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The largest population of space debris is observed in the low-Earth-orbit region with altitudes of 600–1000 km and inclinations of 80–100°. As follows from the predictive calculations, space debris removal from this region exactly is of the first priority. For this reason, our article discusses the problems of controlling the motion of service spacecraft – space debris object cluster when the space debris object is removed from a low orbit with high inclination. In the conceptual design of the spacecraft presented hereinafter, the electric propulsion system contains two electric propulsion thrusters of stationary plasma thruster type, each of which is mounted with the possibility of independent rotation respect to two mutually perpendicular directions. An ion beam injector forms an ion beam with 65 mN of thrust. Spacecraft motion control, including the thrust vector control, is provided by coordinated rotation of thrusters. For such concept, a strategy and an algorithm for controlling the motion of the spacecraft center of mass are proposed, which are based on the control of the spacecraft lateral and longitudinal motion that is understood as the control of the relative distance between the spacecraft and the space debris object. The strategy of spacecraft lateral motion control assumes that due to the thrusters' rotation the spacecraft should be displaced in such a way that the vector of the relative range between the spacecraft and the space debris object coincides with the direction of the transversal of the orbital coordinate system. For the practical implementation of the control, an algorithm has been developed for controlling the thrusters' rotation to create the required values of the spacecraft acceleration projections. The mathematical model includes the equations of motion of the spacecraft center of mass taking into account the aerodynamic deceleration. The solar panels' orientation to the Sun is provided by the spacecraft roll rotation relative to its longitudinal axis and turning the solar panels relative to their axis of rotation. The change in the ion beam momentum transfer is considered using a simple simulation model. Mathematical modeling was performed for the following parameters of the initial orbit: altitude: 800 km; eccentricity: 0.0005; and inclination: 900. For the proposed control algorithm, a range of possible thrust of a single thruster was 51–60 mN. The simulation results show that the proposed control can be used to remove space debris object from low orbits with high inclination, taking into account the roll spacecraft rotation to keep the solar panels’ orientation to the Sun.

The results of the study of the population biology of the rare orchid Dactylorhiza incarnata (L.) Soó on the territory of the Komi Republic (north-east of European Russia), where the species is located on the northern border of its range, are presented. Data on the population structure, morphometric features of plants, and reproductive characteristics of the species are given. It was found that the size of plants and the number of flowers in the inflorescence of this species in the region is lower than in the more southern parts of its range. The populations size ranges from 30 to 350 individuals with their average density of 0.7–3.7 per 1 m2 , and it is common for this species in other parts of its distribution area. Reproductive success is associated with the weather of the second decade of June because the flowering time of the species in the region happens in this time. It was found that the seed size of D. incarnata (0.55×0.20 mm) on its northern border is smaller than in other parts of the range. The seed productivity is rather high: one fruit contains an average of 6.2 thousands of seeds and one individual could produce about 49.4 thousands of seeds. Temperature during flowering time and precipitation during seed ripening may affect seed quality. The presence of juvenile individuals (%) in all the studied populations shows seed recruitment in populations of this species at the northern limit of the range, despite a lower seed set in comparison with southern populations.

The article aims to determine the essence, role, and significance of re-export in international trade using its opportunities to develop Russian exports and imports.The authors define re-export and its key characteristics, analyze the main factors of re-export trade development, study re-export dynamics compared to the commodity supplies dynamics within the framework of ordinary exports. When exporting highly differentiated goods, it is the role of knowledge about the terms, forms, and trading methods on the international market that increases. Specialized trading companies possess this knowledge; they create large transport and logistics centers in the countries crossing international trade routes, including extensive consignment warehouses.The article studies the dynamics of re-export flows and makes calculations, based on which it concludes that the volume of these commercial operations is growing faster in the world market. At the same time, large re-export operations are now performed not only by small states located at the intersection of sea roads but also by large, industrialized states: the USA, Great Britain, Italy, etc.The authors conclude that an essential factor in the development of re-export was the growth of trade restrictions imposed primarily for political reasons. Such restrictions apply in trade relations between India and Pakistan, Israel and the Arab countries, between some states of the Persian Gulf, etc. The anti-Russian sanctions adopted in the United States and other Western states inadvertently contribute to the development of re-exports, since many trading companies, including Western ones conducting international commercial operations, do not consider themselves bound by unilateral decisions of the anti-Russian part of the US government. Many US trading companies themselves are actively involved in re-export operations without disclosing partners. Given the undesirability of disseminating information on re-export operations, many countries actively involved in re-export have stopped submitting data on their re-exports to international statistical agencies.The authors concentrate on the re-export operation of the United Arab Emirates, where are thousands of trading firms with transport and logistics infrastructure and consignment warehouses. Russia is involved in re-export trade, mainly through the UAE companies, carrying on export and import operations on the world market. The authors conclude that expanding the practice of re-export increases sales of national products in the world market.

The necessity of quick surgical treatment of acute ruptured cerebral aneurysms was demonstrated in large studies by the ISAT and ISUIA, which also proved the advantage of the endovascular method over the surgical one. Ballonassistence is widely used in treatment of aneurysms with wide neck and unfavorable vascular anatomy, but the radicality of the treatment is insufficient. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of stent-assisted embolization of «acute» cerebral aneurysms. Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of the treatment of 234 patients with «acute» cerebral aneurysms was carried out. Results. Only coils were used in 40.6 % of cases (n = 95), balloon-assistance, in 40.2 % of cases (n = 94), and stent-assistance, in 19.2 % of cases (n = 45). There were 11.5 % (n = 27) clinically significant complications. Total aneurysm occlusion (Raymond-Roy I) was achieved in 187 cases (79.9 %); the radicality at the control examination was 67.1 % (157 patients). Discussion. The radicality of the treatment with stents was slightly higher then with balloons and coils at the end of operation (84.4 %, n = 38 and 78.8 %, n = 149, p > 0.05), but it was significantly higher at the control examination (80.0 %, n = 36 and 60.8 %, n = 115, respectively, p Conclusions. Intracranial stents allow achieving good results of the embolization of complex aneurysms in the acute period of intracranial hemorrhage without increasing the risk of surgical treatment.

A rare case of acute pericarditis in a patient with a previous COVID‑19 infection is analyzed in a clinical follow‑up. The anamnesis of the disease, the clinical picture of the disease, the dynamics of laboratory and instrumental indicators are described. The complexity of identifying the causative agent of the infectious process and the difficulty of selecting etiotropic therapy is demonstrated. The recommendations of the European Society of Cardiology for the diagnosis and treatment of pericardial diseases (ESC2015) were taken into account and applied in practice. The article presents an overview of clinical cases of pericarditis in patients with COVID‑19 according to international publications, the results are compared with the clinical case presented by the authors.

In order to identify pathomorphological changes, histological studies of the lungs of calves from two groups were performed. Calves of the first group had parainfluenza, and the second group included calves with an acute course of catarrhal purulent bronchopneumonia with clinical signs of chronic and acute pulmonary pathology. Clinical and histological methods of investigation were used in the work. Established pathomorphological changes in the lungs of calves of the first group in the form of chronic interstitial bronchopneumonia accompanied by compensatory chronic alveo-lar emphysema, formation of multinucleated symplast and multicellular syncytiae from the epitheli-um of alveoli, as well as mixed cytopathic forms of respiratory epithelium - symplasts-syncytiae are characteristic cytological signs of chronic parainfluenza infection. Detection of local thickening of bronchial walls due to proliferation of multilobular epithelium and infiltration of its submucosal base by lymphoid cells with narrowed lumen profiles also confirms parainfluenza etiology of the changes that occurred in the lungs. Marked manifestations of bronchopneumonia were manifested with maximum intensity in ventilated cardiac and diaphragmatic lungs of sick calves. Chronic inflammatory process in the lungs at parainfluenza was complicated by fibrinous pleurisy, as well as peri- and endocarditis, myocardiodystrophy with distorted structure of cardio-myocytes and atypical heart cells. In the pulmonary lymph nodes of parainfluenza-affected calves a moderately pronounced hyperplasia of lymphoid tissue cells with the presence of secondary lymph nodes, some of which had a pronounced structure of dark cellular periphery and a broad cell-rich germinative zone. In calves of the second group with an acute course of catarrhal purulent broncho-pneumonia we could not detect the above cytopathic changes in the airways and the respiratory part of the lungs. Pathological changes in the lungs were predominantly exudative, represented by se-rous alveolitis, catarrhal purulent bronchopneumonia with involvement of anterior and cardiac lobes of the organ. Short course of the disease was accompanied by weak proliferation of lymphoid tissue cells in pulmonary lymph nodes.

This publication provides a brief overview of the materials of developments in promising areas of hydrogen energy and hydrogen technologies carried out by scientists and specialists at the National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", in particular: - plasma, plasma-chemical, beam technologies, hydrogen energy technologies to ensure environmental safety and environmental protection, including:methods and technologies based on plasma-chemical processes for the processing and synthesis of organic compounds, modeling of plasma and plasma-chemical processes;development of plasma-melt technologies for gasification of solid organic raw materials, • development of a plasmatron complex for waste processing;elements of hydrogen (atomic-hydrogen) energy, including plasma ones, which ensure an increase in energy efficiency and environmental safety in energy (including renewable energy) in transport; • plasma catalytic systems for the conversion of organic fuels;fuel cells and electrolytic cells with solid polymer electrolyte; • membrane and membrane catalytic systems for hydrogen production and purification;nanostructured electrocatalysts;ensuring hydrogen safety.The Kurchatov Institute is the founder and undisputed leader and coordinator of research and development in our country in a number of key areas of hydrogen energy.

A computational model of a wind tunnel (WT) with a special experimental rig has been developed directly for studying unsteady aerodynamic characteristics of a wing section with a helicopter blade profile. The model was constructed using CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) methods based on the URANS approach (Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier Strokes Equations). Therefore, the aerodynamic characteristics of the airfoil can be determined, taking into account influence of the WT walls such as walls perforation and various configurations of the experimental rig. Simulation of the flow around the wing section with the SC1095 airfoil in steady and unsteady settings is performed. The flow features in the working section of the WT and the experimental rig are analyzed. For a particular case, the calculation method was validated in a 2D formulation on the basis of available experimental data. The developed model can be used to refine the methods of processing experimental data, taking into account the individual characteristics of the WT and the experimental rig configuration.

An important place in the structure of the causes of postoperative respiratory failure in cardiac surgery is occupied by atelectasis of the lung tissue, which is formed during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The incidence of this complication makes 54–92%.The objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of various respiratory support techniques during CPB.Subjects and methods. 60 patients were randomly included in the study. CPAP Group (positive airway pressure +5 cm H2O) and VC Group (lung ventilation during CPB with parameters: tidal volume 3 ml/kg, respiratory rate 6/min, positive end-expiratory pressure +5 cm H2O).Results. The oxygenation index in VC Group was higher than in CPAP Group at the stages after the end of CPB (289.6 ± 100.0 in VC Group and 223.1 ± 152.0 in CPAP Group), at the end of surgery (in VC Group 318,7 ± 73.8 and in CPAP Group 275.2 ± 90.0) The frequency of intraoperative (VC 16% and CPAP 43%) and postoperative recruiting lung maneuvers (VC 7% and CPAP 26%) in VC Group was lower versus CPAP Group. The incidence of atelectasis in VC Group (10%) decreased compared to CPAP (36.6%).Conclusion: Low-volume ventilation during cardiopulmonary bypass has a more favorable effect on the oxygenating function compared to respiratory support in the CPAP mode.

Application of the method of removal of space debris objects by an ion beam - the IBS method - seems to be the most effective for cleaning the GEO region. This is due to the low energy consumption for transfer one object in a safe orbit delta-V≃11 m/s and the possibility of removal several objects by one spacecraft. The service spacecraft for this purpose can be developed on the basis of telsat technology, taking into account its functions. Such a spacecraft should contain an ion beam injector to act on the removed object and an electric propulsion system, which serves to compensate for the ion injector thrust and to control the spacecraft motion both during transportation of the removed object and during interorbital flights. The development of a weakly diverging ion beam injector, determination of the composition and structure of an electric propulsion system, ballistics of the optimal sequence of interorbital flights, and development of an algorithm for controlling a virtual cluster: spacecraft-removed object are discussed in the article. In the majority of works on IBS, commercial ion thrusters are considered as an ion injector and engines. However, ion beams from ion thrusters have a half angle of divergence of 120-150. When propagating in outer space, the ion beam expands irresistibly due to electron thermal effects. As a result, the distance at which the spacecraft must follow the removed object during its transportation for effective impulse transmission to it should be small (estimated, about 7 m). Taking into account the dimensions of both objects and the uncontrolled movement of the removed object relative to its center of mass, the object transportation operation carries noticeable risks. The results of an experimental study of a prototype of an ion injector with an initial half angle of divergence of 20-40 are presented. The use of such an injector would provide a distance between objects of 15–20 m and reduce the risk of their collision. In connection with IBS, various aspects of spacecraft control during transportation of an object with one, two or more engines as part of the electric propulsion system are considered. In the conceptual design of the spacecraft presented in this work, the electric propulsion system contains two stationary plasma thrusters, each of which is mounted with the possibility of independent rotation respect to two mutually perpendicular directions. Spacecraft motion control, including thrust vector control, is carried out by means of the thrusters coordinated rotation. The characteristics of the spacecraft and its subsystems intended for the removal of several objects are conceptually considered. For example, parameters of the mission for the removal of up to 10 objects from the NORAD catalog from the GEO region are given. In the future, using the result obtained, the control of SC of this scheme when IBS implementing in the low-Earth orbit will be considered.

The effect of chronic alcohol intoxication on the daily rhythm of micromorphometric parameters characterizing the morphological and functional state of the liver is studied on 80 male Wistar rats of 6 months age, divided into 2 equal groups. The first group served as control; rats of the second group (experiment) were kept under similar conditions but got as a drink a 15% ethanol solution ad libitum instead of water. After three weeks of the experiment, animals were euthanized consistently at four-time points during the day. The pathomorphological study of the liver was carried out, the daily dynamics of the nucleus and cell (by area and nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio (NCR)), ploidy of mononuclear hepatocytes, and the proportion of binuclear hepatocytes were measured. The reliability of circadian rhythm (CR) was determined by cosinor analysis. The study indicates complex changes in the organization of rhythmostasis in the experiment. The chrono-destructive effect of experimental alcohol intoxication on the CR of the cell and NCR, as well as the chronomodulating effect to the CR of the nucleus are established. The effect of ethanol on the CR of ploidy and the number of binuclear hepatocytes, as well as on the nature of their variation at the studied time points is established. An increase in the ploidy of hepatocytes and an in the number of binuclear cells is revealed, which indicates the beginning of the deployment of adaptive-compensatory reactions in the organ.

In this paper, a mathematical model of a neural network defuzzificator is presented. It is a two-layer perceptron and serves to convert a fuzzy solution to a numerical form in fuzzy-logic output procedures. The model allows optimizing the computational load that occurs when using the standard center-of-gravity method, through the use of a neural network. Training and testing are conducted with various settings of the neural-network model. The effectiveness of this approach by measuring the time required for the computation is also proved.

The Orchidaceae is one of the most interesting angiosperm families due to their biology and ecology. However, our knowledge about northern orchids, especially about several aspects of their reproduction biology, is still scarce. This study presents data on reproduction biology of 13 orchid species from the Republic of Komi, situated at the northern border of the orchids' distribution areas. Data on flower number, fruit set, seed morphometry and seed number are presented. The volume of the largest and smallest seeds differs in the study area by 10 times (from 1.2 × 10-3 mm3 in Malaxis monophyllos to 14.2 × 10-3 mm3 in Cypripedium guttatum). The seed shape is determined by the habitat type. Similarly to previous studies, we found that deceptive orchids have lower rates of fruit set, compared to the nectar-rewarding ones. For deceptive orchids, the low fruit set is compensated by the larger number of seeds per fruit, compared to the nectar-rewarding species. The fruit set is correlated positively with the flower number in the deceptive orchids. Moreover, the fruit set rate might also depend on the habitat characteristics, e.g. the canopy closure. The final indicator of a successful reproductive process is the number of emerged and established young plants. This parameter differs between species with different structures of storage organs. We found the lowest proportion of juvenile individuals in rhizome species (2.7–8.9%), in which the low seed reproduction is compensated by the ability to vegetative reproduction and long persistence of clones. In orchids with root-stem tuberoids, the only way of reproduction is seed reproduction. Populations of these species have a higher proportion of juvenile plants (11.8–19.9%). We found similar adaptations to maintain the maximal seed reproduction rate at the northern border of distribution areas in two root-stem tuberoid orchid species (nectar-rewarding Platanthera bifolia and deceptive Dactylorhiza incarnata). The adaptations include an increase in seed number per fruit and a decrease in the seed size in comparison to the southern part of the distribution areas of these species.

The underestimation of ecosystem services that exists today is explained by the complexity of the value expression of its various functions and interrelationships. Naturally, it is impossible to fully determine the economic value of nature, since the value of goods irreplaceable for life tends to infinity. At the same time, the value indicator of these benefits in a market economy is a determining condition for financial support for the preservation and self-reproduction of natural ecosystems. In the context of the formation of global markets for ecosystem services, the prospects for the ecological and economic assessment of specially protected natural areas are great. Such assessments should become mandatory for the regions and be taken into account in their development strategies. This also applies to the territory of Tunkinsky National Park, located in the Republic of Buryatia, which has become an object of mapping. Based on the concept of total economic value, the component and aggregate values of the cost of direct use of a number of services of the national park were calculated. The information on the nature and use of natural resources in the study area served as the basis for ecological and economic calculations. A map of the natural-territorial complexes of Tunkinsky National Park was compiled, the analysis of which made it possible to get an idea of the distribution of the main natural-territorial complexes within the study area, as well as to determine their areas. The assessment of direct ecosystem services was carried out based on the productivity of biological resources for a number of species of animals, fish, wild plants, as well as recreational and pasture resources. The assessment of indirect services is calculated on the basis of carbon sequestration by forests and swamps, filtration capacity of swamps. The conducted ecological and economic assessment and its visual display on the maps of the studied territory can help in the development of ways to optimize nature management, which will contribute to the careful use of natural resources, diversification of its structure in order to preserve the ecological framework of the territory, ethnocultural and landscape diversity.

Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), low-temperature nitrogen adsorption (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method, or BET) and Raman spectroscopy are used for a comparative analysis of the structural characteristics of the coals of the two seams, Boldyrevsky and Polenovsky, of the Kuznetsk coal basin. SANS measurements show that the microstructure of coal is characterized by surface fractal dimension close to three. The calculated specific surface area of the pore space makes it possible to distinguish the zones of disturbances from the calm areas of the same coal seams. The most sensitive method for the analysis of tectonic disturbances is the Raman spectroscopy, which allows tracing the characteristics of the type of deformation (brittle or ductile) in the disturbed zones. The BET and SANS methods are necessary to understand the dependence of coal Raman spectra on disturbances. Thus, an increase in specific surface area and surface fractal dimensions indicates the potential danger of outbursts in the area of the tectonic disturbances.

This article presents the results of experimental studies of properties that are resistant to abnormal high and abnormally low temperatures of samples of the radio-absorbing material VTMV-1C. Based on the studies, it was concluded that the radar-absorbing material can be used to attenuate reflected waves of electromagnetic fields from various parts of the spacecraft structure and to reduce the levels of resonance phenomena of the electromagnetic field in the modules and cases of onboard instruments and devices of spacecraft.

A thermodynamic analysis is performed of the patterns of steam conversion of natural gas at temperatures of 300–600°C, pressures of 0.1–4 MPa and H2O : C molar ratios of 0.8‒1.2. Under these conditions, the reaction product is methane–hydrogen mixtures with hydrogen concentrations of 10–30 vol %. A rise in temperature, molar ratio Н2О : С, and a decrease in pressure contribute to an increase in the concentration of hydrogen in the reaction products. The thermodynamic boundaries of the process with no carbonization of the catalyst are determined. Experiments are performed to obtain methane–hydrogen mixtures from methane with an output concentration of 15–35 vol % hydrogen on industrial Ni-CrOx-Al2O3 catalyst at 325–425°C, a H2O : C molar ratio of 0.8–1.0, and atmospheric pressure. It is shown that under these conditions, the process proceeds without the formation of carbon on the catalyst.

The paper discusses the features of applying multiscale approach in studies of spatial heterogeneity. We analyze socioeconomic indicators for different scales of spatial organization in Russia: municipalities, regions (federal subjects), and economic areas (‘economicheskiy rayon’). It is established that more discrete levels of subdivisions, in accordance with statistics theory, have higher levels of heterogeneity. Based on our calculations, we demonstrate that the evaluation of heterogeneity indices for the same territories when applying different grids is combined with partial distortion of these indices. Such errors are explained by the continuity of the geographical space and the failure tos unambiguously determine the true geographical boundaries. We propose a generalization coefficient, a proportion of heterogeneity indices at different scale levels, which enables to assess multiscale spatial heterogeneity. The coefficient provides a means of distinguishing scale levels with the greatest diversity of territories. In addition, this coefficient can be used to differentiate between ‘statistical’ heterogeneity, which is explained by the number of elements in a system, and ‘actual’ (geographical) heterogeneity. A case study of estimating heterogeneity for E.E. Leizerovich’s microzoning grid revealed that the ‘actual’ heterogeneity level can be significantly lower than the one, evaluated using traditional calculations. We provide examples of practical use for the coefficient, e.g., it enables to assess the validity of typologies and elaborate more detailed projections for discrete grids (so called ‘small areas’).

Purpose. To substantiate mathematically the tissue-preserving effect on the retinal hexagonal pattern during the laser treatment of active retinopathy of prematurity. Material and methods. At the first stage of the study, a mathematical rationale of the application of a hexagonal pattern was carried out to provide a tissue-sparing effect on the retina compared to the traditional laser coagulation pattern with matrix (rectangular) patterns.The second stage was performed as clinical studies in two groups of patients with an unfavorable course type II and III stages of active ROP. The main group consisted of 44 infants, which underwent hexagonal Fyodorov Journal of Ophthalmic Surgery. 2020;1: 40–46.laser coagulation (7 applications in one «honeycomb» pattern). The control group involved 41 infants who had a matrix laser coagulation (9 applications in one «rectangular» pattern). Results. At the first stage, it was proved that the hexagonal shape of the pattern is mathematically substantiated and ensures a uniform distribution of laser applicates on the spherical surface of the retina due to the equidistant location of the spots inside one pattern and optimal matching of neighboring patterns.As a result of the second stage of research in both groups, a regression after laser treatment was obtained in more than 97% of cases at the ROP stage 2 and in 94% of cases at the ROP stage 3. The total energy load in the main group was less than in the control group. The increase in the inter-spot distance in the hexagonal pattern by 0.25 of the coagulum diameter in comparison with the matrix pattern made it possible to maintain a high clinical efficacy and to ensure tissue-preserving effects on the retina. Conclusion. Optimization of the pattern laser coagulation method using a hexagonal-shaped pattern allows to shorten the duration of the intervention maintaining a high clinical efficacy in the treatment of active ROP.

Understanding the electronic structure of organic/molecular semiconductors and the energetics at their interfaces with metals is critical for organic-based electronics applications. Here we demonst...

Outbreaks of emerging viral pathogens like severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are a major medical challenge. There is a pressing need for antivirals that can be rapidly deployed to curb infection and dissemination. We determined the efficacy of interferon lambda-1 (IFN-λ) as a broad-spectrum antiviral agent to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection and reduce pathology in a mouse model of disease. IFN-λ significantly limited SARS-CoV-2 production in primary human bronchial epithelial cells in culture. Pretreatment of human lung cells with IFN-λ completely blocked infectious virus production, and treatment with IFN-λ at the time of infection inhibited virus production more than 10-fold. To interrogate the protective effects of IFN-λ in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, transgenic mice expressing the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) were tested. One dose of IFN-λ administered intranasally was found to reduce animal morbidity and mortality. Our study with SARS-CoV-2 also revealed a sex differential in disease outcome. Male mice had higher mortality, reflecting the more severe symptoms and mortality found in male patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. The results indicate that IFN-λ potentially can treat early stages of SARS-CoV-2 infection and decrease pathology, and this murine model can be used to investigate the sex differential documented in COVID-19. IMPORTANCE The COVID-19 pandemic has claimed millions of lives worldwide. In this report, we used a preclinical mouse model to investigate the prophylactic and therapeutic value of intranasal IFN-λ for this acute respiratory disease. Specific vaccines have been responsible for curbing the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in developed nations. However, vaccines require time to generate and keep pace with antigenic variants. There is a need for broad-spectrum prophylactic and therapeutic agents to combat new emerging viral pathogens. Our mouse model suggests IFN-λ has clinical utility, and it reflects the well-documented finding that male COVID-19 patients manifest more severe symptoms and mortality. Understanding this sex bias is critical for considering therapeutic approaches to COVID-19.

Wolfram syndrome (WS) 1 is a rare monogenic neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations in the gene encoding WFS1. Knowledge of the pathophysiology of WS is incomplete and to date, there is no treatment available. Here, we describe early deviations in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and bradykinin pathway (kallikrein kinin system, KKS) observed in a rat model of WS (Wfs1 KO) and the modulative effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide (LIR) and anti-epileptic drug valproate (VPA), which have been proven effective in delaying WS progression in WS animal models. We found that the expression of key receptors of the RAAS and KKS, Agtr2 and Bdkrb1, were drastically downregulated both in vitro and in vivo at an early stage in a rat model of WS. Moreover, in Wfs1, KO serum aldosterone levels were substantially decreased and bradykinin levels increased compared to WT animals. Neither treatment nor their combination affected the gene expression levels seen in the Wfs1 KO animals. However, all the treatments elevated serum aldosterone and decreased bradykinin in the Wfs1 KO rats, as well as increasing angiotensin II levels independent of genotype. Altogether, our results indicate that Wfs1 deficiency might disturb the normal functioning of RAAS and KKS and that LIR and VPA have the ability to modulate these systems. ispartof: Genes vol:12 issue:11 ispartof: location:Switzerland status: published

The authors consider the impact of the outbreak of a new coronavirus in China in the article and assess its impact on international trade, primarily on China’s exports. It is emphasized that the development of the epidemic led to the shutdown of many factories, disrupted the traditional supply of goods from China to other states, primarily to the United States and European countries. This seriously aff ects the dynamics of data on China’s economic growth, as well as the functioning of global production chains, violates all production and marketing cooperation agreements, and forces importers to start looking for alternative sources of supply in other countries.

The processing technique for microwave p–i–n diodes based on SiC (silicon carbide) has been developed. Based on these diodes, switches in the 3-cm range have been fabricated. It has been shown that the working power of the developed switches is about 10 times higher than that based on Si diodes at the same base thickness, which is equal to 5 μm. The ways of further improvement of the processing technique of these devices have been suggested.

A description of 13 clinical cases of acute focal bacterial nephritis in children aged from 1 year to 4 years and 8 months (2.6±1.1 years), made up 1,61% from hospitalized for acute urinary tract infections in accordance with existing ideas about this pathology, is presented.Acute focal bacterial nephritis is a rare variant of acute pyelonephritis that can transform into a purulent process, accompanied by nonspecific signs of acute urinary infection with persistent fever and signs of a systemic inflammatory response, which is recognized by visualization technologies. Ultrasound investigation in the case of acute focal bacterial nephritis usually reveals focuses of hyper-echogenicity of one of the kidneys and/ or signs of nephromegaly. The reserve method for diagnosing pathology is the computerized tomography. Adequate treatment of acute focal bacterial nephritis must include mandatory intravenous administration of antibiotics for at least 3 weeks , which allows for a favorable outcome of the disease.

Introduction. Pulmonary atelectasis that occur in the chest organs exposed to radiation is often accompanied by the development of radiation alveolitis, fibrosis, and respiratory failure. Different forms of alveolitis cause severe disturbance of the structure of alveolocytes. However, the effect of radiation on the vascular compartment of pulmonary tissue, bronchioles and alveolocytes, and intercellular structures in the formation of atelectasis was not studied in detail. The importance of quantitative and qualitative changes in pulmonary surfactant (PS) in the development of atelectasis was understudied. The aim of the work was to explore the development of pulmonary atelectasis in rats after radiation exposure. Materials and methods. The study was carried out on 60 male Wistar rats aged 8-9 weeks, body weight 200-220 g. Single local irradiation of animals under Nembutal anesthesia (40 mg / kg weight) was carried out by the RUM-17 apparatus (voltage 200 kV, current 15 mA, filters 0.5 mm Cu + 1.0 mm Al, skin-focal length 25 cm) at a dose of 12 Gy. Phospholipids (PL) in pulmonary surfactant were quantitatively determined in lavage fluid extracted from the rat lung. The material was examined histologically (hematoxylin and eosin, alcian blue, picrofuchsin according to Van Gieson) and under transmission electron microscope. The thickness of the epithelial lining of bronchioles, the average diameter of the nuclei of epithelial cells of bronchioles and the thickness of the interalveolar partitions were calculated morphometrically on control samples at different time periods after exposure to ionizing radiation. Results. Atelectasis occurred at the early stages of the experiment is surfactant-dependent, which is confirmed by the decreased amount of PS and PL in lavage fluid. The formation of atelectasis in later periods is caused by the obturation, narrowing of the lumen of the bronchi and bronchioles due to thickening of the epithelial lining and pronounced bronchial bronchoconstriction. Conclusion. Understanding the mechanisms of development of atelectasis is necessary in order to prevent the pathology described above and reduce the risk of complications. Keywords: atelectasis, distelectasis, morphometry, radiation fibrosis, radiation alveolitis

White light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) have aroused great attention due to their potential technological applications. In this work, we present two new Zn(ii) anthracene-linker-driven coordination polymers that exhibit intrinsic white-light emission. The emission covers the whole visible spectrum at room temperature. The chromaticity coordinates of the broadband emission can be tuned under external stimuli, including thermal and mechanical grinding. The obtained coordination polymer materials emit a "warm" white light at room temperature suitable for indoor lighting applications as well as a "cold" white light at the cryogenic temperature. Hence, the well-defined structures and mechanically tunable emission provide an excellent opportunity for realizing their potential as white emitters in optoelectronics.

The results from an experimental study of crosstalk interference between twisted pairs of conductors of an electrical wire bundle model are presented. The aim of the study is to determine the crosstalk interference levels in a shielded twisted pair of conductors when there is heterogeneity in the form of a gap between the shield of bundle conductors and the electrical connector body. The studies were carried out on the electrical wire bundle mockup consisting of shielded and unshielded twisted pairs of conductors. The unshielded twisted pair of conductors was used as a source of crosstalk interference. The shielded twisted pair of conductors had a gap between the shield of conductors and the electrical connector body and was a receptor for the crosstalk interference. To study the crosstalk interference levels, the gap length of the shielded twisted pair of conductors was varied. As a result of the study, the crosstalk interference levels for gaps of different lengths were determined. The effect of an electrically conducting connection made using a jumper in the gap between the shield of a twisted pair of conductors and the electrical connector body of the electrical wire bundle mockup on the crosstalk interference levels was studied. A comparative analysis of the results obtained from measurements of the crosstalk interference levels in a shielded twisted pair of conductors with heterogeneities in the form of gaps of different lengths with the crosstalk interference levels in a shielded twisted pair of conductors with a homogeneous shield is carried out. A conclusion about the need to ensure connection of the shields of electrical bundle conductors with the bodies od electrical connectors without gaps has been formulated.

The article presents the arguments justifying the need for special preventive conversations that will contribute to the formation of skills of safe behavior in cyberspace in preschool children. The issues of safe behavior on the Internet — in relation to preschool children. The relevance and importance of lecture and educational work on the competent use of a computer and the Internet environment is shown.

The article studies current trends in Moscow population in context of socio- economic polarization strengthening between the capital city and other regions of the country. The study applies multiscale approach covering Moscow influence on Central Russia and other regions, interaction with the Moscow oblast and the level of internal population distribution within Moscow and particular settlements and villages in New Moscow territories. The gap in development is significantly noticeable for expanding Moscow and Moscow oblast against the background of depopulation in Central Russia regions and cities. Within the boundaries of Moscow the continuing model of extensive spatial growth of population has led to the most rapid growth of its periphery zone. Areas similar to bedroom communities in Old Moscow are forming in the municipalities of New Moscow located along the Moscow ring road (MKAD) and main radial highways, while large part of the new territories remain a typical countryside with villages and summer residents. Analysis of New Moscow suburban areas reveals the actual land use mosaics obscured by the official delimitation of Moscow and Moscow oblast and the formal division of population into urban and rural.

The article presents the results of the sociological research conducted in the framework of the Federal project “Personnel Potential”, which aimed at assessing the factors and conditions of employment of the graduates of Moscow universities. The relevance of this study is determined by the fact that every year, after graduation from higher educational institutions, the labor market has too much of the supply of highly skilled labor usually without work experience. The study of motivation that determines the search and choice of jobs by contemporary graduates, of their claims to the content and payment of their work, of their readiness for professional mobility can help to take necessary measures to reduce this problem. The article is based on the data of the research focused on girls who study or have recently graduated from Moscow universities. The results of the survey show that the choice of place of work is determined by a set of subjective and objective factors: future wages, career opportunities, prospects for professional and personal growth, and stability of the company. The authors identified three groups of factors that play a major, secondary and minor role in the girls’ choice of place to work. Salary is the leading motive of employment: the claims for high payment are typical for students and young professionals in the fields of natural sciences, information-mathematical and technical sciences, to a lesser extent - for representatives of humanities, culture and art. The empirical data proved the hypothesis that students of all educational profiles are ready to achieve financial well-being through labor migration.

The article is dedicated to the memory of Hero of Socialist Labor, the USSR State Prize Laureate, Honored Scientist of the RSFSR, Professor V.V. Volkov. The authors reviewed his life path, clinical, scientific, and educational activities.

The study was the first to assess the adaptation mechanisms disorders of the adrenals of calves in acute cryptosporidiosis. The cryptosporidiosis in patients with symptoms of diarrhea in the farms of the Republic of Tatarstan was diagnosed through formalin-ether sedimentation and following staining of infectious agents by Ziehl-Neelsen acid fast staining method. For specific identification of cryptosporidium in the feces of calves, an enzyme immunoassay kit, “H&R Crypto Rapid Test”, was used to detect cryptosporidium in feces. The agents of cryptosporidiosis of the genus Cryptosporidium were determined in pathological material taken from sick and dead at the age of 5 to 10 days calves. Histological examination of the organs and tissues of calves with the cryptosporidiosis were carried out using generally accepted method of staining of histological sections with hematoxylin and eosin. Structural studies of adrenal cortex and medulla of calves with the cryptosporidiosis revealed significant changes in synthesized hormonal products profiles. The characteristics of intense glucocorticoid biosynthesis were found in the adrenal cortex at the height of disease, as shown by a sharp expansion in zona fasciculate of the cortex, numerous small and large vacuoles in the cytoplasm of spongiocytes and enhanced profiles of capillary net. Intense excretion of glucocorticoids in hemocirculation maximally activated the catabolic processes in the organisms of sick calves. Small number of adrenocorticocytes, the predominance of small hyperchromic nuclei in them and the absence of characteristics of mitotic activity were not edinzona glomerulosa of the cortex that corresponded to the morphological equivalent of retardation of mineralcorticodes biosynthesis. There had been a dramatic increase in cells with characteristics of apotosis among adrenocorticocytes in all zones of the cortex, including the small in width reticular zone. The small catecholamine-synthesizing cells in the medullary area were represented predominantly by small with sharply clarified cytoplasm and small rounded adrenocytes nuclei and by significantly smaller amount of larger noradrenocytes. The found pathological changes in the cortex and medulla of the adrenals characterized the increase of catabolic processes, vascular, metabolic disorders in organisms of calves with the cryptosporidiosis. In view of disorders of adaptation mechanisms and limited plastic resources, a fast death was observed in newborn calves.

Aims: Chemoradiation (CRT) is the standard treatment for locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC). However part of the patients develop recurrence during the first year after treatment despite good visible effect at the first follow-up. The role of completion surgery after radiotherapy (RT) is still debated. A number of papers have showed that up to 60% of patients have residual tumor after CRT and RT. But such a surgery is not widely recommended because of increased morbidity of the treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the results of surgery after radiotherapy of LACC. Method: We retrospectively evaluated data on 86 patients with cervical cancer IB - IIIB stages (mostly stage IIB) who underwent surgery in different modalities after CRT and RT with good clinical response in our department in 2015-2018. Results: When small asymptomatic residual disease was detected early after radiotherapy radical hysterectomy was feasible in most of the cases. Patients with clinical manifestation of recurrence had very poor prognosis. Surgery of recurrent cervical cancer sufficiently deteriorates quality of life, even if possible. Conclusion: Thorough examination with adding MRI imaging after initial treatment of cervical cancer needed to identify patients who may benefit from adjuvant hysterectomy.

This article aims to reveal trends and tools of human resources practices that significantly impact the labor market in the Republic of Chuvash. We used comparative patterns and analyses and generalizations and interpretation of the results of a sociological study. Official statistics of recent years, materials and analytical studies of online recruitment portals, results of a sociological research in companies and offices of the republic were used. The study revealed misalignment of development programs of different levels for industries, regions, municipalities, companies and private agencies; a formal approach to compiling or eliminating HR-related sections in programs in general. One third of the companies surveyed do not have development strategies and almost the same number have only formal planning. The HR policy of most agencies and companies surveyed is a combination of their passive and responsive policies.

One of the challenges of the modern business process management theory is that it lacks a formal method for analyzing the design workflows and algorithms presented based on the graphic languages, which could have linear computational complexity and take into account the concept of "time". The authors present an automated method for interpreting the design workflows in the software development field. The method is based on the temporal automaton RVTI-grammar, which takes into account the "time" and "clock" concepts. It differs from the existing methods in a linear design workflows interpretation time based on the visual language and allows for a finite time to perform step-by-step workflow analysis, represented in the form of algorithm diagrams. An example of such a diagram in the EPC language is given, its step-by-step interpretation is described.

This paper provides the investigation of the liquid cooling system of power-electronic high-voltage assembly. There is one of the most important tasks in electrical engineering to provide the efficient cooling of different devices. In this way, the cooling of power electronic devices is very important too. The cooling system in question was designed to dissipate about 10 kW of thermal energy. Meanwhile, the electrical power rectifier in question in this paper emits near the 9 kW of thermal energy. The thermal dissipation in the cooling system much depends on the type of cool agent. The mercury was taken as a cool agent.

We present Boundary IoU (Intersection-over-Union), a new segmentation evaluation measure focused on boundary quality. We perform an extensive analysis across different error types and object sizes and show that Boundary IoU is significantly more sensitive than the standard Mask IoU measure to boundary errors for large objects and does not over-penalize errors on smaller objects. The new quality measure displays several desirable characteristics like symmetry w.r.t. prediction/ground truth pairs and balanced responsiveness across scales, which makes it more suitable for segmentation evaluation than other boundary-focused measures like Trimap IoU and F-measure. Based on Boundary IoU, we update the standard evaluation protocols for instance and panoptic segmentation tasks by proposing the Boundary AP (Average Precision) and Boundary PQ (Panoptic Quality) metrics, respectively. Our experiments show that the new evaluation metrics track boundary quality improvements that are generally overlooked by current Mask IoU-based evaluation metrics. We hope that the adoption of the new boundary-sensitive evaluation metrics will lead to rapid progress in segmentation methods that improve boundary quality., Comment: CVPR 2021, project page: https://bowenc0221.github.io/boundary-iou

The voltage stabilization systems are often used in electrotechnical complexes. Paper describes design a mathematical model of the system of automatic regulation of an active front-end (AFE) operating in generator mode. The main task of the control is to stabilize of limited power electrical grid when the load is connected to it in parallel. Note that the active front-end AFE model is made as four-wire semiconductor device with eight transistors connected to the reactor. The AFE control system is a control system in a rotating d-q reference frame with a rotation frequency equal to the network frequency. The control system consists of a channel for regulating the current at the output of the AFE and a channel for regulating the network voltage by controlling the phase and amplitude of the EMF of the AFE. The proposed model allows to stabilize voltage in a limited power electrical grid when a load is included in it. This makes it possible to ensure the stable operation of the entire system.

Electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation inside and along the surface of the human body is the subject of active research in the field of biomedical applications of microwaves. This research area is the basis for wireless monitoring of biological object parameters and characteristics. Solutions to the following problems are crucial for achieving the stated goals in the area of wireless monitoring: EM wave propagation inside and on-body surface. The biological object monitoring is based on a consideration of the following problems: (i) dielectric properties of a biological issue; (ii) EM wave propagation in biological medium; (iii) propagation of EM waves across the boundary of two media (biological medium–air): wave reflection and refraction; (iv) EM wave propagation in a multilayer biological medium; (v) EM wave propagation along the plane or curved surface of biological objects.