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Introduction and objectives: Patients with left main coronary artery (LMCA) stenosis have been excluded from the trials that support the non-inferiority of the instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) compared to the fractional flow reserve (FFR) in the decision-making process of coronary revascularization. This study proposes to prospectively assess the concordance between the two indices in LMCA lesions and to validate the iFR cut-off value of 0.89 for clinical use. Methods: National, prospective, and observational multicenter registry of 300 consecutive patients with intermediate lesions in the LMCA (angiographic stenosis, 25% to 60%. A pressure gudiewire study and determination of the RFF and the iFR will be performed: in the event of a negative concordant result (FFR > 0.80/iFR > 0.89), no treatment will be performed; in case of a positive concordant result (FFR ≤ 0.80/iFR ≤ 0.89), revascularization will be performed; In the event of a discordant result (FFR> 0.80/iFR ≤ 0.89 or FFR ≤ 0.80/iFR> 0.89), an intravascular echocardiography will be performed and revascularization will be delayed if the minimum lumen area is > 6 mm2. The primary clinical endpoint will be a composite of cardiovascular death, LMCA lesion-related non-fatal infarction or need for revascularization of the LMCA lesion at 12 months. Conclusions: Confirm that an iFR-guided decision-making process in patients with intermediate LMCA stenosis is clinically safe and would have a significant clinical impact. Also, justify its systematic use when prescribing treatment in these potentially high-risk patients. Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov ( Identifier: NCT03767621).

Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) infection is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in people with cystic fibrosis (CF). There is no gold standard definition of chronic Pa infection in CF. We compared chronic Pa definitions using encounter-based versus annualized data in the Early Pseudomonas Infection Control (EPIC) Observational study cohort, and subsequently compared annualized chronic Pa definitions across a range of U.S. cohorts spanning decades of CF care. We found that an annualized chronic Pa definition requiring at least 1 Pa+ culture in 3 of 4 consecutive years ("Green 3/4") resulted in chronic Pa metrics similar to established encounter-based modified Leeds criteria definitions, including a similar age at and proportion who fulfilled chronic Pa criteria, and a similar proportion with sustained Pa infection after meeting the chronic Pa definition. The Green 3/4 chronic Pa definition will be valuable for longitudinal analyses in cohorts with limited culture frequency.

Considering the Geste des Loherains that he undertakes to change from verse to prose, Philippe de Vigneulles does not try to keep a neutral attitude in his work. On the contrary, he takes possession of the epic material but, as much as he can, he endeavours to transpose its epic style in his prose. According to his own assertion, his enterprise is intended for God and the City of Metz, and he is in permanent complicity with the epic characters and the community of Metz. For the sake of the latter, he displays some pedagogy, which allows the modern reader to guess his tastes and intentions, and to appreciate his own approach to historiography. Face aux chansons de la Geste des Loherains en vers qu’il entreprend de mettre en prose, Philippe de Vigneulles, « le mairchamps demorant audit Mets, derrier’ Sainct-Salvour, sus la rue des Bons Anffans », ne cherche pas à rester neutre ; au contraire, il s’en approprie la matière, mais aussi, autant qu’il le peut, en transpose le style. Déclarant travailler pour Dieu et pour la Cité de Metz, il est constamment en complicité avec les personnages épiques et la communauté messine. Pour celle-ci, il développe une certaine pédagogie qui permet au lecteur moderne de cerner ses goûts et ses intentions, et permet d’évaluer son rapport – original – à l’historiographie.

The epic synthesis in the works of I. S. Turgenev on the example of his last novel “Nov” is examined in the article. It is noted that the writer had high hopes for this work, since the novel was supposed to show Turgenev’s true position in relation to the Russian people and the future of Russia. It is pointed out that in “Nov” there is no extensively revealed theme of peasant life, but it does not recede into the background: Turgenev represents a collective image of the people, evaluates events from the people’s point of view. It is emphasized that the writer’s attention to the reaction of the public, conditioned by the desire not only to present the most complete picture of life in Russia, but also to show the reader timeless samples of meaningful life, rising above various “questions”, allows us to talk about the epic breadth of the novel. The author of the article proves that the artistic world of “Nov” can be read “layer by layer”, reaching the key meanings: behind the external clashes of political forces is the problem of the relationship between people, their willingness to help each other. Parallels are drawn between the three essays added to the book “Notes of a Hunter” and individual episodes of the novel “Nov”, their ideological and artistic connection is proved. It is concluded that the work of the late Turgenev cannot be analyzed without considering the opposition between the dramatic elements of destruction and the creative force, which is based on the Orthodox world outlook.

This article deals with Calchas’ prophecy and Diomedes’ and Ulysses’ interventions during the mustering of the Greeks at Aulis in Statius’ Achilleid (1.514–52). It will be argued that Calchas and Ulysses embody two different approaches to the generic tensions of the new epic which Statius’ poem represents. Calchas, the old uates of the Homeric tradition, seems unable to fully understand the ‘poetics of illusion’ enacted by Thetis and Achilles in disguise, as is clear from his vision. His point of view is skilfully complemented by Ulysses, who turns out to be the true uates, as well as the perfect leader for Achilles’ rescue. As the only figure who can face the fluid and ambiguous reality of the poem and its literary dynamics as well, Ulysses also stands as a poetic voice himself; through his speech, Statius reflects upon the tensions of his epic and the poetic effort needed to channel the narrative from the peaceful setting of Scyros to the martial horizon of Troy.

Satan's first words in Paradise Lost (‘how changed | From him’) famously allude to Book 2 of the Æneid. Interpretations of Satan's character and of the relationship between Milton's epic and its precursor have been enriched through recognition of this arresting intertextual moment. Recent theoretical and methodological innovations can help to reveal yet more about these intertextual dynamics. Milton alludes in a way that takes account of prior links in an allusive chain, responding not only to the Æneid but also to mediating texts, including Vida's Christiad, whose wresting of the Vergilian phrase to fresh use Milton repeats with crucial changes. Milton's allusion should also be situated within an even broader and more generically variegated network of print diffusion. Vergil's phrase became a commonplace, but still ran within semantic circuits relevant to the allusive chain linking post-Vergilian epics. Milton's ‘how changed’ in turn established itself as a poetic formula.

Objectives The purpose of this study was to describe the design and impact of a point-of-care ultrasound (PoCUS) workflow integrated into the electronic medical record (EMR) on PoCUS utilization, documentation compliance, and resultant revenue potential. Methods This was a single-center retrospective study at an academic center. The study period spanned from December 1, 2018 to June 30, 2019 (pre-implementation) to August 1, 2019 to February 29, 2020 (post-implementation). The implementation date was July 11, 2019 at which time a PoCUS workflow was integrated into the EMR in the emergency department without the purchase of middleware. Prior to this new workflow, a non-automated workflow was in place. PoCUS scan data were extracted from the EMR and archived examinations. The mean number of PoCUS examinations performed per month per 100 ED visits before and after implementation of the new workflow were compared using an unpaired t-test, stratified by all health care professionals, and attending physicians alone. The rate of documentation compliance before and after implementation of the new workflow were compared using a chi square contingency test. Potential revenue was calculated for each period by multiplying the number of eligible examinations by the respective 2020 Medicare conversion factor Relative Value Units. Results Utilization of PoCUS from pre-implementation to post-implementation increased 28.7% from 5.01 to 6.45 mean examinations per month per 100 ED visits by all health care professionals (p = 0.063), and 75.1% from 2.01 to 3.52 by attending physicians (p = 0.0001). Examinations in compliance with workflow requirements increased from 153 (14.7%) to 1307 (94.0%). The rate of workflow compliance improved from 14.7% to 94.0% of examinations (p Conclusions The implementation of a middleware-free PoCUS workflow at our institution was associated with increased PoCUS utilization, documentation compliance, and potential revenue.

This article analyzes the ballad Amărâta turturică (The Embittered Dove) in accordance with the symbolism of this bird in folk environments, being presented in different situations and existential hypostases, in accordance with the allegory of human destiny. The image-symbol "embtittered dove" is put at the service of remedying different contradictory states and feelings, depicting the drama of an existential destiny, marked by falls and inner collapses. The ballad about the widowed dove is related to a series of motifs and renders a "synthesis of symbols", tangent to the archetypal significance of some bird topos in our ritual folklore, to foreshadow the culmination of serious existential feelings. As metaphors of predestination, both the hunter and the dove express some tragic entities of human life, outline the meaning of a polarized destiny, marked by inner contradictions, deepen the idea of nostalgic loneliness in the face of irreversible passage.

The article reveals the deep connections of the “people’s thought” and Tolstoy’s philosophy of history in “War and Peace” with the theological and literary-critical works of A.S. Khomyakova. The author of the work analyzes the dispute between Tolstoy and the cult of an outstanding personality, with the Hegelian understanding of his role in the historical process. Tolstoy is alien to the Hegelian rise of “great personalities” over the masses, the Hegelian liberation of the “genius” from moral control and evaluation. Tolstoy believes that it is not an exceptional personality, but the life of the people that turns out to be the most sensitive organism, catching the will of Providence, intuitively sensing the hidden meaning of the historical movement. Anticipating Tolstoy, Khomyakov sharply criticizes the cult of personality in the church hierarchy, the Catholic dogma of papal infallibility, of the unconditional authority of an individual in matters of conscience and faith. Khomyakov reveals deep religious roots that feed the centuries-old Western enmity towards Russia. The article proves that Tolstoy is close to Khomyakov’s idea that Divine Providence overshadows with its grace only the believing people, united into a single organism by Christian love, that the epic basis of “War and Peace” is anticipated in Khomyakov’s literary-critical works “Glinka’s Opera ‘Life for Tsar’”, “On the Possibility of the Russian Art School”, “Ivanov’s Painting. Letter to the editor of ‘Russian Beseda’”. The article proves that “War and Peace” overcomes the conflict between the individual and society, the hero and the people, and reveals the epic horizons lost in the Western European novel.

Background/aim While controversial, cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with heated intra-peritoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) and early postoperative intra-peritoneal chemotherapy (EPIC) remains the mainstay of treatment for low grade appendiceal neoplasm with pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP). Our study aimed to investigate the difference in survival when administering HIPEC alone vs. HIPEC + EPIC. Additionally, we examined whether the duration of EPIC affects survival. Patients and methods We compared the difference in survival in 238 patients who underwent CRS + HIPEC alone vs. CRS + HIPEC/EPIC combination for low grade appendiceal cancer. We also compared short course (1-2 days) vs. long course (3-5 days) of EPIC. Results HIPEC/EPIC combination group (n=179) showed a significantly better 5-year survival of 95% compared to 71% in HIPEC alone (n=59). There was no statistically significant difference in 5-year survival between short course (n=22) and long course of EPIC (n=157). Conclusion Combined use of HIPEC and EPIC improves 5-year survival in low-grade appendiceal neoplasm. Two days of EPIC are sufficient.

This study discusses the concepts of Khizra, the forty chiltanas in the epic poem "Manas". The great epic poem of the Kyrgyz people "Manas" contains symbols of many epochs and concepts of Islam that require a separate study. Many words have appeared due to the spread of Islam among the Kyrgyz. In ancient works, there are frequent mentions of words that are incomprehensible to most people such as archaisms and neologisms. In the epic poem, there are episodes where Manas met Khizra, the forty chiltanas, and they told the hero about Islam and told him to follow the path of God. They also help the hero Manas in any difficult situation. This is found in almost all versions of the epic poem "Manas". This study used several research methods including analysis. The concepts of these words were analyzed based on the variants of S. Orozbakov and S. Karalaev. The study also analyses the motives in the epic poem "Manas" in the plot composition of various versions of this legend and the themes revolving around the miraculous birth of the hero and heroic amusements.

Epigenetic clocks based on DNA methylation (DNAm) can accurately predict chronological age and are thought to capture biological aging. A variety of epigenetic clocks have been developed for different tissue types and age ranges, but none have focused on postnatal age prediction for preterm infants. Epigenetic estimators of biological age might be especially informative in epidemiologic studies of neonates since DNAm is highly dynamic during the neonatal period and this is a key developmental window. Additionally, markers of biological aging could be particularly important for those born preterm since they are at heightened risk of developmental impairments. We aimed to fill this gap by developing epigenetic clocks for neonatal aging in preterm infants. As part of the Neonatal Neurobehavior and Outcomes in Very Preterm Infants (NOVI) study, buccal cells were collected at NICU discharge to profile DNAm levels in 542 very preterm infants. We applied elastic net regression to identify four epigenetic clocks (NEOage Clocks) predictive of post-menstrual and postnatal age, compatible with the Illumina EPIC and 450K arrays. We observed high correlations between predicted and reported ages (0.93 – 0.94) with root mean squared errors (1.28 - 1.63 weeks). Epigenetic estimators of neonatal aging in preterm infants can be useful tools to evaluate biological maturity and associations with neonatal and long-term morbidities.

Epic is the Tamil form of the word epic. It is a literary form structured with various elements. Among them the branch is the main component. It is created to support the purpose of coffee. This is the storyline that lies within the central story. Silappathikaram also presents several branch stories with them as a consensual literary form. The central story is the life struggle story of Kovalan - Kannaki - Madhavi, the pioneer of Tamil coffee, Ilangovadikal and Silappathikaram. Several episodes interspersed with the Silappathikara central story expand the scope of the epic story. In particular, 32 episodes co-exist with Kovalan Kannaki's biography, giving a twist, emphasis, clarity and significance to the elemental. These stories complement the silappathikaram storytelling and copy structure. Anecdotes are used in the silappathikaram to reinforce the author's ideas, to advance the narrative and the personality of the characters, and to identify the context and silappathikaram of the narrative and its use. The study focuses on scholasticism with a view to revealing and documenting the role of branch stories in such copywriting. The scholastic epic of the juveniles has been used primarily for this study and related essays, journals, and electronic commentary have also been used as research data. The study also emphasizes that many more such studies should be carried out by researchers in view of the importance of branch stories and their contribution to copywriting.

Objectives In an era of increasing electronic health record (EHR) use monitoring and optimization, this study aims to quantify resident contributions and measure the effect of otolaryngology resident coverage in clinic on attending otolaryngologist EHR usage. Methods In one academic otolaryngology department, monthly attending provider efficiency profile metrics, data collected by the EHR vendor (Epic Systems Corporation) between January and June 2019 were accessed. Using weekly resident schedules, resident coverage of attending outpatient clinics was categorized by junior (post‐graduate year [PGY] 1‐3) and senior levels (PGY‐4 through fellows) and correlated with attending EHR metrics using linear mixed effect models. Results Thirteen attending otolaryngologists on average spent 58.8 minutes per day interacting with the EHR. In modeling, one day of trainee clinic coverage was associated with a 22 minutes reduction (95% CI [−37, −6]) in total daily attending EHR time and a 12 minutes reduction (95% CI [−21, −3]) in per day note time (P

C.S. Lewis believed that Jesus Christ embodied, in historical fact, a mythic pattern of dying and rising exemplified by deities such as Balder and Osiris. Taken from James Frazer's Golden Bough, an enormously influential work of early anthropological scholarship, the idea of a generalized ‘dying and rising’ motif is now substantially outmoded. Resting specifically on the resemblance between that motif and the story of Christ, and not (unlike Tolkien's argument from myth) on the gospel's general qualities as a story, Lewis's argument from myth thus presupposes an incorrect vision of actual ancient pagan religion. That shortcoming is not fatal, however. In contrast to Chesterton in The Everlasting Man (another formative influence), Lewis used an aesthetic or ideal, rather than a historical, conception of myth, which he carefully distinguished from the word's ordinary senses. Although Lewis did believe that ancient myth-makers worshipped ‘dying and rising’ gods, the core of his case is ‘our’ apprehension of a mythic quality in such stories and the Gospels, independent of the beliefs of ancient writers or hearers of myths. That conclusion should discourage overly sanguine appropriations of Lewis's arguments, which never developed into a general theory of mythology and, once the historicity of the ‘dying and rising’ motif is set aside, can be developed into a case much like Tolkien's.

This paper compares narrative modification in the Mongolian heroic epic The Epic of Geser with that of the Buddhist Mulian story. The Mulian story, in which the protagonist saves his mother from the underworld gained widespread popularity in its time. Mulian Bianwen from the Tang dynasty, presents the scenes from the story in a very dramatic manner. The Mongolian Geser epic uses this motif but adapts the story to fit the characteristics of a heroic epic for nomadic people. Heroic epics must contain motifs that depict the image of their protagonist to present a collection of exemplary characters. To create a complete heroic epic, the story of Geser absorbed a religious story from another culture that was very popular at the time. In the present study, five scenes common to The Epic of Geser and the Mulian story are analysed to investigate how the original Buddhist story became a part of the heroic epic. This analysis considers the ways in which identical story motifs can be used for the different purposes according to the nature of the literary work.

Background Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is greatly affected by prostate cancer (PCa) and associated treatments. This study aimed to measure the impact of radiotherapy on HRQoL and to further validate the Spanish version of the 16-item Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC-16) in routine clinical practice. Methods An observational, non-interventional, multicenter study was conducted in Spain with localized PCa patients initiating treatment with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) or brachytherapy (BQT). Changes from baseline in EPIC-16, University of California-Los Angeles Prostate Cancer Index (UCLA-PCI), and patient-perceived health status were longitudinally assessed at end of radiotherapy (V2) and 90 days thereafter (V3). Psychometric evaluations of the Spanish EPIC-16 were conducted. Results Of 516 patients enrolled, 495 were included in the analysis (EBRT, n = 361; BQT, n = 134). At baseline, mean (standard deviation [SD]) EPIC-16 global scores were 11.9 (7.5) and 10.3 (7.7) for EBRT and BQT patients, respectively; scores increased, i.e., HRQoL worsened, from baseline, by mean (SD) of 6.8 (7.6) at V2 and 2.4 (7.4) at V3 for EBRT and 4.2 (7.6) and 3.9 (8.2) for BQT patients. Changes in Spanish EPIC-16 domains correlated well with urinary, bowel, and sexual UCLA-PCI domains. EPIC-16 showed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = .84), reliability, and construct validity. Conclusion The Spanish EPIC-16 questionnaire demonstrated sensitivity, strong discriminative properties and reliability, and validity for use in clinical practice. EPIC-16 scores worsened after radiotherapy in different HRQoL domains; however, a strong tendency towards recovery was seen at the 3-month follow-up visit.

The Old French epic poem La Prise d’Orange (late 12th-early 13th c.) systematically treats the conventional motifs, narrative patterns, characters and style of the chanson de geste with a comedic irreverence and an ironic distance that have led it to be labeled “the courtly parody of an epic,” but the text remains fundamentally organized by the generic paradigm from which it pointedly deviates. In Genettian terms, the Prise’s dominant hypertextual operation is travesty, which burlesques a prestigious text or story by recasting its characters and action in a ridiculously incongruous style—here, the narrative and rhetorical style associated with courtly discourse. The Prise cultivates a somewhat anxious enjoyment of its subversion of epic norms by thematizing the “folly” of its protagonist, Guillelme, whose absurd impersonation of a courtly lover casts doubt upon his legitimacy as an epic hero and the Prise’s “authenticity” as a chanson de geste. However, satirical transformation is ultimately reincorporated into the genre’s conservative narrative and ideological frameworks in a manner difficult to grasp through Genette’s system for lack of adequate distinctions between satire’s various possible ideological functions and stakes. La chanson de geste La Prise d’Orange (fin xiie-début xiiie s.) montre envers les motifs, les schémas narratifs, les personnages et le style conventionnels du genre une irrévérence soutenue, et garde vis-à-vis d’eux une distance ironique, qui lui ont mérité la réputation de « la parodie courtoise d’une épopée ». Le poème est pourtant foncièrement ordonnancé par le paradigme générique dont il s’efforce de s’écarter. En termes genettiens, le procédé hypertextuel qui prédomine dans la Prise est le travestissement, qui tourne en ridicule un texte ou un récit prestigieux en transposant son action et ses personnages dans un style plaisamment incongru—ici, le style rhétorique et narratif associé au discours courtois. La Prise suscite une appréciation quelque peu inquiète de sa subversion des normes épiques en thématisant la « folie » du protagoniste, Guillelme, dont l’imitation absurde d’un amant courtois jette un doute sur son statut de héros épique légitime et sur l’« authenticité » du texte en tant que chanson de geste. Mais la transformation satirique est enfin réincorporée dans les structures narratives et idéologiques conservatrices du genre d’une manière dont le système genettien ne peut que malaisément rendre compte, faute des distinctions nécessaires entre les divers fonctions et enjeux idéologiques possibles de la satire. La chanson de geste La Prise d’Orange (fine XII-inizio XIII secolo) mostra una sostenuta irriverenza e un’ironica distanza dai motivi convenzionali, dagli schemi narrativi, dai personaggi e dallo stile del genere, che le hanno fatto guadagnare la reputazione di « parodia cortese di un’epica ». Eppure il poema è fondamentalmente ordinato dal paradigma generico da cui si sforza di allontanarsi. In termini genettiani, il dispositivo ipertestuale predominante in La Prise è il travestimento, che ridicolizza un testo o una narrazione prestigiosa trasponendo la sua azione e i suoi personaggi in uno stile piacevolmente incongruo – qui, lo stile retorico e narrativo associato al discorso cortese. La Prise suscita un apprezzamento un po’ scomodo della sua sovversione delle norme epiche attraverso la tematizzazione della « follia » del protagonista, Guillelme, la cui assurda imitazione di un amante cortese mette in dubbio il suo status di legittimo eroe epico e l’« autenticità » del testo come chanson de geste. Ma la trasformazione satirica viene infine reincorporata nelle strutture narrative e ideologiche conservatrici del genere in un modo che il sistema genettiano può solo mal spiegare, mancando le necessarie distinzioni tra le varie funzioni possibili e le poste in gioco ideologiche della satira.

Lower status of women is a stain on any society. The problem is becoming glaring in India in the wake of atrocities caused against women ‘from womb to tomb’. Even in this twenty first century, the impact of manuvadi ideology is getting evidently felt. ‘A thinking woman spoils everything’ is still the mindset. Maladies like honour killing, bride burning are still gloating over the security of women in the wake of the internalized mindset of patriarchal dictum, viz. ‘A woman does not deserve any freedom’ (Na stri swatantryam arhati). Since time immemorial, she was always taken for granted though she had never remained silent. The depiction of Draupadi in various writings underscores woman’s protest against male dichotomy and her refusal to live by disabling definitions that mark women as inferior.

This work examines the plot of Two Thousand Seasons as an epic plot. The work contends that contrary to the popular belief that an epic narrative is a new form in Africa, epic narratives have long been known in African literary cycles. There are many models on the Epic analysis, but in this work, Albert Sackey’s eight-part division of the epic plot as identified by Aristotle is used in this analysis. In the Poetics, Aristotle identified five elements of an epic: plot, character, setting, diction and thought. Two Thousand Seasons is subjected to an epic plot analysis. In analysing the epic plot, Albert Sackey’s eight-point parts of the epic plot, which he refers to as “structural devices” of the Epic: the unity of time and action, Deux ex Machina, in medias res, opening invocation, extensive geographical travelling, catalogues of troops, digressions and division of texts, are used in this analysis.

A detailed reconstruction of the history behind the creation and publication of I. Selvinsky’s Ulyalaevshchina, a narrative poem about the Russian civil war in the Urals, following the 1917 revolution. Composed in 1924, Ulyalaevshchina was first published in 1927 and then underwent numerous alterations by Selvinsky, to a detrimental effect. The 1920s–1930s saw four publications of the poem as a separate book; the poem was considered a masterpiece of Selvinsky’s and of contemporary Soviet poetic output in general. However, its subsequent publications in the 1930s were unofficially vetoed up until the early Thaw years, when, in 1956, the poem was published again upon radical redrafting by the author. The scholar makes a meticulous comparison between various archive versions of Ulyalaevshchina, comments on textual juxtapositions and finds that the poem, conceived as a ‘verse novel’ about the Russian civil war and the Bolshevik pillaging of rural settlements during the food confiscation campaign (prodrazvyorstka), was intentionally rewritten by Selvinsky as an exemplary Soviet epic, which could not but damage the poem’s quality and intonation.

This article presents first editions of three large manuscripts of the Epic of Creation from the “Sippar Library,” and eight smaller fragments from the British Museum’s “Babylon” and “Sippar” collections. In addition to restoring several lines of various episodes of the text, they provide an almost complete restoration of the two closing verses of the Babylonian version of the poem.

تایبەتمەندییە گشتییەكانى ئێپیك و لیریك لە ئەدەبیاتى هەورامیدا" كە هەڵگۆزراوى نامەى دكتۆراكەمانە ،هەوڵى ئاوڕدانەوەیەكى زانستییە لەم دوو ژانرە گرنگەى شیعرى لیریكى (هەورامى) و ڕۆشنكردنەوەى بابەت و لایەنى ئیستێتیكیانە، هەروەها هێنانەوەى نموونەى شیعریى هەردوو ژانرەكەو تیشكۆكردنیانە ... لە ڕاستیدا یەكەم جار ڕۆژهەڵاتناس و كوردناسى دیارى ڕووس ڤ . ف . مینۆرسكى ئەدەبیاتى گۆرانى (هەورامى) بەسەر سێ ژانر : 1-ئێپیك (شیعرى چیرۆكى) ؛ 2- شیعرى ئاینى ؛ 3- لیریك (شیعرى گۆرانى "وجدانى" - "غنائى" ) دا دابەشكردووە . توێژینەوەكەى ئێمەش هەر لە چوارچێوەى ئەم بابەتەدایە ،بۆیە كۆشاوین هەمەلایەنە و بە كورتى وچڕى لێكدانەوە و شیكاریى شیعرییان بۆ بكەین و بەهاى جوانیى زمان و ناسكبێژیى نموونە شیعرییە ناوازەكانى بدەینە بەر ڕۆشنایى

This paper presents the topical issue of the role of aggressive domestic and foreign policy of the German rulers of the XIII century. According to the plot of the epic poem «Kudrun», at the heart of the aggressive domestic and foreign policy of the German rulers is a global conflict involving man and the world, people and their religious worldview, the hierarchy of relations of the individual, wildlife and descendants of the «elite», king, queen and the authority of the church, upbringing and education, the beauty of a young woman and the hostility of a man, the jealousy of a brave old king-father and the cruelty of an elderly woman-queen-mother, and so on. Oppositions are also found in the categories of «one’s own» and «foreign», good and evil, old and new, earthly and unearthly, material and ideal, perfect and imperfect, living and inanimate, free from slavery and enslaved, bodily, mental and spiritual, mind and emotions. There is a bifurcation of the whole objective world into its physical existence and meaning. At the same time, the ideal behavior of knights is transformed – the support of German kings. There are relationships – «knight – thief, robber», «knight – barbarian», «knight – animal». Aggressive human behavior as a social being has a moral character. In the question of immorality, the medial man is influenced by ancient psychology, paganism and Christianity. The aim of the article is to identify German language units with the meaning of aggression in the Middle Ages. The study used deductive, structural-semantic, logical-semantic, contextual analysis, the method of linguistic description and analysis of dictionary definitions. The results of the study include clarification of the concept of «aggression», tracing its semantic content in time, highlighting the system of language units such as word, proper name, phrase (free and permanent), sentence (simple, complex, complex, combined, supra-phrase unity) and elucidation of the peculiarities of the formation of the phenomenon. It has been proven that aggression can be natural or artificial. Natural aggression is characteristic of the element of water, wild animals and man as a biological being, artificial – man as a social being and supernatural beings who embody evil.Aggression correlates with gender, age and culture: a man is aggressive at any age and in any culture, a woman – only in old age, being in the status of a mother who wishes her child a happy fate and being a foreigner. We conclude that the concept of aggression in medieval Germany is associated primarily with extralinguistic factors (religion, domestic and foreign policy, social, economic and cultural-historical development), refracted verbally by the author of the epic poem «Kudrun».Key words: the Middle ages, aggression, man, animal, element, word, proper name, phrase, sentence. Статтю присвячено актуальній проблемі щодо ролі агресивної внутрішньої і зовнішньої політики германських можновладців ХІІІ ст. Згідно з фабулою епічної поеми «Кудруна», в підвалинах агресивної внутрішньої і зовнішньої політики германських можновладців лежить глобальний конфлікт, що включає в себе людину і навколишній світ, людей і їхній релігійний світогляд, ієрархію стосунків індивідуума, диких тварин і нащадків «еліти», авторитет короля, королеви й авторитет церкви, виховання й освіту, красу молодої жінки й ворожість чоло-віка, ревнощі сміливого літнього короля-батька й жорстокість літньої жінки-королеви-матері тощо. Опозиції виявляємо і в категоріях «свого» й «чужого», добра й зла, старого й нового, земного й неземного, матеріального й ідеального, досконалого й недосконалого, живого й неживого, вільного від рабства й поневоленого, тілесного, душевного й духовного, розуму й емоцій. Відбувається роздвоєння цілісного предметного світу на його фізичне буття і значення. Разом з цим трансформується ідеальна поведінка лицарів – опори германських королів. Виникають нові співвідношення – «лицар – злодій, розбійник», «лицар – варвар», «лицар – тварина». Агресивна поведінка людини як соціальної істоти має моральний характер. У питанні про аморальність медіальна людина перебуває під впливом античної психології, язичництва та християнства. Метою статті є виявлення німецьких мовних одиниць зі значенням агресивності в середні віки. В ході дослідження було використано дедуктивний, структурно-семантичний, логіко-семантичний, контекстуальний аналізи, метод лінгвістичного опису та аналіз словникових дефініцій. Результати дослідження охоплюють уточнення поняття «агресивність», простеження його смислового наповнення на часовому зрізі, виокремлення системи мовних одиниць як-от слово, власна назва, словосполучення (вільне й стале), речення (просте, складне, ускладнене, комбіноване, надфразова єдність) та з’ясування особливостей формування феномену. Доведено, що агресивність може бути природною та штучною. Природна агресивність характерна стихії води, диким тваринам і людині як біологічній істоті, штучна – людині як соціальній істоті та надприродним істотам, що втілюють у собі зло. Агресивність корелює зі статтю, віком і культурою: чоловік – агресивний у будь-якому віці та в будь-якій культурі, жінка – лише в літньому віці, перебуваючи в статусі матері, яка бажає своїй дитині щасливої долі та будучи іноземкою. Висновуємо, що поняття агресивності в середньовічній Німеччині пов’язане насамперед з позамовними чинни-ками (релігія, внутрішня і зовнішня політика, соціальний, економічний і культурно-історичний розвиток), заломленими автором епічної поеми «Кудруна» вербально.Ключові слова: середні віки, агресивність, людина, тварина, стихія, слово, власна назва, словосполучення, речення.

The lack of knowledge about the onset and progression of Parkinson’s disease (PD) hampers its early diagnosis and treatment. Metabolomics might shed light on the PD imprint seeking a broader view of the biochemical remodeling induced by this disease in an early and pre-symptomatic stage and unveiling potential biomarkers. To achieve this goal, we took advantage of the great potential of the European Prospective Study on Nutrition and Cancer (EPIC) cohort to apply metabolomics searching for early diagnostic PD markers. This cohort consisted of healthy volunteers that were followed for around 15 years until June 2011 to ascertain incident PD. For this untargeted metabolomics-based study, baseline preclinical plasma samples of 39 randomly selected individuals that developed PD (Pre-PD group) and the corresponding control group were analyzed using a multiplatform approach. Data were statistically analyzed and exposed alterations in 33 metabolites levels, including significantly lower levels of free fatty acids (FFAs) in the preclinical samples from PD subjects. These results were then validated by adopting a targeted HPLC-QqQ-MS approach. After integrating all the metabolites affected, our finding revealed alterations in FFAs metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and gut–brain axis dysregulation long before the development of PD hallmarks. Although the biological purpose of these events is still unknown, the remodeled metabolic pathways highlighted in this work might be considered worthy prognostic biomarkers of early prodromal PD. The findings revealed by this work are of inestimable value since this is the first study conducted with samples collected many years before the disease development.

Live streaming services enable the audience to interact with one another and the streamer over live content. The surging popularity of live streaming platforms has created a competitive environment. To retain existing viewers and attract newcomers, streamers and fans often create a well-condensed summary of the streamed content. However, this process is manual and costly due to the length of online live streaming events. The current study identifies enjoyable moments in user-generated live video content by examining the audiences’ collective evaluation of its epicness. We characterize what features “epic” moments and present a deep learning model to extract them based on analyzing two million user-recommended clips and the associated chat conversations. The evaluation shows that our data-driven approach can identify epic moments from user-generated streamed content that cover various contexts (e.g., victory, funny, awkward, embarrassing). Our user study further demonstrates that the proposed automatic model performs comparably to expert suggestions. We discuss implications of the collective decision-driven extraction in identifying diverse epic moments in a scalable way.

Background Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) prevents HIV infection but relies on good adherence at times of risk, termed "prevention-effective adherence." Most studies assess adherence without reference to sexual behaviur, making it challenging to determine if poor adherence coincides with HIV risk. Setting We examined data from a behavioral substudy of a large-scale PrEP implementation trial in New South Wales, Australia. Methods Trial participants completed optional brief quarterly surveys, reporting the number of pills taken and sexual behavior with male partners for each day of the "last full week" before each survey. Condomless sex (CLS) was defined as "higher risk" for HIV when with HIV-positive men with detectable/unknown viral loads or unknown HIV status men. Adequate PrEP protection was defined as ≥4 pills for participants assigned male sex at birth and ≥6 pills for participants assigned female sex at birth (including transgender men). Results Of 9596 participants dispensed PrEP, 4401 completed baseline and ≥1 follow-up survey. Participants reported on 12,399 "last full weeks": 7485 weeks (60.4%) involved CLS and 2521 weeks (33.7% of CLS-weeks) involved higher risk CLS. There were 103 weeks in which participants did not have adequate PrEP protection and had higher risk CLS: 4.1% of higher-risk CLS weeks (n = 103/2521), 1.4% of all CLS weeks (n = 103/7485), and 0.8% of all observed weeks (n = 103/12,399). Conclusions In a large PrEP trial, prevention-effective adherence to PrEP was very high at 99%. Our findings illustrate the importance of measuring pill-taking and sexual behavior in the same period so that prevention-effective adherence can be better estimated.

A dramaturgia da peça em um ato In our Profession, de Tennessee Williams, coteja a figuração dramatúrgica estereotipada das coristas, identificada em diversas obras de sua fase inicial. Com essa identificação, este trabalho revelou a mulher retratada de forma satírica, em contraponto com o papel social de gênero. Denotou, também, o emprego das formas expressionista e épica não brechtiana para dar conta do conteúdo crítico social no retrato destas showgirls. A abordagem contemplou a análise de expedientes estéticos e históricos da conjuntura da peça. Por fim, apresentou o dramaturgo como um crítico sociopolítico que utiliza diálogos líricos inspirados em roteiros cinematográficos da década de 1930.

Contributions of Tamil Bhakti poets to the literature have been significant in the past along with the contributions that they made to the social upliftment of the society. Ramavataram, popularly referred to as Kamba Ramayanam, is a Tamil epic that was written by the Tamil poet Kambar based on sanskrit version of Valmiki Ramayanam that describes the life of King Rama of Ayodhya. In this epic Hanuman is a imporatant character. The Tamil poet Kachiyappa sivachariyar greatest composition is the Kandha puranam based on sanskrit version of Sivasankara sangithai. The great warrior Veerabagu Dhevar is close associate of Lord Muruga. This article mainly focuses on stunning similarities between the supernatural powers of the ardent devotee, dedicated Hanuman described in Kamba Ramayanam and Veerabagu Dhevar in kandha puranam.

Visualizing Beowulf has always been problematic, which is a paradox in itself taking into account the highly visual power the Old English epic poem holds. As far as films are concerned, we are still waiting for “a full-length Beowulf film that actually sticks pretty closely to the poem” (Haydock & Risden 2013: 186).

Based on the analysis of the poem by G.R. Derzhavin “Hymn lyric-epic on driving out the French from the Fatherland”, the article demonstrates how this text predicted the changes in the state rhetoric and ideology of the Russian Empire in 1813–1815. Creating this text as an ideological poem and developing the motive of the Russian people there, Derzhavin left the civil understanding of it widespread in poetry during the Patriotic War in which people are recognized as an autonomous figure in history, independent of either the tsar or God and gave the motive a biblical dimension: opposition of Russia and France are compared to the ontological battle of divine and demonic forces. In “Hymn lyric-epic …” the idea of messianism of the Russian people sounds louder than in other modern poems. Moreover, Derzhavin's poem was one of the first, in which the plot of the Patriotic War of 1812 is clearly, voluminously and consistently set out: from the awakening of Napoleon (“Dragon or the serpentine demon”) to the final triumph of the Russians chosen by God and led by the archangel-like Mikhail Kutuzov, and the flight of the French emperor from the borders of the Russian Empire.

This article examines the depiction of violence in early female-authored translations and adaptations of the Nibelungenlied. For sixty years, anglophone reception of this text, then frequently characterized as the German national epic, was the preserve of male writers, but in 1877, Auber Forestier published Echoes from Mist-Land, a free adaptation. By 1905 she had been followed by four other women. Margaret Armour and Alice Horton produced fairly close translations. Two others, Lydia Hands and Gertrude Schottenfels, adapted the material for children. All based their work on nineteenth-century German publications, and each took a different approach to the violence of the female protagonist, Kriemhild. These range from the exculpatory – a rewriting which eliminates female-authored violence; a legalistic defence of insanity; a subtle shifting of the blame on to male characters – to a moralizing rejection which emphasizes Kriemhild’s violence. The rationale for each approach is anchored in contemporary understandings of violent women.

The culture-specific vocabulary in the texts of epic works, which expresses the peculiarity of the culture of the people, creates certain difficulties in translation. In the proposed study, the analysis of the transmission of culture-specific vocabulary Olonkho “Nurgun Bootur the Swift” by P.A. Sleptsova in Russian and English. 825 examples were collected and grouped based on the classification of S. Vlakhov and S. Florin, the following groups were identified: proper names, realities, phraseological units, addresses, interjections, onomatopoeia. The analysis of the translation revealed that the most commonly used methods are transcription when translating proper names, realities and interjections; descriptive translation when translating proper names and realities as a commentary to the text, as well as, in some cases, when translating realities, phraseological units and addresses is used in the text itself; approximate translation when translating addresses, phraseological units and onomatopoeia. In the translations under consideration, the national flavor and specificity of the original language are preserved, and the translation methods are used in approximately the same amount for each group of of culture-specific vocabulary.

This scientific article describes the epic interpretation of the wedding in "Alpomish" epic and the folklore, customs and regional features of the wedding ceremony.

Introduction. Uzbek and English people live in different continents, however the similarity in subjects, classification and representation of heroes can be observed in their folklore. Fairy tales, myths, legends, epics reflect the lifestyle, culture, beliefs and worldview of each nation. They embody national aspects for sure. National identities are reflected in images of protagonists and helpers in any genre of folklore. Research methods. Awareness of other cultures demands investigations in many spheres, including literature and folklore. Comparative-typological and historical-comparative analysis of the image of epic helper are the main methods used in our research. Results and discussions. The image of the patron saint heroes is rooted in pre-Islamic.

The article discusses the experience of creating sonnets and epics in Uzbek poetry, the peculiarities of this genre, the artistic features of sonnets and epics. The author B.Boykobilov's contribution to the creation of works in the genre of sonnet-epic, tried to scientifically describe the experiences and traditions gained in this genre.

The article analyses the symbolic correspondences between the image of the priest in the epic poems “Who Is Happy in Russia?” by Nikolay Nekrasov and “The Land of the Fathers” by Sergey Gusev-Orenburgsky. The author of the work turns to the process of creating the image of the priest by Nikolay Nekrasov and shows the duality of this figure, which arose due to the fact that at first the poet used to take a dislike to the priest, but gradually Nikolay Nekrasov approached the assessment of the environment precisely from the position of religious consciousness in his best works. In the final text, the poet, as it were, combined two views: the impression of the priest’s well-fed and contented life, expressed by Luka the peasant, and the peculiar ideal of the life of a priest as the spiritual father of the people. Creatively mastering many of Nikolay Nekrasov's finds and achievements, his images of fighters and truth-lovers, at the turn of the 19th century, Sergey Gusev-Orenburgsky created an example of an autobiographical hero breaking with his environment, embodying in the artistic world of the story, but this time in relation to different heroes, the dual assessment of Nikolay Nekrasov’s priests. Following Nikolay Nekrasov, Sergey Gusev-Orenburgsky looked for real figures among the people who acted in accordance with Christian ethics, who could not isolate themselves from the world and who thought about the happiness of the people.

The Mahabharata is an epic with encyclopaedic complexity. It weaves many mundane issues of political and social relevance with those of theology and philosophy. Without doubt the Mahabharata is a troubled story, a story of war and violence. Troubled times beckon distinct solutions, which appear at odds with socially recognized norms. The text understands these solutions in terms of apaddharma, the law of Exigency. We need to locate the concept and theory of apaddharma within the magnum Opus and attempt to comprehend its many layered meaning along with investigating if it were a digression from dharma. The vital issue is to postulate how it came to imply a law in the times of emergency. We mull over a number of issues that push one to use the tool of apaddharma. For instance, how do people negotiate crisis, especially the one that threatens their survival? Can a king justifiably stabilise his rule by becoming violent and what are the limits to political behaviour in the world of realpolitik? How does political conduct be adjusted within the frames of morality that demands steadfast conduct of ethical behaviour? Can the laws of apaddharma come to the rescue of the populace and the king? The dialectics becomes evident as we go deeper into studying the issue though our queries also start getting answered

Education related to problems in the shipping industry to the general public who have no background in the shipping industry and activities when ships dock at the port becomes a challenge to conduct research. This research develops multimedia motion graphics to combine graphic design, animation, text, and sound in visualizing materials and activities in the shipping industry. Stages of making multimedia start from ideas, narration, storyboard, tracing, editing, rendering, and testing. The research uses the EPIC Model testing by paying attention to aspects of empathy, persuasion, impact, and communication. The results of testing the effectiveness of the EPIC model obtained an EPIC rate of 4.15, which means that the resulting motion graph falls within the effective range criteria. Index terms— multimedia; motion graphic; EPIC model; effectiveness

Understanding the complex phenomenon of project failure can facilitate improved project management and lower the risk of future project failure. Using a qualitative pre-study combined with a quantitative survey conducted with project managers, the study assesses the reasons for, as well as the outcomes and indicators of, project failure. The study (1) identifies planning as well as people factors as significant reasons for project failure, (2) explores outcomes of project failure, and (3) identifies key indicators and early warning signs of project failure. The results provide multifaceted insights into the phenomenon of project failure, and the authors provide specific theoretical, methodological, and managerial implications.

With the publication in 1762 of Fingal, the ancient epic poem James Macpherson claimed to have reconstructed from Erse sources, scholarly warfare broke out. The hitherto unassailable Irish bard Oisín was unexpectedly confronted with a rival Scottish claimant to the authorship of the Fionn Mac Cumhaill saga: Ossian. A consensus quickly emerged among outraged Irish antiquarians that Macpherson was a very clever fraudster who had ‘usurped the Fenian cycles of Gaelic Ireland’ for commercial gain. The controversy refused to die down, and half a century later there was still no final verdict on the alleged hoax. This article provides fresh perspectives on this controversy.