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BackgroundPre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) and Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) are key to preventing sexual transmission of HIV, whose sexual partners are at high risk of acquiring HIV.We aimed to determine the factors associated with PrEP and PEP’s knowledge as secondary prevention among people living with HIV/AIDS.MethodCross-sectional analytical study carried out among people living with HIV/AIDS treated at five specialized services in the city of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. Data were collected from July 2016 to July 2017. Individual interviews were conducted. We used multivariable logistic regression to determine factors associated with knowing PrEP and PEP.ResultsOf the 397 participants, 140 (35.26%) were heterosexual women aged 40 to 49 years (36.2%).Participants with less than 11 years of study (adjusted odds: 0.29; 95% CI: 0.13–0.60); who did not have a low viral load or did not know their viral load (adjusted odds: 0.29; 95% CI: 0.09–0.83) and those with casual partners (adjusted odds: 0.29; 95% CI: 0.09–0.83) were less likely to know about the PrEP. MSM (adjusted odds: 2.88; 95% CI: 1.59–5.3) and those who used alcohol during sexual intercourse (adjusted odds: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.0–2.8) were more likely to know about the PEP.ConclusionsThe knowledge about PEP and PrEP is low in Brazil. This may undermine secondary prevention efforts. Educational interventions to raise awareness of these prevention methods are needed among people living with HIV and who have HIV-negative sexual partners.

Introduction: HIV infection as a chronic disease has emerged from treatment advances over the past three decades. From this perspective, the diseases associated with AIDS are not a main threat for patients who use Antiretroviral Therapy (ART). A new set of HIV associated complications have emerged resulting in comorbidities related to aging and ART exposure as cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study aimed to evaluate the cardiovascular risk factors in people living with HIV (PLWH) in Brazil. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study carried out at all Specialized Care Services for people living with HIV in the Southeast of Brazil. A sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire was used and cardiovascular risk assessed through the Framingham Score. Data analysis was performed by Chi-square, Fisher’s exact test and logistic regression. Results: The majority were male, over 40 years old and they showed a mean age of 44 years. Current hypertension, diabetes, altered body mass index, presence of metabolic syndrome and altered abdominal circumference were also associated with cardiovascular risk. After regression analysis, male sex, older age, smoking, diabetes, hypertension and metabolic syndrome were related as predictive factors for a higher cardiovascular risk. Conclusions: The results demonstrate that combination of the prevention of modifiable risk factors with considerable changes in lifestyle are determining factors for success in the therapeutic of PLWH. High levels of motivation are essential for behavioral changes, and nurses are ideally position to provide safe care with nonpharmacological strategies for CVD risk reduction.

Background The COVID-19 pandemic presented important challenges for the education of nursing students to provide health care with competence, quality, and safety. Objectives The purpose was to analyze knowledge, behavior, and perception of risk regarding COVID-19 and associated factors. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 2637 Brazilian undergraduate nursing students using a self-reported online survey. Results Students' knowledge about COVID-19 in general was considered inadequate. Students had limited knowledge about preventive measures in the hospital environment and recommendations for aerosol precautions. More than 90% of graduates adopted recommended prevention measures, and 86.1% perceived themselves to be at a greater risk of acquired SARS-CoV-2 during clinical practice. Conclusions The results show the need to rethink undergraduate nursing education regarding the prevention and control of infectious diseases, including the most appropriate strategies for COVID-19 prevention measures.

The objective of this study was to identify the factors associated with the non-disclosure of HIV seropositivity among people living with HIV/AIDS undergoing antiretroviral treatment. A cross-sectional study was carried out in five HIV clinics in the interior of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine independent predictors of HIV status disclosure. It was found that 68.5% revealed their HIV seropositivity to their most recent sexual partner. The variables "casual partner" [OR 19.08, 95% CI (4.08, 20.23), p = 0.001], "sexual partners with negative HIV or unknown HIV" [OR 4.54, 95% CI (1.58, 1.01), p = 0.005], "multiple sexual partners" [OR = 3.17, 95% CI (1.34, 7.35), p = 0.009], and "lack of communication with the partner on HIV prevention"[OR = 8.3, 95% CI (3.88, 16.61), p = 0.001] were independently associated with non-disclosure of the diagnosis. Future HIV prevention interventions should encourage open communication between sexual partners.El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los factores asociados con la no divulgación de la seropositividad al VIH entre las personas que viven con el VIH / SIDA en tratamiento antirretroviral. Se realizó un estudio transversal en cinco clínicas de VIH en el interior del estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Se utilizó un análisis de regresión logística para determinar predictores independientes de la revelación del estado del VIH. Se encontró que el 68,5% reveló su seropositividad al VIH a su pareja sexual más reciente. Las variables "pareja casual" [OR 19,08, IC 95% (4,08, 20,23), p = 0,001], "parejas sexuales con VIH negativo o VIH desconocido" [OR 4,54,95% IC 95% (1,58, 1,01), p = 0,005], "múltiples parejas sexuales" [OR 3,17, IC del 95% (1,34, 7,35), p = 0,009] y "falta de comunicación con la pareja sobre la prevención del VIH" [OR 8,3, IC 95% (3,88, 16,61), p = 0,001] se asociaron de forma independiente con la no divulgación del diagnóstico. Las futuras intervenciones de prevención del VIH deberían fomentar la comunicación abierta entre las parejas sexuales.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

BackgroundInfection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) compromises the immune system of infected people. Homeless people are more vulnerable to HIV infection due to behavioral and sexual factors. The main objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of infection by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in homeless people in a capital of Northeastern Brazil. MethodsCross-sectional study carried out at the Reference Center for the homeless population (Centro Pop), in a capital of Northeastern Brazil, from September/2017 to September/2018. Data collected through a semi-structured form including socio-demographic data, risk and sexual behaviors and anti-HIV serology. Data were analyzed using Person's Chi-square test. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee (CEP) of the Federal University of Piauí. ResultsA prevalence of 3.9% was detected among the 204 homeless people investigated,, that is, 8-204 of anti-HIV reagent, with statistical significance in relation to sexual practice with people of the same sex p ≤ 0.012 and previous sexually transmitted infection (STI) p ≤ 0.002. There was a predominance of males 87.3%, 66.0% were over thirty years of age, 58.3% had less than 12 years of schooling, 84.8% declared they were non-white, 57.3% had no fixed income, 67.0% professed religion, 89.7% declared to be heterosexual, 71.5% did not use a condom during the first sexual intercourse, 28.4% had had sexual intercourse with people of the same sex, and 41.0% had a history of STI. ConclusionsHIV prevalence was higher than in people in the general population. Results show an association between history of any STI and more time on the streets. And also risk behaviors such as high consumption of alcohol and other drugs, low frequency of condom use, increased number of sexual partners.

This study aimed to evaluate unprotected receptive anal sex intercourse (URAI) rates and vulnerabilities to HIV infection among men who have sex with men (MSM) that use geosocial networking dating apps in Brazil. An online, analytical, cross-sectional study was carried out with 2,250 MSM. The analyzed variables were grouped according to domains of vulnerability and analyzed by bi and multivariate statistics to calculate the Adjusted Odds Ratios (aOR). The prevalence of self-reported HIV was 7.1%; and of URAI, 23.4%. The studied variables that increased the chances of engaging in URAI were: identifying as homosexual (aOR = 8.30; 95%CI = 5.68:12.04), pansexual (aOR = 5.01; 95%CI = 2.04:12.38), or bisexual (aOR = 3.14; 95%CI = 2.03:4.80), using apps for obtaining sex (aOR = 1.3; 95%CI = 1.0:1.5), engaging in group sex (aOR = 1.6; 95%CI = 1.3:2.0), and reporting chemsex (aOR = 1.5; 95%CI = 1.1:2.0). Self-reported positive HIV status was associated with: less than a minimum wage income (aOR = 1.78; 95%CI = 1.22:2.58), lower education (aOR = 1.86; 95%CI = 1.31 CI; 2,64), not knowing the partner’s HIV status (aOR = 1.84; 95%CI = 1.06:3.19), practicing group sex (aOR = 1.67; 95%CI = 1.04; 2.68), and chemsex (aOR = 2.03; 95%CI =1.06:3.19). The applications interaction is shaped by their own users to better meet their desires and needs. However, this behavior exposes individuals to HIV vulnerabilities.

Objective: to analyze the relationship between affective and sexual experiences and the intensity of physical and psychological symptoms of older adults. Methods: observational, cross-sectional and analytical study, guided by the STROBE tool, carried out in a geriatric outpatient clinic. Sociodemographic and health questionnaire, Affective and Sexual Experiences Scale for Elderly, Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale were used. Descriptive statistical analysis and Spearman correlation were performed. Results: forty-five older adults participated, with a mean age of 73.8 years; most (91.1%) were married. The highest averages of symptom intensity were pain (4.9), anxiety (4.8), drowsiness (4.5), and a feeling of well-being (4.5). There was a negative correlation between sadness and the dimensions of sexual activity and affective relationships (rs=-0.365; p=0.014 and rs=-0.386; p=0.009) and between anxiety and sexual activity (rs=-0.308; p=0.040). Conclusion: as sadness increases, affective and sexual experiences are less. The greater the anxiety intensity, the lower the sexual experiences. RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar la relación entre las experiencias afectivas y sexuales y la intensidad de los síntomas físicos y psicológicos de las personas mayores. Métodos: estudio observacional, transversal y analítico, guiado por la herramienta STROBE, realizado en un ambulatorio geriátrico. Se utilizó: cuestionario sociodemográfico y de salud; Escala de Experiencias Afectivas y Sexuales del Adulto Mayor; Escala de síntomas de Edmonton. Se realizó análisis estadístico descriptivo y correlación de Spearman. Resultados: participaron 45 ancianos, con una edad media de 73,8 años y la mayoría (91,1%) casados. Los mayores promedios de intensidad de los síntomas fueron dolor (4,9), ansiedad (4,8), somnolencia (4,5) y sensación de bienestar (4,5). Hubo una correlación negativa entre la tristeza y las dimensiones del acto sexual y las relaciones afectivas (rs=-0,365; p=0,014 y rs=-0,386; p=0,009) y entre la ansiedad y el acto sexual (rs=-0,308; p=0,040). Conclusión: a medida que aumenta la tristeza, las experiencias afectivas y sexuales son menores. Cuanto mayor es la intensidad de la ansiedad, menores son las experiencias sexuales. RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a relação entre as vivências afetivas e sexuais e a intensidade de sintomas físicos e psicológicos dos idosos. Métodos: estudo observacional, transversal e analítico, norteado pela ferramenta STROBE, realizado em um ambulatório de geriatria. Utilizou-se: questionário sociodemográfico e de saúde; Escala de Vivências Afetivas e Sexuais do Idoso; Escala de Sintomas de Edmonton. Realizou-se análise estatística descritiva e correlação de Spearman. Resultados: participaram 45 idosos com média de idade 73,8 anos e a maioria (91,1%) casada. As maiores médias de intensidade de sintomas foram dor (4,9), ansiedade (4,8), sonolência (4,5) e sensação de bem-estar (4,5). Houve correlação negativa entre tristeza e as dimensões ato sexual e relações afetivas (rs=-0,365; p=0,014 e rs=-0,386; p=0,009) e entre ansiedade e ato sexual (rs=-0,308; p=0,040). Conclusão: à medida que aumenta a tristeza, são menores as vivências afetivas e sexuais. Quanto maior a intensidade de ansiedade, menores são as vivências sexuais.

Objetivo: Descrever a qualidade de vida de pessoas com coinfecção por HIV e hepatite C. Método: Revisão sistemática norteada pela pergunta: “Como é a qualidade de vida de pessoas que vivem com coinfecção HIV/HCV?” Empregou-se a estratégia PECO para a seleção de descritores nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol, permitindo a busca bibliográfica em abril de 2021 nas bases de dados Embase, Scopus, PubMed, CINAHL, Academic Search Premier, SocINDEX e LILACS sem delimitação de período de publicação. Dois revisores independentes realizaram a seleção dos estudos e extração de dados. Resultados: Foram identificadas 1.536 publicações, das quais 14 foram incluídas nesta revisão. Identificou-se que pessoas com coinfecção por HIV/HCV possuem diversos domínios da qualidade de vida prejudicados, sendo pior quando comparada à população geral sem morbidades, bem como às pessoas com monoinfecção por HIV ou hepatite C. Identificou-se também que o tratamento para hepatite C em pessoas com coinfecção apresenta um aspecto importante para a melhoria da qualidade de vida, especialmente em pacientes com resposta virológica sustentada e em tratamentos livres de interferon e ribavirina. Conclusão: O estudo mostrou que pessoas com coinfecção por HIV/hepatite C têm sua qualidade de vida prejudicada em aspectos que variam desde domínios físicos até sociais, portanto, a abordagem da qualidade de vida dessas pessoas deve ser implementada nos serviços de saúde, a fim de contribuir para a ressignificação de viver com duas doenças crônicas e reorientar a assistência para os aspectos mais afetados por estas pessoas.

Background After HIV diagnosis, people maintain, reestablish their sexual lives, or build new relationships, often with HIV seronegative partners. Therefore, understanding the factors concerning couple-vulnerability is essential in order to design effective HIV preventive strategies. We examined HIV serodiscordant couples prevalence and their associated factors from a Brazilian city. Methods This is a cross-sectional analytical study carried out with people living with HIV (PLHIV) who had an active sex life and were engagement in HIV health care follow-up. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire during individual interviews. We analyzed data using bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses. Results There was 72.0% of HIV serodiscordant partnerships. Those who inconsistently used condoms (aOR: 0.3[0.13–0.7]) and/or had HIV detectable viral load (aOR: 0.29 [0.12–0.7]) were less likely to have an HIV serodiscordant sexual partner. On other hand, the lack of HIV transmission counseling by the health service (aOR: 5.08 [2.02–12.76]), or those who had a casual partner (aOR: 8.12 [1.7–38.8]) or a steady and casual one concomitantly (aOR: 24.82 [1.46–420.83]), were more likely to indicate an HIV serodiscordant partnership. Conclusion The findings showed a high prevalence of serodiscordant partnerships in PLHIV. Greater visibility among couples in the health services is needed as well as a reassessment in order to provide PLHIV and their sexual partners with care strategies, by the health professionals.

Objective: to analyze the scientific evidence available on the different reprocessing methods and the necessary conditions for reuse of the N95 face respirator mask or equivalent. Method: an integrative literature review. The PICO strategy was used to elaborate the question. The search was conducted in four databases: PubMed, SciVerse Scopus, WebofScience and EMBASE, considering any period of time. Results: a total of 32 studies were included from the 561 studies identified, and they were presented in two categories: “Conditions for reuse” and “Reprocessing the masks”. Of the evaluated research studies, seven(21.8%) addressed the reuse of the N95 face respirator mask or equivalent and 25(78.1%) evaluated different reprocessing methods, namely: ultraviolet germicidal irradiation(14); hydrogen peroxide(8); vapor methods(14); using dry heat(5) and chemical methods(sodium hypochlorite[6], ethanol[4] and sodium chloride with sodium bicarbonate and dimethyldioxirane[1]). We emphasize that different methods were used in one same article. Conclusion: no evidence was found to support safe reprocessing of face respirator masks. In addition, reuse is contraindicated due to the risk of self-contamination and inadequate sealing. Objetivo: analizar la evidencia científica disponible sobre los diferentes métodos de reprocesamiento y las condiciones necesarias para la reutilización de una mascarilla respiratoria facial N95 o equivalente. Método: revisión integradora de la literatura. Para elaborar la pregunta se utilizó la estrategia PICO. La búsqueda se realizó en cuatro bases de datos PubMed, Sci Verse Scopus, Web of Science y EMBASE sin límite de tiempo. Resultados: de los 561 estudios identificados 32 fueron incluidos y presentados en dos categorías: “condiciones de reutilización” y “reprocesamiento de mascarillas”. De las investigaciones evaluadas, siete (21,8%) abordaron la reutilización de la mascarilla respiratoria facial N95 o equivalente y 25 (78,1%) evaluaron diferentes métodos de reprocesamiento: irradiación germicida ultravioleta (14); peróxido de hidrógeno (8); métodos de vapor (14); uso de calor seco (5) y métodos químicos hipoclorito de sodio (6), etanol (4) y cloruro de sodio con bicarbonato de sodio y dimetildioxirano (1). Cabe destacar que en un mismo artículo se utilizaron métodos diferentes. Conclusión: no se encontró evidencia que apoye el reprocesamiento seguro de las mascarillas respiratorias. Además, la reutilización está contraindicada debido al riesgo de autocontaminación y sellado inadecuado. Objetivo: analisar as evidências científicas disponíveis sobre os diferentes métodos de reprocessamento e as condições necessárias para reuso de máscara respiratória facial do tipo N95 ou equivalente. Método: revisão integrativa da literatura. Para elaboração da questão foi utilizada a estratégia PICO. A busca ocorreu em quatro bases de dados PubMed, Sci Verse Scopus, Web of Science e EMBASE considerando qualquer período de tempo. Resultados: foram incluídos 32 estudos dos 561 identificados e apresentados em duas categorias: “condições para reuso” e “reprocessamento das máscaras”. Das pesquisas avaliadas, sete (21,8%) abordaram o reuso da máscara respiratória facial do tipo N95 ou equivalente e 25 (78,1%) avaliaram diferentes métodos de reprocessamento: irradiação germicida ultravioleta (14); peróxido de hidrogênio (8); métodos a vapor (14); utilização do calor seco (5) e métodos químicos (hipoclorito de sódio (6), etanol (4) e cloreto de sódio com bicarbonato de sódio e dimetildioxirano (1). Destacamos que um mesmo artigo utilizou diferentes métodos. Conclusão: não foram encontradas evidências que sustentam o reprocessamento seguro de máscaras respiratórias faciais. Ainda, o reuso é contraindiciado devido ao risco de autocontaminação e vedação inadequada.

Objective To identify overweight and obesity and as associated variables in people living with HIV. Method Cross-sectional, quantitative and analytical study, developed in specialized services in southeastern Brazil. Individual specifics were carried out from 2014 to 2016. Pearson's Chi-Square test, Logistic Regression and OddsRatio (OR) were used. Results Of the 340 respondents, 47.7% were overweight. The highest abdominal circumferences and lipid changes were predominantly among the highest body mass index (BMI). The greatest chances of obtaining BMI values>25 kg/m² were among men (OR: 1.87; 95% CI: 1.02-2.42), having metabolic syndrome (OR: 5.66; 95% CI: 3.26-9.83) and the undue (OR: 3.89; 95% CI: 2.17-7.00). However, having self-reported hypertension was configured as a protective factor (OR: 0.18; 95% CI: 0.08-0.44). Conclusion The frequency of obesity and overweight between PLHIV was high. There was an association of male gender, metabolic syndrome and smoking with weight gain. The presence of self-reported hypertension was considered a protective factor. RESUMEN Objetivo Identificar el sobrepeso y la obesidad y como variables asociadas en personas que viven con el VIH. Método Estudio transversal, cuantitativo y analítico, desarrollado en servicios especializados en el sureste de Brasil. Se realizaron especificidades individuales de 2014 a 2016. Se utilizaron la prueba de Chi-Cuadrado de Pearson, Regresión logística y OddsRatio (OR). Resultados De los 340 encuestados, el 47,7% tenía sobrepeso. Las circunferencias abdominales más altas y los cambios de lípidos se encontraban predominantemente entre los índices de masa corporal (IMC) más altos. Las mayores probabilidades de obtener valores de IMC>25 kg/m² se dieron entre los hombres (OR: 1,87; IC del 95%: 1,02-2,42), con síndrome metabólico (OR: 5,66; IC 95%: 3,26-9,83) y lo indebido (OR: 3,89; IC 95%: 2,17-7,00). Sin embargo, tener hipertensión arterial sistémica autoinformada se configuró como un factor protector (OR: 0,18; IC del 95%: 0,08-0,44). Conclusión la frecuencia de obesidad y sobrepeso entre PVVIH fue alta. Hubo una asociación de sexo masculino, síndrome metabólico y tabaquismo con aumento de peso. La presencia de hipertensión arterial sistémica autoinformada se consideró un factor protector. RESUMO Objetivo Identificar sobrepeso e obesidade e as variáveis associadas em pessoas que vivem com o HIV. Método Estudo transversal, quantitativo e analítico, desenvolvido em serviços especializados no sudeste do Brasil. Realizaram-se entrevistas individuais de 2014 a 2016. Utilizou-se o teste de Qui-Quadrado de Pearson, Regressão Logística e o OddsRatio (OR). Resultados Dos 340 entrevistados, 47,7% estavam acima do peso. As maiores circunferências abdominais e alterações lipídicas estavam predominantemente entre os maiores índices de massa corporal (IMC). As maiores chances de se obter valores do IMC>25 kg/m² estavam entre homens (OR:1,87;IC95%:1,02-2,42), ter síndrome metabólica (OR:5,66;IC95%:3,26-9,83) e os fumantes (OR:3,89;IC95%:2,17-7,00). Entretanto, ter hipertensão arterial sistêmica autodeclarada, configurou-se como fator de proteção (OR:0,18;IC95%:0,08-0,44). Conclusão A frequência de obesidade e sobrepeso entre PVHIV foi elevada. Houve associação do sexo masculino, síndrome metabólica e o hábito de fumar do aumento de peso. A presença de HAS autodeclarada foi considerada fator de proteção.

Objectives: Validate script and storyboard of a video for educational intervention on nursing care for the prevention and management of syphilis. Methods: Methodological design study, with quantitative analysis approach. The content and appearance of the educational video script and storyboard was validated by a committee of experts on the subject and video. They were considered validated from the agreement of 78%, calculated by means of the Content Validity Index. Results: There were suggestions, which were analyzed; and, where relevant, the script and storyboard were changed. The degree of agreement among the expert judges on the subject obtained a Content Validity Index (CVI) of 100%, while, with the technical experts in video, all the questions in the educational material obtained the percentage above the recommended minimum of 78%. Conclusion: The validated video is an important technological production and could be used in the context of health care. RESUMEN Objetivos: Para validar el guion y el storyboard de un vídeo para la intervención educativa sobre la asistencia de enfermería que pretende la prevención y el manejo de la sífilis. Métodos: Estudio de la delineación metodológica, con abordaje del análisis cuantitativo. Se realizó la validación del contenido y del aspecto del guion y el storyboard del vídeo educativo para un comité de especialistas en la temática y del vídeo. Se validaron a partir de la concordancia de 78%, calculada por medio del Índice de Validez de Contenido. Resultados: Hubo sugerencias, que se analizaron; y, cuando pertinentes, el guion y el storyboard se modificaron. El grado de concordancia entre los jueces especialistas en la temática obtuvo un Índice de Validez de Contenido (IVC) de 100%, mientras, con los técnicos especialistas en video, todos los quesitos del material educativo obtuvieron el porcentual arriba del mínimo recomendado de 78%. Conclusión: El video validado constituye una importante producción tecnológica y podrá ser utilizado en el contexto de la atención a la salud. RESUMO Objetivos: Validar roteiro e storyboard de um vídeo para intervenção educativa sobre assistência de enfermagem visando à prevenção e manejo da sífilis. Métodos: Estudo de delineamento metodológico, com abordagem de análise quantitativa. Foi realizada validação de conteúdo e aparência do roteiro e storyboard do vídeo educativo por um comitê de especialistas na temática e em vídeo. Consideraram-se validados a partir da concordância de 78%, calculada por meio do Índice de Validade de Conteúdo. Resultados: Houve sugestões, que foram analisadas; e, quando pertinentes, o roteiro e storyboard foram alterados. O grau de concordância entre os juízes especialistas na temática obteve um Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC) de 100%, enquanto, com os técnicos especialistas em vídeo, todos os quesitos do material educativo obtiveram o percentual acima do mínimo recomendado de 78%. Conclusão: O vídeo validado constitui-se em uma importante produção tecnológica e poderá ser utilizado no contexto da assistência à saúde.

Background: Populations living in subnormal agglomerates in urban areas are more vulnerable to infections, including sexually transmitted infections (STIs). In these groups, inadequate knowledge about sexually transmitted infections can further increase the risk of contracting STIs. Aim: We investigated the factors associated with low knowledge about STIs in a peripheral population in the Brazilian Amazon. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Belém, in the Amazon region that has a high percentage of subnormal agglomerates in an urban area and a high incidence of STIs. Random sampling was adopted which resulted in a sample of 320 participants. To assess knowledge about STIs, the self-administered Sexually Transmitted Disease Knowledge Questionnaire was used. To assess aspects of vulnerability, a questionnaire was constructed which is linked to individual, social, and programmatic factors. The chi-square test, G test, and ordinal regression analyses were all performed. Findings: The sample of this study was composed of 320 participants. The mean age of the participants was 46.09 years. 37.5% (120), 50.6% (162), and 11.9% (38) showed low, medium, and high knowledge, respectively. Multiple analysis revealed that the factors associated with higher chance of having smaller knowledge about sexually transmitted infections were single/separated/divorced/widow(er) marital status (AOR: 1.80, CI: 1.15-2.84, P = 0.01); income equal to or less than one minimum wage (1.98, CI: 1.21-3.17, P = 0.00); equal to or over than 52 years old (AOR: 1.99, CI: 1.25-3.17, P = 0.00); lack of guidance by a health professional (AOR: 1.59, CI: 1.01-2.51, P = 0.04). Our results show that this community suffer from suboptimal levels of knowledge on STIs, which are linked to individual, social, and programmatic factors. Characterising the risk and vulnerabilities factors allows for carrying out appropriate interventions for populations living in subnormal agglomerates in urban area.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo buscar evidências na literatura sobre as barreiras enfrentadas por mulheres vivendo com o HIV no relacionamento afetivo-sexual. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura, feita por levantamento bibliográfico nas bases de dados Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Banco de Dados em Enfermagem (BDENF) e US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of health (PubMed) durante o mês de setembro de 2020. Os critérios de inclusão foram estudos publicados na íntegra no período de 2015 a 2020, no idioma português e inglês que estivessem disponíveis gratuitamente online. Foram descartados os artigos duplicados, monografia, dissertação, tese, revisões e os que não corresponderam ao objetivo da pesquisa. Foram identificados 2.090 artigos, mas somente 7 artigos atenderam aos critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Sendo quatro (57,2%) encontrados na SciELO, dois (28,6%) na BDENF e um (14,2%) no LILACS. O presente estudo permitiu perceber que os principais obstáculos enfrentados por mulheres vivendo com o HIV no aspecto afetivo-sexual são de cunho emocional, psicológico e social, tornando-se notáveis os diversos impactos que o diagnóstico do HIV causa na vida das mulheres.

Background Colombia has the fourth highest incidence rate of HIV/AIDS among all Latin American countries and it has been increasing since the 1980s. However, the number of studies that addresses this trend is limited. Here, we employed spatial and temporal trend analyses to study the behaviour of the epidemic in the Colombian territory. Methods Our sample included 72,994 cases of HIV/AIDS and 21,898 AIDS-related deaths reported to the National Ministry of Health between 2008 and 2016. We employed the joinpoint regression model to analyse the annual HIV/AIDS incidence and AIDS mortality rates. In the spatial analysis, we used univariate autocorrelation techniques and the Kernel density estimator. Results While the HIV/AIDS incidence had an increasing trend in Colombia, the AIDS mortality rate was stable. HIV/AIDS incidence and AIDS mortality showed a downward trend in the 0–14 age group. An upward trend was observed for HIV/AIDS incidence in people older than 15 years and with the highest trend in the 65 years and above group. AIDS mortality showed an increasing trend among people aged 65 years or older. The comparison between the sexes showed an upward trend of HIV/AIDS incidence in all age groups and AIDS-mortality rates in 65 years and above in men, while in women, the incidence was upward among those aged 45 years and above, and concerning the AIDS-mortality rate in the 45–64 group. The high–high clusters of HIV/AIDS incidence and AIDS mortality were located in the Andean and Caribbean regions. Conclusion Our study found an upward trend in HIV/AIDS incidence and a stable trend in the AIDS mortality rate in Colombia. The downward trend in HIV/AIDS incidence and AIDS mortality rate in the 0–14 age group reflects the downwards mother-to-child HIV transmission. The upward trend in HIV/AIDS incidence in older women and AIDS mortality in younger women rates, compared with men, may be due to late diagnosis and treatment. The Caribbean and the ‘coffee belt’ regions were the most impacted by the HIV epidemic, most likely due to sexual tourism. Our results provide crucial information that may help Colombian health authorities fight HIV transmission.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of difficult venous access in adult patients admitted to a surgical unit. Method: This observational prospective cohort study included 235 patients from a Brazilian hospital. Clinical data were collected by direct observation and analyzed by descriptive, inferential statistics, and multiple binomial logistic regressions. Odds ratios were also calculated. Results: Most of the patients (66.4%) were men and self-reported as white (59.2%). The prevalence of difficult intravenous access was 32.8%. Predictors of peripheral intravenous cannula insertion failure were history of difficult intravenous access and nonvisibility of the vein. Conclusion: History of difficult intravenous access and a nonvisible venous network were significant predictors of peripheral cannula insertion failure in adults undergoing clinical surgery. The prevalence of difficult intravenous access was 32.8%.

Objective: to analyze the care provided to sexual partners of people living with the human immunodeficiency virus. Methods: cross-sectional study with 173 participants, carried out in a service specialized in the treatment of people with the human immunodeficiency virus, submitted to a statistical analysis (chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test). Results: having the partner invited to attend the health service (p

Objective: to analyze the factors associated to chronic kidney disease in people living with HIV (PLHIV). Method: a paired case-control study (4 controls for each case) carried out in a specialized care service in the Southeastern of Brazil, by analyzing PLHIV medical records. The sample consisted of 85 participants, corresponding to 17 cases and 68 controls. Pearson’s chi-square test (Χ2) and Fisher’s exact test, logistic regression, Odds Ratio (OR), 95% Confidence Interval (CI) and p

Objective: to analyze predictors of inconsistent condom use among HIV-positive people with sexual immunodeficiency virus serodifferent sexual partnership. Method: cross-sectional, analytical study with a consecutive non-probabilistic sample consisting of people living with the human immunodeficiency virus with serodifferent sexual partnership and who were in outpatient clinical follow-up. Data were collected through individual interviews guided by a semi-structured questionnaire and subsequently analyzed with bivariate analysis and logistic regression. Results: Seven variables were independently associated with inconsistent condom use. Schooling less than 11 years of schooling (4.9 [2.4-10.1]), having multiple partnerships (5.0 [1.3-19.6]), using alcohol (2.1 [1.1 -4.4]) or other drugs (2.8 [1.2-6.3]), do not receive advice from a healthcare professional (2.0 [1.1-3.9]), have no knowledge of treatment as prevention (3.0 [1,2-6,9]) and not knowing that undetectable viral load reduces the risk of human immunodeficiency virus transmission (3.8 [1,1-13,7]) were predictors for inconsistent condom use. Conclusion: The study showed that psychosocial factors interfere with consistent condom use between serodifferent partnerships. Thus, it is highlighted that there is a need for comprehensive interventions that include the integration of clinical and psychosocial care.

Objective: To analyze factors related to the quality of life of elderly people living with HIV/AIDS. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out with people aged 50 years or more in a specialized outpatient clinic. The data collection was by means of an interview. For the analysis of data and characterization of the sample, descriptive statistics and comparison tests were used. The project met the ethical requirements. Results: Participants were 81 users aged 50 to 75 years, mean age was 57.8 (± 6.1) years, 71.6% of whom were men. There was a statistically significant relationship with the quality of life, the following variables: gender, children, occupation, religion, diagnosis time, HIV exposure, adverse effects, treatment interruption, viral load counts, hospitalization, dependence for daily activities and use of drugs. Conclusion: The results suggest that the quality of life deficit is related not only to physical changes, but to the anguish and stigma related to HIV/AIDS. RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar los factores relacionados con la calidad de vida de ancianos que viven con VIH/SIDA. Método: Estudio transversal realizado con personas de edad igual o superior a 50 años en un ambulatorio especializado. La recolección de datos fue por medio de entrevista. Para el análisis de los datos y caracterización de la muestra, se utilizó la estadística descriptiva y pruebas de comparación. El proyecto cumplió con los requisitos éticos. Resultados: Participaron 81 usuarios de 50 a 75 años, cuya media fue 57,8 (±6,1)) años, siendo 71,6% hombres. Se observó una relación estadísticamente significativa con la calidad de vida, las cuales fueron: sexo, hijos, ocupación, religión, tiempo de diagnóstico, exposición al VIH, efectos adversos, interrupción del tratamiento, recuento de carga viral, internación, dependencia para actividades diarias y uso de medicamentos. Conclusión: Los resultados sugieren que el déficit de calidad de vida no está relacionado sólo a los cambios físicos, sino a las angustias y al estigma relacionado con el VIH/SIDA. RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar os fatores relacionados com a qualidade de vida de idosos vivendo com HIV/aids. Método: Estudo transversal realizado com pessoas de idade igual ou superior a 50 anos em um ambulatório especializado. A coleta de dados foi por meio de entrevista. Para a análise dos dados e caracterização da amostra, utilizou-se da estatística descritiva e testes de comparação. O projeto atendeu às exigências éticas. Resultados: Participaram 81 usuários de 50 a 75 anos, cuja média foi 57,8 (±6,1) anos, sendo 71,6% homens. Houve relação estatisticamente significante com a qualidade de vida, as seguintes variáveis: sexo, filhos, ocupação, religião, tempo de diagnóstico, exposição ao HIV, efeitos adversos, interrupção do tratamento, contagem de carga viral, internação, dependência para atividades diárias e uso de drogas. Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem que o déficit de qualidade de vida não está ligado apenas às mudanças físicas, mas às angustias e ao estigma relacionado ao HIV/aids.

The purpose of our review was to analyze the relationship between the use of geosocial networking phone apps and risk behaviors for HIV infection in men who have sex with men (MSM). The review was guided by the question: Does the use of geosocial networking apps to find sex partners increase risk behaviors for HIV infection by MSM? We searched the databases PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, and LILACS, considering primary studies published up to December 2015, without any time restraint. All 14 studies that met our search criteria analyzed sexual behaviors in relation to sociocultural and economic characteristics, number of partners, unprotected anal sex, drug use, HIV testing, risk management measures, and the presence of other sexually transmitted diseases. The results indicated that use of geosocial networking apps to find sex partners may lead to new patterns of behavior and relationships that place MSM at risk for HIV.

Objective: to assess predictive factors for noncompletion of the hepatitis B vaccination schedule in female sex workers in the city of Teresina, Northeastern Brazil. Method: 402 women were interviewed and, for those who did not wish to visit specialized sites, or did not know their hepatitis B vaccination status, the vaccine was offered at their workplaces. Bi- and multivariate analyses were performed to identify potential predictors for noncompletion of the vaccination schedule. Results: of the 284 women eligible for vaccination, 258 (90.8%) received the second dose, 157/258 (60.8%) and 68/258 (26.3%) received the second and third doses, respectively. Working at clubs and consuming illicit drugs were predictors for noncompletion of the vaccination schedule. Conclusion: the high acceptability of the vaccine's first dose, associated with low completion rates of the vaccination schedule in sex workers, shows the need for more persuasive strategies that go beyond offering the vaccine at their workplaces. Objetivo: avaliar fatores preditores de nao completude do esquema vacinal contra hepatite B em mulheres que se prostituem em Teresina, Nordeste do Brasil. Metodo: Um total de 402 mulheres foi entrevistado e, para as que se negaram a irem a lugares especializados, ou desconheciam sua situacao vacinal contra hepatite B, a vacina foi oferecida no local do trabalho. Analises bi e multivariadas foram realizadas para identificar potenciais preditores de nao completude do esquema vacinal. Resultados: Das 284 mulheres elegiveis para vacinacao, 258 (90,8%) receberam a primeira dose, 157/258 (60,8%) e 68/258 (26,3%) receberam a segunda e terceira doses. Trabalhar em boates e consumir drogas ilicitas foram preditores de nao completude do esquema vacinal (p Conclusao: A elevada aceitabilidade da primeira dose da vacina, associada a baixa completude do esquema vacinal em profissionais do sexo, evidencia a necessidade de estrategia mais persuasiva que va alem da oferta da vacina no local de trabalho.

Introduction. Symptoms of depression are highly prevalent among people living with HIV/AIDS in Brazil and in other countries. This situation points to the need for proper diagnosis and timely treatment by the health team. Objective. To identify the prevalence of depressive symptoms and its association with sociodemographic, clinical and behavioral disorders among PLWHA. Method. This cross-sectional study analyzed 331 people living with HIV/AIDS in the city of São Paulo, Southeast Brazil. The Beck Depression Inventory was used to assess depressive symptoms. To identify predictors of depression, a multiple regression model was used, with a 95% confidence interval. Results. Of the participants, 167 (50.5%) were men, with an average age of 40. Depressive symptoms were prevalent in 42.3% and the factors associated with depression were being employed, age, and immunological status. Being employed was 1.8 times more likely (95% CI [1.0, 2.8]) to develop depressive symptoms than those who were not employed. The odds ratio of individuals under the age of 40 indicates they were 1.8 times more likely (95% CI [1.1, 2.8]) to have depressive symptoms than those over 40 years old. In regard to clinical aspects, individuals with 200 CD4 cells per mm3 are 2.1 times (95% CI [1.1, 3.9]) more likely to develop depression. Discussion and conclusion. We conclude that the prevalence of depressive symptoms among people living with HIV/AIDS was 42.3% and it was associated with being employed, age and CD4 + cell count.

Introduction: The elderly population is increasingly benefiting from recent technological advances. In this scenario, geolocation-based dating applications provide a viable alternative for finding partners in a practical and timely manner, but may be accompanied by certain risk behaviors for HIV infection. Although there are considerable number of users over 50 on these applications, no studies have addressed this problem. The aim of the present study was to analyze factors of vulnerability to HIV/Aids among the population of men who have sex with men (MSM) age 50 years or older who use dating apps. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, population-survey-based, analytical study, conducted exclusively online with a sample of 412 MSM. The data was collected from the following apps: Grindr®, Hornet®, Scruff® and Daddy Hunter®. Results: Factors associated with a higher chance of having HIV were: sexual relations with an HIV-infected partner (ORa = 5.53; 95%CI = 2.23–13.73); chemsex (ORa = 3.97; 95%CI = 1.72–8.92); and, above all, having an HIV-infected partner (ORa = 8.02; 95%CI = 2.01–32.01). The belief that apps increase protection against sexually transmitted infections (ORa = 0.43; 95%CI = 0.19–0.95) and not being familiar with post-exposure prophylaxis (ORa = 0.43; 95%CI = 0.19–0.95) were associated with decreased chances of having HIV. Conclusions: We highlight some important factors that structure the vulnerability of the MSM surveyed in relation to HIV infection. The findings should be used to customize care for this population, which could bring them in more for health care services. Keywords: Men who have sex with men, HIV/Aids, Sexually transmitted infections, Mobile phone applications, Middle-aged men

Introducción: En el contexto de las personas que viven con VIH (PVVIH), la dislipidemia es un tema que se ha venido discutiendo ampliamente, tanto por su origen multifactorial y sus implicaciones cardiovasculares, como por las posibles estrategias de prevención. De este modo, este estudio tiene por objeto evaluar la presencia de la dislipidemia en personas que viven con VIH y su asociación con aspectos sociodemográficos, actitudinales y clínicos. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio analítico, transversal realizado entre 2014 y 2016. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de entrevistas en las que se utilizaban cuestionarios y se consultaban las historias médicas. Para analizar la asociación, se utilizaron las pruebas Chi-Cuadrado y Exacto de Fisher, y la estadística Kappa para análisis de concordancia, con un nivel de significancia de p

Resumo OBJETIVOS Verificar a associação entre os fatores sociodemográficos e comportamentais com a síndrome metabólica em pessoas vivendo com HIV. MÉTODOS Estudo transversal, realizado em ambulatórios especializados no município de Ribeirão Preto - SP, entre outubro de 2014 a outubro de 2016. Para avaliação da síndrome metabólica utilizou-se os critérios do National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III e da International Diabetes Federation. Foram realizadas entrevistas individuais e utilizou-se o teste qui-quadrado e exato de Fisher. RESULTADOS Foram avaliados 340 pacientes, 28,5% (n=97) com SM pelo critério do National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III, e 39,4% (n=134) pela International Diabetes Federation. Houve associação entre a síndrome metabólica e as variáveis sexo (ATP: p

Objective: to analyze the factors associated with the consistent use of the male condom among women living with HIV/aids. Method: an analytical study with a quantitative approach involving 140 women living with HIV/aids who at the time of the study had an active sexual life and receiving follow-up care at the Specialized Care Services. The data were collected by means of a questionnaire via individual interview and were later analyzed using the version 17.0 of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences software. Results: it was identified that the longer diagnostic time (p=0.029); (p=0.030), non-use of alcohol (p=0.022), and other drugs (p

Objetivo: analisar os hábitos de vida e o risco cardiovascular de pessoas vivendo com o vírus da imunodeficiênciahumana, por meio de fatores sociodemográficos, clínicos e comportamentais. Método: trata-se de estudo transversal,quantitativo, realizado em serviços especializados no atendimento de pessoas vivendo com o vírus da imunodeficiênciahumana, no período de 2014 a 2016, num município no interior do estado de São Paulo – Brasil. Utilizou-se Escorede Risco de Framingham para estratificação do risco cardiovascular. Resultados: participaram 340 pessoas. Houveassociação entre o risco cardiovascular e as variáveis sexo (p=0,003), idade (p

Background The objective of the present study was to analyze the factors associated with non-completion of the hepatitis B vaccine series among men who have sex with men and use geosocial dating apps in Brazil. Methods This was a cross-sectional, population survey-based, analytical study, conducted exclusively online in all the regions of Brazil, with a sample of 1855 men who have sex with men. The data was collected between November 2016 and February 2017, using the social networking website Facebook. Results Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses showed that 4.7% of the participants reported receiving one dose of the vaccine, 12.5% two doses, 19.4% three doses, and 45.8% did not know. Multivariate analysis showed that level of education (OR = 0.31; CI 95% 0.14–0.72; p = 0.007), identification as bisexual (OR = 0.6; CI 95% 0.38–0.95; p = 0.030), HIV serological status (OR:2.3; CI 95% 1.58–3.34; p =

Objetivo: caracterizar as parcerias sexuais estabelecidas por pessoas vivendo com o Virus da Imunodeficiencia Humana. Metodos: estudo epidemiologico realizado com 173 participantes em um servico de assistencia medica especializada no tratamento de pessoas com o Virus da Imunodeficiencia Humana. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista individual com questionario especifico para o estudo. Para analise dos dados foram utilizados os testes Qui-quadrado de Pearson. Resultados: a maioria dos participantes era do sexo masculino, adultos-jovens (54/30,9%), solteiros (94/53,7%), com ensino medio completo (72/41,1%) e infectados por relacao sexual (150/85,7%). As variaveis sexo (p

Objetivo: avaliar a prevalencia e os aspectos epidemiologicos da coinfeccao por Virus da Imunodeficiencia Humana (HIV)/tuberculose no municipio de Ribeirao Preto – SP. Metodo: estudo retrospectivo, envolvendo todos os casos de coinfeccao, de pessoas residentes no municipio, notificados no Sistema de Informacoes para Tuberculose no Estado de Sao Paulo (TBweb), entre 2003 e 2011. Os dados foram obtidos do TBweb e do linkage com os bancos com informacoes do HIV. A populacao do estudo abrangeu 338 coinfectados. Realizou-se teste Qui-quadrado e Exato de Fisher. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comite de Etica em Pesquisa sob o protocolo CAAE 02789012.4.0000.5393. Resultados: dos 1277 casos de tuberculose cadastrados no TBweb, 338 apresentavam a coinfeccao com HIV/AIDS, com prevalencia de 26,5%; destes 244 (72,2%) eram do sexo masculino. A forma clinica predominante foi a pulmonar em 201 (59,5%) casos. Conclusao: a prevalencia de coinfectados atingiu 26,5% e a maioria do sexo masculino. Sao Esses necessarias intervencoes para a prevencao de ambas as doencas. ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the prevalence and epidemiological aspects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/tuberculosis coinfection in the municipality of Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo. Method: retrospective study involving all cases of HIV-tuberculosis coinfected residents in the municipality, notified in the Sao Paulo State Tuberculosis Information System (TBweb) between 2003 and 2011. Data were obtained from the TBweb and its linkages with HIV information systems. The study population consisted of 338 coinfected. Chi-square and Fisher’s exact test were performed. The study was approved by the research ethics committee (protocol CAAE 02789012.4.0000.5393). Results: of the 1,277 cases of tuberculosis registered in the TBweb, 338 presented coinfection with HIV, a prevalence of 26.5%; of these, 244 (72.2%) were men. The predominant clinical form of the disease was pulmonary TB (201 cases; 59.5%). Conclusion: the prevalence of coinfected individuals was 26.5%, of whom most were men. These data point to the need for interventions to prevent both diseases. RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar la prevalencia y los aspectos epidemiologicos de la coinfeccion por Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida (VIH) / tuberculosis en la ciudad de Ribeirao Preto - SP. Metodo: estudio retrospectivo, involucrando todos los casos de coinfeccion de personas residentes en esa ciudad, reportados en el Sistema de Informacion de la Tuberculosis en el Estado de Sao Paulo (TBWEB), de 2003 a 2011. Los datos se obtuvieron del TBWEB y del enlace con los bancos que contienen informacion sobre el VIH. La poblacion del estudio consistio en 338 coinfectados. Se llevo a cabo la prueba de chi-cuadrado y Exacto de Fisher. El Comite de Etica en Investigacion aprobo el estudio bajo el protocolo CAAE 02789012.4.0000.5393. Resultados: de los 1.277 casos de tuberculosis registrados en TBWEB, 338 tenian coinfeccion por VIH/SIDA, con una prevalencia del 26,5%; de ellos, 244 (72,2%) eran varones. La forma clinica predominante fue la pulmonar en 201 (59,5%) casos. Conclusion: la prevalencia de individuos coinfectados fue del 26,5% y la mayoria del sexo masculino. Estos datos indican la necesidad de intervenciones que contribuyan para la prevencion de ambas enfermedades. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/reuerj.2017.17432

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar os fatores associados à exposição ocupacional com material biológico entre profissionais de enfermagem. Método: estudo transversal, realizado em um hospital, de alta complexidade, do interior do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Foram entrevistados profissionais de enfermagem no período de março a novembro de 2015. Todos os aspectos éticos foram contemplados. Resultado: dentre 226 profissionais entrevistados, 17,3% sofreram exposição ocupacional com material biológico potencialmente contaminado, sendo 61,5% por via percutânea. Fatores, como a faixa etária (p=0,003), a experiência na enfermagem (p=0,015) e na instituição, (p=0,032) estiveram associados ao acidente. Conclusão: a maior parte dos acidentes com material biológico entre os profissionais de enfermagem ocorreu por via percutânea sendo que a idade, experiência profissional e na instituição compreenderam fatores associados à exposição ocupacional. RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar los factores asociados a la exposición profesional a material biológico entre profesionales de enfermería. Método: estudio transversal, realizado en hospital de alta complejidad del interior del Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Fueron entrevistados profesionales de enfermería entre marzo y noviembre de 2015. Se contemplaron todos los aspectos éticos. Resultado: de 226 profesionales entrevistados, el 17,3% sufrió exposición profesional a material biológico potencialmente contaminado, 61,5% por vía percutánea. Factores como la faja etaria (p=0,003), experiencia en enfermería (p=0,015) y en la institución (p=0,032) estuvieron asociados al accidente. Conclusión: la mayor parte de los accidentes con material biológico entre profesionales de enfermería sucedió por vía percutánea, debiendo considerarse que la edad, la experiencia profesional y la antigüedad en la institución constituyeron factores asociados a la exposición profesional. ABSTRACT Objective: to identify factors associated with occupational exposure to biological material among nursing professionals. Method: a cross-sectional study was conducted in a high complexity hospital of a city in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Nursing professionals were interviewed from March to November 2015. All ethical aspects were observed. Result: among the 226 professionals interviewed, 17.3% suffered occupational exposure to potentially contaminated biological material, with 61.5% being percutaneous. Factors such as age (p=0.003), professional experience in nursing (p=0.015), and experience at the institution (p=0.032) were associated with the accidents with biological material. Conclusion: most accidents with biological material among nursing professionals were percutaneous. Age, professional experience, and experience at the institution were considered factors associated with occupational exposure.

A ovariohisterectomia (OH) eletiva em cadelas é o procedimento mais realizado na cirurgia de pequenos animais. No presente trabalho, foram utilizados três grupos de sete animais (GI, GII e GIII), submetidos a três técnicas de OH eletiva: por celiotomia ("técnica convencional"), por miniceliotomia ("técnica do gancho de Snook"), via cirurgia endoscópica transluminal por orifícios naturais (NOTES) híbrida. Na comparação, foram considerados o tempo de cirurgia, as complicações e dificuldades técnicas trans e pós-operatórias, a avaliação de dor pós-operatória, a quantidade (g) de sangramento cirúrgico estimado, além da determinação de determinados parâmetros vitais, como: frequência cardíaca (FC), frequência respiratória (ƒ), temperatura retal, pressão arterial (média) invasiva (PAI) e a pressão venosa central (PVC). A OH via NOTES vaginal híbrida foi a técnica que apresentou menor escore de desconforto pós-operatório, menor sangramento cirúrgico, porém com maior tempo cirúrgico, comparado com as modalidade convencional e por miniceliotomia. The elective ovariohysterectomy (OH) is the most frequent procedures performed in dogs. In this study was used three groups of seven animals each (GI, GII, and GIII) that was undergone to three elective OH techniques: (i) mini-celiotomy ("Snook-hook technique"), (ii) hybrid Natural Orifice Translumenal Endoscopic Surgery (NOTES), and (iii) celiotomy ("conventional surgery"). The surgical techniques were compared considering the surgery time, trans and postoperative complications, technical difficulties, postoperative pain, surgical bleedind and some vital parameters as: heart rate (FC), respiratory rate (ƒ), rectal temperature, invasive blood pressure (PVI) and central venous pressure (PVC). The OH by hybrid vaginal NOTES was the technique with the lowest post-surgical discomfort score and the lowest surgical bleeding, although its surgical time was higher compared to the conventional and the hook (mini-celiotomy) modalities.

Se trata de un relato de experiencia de los tutores de enfermeria del Programa de Educacion por el Trabajo en Salud (PET-Salud), de la Universidad Federal de Alagoas, desde mayo del 2009 hasta abril del 2010. El objetivo del PET-Salud en enfermeria fue desarrollar acciones de educacion en salud dirigidas a las necesidades de las comunidades atendidas por las Unidades de Salud de la Familia en Maceio, Alagoas. Para ello, llevamos a cabo la planificacion en salud orientada por la metodologia de la problematizacion. Las actividades resultaron en cambios en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes y en la practica de las enfermeras del PET-salud, lo que indica la importancia de este programa para la ensenanza y la practica de enfermeria

Objective To determine the correlation between pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and maternal visceral adiposity with fetal biometry during the second trimester. Methods A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among pregnant women who received prenatal care at a center in Recife, Brazil, between October 3, 2011, and September 27, 2013. Pre-pregnancy BMI was determined at the first prenatal care visit. Maternal visceral adiposity and fetal biometry were measured at the same ultrasonography session. The associations between maternal and fetal variables were evaluated using the Pearson correlation coefficient (R). The Student t test was used to test the null hypothesis of adjusted correlation coefficients. Results Overall, 740 women were included. No correlation was found between pre-pregnancy BMI and any of the fetal biometric variables assessed. By contrast, maternal visceral adiposity positively correlated with fetal abdominal circumference (R=0.529), estimated fetal weight (R=0.524), head circumference (R=0.521), femur length (R=0.521), and biparietal diameter (R=0.524; P

The aim of this study was to describe the process of developing a nursing assessment tool for hospitalized adult patients with liver cirrhosis. A descriptive study was carried out in three stages. First, we conducted a literature review to develop a data collection tool on the basis of the Conceptual Model of Wanda Horta. Second, the data collection tool was assessed through an expert panel. Third, we conducted the pilot testing in hospitalized patients. Most of the comments offered by the panel members were accepted to improve the tool. The final version was in the form of a questionnaire with open-closed questions. The panel members concluded that the tool was useful for accurate nursing diagnosis. Horta's Conceptual Model assisted with the development of this data collection tool to help nurses identify accurate nursing diagnosis in hospitalized patients with liver cirrhosis. We hope that the tool can be used by all nurses in clinical practice.

O tendão calcâneo é uma das estruturas tendíneas que sofrem lesões com maior frequência em cães, e a não realização do tratamento implica comprometimento da função locomotora. Este trabalho objetivou relatar um caso atendido no Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (HCV – UFRGS) de estiramento crônico do tendão calcâneo comum em um cão da raça Rottweiler, com sete anos de idade, apresentando histórico de claudicação. Ao exame físico, o animal apresentava-se com hiperflexao da articulação tíbiotarsal esquerda, à palpação, o tendão encontrava-se íntegro e edemaciado. O diagnóstico de estiramento crônico do tendão foi baseado no histórico, sinais clínicos e exames complementares, sendo o animal submetido à cirurgia reparadora. Realizou-se tenectomia parcial e posterior tenorrafia utilizando-se sutura em laço de travamento com fio nylon monofilamentar. A articulação tibiotarsal esquerda foi imobilizada com fixação esquelética externa. Após duas semanas do procedimento cirúrgico, o animal apresentava apoio do membro afetado. A técnica cirúrgica utilizada foi satisfatória para o tratamento desta lesão, pois promoveu cicatrização do tendão e o retorno da deambulação normal.

Em decorrência dos avanços científicos e tecnológicos da última década, a aids passou a ser considerada como doença crônica. O grande benefício gerado pelo uso da terapia anti-retroviral é o prolongamento da sobrevida e a redução da mortalidade; entretanto, o impacto psicossocial da doença e dos efeitos adversos associados a esta terapia pode provocar alterações na qualidade de vida. Objetivos: avaliar a qualidade de vida de portadores do HIV/aids e suas relações com os fatores demográficos, clínicos e psicossociais, utilizando o WHOQOL HIV bref e o HATQoL. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo analítico correlacional, de corte transversal, realizado em dois serviços de atendimento especializado em aids, no município de Ribeirão Preto-SP. Cinco instrumentos foram utilizados para a coleta de dados: Instrumento para caracterização sociodemográfica, Inventário de Sintomas de Depressão de Beck, Escala de auto-estima de Rosemberg, WHOQOL HIV bref e o HATQoL. Resultados: Dos 228 portadores do HIV/aids, 122 (53,5%) eram homens e 106 (46,5%), mulheres, com idade média de 39 anos. Com relação aos domínios do WHOQOL HIV bref, não se observaram importantes diferenças, nas médias deste instrumento, que variaram de 58,0 a 69,2. O domínio Espiritualidade apresentou os maiores escores de qualidade de vida, seguido pelos domínios Físico, Psicológico, Relações Sociais, Nível de Independência e Meio Ambiente. Quanto às dimensões da escala HATQoL, os valores médios encontrados variaram de 31,6 a 95,7. Os domínios que apresentaram maiores escores foram: Confiança no Médico, Questões Relativas à Medicação, Atividade Geral e Satisfação com a Vida. Dentre os domínios mais comprometidos do HATQoL, destacam-se: Preocupação com o Sigilo, seguido de Preocupação Financeira, Preocupação com a Saúde. Diferentes variáveis influenciaram na qualidade de vida. Quanto às sociodemográficas, destaca-se que as mulheres apresentaram pior qualidade de vida, quando comparadas com os homens em vários domínios. Os indivíduos analfabetos e com menos de oito anos de escolaridade, aqueles sem renda e sem vínculo empregatício apresentaram qualidade de vida considerada prejudicada em diversos domínios. Sobre as variáveis clínicas, identificou-se que os portadores de aids, com baixa contagem de CD4 e alta carga viral, apresentaram pior qualidade de vida. Com referência às variáveis psicossociais, identificaram-se menores escores entre os portadores que não têm parceria afetivo-sexual e que apresentam sintomas depressivos. A depressão e o gênero constituíram-se nos preditores mais associados com pior qualidade de vida, e, ao contrário, a auto-estima associou-se com melhor qualidade de vida em vários domínios. Conclusão: O presente estudo constatou diversas variáveis que influenciam na qualidade de vida de pessoas que vivem com o HIV/aids. Este estudo oferece importante contribuição para a equipe de saúde, pois fornece subsídios para compreender melhor os fatores que podem influenciar a qualidade de vida destes indivíduos. Aponta, ainda, os domínios mais prejudicados, o que contribui para que sejam implementadas intervenções específicas pelos profissionais de saúde, bem como pelos gestores de políticas públicas. As a result of last decades scientific and technological advances, AIDS is now regarded as a chronic disease. The great benefit of the antiretroviral therapy is the prolongation of survival and reduction of mortality; nevertheless, the psychosocial impact of the disease and the adverse effects associated to this therapy can cause changes in the quality of life. Objective: to evaluate the quality of life of HIV/AIDS carriers and their relations to demographic, clinical and psychosocial factors, using the WHOQOL HIV bref and the HATQoL. Methodology: Correlational analytical cross-sectional study, carried out at two specialized care services in Ribeirão Preto-SP. Five instruments were used for the data collection: Instrument for sociodemographic characterization, Beck Depression Inventory, Rosemberg Self- Esteem Scale, WHOQOL HIV bref and the HATQoL. Results: Of the 228 HIV/AIDS carriers, 122 (53,5%) were men and 106 (46,5%) women, with average age of 39 years. Regarding the WHOQOL HIV bref domains, it was not observed important differences on the means of this instrument, which vary from 58,0 to 69,2. The domain Spirituality had the highest quality of life score, followed by the domains Physical, Psychological, Social relations, Independence level and Environment. Regarding the HATQoL scale dimensions, the mean values vary from 31,6 to 95,7. The domains which presented the highest scores were: Trust in Doctor, Questions Related to Medication, General Activity and Satisfaction with Life. The domains highlighted at the HATQoL were: Concern about secrecy, Financial worry and Concern with health. Different variables influenced on the quality of life. Regarding the sociodemographic variables, it is highlighted that in many domains women present worse quality of life when compared to men. Analphabets, people who have studied for less than 8 years, the ones without income and not legally employed presented quality of life impaired in many domains. About the clinical variables, it was identified that AIDS carriers with low CD4 count and high viral load presented worse quality of life. Regarding the psychosocial variables, it was identified lower scores among the carriers who do not have affective-sexual partner and who present depressive symptoms. Depression and gender were the predictors most associated to worse quality of life, on the contrary, in many domains self-esteem was associated to better quality of life. Conclusion: The present study evidenced many variables which influence on quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS. This study provides important contribution for the health team, since it offers support for better comprehension of the factors which can influence the quality of life of these individuals. The study also shows the most impaired domains, what contributes for the implementation of specific interventions by the health personnel and the public policies managers.

Objetivo: conhecer a percepcao da equipe de enfermagem acerca da gravidez no contexto da infeccao pelo HIV. Metodo: estudo qualitativo realizado em um hospital de referencia. Para coleta de dados, foram realizadas entrevistas individuais e gravadas com 15 profissionais de enfermagem que prestam assistencia a mulher durante o seu processo gravidico e/ou puerperal. Os dados foram descritos segundo analise tematica. Resultados: a gestacao no contexto da infeccao pelo HIV/aids e percebida como irresponsabilidade, desinformacao, com preocupacao dos riscos da transmissao vertical. Os discursos divergentes da equipe de enfermagem apontam para a falta de compreensao da gravidez no plano das necessidades e desejos de pessoas que vivem com o HIV, o que pode favorecer acolhimento inadequado e assistencia de enfermagem limitada a condutas e procedimento tecnicos para a reducao da transmissao vertical do HIV. Conclusao: e necessario que a formacao em saude nos diversos niveis da enfermagem inclua questoes de genero, direitos sexuais e reprodutivos.

Background In recent years there has been changes in the social and geographic profile of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the internalization of AIDS in the state of Rondônia, Brazil. Findings In Rondônia, 1473 AIDS cases were reported, with an average annual incidence of 15.8/100,000 persons (42.7 % women). The most common mode of viral transmission was sexual (96.5 %), and the majority of the individuals had not completed their primary education (64.8 %). There was heterogeneity in relation to case distribution, involving almost all of the municipalities in the state. The average annual mortality rate was 2.5/100,000 persons. Conclusion Rondônia has a higher incidence of AIDS than the national average and the northern region. Efforts to provide access to treatment and follow-up of these individuals should be implemented, prioritizing areas where the incidence is higher and decentralizing the treatment of patients with AIDS in the state. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40249-015-0060-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

This cross-sectional study, developed at a public teaching hospital with 256 nursing professionals, had the aim to: describe occupational exposure events involving potentially infectious biological material among nursing professionals at a teaching hospital and compare the scores of adherence to Standard Precautions (SP). The first stage of data collection was performed using a form with questions regarding the occupational exposure and the psychometric scale “Adherence to SP”; in the second stage, and upon the participants’ consent, the medical records of the exposed professionals were analyzed. Adherence to SP was assessed as high and intermediate, according to the answers to the scale items. There was no statistically significant difference between those who had been exposed or not to biological material. The results evidence that only the use of the scale of adherence to SP was not enough to contemplate all factors that may be associated with occupational exposure to biological material.

Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado em tres ambulatorios especializados no atendimento as doencas infecciosas no municipio de Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brasil, com o objetivo de identificar a prevalencia de coinfeccoes e comorbidades em pessoas vivendo com HIV/Aids. Foram analisadas variaveis demograficas e clinicas de 498 prontuarios de pacientes do periodo de dezembro/2004 a junho/2010. Os dados analisados por meio de estatistica descritiva mostram media de idade de 39,3 anos, variando de 17 a 71 anos, com 295 (59,2%) individuos do sexo masculino. Foram observadas 390 (78,3%) comorbidades, destacando-se a dislipidemia 126 (25,3%), trigliceridemia 68 (13,7%), hepatite C 68 (13,7%), candidiase oral 60 (12,0%), doencas sexualmente transmissiveis 57 (11,4%) e tuberculose 51 (10,2%). Em funcao das diferentes comorbidades considera-se oportuno que sejam tracadas estrategias especiais de acompanhamento, visando o diagnostico e intervencao precoce.

OBJETIVOS: avaliar a qualidade de vida das pessoas vivendo com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana/síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida e suas associações com características clínicas e adesão ao tratamento. MÉTODO: estudo transversal, realizado em um hospital do Estado da Paraíba. Utilizou-se questionário para caracterização sociodemográfica e clínica, escala de qualidade de vida (proposta pela Organização Mundial da Saúde) e escala de adesão ao tratamento (Questionário para Avaliação da Adesão ao Tratamento Antirretroviral). RESULTADOS: dos 314 entrevistados, 190 (60,5%) eram do sexo masculino, idade média de 43 anos, 121(38,5%) contavam com até cinco anos de estudo, 108 (34,4%) recebiam até dois salários-mínimos e 112 (35,7%) estavam afastados das atividades laborais. Quanto às variáveis clínicas, identificou-se que os indivíduos com carga viral indetectável apresentaram maiores escores em todos os domínios de qualidade de vida, com diferença estatisticamente significante em três domínios. Sobre a adesão ao tratamento, 235 (73,8%) apresentaram adesão insuficiente, os que apresentaram adesão estrita obtiveram melhores escores de qualidade de vida. Os resultados mostraram que a qualidade de vida é melhor para os aderentes ao tratamento antirretroviral. Apoiar as pessoas em tratamento para melhorar a adesão aos antirretrovirais deve ser tarefa constante dos profissionais de saúde e de outras pessoas que participam do tratamento, como familiares e amigos. OBJETIVOS: evaluar la calidad de vida de las personas viviendo con VIH/Sida y sus asociaciones con características clínicas y adhesión al tratamiento. MÉTODO: estudio transversal, realizado en un hospital del estado de Paraíba. Se utilizó un cuestionario para caracterización sociodemográfica y clínica, la Escala de Calidad de Vida (propuesta por la Organización Mundial de la Salud) y la Escala de Adhesión al Tratamiento (Cuestionario para Evaluación de la Adhesión al Tratamiento Antirretroviral). RESULTADOS: de los 314 entrevistados, 190 (60,5%) eran del sexo masculino, edad promedio de 43 años, 121(38,5%) contaban con hasta cinco años de estudio, 108 (34,4%) recibían hasta dos salarios mínimos y 112 (35,7%) no realizaban actividades laborales. En cuanto a las variables clínicas, se identificó que los individuos con carga viral indetectable presentaron mayores puntajes en todos los dominios de calidad de vida, con diferencia estadísticamente significativa en tres dominios. Sobre la adhesión al tratamiento, 235 (73,8%) presentaron adhesión insuficiente, los que presentaron adhesión estricta obtuvieron mejores puntajes de calidad de vida. Los resultados mostraron que la calidad de vida es mejor para los adherentes a la TARV. Apoyar a personas en tratamiento para mejorar la adhesión a los antirretrovirales debe ser una tarea constante de los profesionales de la salud y de otras personas que participan del tratamiento, como familiares y amigos. OBJECTIVES: to assess the quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS and verify its association with clinical characteristics and treatment adherence. METHOD: cross-sectional study conducted in a hospital in the state of Paraíba, Brazil. A questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and clinical data. The quality of life scale proposed by the World Health Organization and a questionnaire to measure treatment adherence were used. RESULTS: of the 314 interviewees, 190 (60.5%) were male, aged 43 years on average, 121 (38.5%) had attended up to five years of schooling, 108 (34.4%) received up to two times the minimum wage, and 112 (35.7%) were on sick leave. In regard to clinical variables, individuals with an undetectable viral load scored higher in all the domains concerning quality of life, with statistically significant differences in three domains. Regarding treatment adherence, 235 (73.8%) presented poor adherence and those who strictly adhered to treatment obtained better scores in quality of life. The results show that quality of life is better among individuals adherent to ART. Supporting people to adhere to the antiretroviral treatment should be a persistent task of healthcare workers and other people participating in the treatment, such as family members and friends.

Neste estudo objetivou-se identificar os fatores que interferem na manutenção do sexo seguro entre parceiros com sorologias distintas para o HIV. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevistas individuais com 11 portadores do HIV/aids que convivem com parceria soronegativa ao HIV seguidos num ambulatório especializado no atendimento a aids e analisados com base na análise de Prosa de André (1983), utilizando o referencial teórico da vulnerabilidade ao HIV/aids. A prevenção sexual do HIV/aids para a parceria não infectada constitui num dos maiores desafios para os casais sorodiscordantes, visto que o condom tem diferente aceitação entre homens e mulheres. A maior motivação para o uso do preservativo entre casais sorodiscordantes não elimina as dificuldades na sua utilização para a manutenção do sexo seguro. Os casais sorodiscordantes merecem atendimento específico, e as estratégias preventivas devem contemplar os aspectos culturais e psicossociais que se constituem em importantes aspectos de vulnerabilidade dos parceiros soronegativos. This study aimed to identify the factors that interfere in maintaining safe sex. Data were collected through individual interviews with 11 HIV/aids patients living with HIV-negative partners, under clinical treatment at a specialized aids clinic. Analysis was based on Prose analysis by André (1983). The concept of vulnerability was used as a theoretical reference framework. The sexual prevention of HIV/aids for the non infected partner constitutes one of the largest challenges for the serodiscordant couples, because men and women accept condoms differently. The greater motivation towards condom use among serodiscordant couples does not eliminate the difficulties to use them for maintaining safe sex. The serodiscordant couples deserve specific assistance, and the preventive strategies should contemplate the cultural and psychosocial aspects that constitute important aspects of mixed-status partner vulnerability. La finalidad de este estudio fue identificar los factores que interfieren en el mantenimiento del sexo seguro. La recopilación de datos ocurrió mediante entrevistas individuales con 11 portadores del VIH/sida que conviven con pareja seronegativa para el VIH, seguidos en un ambulatorio especializado en la atención al SIDA. El análisis se hizo con base en el Análisis de prosa de André (1983). El concepto de la vulnerabilidad fue adoptado como referencial teórico. La prevención sexual de HIV/sida para la pareja no infectada se constituye en uno de los mayores desafíos para las parejas serodiscordantes, porque el condón tiene la aceptación diferente entre los hombres y mujeres. La motivación mayor para el uso del preservativo entre las parejas serodiscordante no elimina las dificultades en su uso para el mantenimiento del sexo seguro. Las parejas serodiscordantes merecen la atención específica de los servicios de salud, y las estrategias preventivas deben contemplar los aspectos cultural y psicosocial que se constituyen en aspectos importantes de la vulnerabilidad de las parejas serodiscordantes.

During their academic activities, undergraduate nursing students are exposed to contamination by bloodborne pathogens, as well as by others found in body fluids, among which are the Human Immunodeficiency (HIV), Hepatitis B and C viruses. We developed a profile of victimized students, characterizing accidents with biological material occurring among undergraduate nursing students at a public university in São Paulo State, Brazil. We identified the main causes and evaluated the conduct adopted by students and their reactions and thoughts concerning the accidents. Seventy-two accidents were identified, of which 17% involved potentially contaminated biological material. Needles were the predominant cause of accidents. The most frequently involved topographic areas were the fingers. Only five students reported the accidents and sought medical care. Among these, two students were advised to begin prophylactic treatment against HIV infection by means of antiretroviral drugs. It was found that the risk of accidents is underestimated and that strategies such as formal teaching and continual training are necessary in order to make students aware of biosafety measures.

O controle das DST/aids representa desafio para a humanidade, considerando seu impacto biopsicosocial. Diante desta realidade, realizou-se um estudo exploratório, descritivo e documental, com os objetivos de caracterizar a produção científica sobre DST em 14 periódicos de enfermagem do Brasil, publicada no período de 1933 a 1999. A amostra constituiu-se de 73 publicações, sendo 55 referentes à temática HIV/aids e 18 sobre as demais DST. Os dados evidenciam que os autores, em sua maioria, são enfermeiros, atuam na área de docência, são procedentes do Estado de São Paulo, e têm privilegiado a temática HIV/aids em detrimento das outras DST, sendo sua produção científica escassa e descontínua.

This was a quantitative, descriptive cross-sectional study aiming to identify the sociodemographic, maternal and clinical conditions of children exposed to the Human Immunodeficiency Virus, who were treated in a reference hospital for infectious diseases in Fortaleza-Ceara. The sample consisted of 117 mothers who brought their children for consultation between July and December 2009. Data were collected through a semi-structured interview form. There was a higher percentage of mothers aged 20-29 years (53.8%), married (73.5%) and unemployed (68.3%). Most children were less than 12 months old (39.4%), did not receive governmental assistance (66.6%), and did not attend the health service on the scheduled date (77.0%). Some mothers did not use Zidovudine during pregnancy (15.4%), and eight children did not use it after birth (6.8%). Nineteen children did not use prophylaxic Trimethoprim-Sulfametaxazol in the first year of life. It was concluded that most children had socioeconomic difficulties that negatively influenced their health conditions.