Arterial hypertension was present in 68.8% of patients, diabetes mellitus in 29.9% of patients. SVA were reported in 38 patients (49.3%); they all had a short-term, asymptomatic character and were terminated independently. Age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.04 per year; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00-1.08) and an increase of the atrium (HR 4.29; 95%CI 1.30-14.09) were associated with supraventricular arrhythmia in multidimensional analysis. During an average follow-up of 40 months, 57 patients died, and cardiovascular diseases were the main cause of death (52.6%). Variables associated with all-cause mortality in the Cox model were age (HR 1.04 per year; 95%CI 1.00-1.08), C-reactive protein (HR 1.04 per 1 mg/l; 95%CI 1.00-1.08) and supraventricular arrhythmias (HR 3.21; 95%CI 1.29-7.96). Patients with supraventricular arrhythmias also had a higher risk of nonfatal cardiovascular events (HR 4.32; 95%CI 2.11-8.83) and symptomatic atrial fibrillation during observation (HR 17.19; 95%CI 2.03-145.15).Conclusions. Strong relationships have been established between the presence of supraventricular arrhythmias recorded during ECG during dialysis and symptomatic AF developing in the future. Patients with supraventricular arrhythmias had a larger right atrium. Age and supraventricular arrhythmias are the main variables associated with mortality in dialysis patients.

Relevance. Supraventricular arrhythmias are frequent comorbid conditions in patients with end-stage renal failure undergoing dialysis. The prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in this group of patients is higher than in the general population and is associated with increased mortality. Aim. To analyze the effect of a dialysis session on echocardiographic parameters and to assess their relationship with the occurrence of supraventricular arrhythmias and AF during hemodialysis. Material and methods. The study included 78 patients on hemodialysis. All patients underwent Holter electrocardiography monitoring, taking into account the heart rate before and after dialysis, the number and duration of AF episodes associated with the dialysis session. Using echocardiography, which was performed before and after the dialysis procedure, all patients were also evaluated for the presence of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, impaired systolic and diastolic function, as well as LV myocardial mass, sizes of the left atrium, its volume, volume of the right atrium and LV ejection fraction. Results. An analysis of the differences in echocardiographic parameters before and after dialysis showed a significantly larger volume of the left atrium, the volume of the right atrium, the width of the inferior vena cava, and the parameter P(early transmitral velocity) before dialysis compared with the state after dialysis. Also, AF paroxysms were recorded much more frequently after dialysis. The volume of the left atrium 32 mm and the right atrium 30 mm (limit values) were observed much more often in patients before dialysis. A relationship was found between an increased number of paroxysms of atrial fibrillation and a decrease in the volume of the right atrium 5 mm and the left atrium 7 mm after dialysis. No correlation was found between the mass of the LV and the volume of the left atrium. Conclusions. 1. The age and duration of dialysis therapy in hemodialysis patients are associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation. 2. A decrease in the volumes of the right and left atriums after the hemodialysis procedure has a positive correlation with paroxysmal AF. 3. The hemodialysis procedure leads to a decrease in the volumes of the right and left atriums, as well as the width of the inferior vena cava and a decrease in the speed of movement of the mitral valve in early diastole. 4. No relationship was found between the volume of the left atrium and the mass of the LV myocardium in patients on hemodialysis.

Pressure fire hoses are one of the main types of fire-fighting equipment, on the serviceable condition of which depends the operational activities of fire and rescue units and successful firefighting. At present, Ukraine has entered into force with (01.08.2021) the national standard, which contains modern European requirements for assessing the quality of flat-hose fire hoses for fire and rescue vehicles. This standard was developed by the Institute of Public Administration and Research in Civil Defense in the framework of research work "Fire hoses – test methods" and adopted by order of SE "UkrNDNC" from 23.03.2021 № 107. In order to assist in solving this problem, the Institute of Public Administration and Research in Civil Defense put into operation, tested and verified the installation for testing fire pressure hoses, which will check the quality of pressure flat hose for fire and rescue vehicles in accordance with modern European requirements. The installation is intended for tests of pressure fire hoses carried out on the following quality indicators: working, test and burst pressure; abrasion resistance; resistance to hot objects; resistance to open flame. The unit is operated at air temperature from 10 ° С to 25 ° С and relative humidity from 15% to 90%. The installation is a metal table, which consists of two levels (upper and lower). The main part of the tests is to be performed at the upper level with the help of three removable modules. The lower level provides one stationary module on which tests for working, test and burst pressure are carried out. The upper level of the installation is designed to test pressure fire hoses for the following quality indicators: resistance to surface abrasion, resistance to point abrasion, resistance to hot objects and resistance to open flames. For versatility and convenience of work on installation on the top level of a table the possibility of change of modules depending on their need is provided. The lower level of the installation is intended for carrying out tests of pressure fire hoses on quality indicators – working and test pressure, bursting pressure. At the lower level of the metal table is a rectangular metal box, which has a closing lid. During the tests, the sample of the test sleeve is automatically filled with water, which drains after the test. To fix the samples of fire hoses of different diameters (25, 32, 38, 51, 66, 77, 100, 125 and 150) mm, the installation includes special cones and plates.

The role of factors of individual differences in user activity in the Russian social network VKontakte is analyzed. At the moment, in Russian psychology, there are several directions for the study of user activity in social networks. However, none of them has considered user sex and age differences. There are also limitations due to the predominance of subjective indicators in assessing user activity. The aim of this work is to study sex and age differences through the analysis of objective data on the profiles of social network users. The paper also provides an overview of modern Russian studies on sex and age differences in user activity. Using a comparative analysis of groups and analysis of the structure of relationships between indicators of user activity, the 9699 profiles of users of the social network VKontakte at the ages from 18 to 55 were examined. As a result, multiple individual differences were found in relation to the sex and age of the users. Additionally, the structure of user activity was obtained, consisting of two components: Self-presentation and Utilitarianism. These components characterize the personal orientation in the use of the social network. Sex and age play a significant role as factors of individual differences. The most important thing has turned out to be that men are more focused on expanding the circle of acquaintances, which is an attribute of status. Women, on the contrary, are generally characterized by greater activity in the social network, a greater desire to present themselves and a greater focus on other people. Young people - aged 18-25 years - are less active users, they often use the social network as a source of video content. Users belonging to the older age groups differ slightly from one another.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae takes the leading place in the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in children. The article presents the course of macrolide-resistant mycoplasmal pneumonia and modern treatment strategy based on the clinical observation of a school-age child. The authors describe the features of disease epidemiology, with the focus on the mechanisms of Mycoplasma pneumoniae resistance to macrolides. The article details the mechanisms of excessive immune response, as well as current world standards for the diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia.

The article is devoted to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) – the method for chronic heart failure treatment with biventricular pacing. The article examines the history of the method development from the first attempts to eliminate heart dyssynchrony to the present. Over the past 20 years, the method has been improved both in technical terms and in terms of the formation of modern indications for its application. Based on the results of randomized clinical trials to study the effectiveness of the method, the improvement of the testimony and criteria for the selection of patients for the CPT is shown. A clinical case of successful CRT in a patient with cardiomegaly, severe heart failure and complete left bundle brunch block is described.

—The problem of scattering on an ideally conducting infinite cylinder of a monopolar electromagnetic pulse, the electric field of which is parallel to the cylinder axis, is considered by the methods of a computational experiment. It is shown that, regardless of the ratio of the spatial pulse length to the cylinder diameter, the scattered field is monopolar.

Fluorescent probes have gained profound use in biotechnology, drug discovery, medical diagnostics, molecular and cell biology. The development of methods for the translation of fluorophores into fluorescent probes continues to be a robust field for medicinal chemists and chemical biologists, alike. Access to new experimental designs has enabled molecular diversification and led to the identification of new approaches to probe discovery. This review provides a synopsis of the recent lessons in modern fluorescent probe discovery.

Patients undergoing treatment in intensive care unit are in an extremely vulnerable state and require a complex multidisciplinary approach. Adequate sleep is required to maintain physiologic functions of the human body. Good sleep quality plays a vital role in the process of recovery. Sleep disruption in intensive care settings is a well-known fact. The consequences of sleep deprivation can cause numerous complications including delayed mechanical ventilation wean, neurocognitive dysfunction, decreased immune function and increased mortality rates. This review describes how the intensive care unit environment impacts sleep architecture.

Background Young adulthood is a period of increasing independence for the 40% of young adults enrolled in U.S. colleges. Previous research indicates differences in how students’ health behaviors develop and vary by gender, race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. George Mason University is a state institution that enrolls a highly diverse student population, making it an ideal setting to launch a longitudinal cohort study using multiple research methods to evaluate the effects of health behaviors on physical and psychological functioning, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results Mason: Health Starts Here was developed as a longitudinal cohort study of successive waves of first year students that aims to improve understanding of the natural history and determinants of young adults’ physical health, mental health, and their role in college completion. The study recruits first year students who are 18 to 24 years old and able to read and understand English. All incoming first year students are recruited through various methods to participate in a longitudinal cohort for 4 years. Data collection occurs in fall and spring semesters, with online surveys conducted in both semesters and in-person clinic visits conducted in the fall. Students receive physical examinations during clinic visits and provide biospecimens (blood and saliva). Conclusions The study will produce new knowledge to help understand the development of health-related behaviors during young adulthood. A long-term goal of the cohort study is to support the design of effective, low-cost interventions to encourage young adults’ consistent performance of healthful behaviors, improve their mental health, and improve academic performance.

Herpesvirus mamilit in cattle is a viral disease characterized by vesicular, erosive and necrotic lesions of the skin of the nipples and udder. Currently, there are two forms of this disease, PSLD (pseudo-lumpy skin disease) and BHM (bovine herpetic mamilit). The first report on the isolation of herpesvirus from cattle with dermatitis (strain Allerton) dates back to 1957, when in South Africa diseases were observed among cows with lumpy dermatitis with ulcerative damage to the skin of the udder nipples. Later, in the 60s of the last century, there were reports of cases of ulcerative mamilitis of viral etiology among cows in Bulgaria, Australia and in the countries of South Africa - Rwanda and Tanzania. In all cases of herpesvirus mamilitis, the causative agent of the disease was identified as herpesvirus of the 2nd serotype. The herpesvirus etiology of the disease was also laboratory confirmed in the Netherlands, Switzerland, Ireland, Germany and the Czech Republic. In Ukraine, the first report of herpesvirus mamilitis of cattle (ulcerative mamilitis of cows) appeared only in 2003, although diseases with similar clinical signs were known earlier. Infection of dairy cattle can significantly affect productivity (decrease by about 20 %), chronic mastitis arising from this disease leads to a decrease in the number of productive animals. Natural infection caused by BoHV-2 occurs mainly in heifers and first lactation cows. Calving can be a factor in the reactivation of the virus. The natural transmission mechanism of the BoHV-2 virus is not fully understood. Most people talk about mechanical transmission through milking machines, through attendants, through the bites of Stomoxys calcitrans flies. The intact nipple skin is resistant to the penetration of the virus, which proves once again that any nipple injury is preceded by an infection. Serological studies show that the virus is common in livestock throughout the world. According to clinical signs, it is rather difficult to differentiate this disease from other viral diseases (viral diarrhea, malignant catarrhal fever, parapoxviruses, infectious rhinotracheitis in cattle). The specialist literature describes the treatment of BoHV-2 disease in cows. The authors used Intacef for injection (Intas pharma, 3 g i / m), anistamine for injection (10 ml i / m), Melonex (10 ml i / m). Udder ulcers were treated with povidone-iodine ointment twice daily for 5 days. On the 5th day of treatment, the animals recovered. Vaccines for specific prevention of this disease have not been developed. Sick animals are separated (if possible) from the general herd and treated. Clinically affected animals are milked last. The udders and teats should be disinfected to reduce the spread of the virus. It is imperative to disinfect the milking machines and hands after each cow and after milking. The udder skin should be monitored to prevent mastitis. The widespread spread of this disease among productive animals, significant economic losses in the form of reduced milk yield and treatment costs, and the difficult differentiation of this disease from other viral diseases prompts veterinarians to pay special attention to this disease.

Improving IS (Information System) end-user experience is one of the most important tasks in the analysis of end-users behaviour, evaluation and identification of its improvement potential. However, the application of Machine Learning methods for the UX (User Experience) usability and effic iency improvement is not widely researched. In the context of the usability analysis, the information about behaviour of end-users could be used as an input, while in the output data the focus should be made on non-trivial or difficult attention-grabbing events and scenarios. The goal of this paper is to identify which data potentially can serve as an input for Machine Learning methods (and accordingly graph theory, transformation methods, etc.), to define dependency between these data and desired output, which can help to apply Machine Learning / graph algorithms to user activity records.

The aim of the study was to determine the frequency of occurrence and to assess the significance of markers of pneumocystosis in frequently ill children (FIC) during inpatient treatment and during rehabilitation in a sanatorium. Materials and methods of research: 115 children with recurrent respiratory diseases were observed: 52 were treated in a hospital and 63 underwent rehabilitation in a sanatorium. Biological samples (oropharyngeal swabs, saliva, feces and blood serum) were examined for pneumocystosis. Laboratory techniques used: a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect DNA pathogens, an indirect immunofluorescence reaction (NRIF) – antigens, and immunoforment analysis (IFA) – specific antibodies of immunoglobulins (Ig) of classes M (IgM) and G (IgG). The material for laboratory research was smears from the posterior pharyngeal wall (PCR, NRIF) and blood serum (IFA). Microbiological studies included seeding, isolation of cultures with quantitative counting of colony-forming units in samples of oropharyngeal swabs, feces. Determination of the functional activity of the oropharynx microbiocenosis by the concentration of short-chain fatty acids in saliva by means of GLC method. Phagocytic activity of blood neutrophils was also investigated. Results: in hospital patients, markers for pneumocystis were found in 60% of cases, including the active form (40%) and pneumocystis (13%); in the sanatorium – 33% of cases, with active infection (26%) and detection of pneumocystis (17%). Inpatients were diagnosed with clinical variants of pneumocystis infection: pneumonia, obstructive bronchitis, acute respiratory infections; schoolchildren have been diagnosed with active pneumocystis infection and carriage. Dysbiotic disorders of the loci of the oropharynx and intestines were identified in all examined subjects, inhibition of the phagocytic activity of blood neutrophils and shifts in the concentration of short-chain fatty acids have been observed. Conclusion: a high proportion of active pneumocystis infection (40% and 27% of cases) was revealed in FIC treated in the hospital and in the sanatorium, which represents a risk group for infection/reinfection with pneumocystosis in the premises.

Generation of coherent radiation in the IR and terahertz ranges during the propagation of a multi-terawatt laser pulse along a nanowire target is investigated. In the process of interaction, dense electron bunches are displaced from the target and accelerated in the laser field, generating intense electromagnetic radiation. Three regimes of interaction can be realised depending on the duration and shape of the laser pulse. In the first regime, when the laser pulse is long enough (tens and hundreds of femtoseconds), electrons are only partially forced out of the target. The characteristics of the low-frequency part of the spectrum of the generated radiation are determined in this case by the duration of the laser pulse, as well as by its amplitude and target parameters (geometric dimensions and concentration of electrons). In the second regime, the laser pulse has a large amplitude and a steep rising edge (the amplitude of the first half-wave is of the order of the maximum pulse amplitude); as a result, most of the electrons are displaced from the target already at the initial moment of interaction. In this regime, unipolar and bipolar pulses with a duration of tens of laser field periods can be formed. Changing the target length makes it possible to control the period of field oscillations and their number in the generated radiation. In the intermediate regime of short laser pulses with an insufficiently steep rising edge, oscillations of the formed electron bunches can occur in the macroscopic Coulomb attraction field of the charged target, which gives rise to radiation with a frequency several times lower than that of laser radiation. In this case, the pulses of the generated radiation contain a few cycles of the field with decreasing amplitude and increasing frequency. Using numerical simulation in three regimes of interaction, the characteristics of IR and terahertz radiation are found, in particular, the pulse shapes, ranges of generated frequencies, amplitudes and angular distributions of radiation are determined. It is shown that the amplitude of the generated pulse can reach subrelativistic and relativistic values (the field strength is more than 1 TV m−1 at a frequency ten times lower than the laser radiation frequency), and the energy conversion efficiency can be of the order of one percent.

The clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of the3 functional disorders of the digestive system in children were preparedby a Group of Experts, domestic leading specialists in the field of the pediatric gastroenterology, who generalized the foreign guidelines and domestic experience, suggesting the tactics for the pediatrician actions in the everyday practice. Part 3 of the Guidelinesdiscusses the billiard tract dysfunctions and functional constipations. There are no biliary tract dysfunctions in the Pediatric Sectionsof Rome Consensus IV; however, the Russian pediatric school of thought has always considered them as important in terms of oneof the causes for abdominal pain in children. This attitude was supported by the experts, and it is maintained in these Guidelines.The functional constipations are common in the children of different ages, and they present not only a medical problem, but alsoa serious social one for both children and their parents. That is why the considerable attention has been paid to this pathology considering the psychosocial aspects of the correction.

This paper analyses the history of Sci-Hub service requests for two food industry journals Nature Food and npj Science of Food for the period from 1.01.2020 to 29.06.2020. Trends in the development of the food industry and the most popular papers are discussed. Ten of the most popular papers from the journals Nature and Science according to Sci-Hub are presented to compare the popularity of papers related to the food industry and papers from other fields. Based on the analysis of the obtained data we made a conclusion that the popularity of papers related to the food industry is relatively low compared to other papers, which is a paradoxical situation. The data for this paper were provided by the developer of Sci-Hub.

This literature review describes evolutionary aspects of the formation of relationships between microorganisms and the human body. The formation of symbiotic relationships, which resulted in the formation of a holobiont, is discussed. Separate chapter of the article is dedicated to describing positive effects of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 strain for human health, including effective prevention and treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders in infants.

The method of calculation of hybrid (metal-polymer) sliding bearings according to the load capacity and durability of the bushing made of polyamide filled with glass or carbon dispersed fibers is presented. The initial contact pressures were calculated and the influence of bushing wear on their relative reduction was investigated. The wear resistance of bearings with bushings made of both polymer composites was also evaluated. Regularities of their change from loading, diameter of the bushing and radial clearance are established.

With the interaction of drugs belonging to different pharmacotherapeutic groups – nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory and antihypertensive – against the background of comorbid arterial hypertension with rheumatoid arthritis, the activity and safety of drugs may change with their combined use. Changes in the analgesic activity of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, different in their selectivity to the types of cyclooxygenase (diclofenac, nimesulide and celecoxib), under the conditions of their long-term combined use with amlodipine in different periods of inflammation against the background of hypertension should be studied. Using the model of adjuvant arthritis comorbid with hypertension, in experiments on nonlinear mature white rats, the threshold of pain sensitivity has been determined by means of the “tail flick” test. Hypertension was caused by salt load with 1% sodium chloride solution for drinking with free access to it. Adjuvant arthritis was induced by the introduction of complete Freund’s adjuvant into the plantar aponeurosis of the hind limb of each animal with the established arterial hypertension. Against the background of arterial hypertension and comorbid pathology, there was an increase in the threshold of pain sensitivity observed in rats, which indicated the development of hypoalgesia. When combined, amlodipine enhanced the analgesic activity of diclofenac during 60 days of observation, slightly heightened the analgesic effect of nimesulide – up to 42 days, the effect of Celecoxib – in the acute period and the period of manifestation of adjuvant arthritis against the background of hypertension. The antinociceptive effect of diclofenac with amlodipine and celecoxib with amlodipine exceeded the analgesic effect of the combined nimesulide with amlodipine use against the background of comorbid pathology. The results obtained can be taken into account under the conditions of prescribing drugs belonging to the studied pharmacotherapeutic groups. It is likely that the use of diclofenac for analgesia against the background of comorbid conditions is only appropriate in the acute period of rheumatoid arthritis. The use of nimesulide to achieve an analgesic effect in the recurrence of rheumatoid arthritis against the background of hypertension is appropriate in the acute period and in the period of the inflammatory process attenuation. A highly selective coxib group cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, celecoxib, can reduce pain during the acute period of arthritis and during the manifestation of an inflammatory reaction that has developed against the background of arterial hypertension.

A group of experts, leading specialists in the field of pediatric gastroenterology have prepared clinical recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of functional digestive disorders in children; they have summarized the international recommendations and domestic experience, suggesting the tactics of in everyday pediatrician’s practice. The second part of the guidelines discusses functional disorders with abdominal pain: functional nausea and vomiting, functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, functional abdominal pain. The authors have clarified the definitions, classification and criteria for the diagnosis of functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome taking into account actual concepts. They also have defined current therapeutic principles. The diagnosis of functional nausea and vomiting, as well as functional abdominal pain, is rarely found in our pediatric practice, and therefore the detailed information provided on these diseases is of particular importance for a practitioner.

The growth in demand for fish products as a result of globalization of trade caused a risks and threats of selling poor-quality and falsified fish products. This has become a great problem both for supervising agencies and for consumers.Many countries have regulations on food labelling and safety. For example, in the Russian Federation, Republic of Belarus and Republic of Kazakhstan has been passed the Technical Regulation of the Customs Union TR CU022/2011 “Food products in part of their labeling” that aims to prevent misinformation of consumers to ensuring realization of consumer rights to reliable information about food products, and Technical Regulation TR EAEU040/2016 “On safety of fish and fish products” requires indication of the zoological name of the species of the aquatic biological resource or the object of aquaculture.Fish species identification is traditionally carried out based on external morphological traits. However, it becomes impossible to identify species by ichthyological traits upon fish cutting, if the head and fins are removed, and the body is cut on pieces (especially, in case of fillets) and even more so upon technological processing. In this case, objective analytical methods of species identification are used, which are based on ELISA or PCR. However, DNA‑based methods have several advantages compared to ELISA methods and complement traditional morphological identification methods. This paper gives a wide overview of the most recent and used methods of fish species identification based on DNA analysis such as single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis, species-specific PCR, real-time PCR, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PCR-RFLP), DNA barcoding, Sanger sequencing and next-generation sequencing (NGS).

A group of leading experts in the field of pediatric gastroenterology prepared clinical recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of functional digestive disorders (FDD) in children; they have summarized international recommendations and domestic experience and suggested the tactics for a pediatrician in everyday practice. The first part of the recommendations discusses modern views on functional digestive disorders, their development mechanisms and terminology. The article considers the biopsychosocial model of functional digestive disorders, as well as an updated classification based on the Rome criteria IV, including domestic views and experience. The article discusses the diagnostic criteria and principles of treatment of functional digestive disorders in infants (infant colic, infant regurgitation, Infant dyshesia), as well as cyclic vomiting syndrome. In all cases the authors provide a deflnition, classification (if it is developed), ICD-10 codes, an examination and treatment plan at various levels of the healthcare system, and indications for hospitalization of the children.

Optical gas sensing attracts growing attention in the recent years. This is governed by progressive availability of optical nanostructures fabrication and complex techniques of optical spectrum processing. In the present paper, a room-temperature optical humidity sensor based on a hydrophilic polymer Nafion is theoretically and experimentally investigated. Sensor geometry is optimized for maximum sensitivity of an angle-resolved ATR dip in the Kretschmann configuration. The reflectance dip is attributed to the 2nd order Nafion layer leaky waveguide mode hybridized with the surface plasmon-polariton at the silver/Nafion interface. Results of the relative humidity (RH) retrieval with the regression of the physical model parameters is compared to these obtained with different machine learning (ML) techniques. It is shown that a limited raw data set is enough for using ML algorithms. Accuracy of 0.3% has been demonstrated in RH measurements.

A primary task transfusion medicine should solve is to provide infection safety of donor blood and its components. Our research goal was to assess potential risks of a recipient being infected with herpes viruses during transfusion of donor blood and its components and to suggest a set of activities aimed at the risk reduction. We examined blood samples taken from 142 donors who permanently resided in Moscow; our task was to detect markers of active infections caused by herpes simplex viruses, types 1 and 2, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus, and human herpes type 6 virus. Immunoglobulins M and G were determined with ELISA test; antigens, via an indirect immune fluorescence reaction combined with rapid cultural technique. All the donors successfully passed all the selection procedures and were accepted for donation. Active forms were most frequently detected for infections caused by EBV (11.97±2.73 per 100 examined) and human herpes type 6 virus (9.86±2.51 per 100 examined), and it was accordingly 10 and 8.96 times higher than data given by other authors. It indicates there was high epidemic activity of these infectious agents in Moscow city in November-December 2019 and higher risks of recipients being infected with EBV and human herpes type 6 virus with donor blood and its components. Frequency of detecting donors with active infections caused by herpes simples, types 1 and 2, EBV, cytomegalovirus, and human herpes type 6 virus amounted to 27.46±3.76 per 100 examined. Frequency of detecting donors bearing antigens to herpes viruses in their blood amounted to 20.42±3.39 per 100 examined. Risk of potential infecting with examined herpes viruses during blood transfusions amounted to 40.85 per 100 recipients. In order to reduce this risk, we suggest wide implementation of leuko- and pathogen reduction of stored donor blood and its components.

The necessary composition and content of fillers of a multicomponent extrudable composition based on an ultrahigh-molecular polyethylene (UHMPE) with specified mechanical and tribotechnical characteristics are determined. For the purpose of effective and operational development of extrudable composites based on an UHMPE, a minimum amount of experimental data and an algorithm for determining the governing parameters (formulations) is used, which give the needed (restrictive) values for the effective characteristics of multicomponent polymer-polymer compositions. This allows one to secure the tribological, mechanical and technological properties required. The limited amount of experimental data for the relation between the effective properties and the formulation required is supplemented by values calculated using the Lagrange interpolation polynomial. The relations obtained are represented as surfaces and the corresponding level lines. The imposition of level lines allows one to determine the area that meets the requirements specified and to find the formulation necessary for it. On the basis of this algorithm, the optimum formulation of a three-component mixture consisting of an UHMPE, a high-density polyethylene grafted with maleic anhydride, and a polypropylene having tribomechanical properties at the level of an UHMPE, but with a melt flow-behavior index suitable for 3D printing by fused deposition modeling, is determined. According to the formulation found, samples were made and tested, and they completely satisfied the properties prescribed.

The development of biotechnology in the field of GMOs requires states to take specific decisions to regulate the spread of genetically modified crops. In the European Union all GM crops that circulation are subject to mandatory registration, which regulates the placing on the market and circulation of genetically modified raw materials, food and feed. The article presents systematized data about the registration of genetically modified soybean, maize and rapeseed in the European Union. It was established that most of the GM crops have introduced genes that give them tolerance to herbicides of different groups. The register of the European Union currently includes 12 events of soybean (GTS 40-3-2, A2704-12, Mon 89788, MON87705, DP 356043, A5547-127, FG 72, SYHTOH 2, DAS-44406-6, DAS-68416- 4, Mon 87708, BPS-CV127-9), 5 events of maize (MZHG0JG, DAS-40278-9, GA 21, NK 603, T 25), 3 events of rapeseed (GT 73, T45, TOPAS 19/2) with tolerance to herbicides. It has been shown that a significant number of registered GM plants have a combination of several events, including tolerance to herbicides and resistance to certain insects or improving quality features of crops. Among them are one event of soybean (DP305423-1), 9 events of maize (TC 1507, DP 4114-3, MON 87411-9, MON 87427, MON 88017, DAS59122-7, Bt 176, Bt 11, DAS 1507) and one event of rapeseed (MS8xRF3). Many GM crops (one event of soybean and 6 events of maize) have introduced genes that determine the plant's tolerance to insects. Only a tiny amount of GM crops are being with altered consumer or technological qualities. In the register of genetically modified crops, all events of GM crops are currently authorized for usage for food, supplements, feed and other product. А single event of maize (Mon 810), that was allowed for cultivation at the time of this analysis was at the stage of renewal of the permit.

Fluorescence-based multispectral imaging of rapidly moving or dynamic samples requires both fast two-dimensional data acquisition as well as sufficient spectral sensitivity for species separation. As the number of fluorophores in the experiment increases, meeting both these requirements becomes technically challenging. Although several solutions for fast imaging of multiple fluorophores exist, they all have one main restriction; they rely solely on spectrally resolving either the excitation- or the emission characteristics of the fluorophores. This inability directly limits how many fluorophores existing methods can simultaneously distinguish. Here we present a snapshot multispectral imaging approach that not only senses the excitation and emission characteristics of the probed fluorophores but also all cross term combinations of excitation and emission. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the only snapshot multispectral imaging method that has this ability, allowing us to even sense and differentiate between light of equal wavelengths emitted from the same fluorescing species but where the signal components stem from different excitation sources. The current implementation of the technique allows us to simultaneously gather 24 different spectral images on a single detector, from which we demonstrate the ability to visualize and distinguish up to nine fluorophores within the visible wavelength range.

The different effects on animals of the thrombolytic protease complex of the new producer S. strictum 203 were studied. The tests of acute toxicity, immunotoxicity and allergenicity should conclude that the studied proteolytic complex is safe for medical usage. For the intravenous and the intraperitoneal routes of administration, the maximum tolerated dose and the median lethal dose were not determined.

The article demonstrates that the restrictions introduced during the coronavirus pandemic affected the dynamics of mutual settlements between the territorial funds of the mandatory medical insurance (MMI, TFMMI). According to the results of the first nine months of 2020, medical institutions of a number of subjects were not able to earn even a half of the amount of sum that was presented for payment in 2019 on medical care support of patients from other regions. It was established that besides such relevant features of the Russian health care system as large territory, fragmentation of population, necessity to maintain a number of state medical institutions, there is also a number of factors that during the pandemic were most aggravated in those "weak" places in the MMI system that have been stagnating for a long time. Among them, insufficiently large listing of medical services covered by MMI, inability to provide medical services to all those in need due to shortage of equipment, working areas, qualified care, etc. It is noted that among the general trends of MMI, the Russian medical insurance system (not only that it is not a classical one), especially during the pandemic, is broken out of social insurance: two funds, structures, costs of informatization, etc. However, in Russia, even in such conditions, health care is funded through the MMI system up to 50%. The pandemic demonstrated that no private sector, no paid services, no commercial insurance companies can cover the whole spectrum of health care complicities during the pandemic crisis. Namely, the MMI system bore the brunt of the survival of medicine during the pandemic. It is concluded that namely the need in medical institutions with sufficient reserve of bed fund with MMI services can input into development of necessary stable basis for survival in difficult conditions of pandemic crisis. The proposal of the Audit Chamber of the Russian Federation of further reforming of the mandatory medical insurance system is considered reasonable and logical especially in difficult situation of struggle against COVID-19. The article also presents data concerning the state of MMI in 2020, at the height of the pandemic crisis in the regions of the Russian Federation.

The problem of a unipolar electromagnetic pulse being diffracted by an ideally conducting cylinder is considered using a computational experiment. It is shown that the scattered field is bipolar for the chosen polarization, with which the magnetic component of the field is parallel to the cylinder axis. The shape of its temporal profile depends on the ratio of the cylinder’s radius and the spatial length of the incident pulse.

The paper presents the case of the right-sided inguinal inflammation of a lymph node as a result of invasion of Dirofilaria repens, the parasitic pathogen of subcutaneous dirofilariasis in animals of the canine family. The diagnosis was verified on the basis of the parallel application of morphological studies of cross sections of the nematode in histological samples and the molecular biological method polymerase chain reaction of scrapings of histological material. The localization of this helminth inside the cavities of the human body is extremely rare. Only isolated cases of atypical localization of D. repens are described: in the organs of the chest, cervical lymphatic node in the spermatic cord and epididymis, which led to pseudotumor formations that needed to be differentiated with neoplastic processes. This case is of great interest to experts of various fields (surgeons, oncologists, infectious disease specialists and pathologists), primarily in the differential diagnosis of malignant neoplasms of the lymphatic system.В статье описан случай развития правостороннего пахового гнойного лимфаденита, развившегося в результате инвазии Dirofilaria repens возбудителя подкожного дирофиляриоза животных семейства псовых. Диагноз верифицирован на основании параллельного применения морфологического исследования поперечных срезов нематоды в гистологических препаратах и молекулярно-биологического метода полимеразной цепной реакции соскобов гистологического материала. Локализация данного гельминта внутри полостей организма человека регистрируется крайне редко. Описаны лишь единичные случаи нетипичных локализаций D. repens: в органах грудной клетки, шейном лимфоузле, семенном канатике и эпидидимисе, приведшие к псевдоопухолевым образованиям, которые необходимо дифференцировать с неопластическими процессами. Данный случай представляет большой интерес для специалистов различных специальностей (хирургов, онкологов, инфекционистов и патологоанатомов), в первую очередь при дифференциальной диагностике злокачественных новообразований лимфатической системы.

The scattering of a unidirectional electromagnetic pulse by an infinite dielectric cylinder is considered via a computational experiment. It is shown that if the cylinder radius exceeds the characteristic length of the incident pulse, the scattered field ceases to be unidirectional. The number of oscillations in it depends on the shape, size, and dielectric constant of the scattering object.

In the case of astronomical observations from the surface of the Earth, it is difficult to obtain high resolution images due to the distorting influence of the atmosphere. There are two groups of methods for mitigating this influence. The first group does not interfere with the process of image formation and is related to the processing of already recorded images. The methods from the second group involve constructing special observational instruments. Placing the instrument outside the atmosphere may also be considered a method from this group. In this case, there is no atmospheric influence, and acquisition of images with diffraction-limited resolution is assumed to be possible without additional effort. The factors that may lead to phase distortions during observations with an orbital multimirror telescope are discussed. The total phase accumulation method is proposed for removing the distortions. The method is designed for compensating for the distortion of Fourier component phases caused by the Earth’s atmosphere. Assumptions as to the statistics of phase distortions used in its development are quite general and do not interfere with its application to space observations. Computer modeling is used to demonstrate the technique effectiveness and study its capabilities in processing images from a multimirror space telescope. The use of modeling as an instrument for research is motivated by the high cost and complexity of the real experiment and the necessity of having a true image of an object for evaluating the method error. The aperture configuration of the upcoming James Webb Telescope is used for modeling. The modeling was used to explain the different behavior of phase distortions between space observations and observations from the Earth’s surface. It is demonstrated that, in case of space observations, the total phase accumulation is required instead of the main phase values' accumulation. It is found that the dependence of the reconstruction error on the number of accumulated images is nonmonotonic.

During many decades, rabies remained endemic on the territory of Ukraine. In certain historical periods, the epizootic process of rabies developed with the alternate inclusion of different species of animals as a source and a reservoir of the virus which are of great interest to many scientists. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to conduct an analysis of rabies epidemiology on the territory of Ukraine from 1950 to 2019 based on collected reliable archival data. Collected archival data have shown that over the past 70 years sources of rabies infection varied from domestic to wild carnivorous and vice versa with three major epizootic peaks. The first and the highest peak in the entire study period was recorded in 1951 (3 724 cases) and was caused by the spread of the rabies virus solely through dogs. The second peak with lower number of cases was recorded in 1979 (1 594 cases) when the dominant role in the spread of rabies virus turned to foxes. Finally, the third peak in 2007 (2 932 cases) was triggered by the combination of animals (foxes, dogs, and cats) as the source of the pathogen. Considering significant peaks and downturns and the varying degrees of involvement of domestic and wild animals in spreading of the pathogen, we have identified five historically important stages in the development of the epizootic process: the stage of «urban» or «dog» rabies (1950–1959), relative stability (1960–1969), «sylvatic» or «fox» rabies (1970–1990), relative safety (1991–1999), and expansion (2000–2019). At the stage of «urban» rabies dogs played a significant role as a source and a reservoir of the virus. In the epizootic aspect, dogs made up 54.3 % of all rabies cases, while cats and wild animals (wolves, raccoon dogs, foxes, raccoons, martens, and lynxes) – 1.58 % and only 0.05 % respectively. Domestic animals (cattle, pigs, horses, goats, etc.) made up the rest 44.07 %, but they were «victims» and did not contribute to the further spread of the virus. Moreover, in 89 % of cases dogs were a source of rabies for humans. The stage of «relative stability» was marked by decline of epizootics throughout Ukraine and decrease in the number of deaths to 140 per year. «Sylvatic» or «fox» rabies stage was characterized by the involvement in the epizootic process of a new species of animals – the red fox (Vulpes vulpes). During this stage the proportion of wild animals in the total number of cases was 33.9 %, cats – 17.7 %, and dogs – 12 %. In 46.5 % of cases foxes were the main source of rabies for humans, while cats and dogs in 34.2 % and 11.8 % of cases respectively. The stage of «relative safety» was marked by the repeated prolonged decline of epizootics and the increasing role of dogs and cats in the epizootic process. The last stage of the expansion took place against the background of the increasing population size and proportion of rabies cases among domestic carnivores (up to 44.6 %) and foxes (up to 36.5 %), which contributed to the widest distribution of the virus, and remains a significant problem nowadays. While in the period of «urban rabies» vaccination of dogs together with the regulation of their population allowed to reduce the number of rabies cases by 26 times in 15 years, nowadays regulation of fox and domestic carnivores populations in combination with oral vaccination of wild and parenteral vaccination of companion animals, unfortunately, do not give visible result. So, it is extremely important not only to increase the quality of preventive measures against rabies, but also to increase their quantity in order to cover all three major sources of rabies – dogs, cats, and foxes.

Currently, the coal industry is one of the environmentally unfriendly industries of the world economy. Industrial activities of coal mining enterprises lead to pollution of the atmosphere and other living environments most strongly associated with the atmosphere, especially the soil, causing considerable damage to natural ecosystems, land use and other sphere of human activities. The possibility of using geoinformation technologies and remote sensing data in solving the problems of man-made violation of territories in areas of coal mining is presented in this report. A method for determining the location of coal mining waste heaps and updating their spatial characteristics using geoinformation systems based on satellite data from open sources is proposed. The research was carried out on the example of the Sverdlovsk district of the Luhansk region, where the tasks of accounting and control, utilization and reclamation of coal industry waste are of paramount importance. As a result of the study, all available waste heaps of the coal mining industry in the study area were identified and described. The problem of inappropriate land use occupied by waste from the coal industry is considered. Examples of mapping processes of formation of rock dumps based on historical high-resolution images are given

As electrocatalytic technologies are increasingly found in the forefront of renewable energy and sustainability efforts, innovative methods are key towards extracting mechanistic information en route to understanding and consequently maximizing catalyst performance. Here, operando spectroscopy, that which is performed simultaneously as a catalyst is operating, can elucidate reaction pathways, catalyst dynamics and more. However, widely adopted methods such as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) are not compatible with the full array of relevant catalysts. To this end, shell-isolated nanoparticle enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SHINERS) is emerging as an enabling technique which allows for highly sensitive Raman spectroscopy to be carried out on non-plasmonic substrates. Judicious design of the plasmonic core, isolating shell and reaction parameters has aided the community in the investigation of important systems such as Pt-catalysed oxygen reduction to understand the interplay of surface-active sites, reaction environment, reaction pathway, and ultimately, performance. The use of SHINERS to extract such structure–activity relationships is the focus of this review. We briefly go over the history of SERS and the advances leading up to SHINERS, provide a critical review of the several state-of-the-art SHINERS studies, and then conclude with a perspective on growing areas in which SHINERS stands to play an important role.

The final formation of the child’s functional systems completed during postnatal ontogeny. To create optimal conditions for the functioning of the body is necessary either to decrease the level of functional requirements to the immature system, or the creation of new operating conditions under which the extended maturation time factor. Currently, the most common treatment for obstructive uropathies is surgical treatment. A promising alternative to open surgical treatment of obstructive megaureter is endoscopic stenting of the ureter, based on an assessment of the phenomena of growth imbalances and dysfunction, tissue and maturation of the urinary system.Objective: rationale and introduction of minimally invasive endoscopic draining techniques aimed at restoring urodynamics by using a PVC intraluminal drainage (stent).Materials and methods. The possibility of stenting with determination of the size of the mouth of the ureter was investigated. The study involved 32 children aged from birth to three years. A retrospective analysis of previously treated 41 patients with obstructive ureterohydronephrosis was performed.Results. The study found that the optimal age for endoscopic correction of the intramural ureter is up to 3 months of life, when telescopic bougienage with dilation of the intramural compartment of the compromised ureter can be performed with calibration of the mouth and stent of the ureter with a corresponding stent.Retrospective analysis of previously treated patients allowed us to determine the same dependence. Thus, out of 41 patients with obstructive ureterohydronephrosis positive result was achieved in 29 children (70.73%) up to 1 year and 6 (14.63%) over 1 year. The impossibility of performing endoscopic correction of the orifice and stenting of the ureters in the age group up to 1 year was noted only in 1 patient (2.43%), whereas in the group from 1 year to 3 years – in 5 patients (12.19%).Conclusions. The proposed tactics of treatment of obstructive uropathy in children has advantages in terms of open surgical techniques in the technical simplicity, minimally invasive, maximum physiological, reducing the incidence of postoperative complications. It should be remembered that the effectiveness of endoscopic stenting of the lower parts of the ureter depends on the age of the child.The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies.