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In recent years, voice interaction-based control systems have attracted considerable attention for industrial control systems implementing Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) technologies. The development of automated semantic understanding relates to the industrial Internet equipment used to realize remote voice control as well as to its intelligent management and control. In these emerging voice interaction-enabled industrial central control systems, sorting technologies are considered critical. For complex user questions, the level of satisfaction regarding the answers given by such systems tends to be low. Driven by these challenges and opportunities, the optimization of conventional retrieval-based question answering through deep learning methods has become popular. In this study, we propose three deep semantic sorting models based on deep learning, including a multi-layer convolutional matching sorting model for single documents and two interactive pairwise BERT(Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) sorting models for document pairs. Two main network architectures are proposed to model document pairs, named Pairwise-Twin-BERT and Pairwise-Triple-BERT. Experimental results indicate that proposed models performed better than state-of-the-art methods based on text matching in a candidate document sorting task.

Stenting for lower tracheal stenosis is a tricky situation and for the safe conduct of anesthesia, it is imperative to maintain spontaneous respiration. Airway topicalization is routinely recommended for anticipated difficult airway. We report a case of upper airway obstruction following lidocaine nebulization in a patient to be taken for tracheal stenting for lower tracheal stenosis. We would like to highlight that close monitoring of the patient is advisable during airway topicalization to detect any airway obstruction at the earliest and how fiberoptic intubation can play a pivotal role to secure the airway in an emergency scenario.

Introduction: Many studies conducted in different countries or geographic locations had reported different reasons as a major cause for permanent teeth extractions. Many patients report to our OPD for extraction and refuse other treatment options. This had led to early edentulism and decreased quality of life in our population. Methods: A sample size of 1000 who had tooth extracted in Nepalgunj Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kohalpur and consented to take part were included in this study from April 2019 to March 2022. Collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences software (SPSS) Version 25 and Chi-square test was used to compare between different variables. Results: A total of 1000 (male 346(34.6%) and female 654(65.4%)) patients underwent extractions of 1306 teeth. The mean age of the patient was 44.27±17.488. Teeth were extracted most commonly in 4th decade of life and third molars were the most commonly extracted teeth. The most common reason for tooth loss is dental caries 939(71.9%). The most common cause for preventable tooth loss were Patient unwillingness to save the tooth 104(37.54%). Complications occurred in 61(4.7%) of cases intra-operatively and 21 (1.6%) cases postoperatively. Conclusions: Dental caries and its sequelae is the most common reason for extraction of all teeth and in all age group. Most patient visited clinic at the advanced stage where teeth cannot be saved. Failed endodontic treatment had also contributed for negative attitude towards teeth conservation among which majority of treatment has been performed by practitioner not registered in Nepal Medical Council.

Background and objectives Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is one of the most frequently performed orthopedic procedures. The ability to perform ACLR on an outpatient basis is largely dependent on an effective analgesic regimen. The aim of the study was to compare the analgesic effect between continuous adductor canal block (cACB) and femoral nerve block (cFNB) during arthroscopy guided ACLR. Method In this prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial, 60 ASA I/II patients for arthroscopic ACLR were recruited. Patients in Group I received cACB and those in Group II cFNB. A bolus dose of 20 cc 0.5% levobupivacaine followed by 0.125% 5 mL.h-1 was started for 24 hours. Rescue analgesia in the form of paracetamol 1 g intravenous (IV) was given. Parameters assessed were time of first rescue analgesia, total analgesic requirement in 24 hours, and painless range of motion of the knee (15 degrees of flexion to further painless flexion). Results The time-to-first postoperative analgesic request (hours) was earlier in Group II (14.40 ± 4.32) than Group I (16.90 ± 3.37) and this difference was statistically significant (p< 0.05). The cumulative 24-h analgesic consumption (paracetamol in g) was 0.70 ± 0.47 in Group I and 1.70 ± 0.65 in Group II (p< 0.001). The painless range of motion (degree) was 55.67 ± 10.40 in Group I and 40.00 ± 11.37 in Group II (p< 0.001). Conclusion The findings of this study suggest that continuous adductor canal block provides superior analgesia in patients undergoing arthroscopic ACLR when compared to continuous femoral nerve block.

Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) is significant for improving the accuracy of the interpretation of a Natural language text. Various supervised learning-based models and knowledge-based models have been developed in the literature for WSD of the language text. However, these models do not provide good results for low-resource languages, due to the lack of labelled and tagged data. Therefore, in this work, we have examined different word embedding techniques for word sense disambiguation of the Hindi language texts. Several studies in the literature show that these embeddings have been utilized for different foreign languages in the field of word sense disambiguation. However, to the best of our knowledge, no such work exists for the Hindi language. Therefore, in this paper, we utilize various existing word embeddings for WSD of Hindi text. Moreover, we have created Hindi word embeddings on articles taken from Wikipedia and test the quality of the created word embeddings using Pearson correlation. In this direction, we perform different experiments and observe that Word2Vec model gives best performance among all the considered embeddings on the used Hindi dataset. In our method, the proposed model directly takes input that is trained with word embedding methods and helps to develop a sense inventory using clustering that has been employed for performing disambiguation. Experimental observations indicate that the performance of the proposed approach is moderate and competent in terms of accuracy. The paper, thus, presents how WSD can leverage these representations to encode rich semantic information.

We report a case of a 57-year-old man, who underwent right eye silicone oil injection as a part of his surgical treatment for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Following this, on the first postoperative day, he developed acute postoperative intraocular inflammation. There was circumciliary congestion, diffuse corneal oedema, anterior chamber (AC) reaction, hypopyon and a pupillary membrane. The AC had not been entered during the surgery. No patients, who had been operated on the same day, or with the materials having the same batch number, developed similar reactions. We started the patient on hourly topical steroids and cycloplegics after which the patient’s condition showed gradual improvement. At the 2 weeks follow-up appointment, his pupillary membrane had completely contracted and the AC was quiet. This case highlights a clinical picture of acute postoperative silicone oil-induced ocular inflammation, which was resolved through medical management.

Background Melatonin has been studied to have anxiolytic, sedative, and analgesic effects. However, there is limited data on the effect of melatonin in the attenuation of hemodynamic response to intubation. We aimed to study whether preanesthetic oral melatonin attenuates hemodynamic responses to intubation and anesthetic requirements. Methods Sixty-four patients scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomized into melatonin or placebo group (n = 32 each). Melatonin group received two tablets (3 mg each) of melatonin, and the placebo group received two tablets of vitamin D3 120 min before induction. Hemodynamic parameters were recorded during induction and postintubation for 15 minutes. Total induction dose of propofol, total intraoperative fentanyl consumption, and adverse effects of melatonin were also noted. Results Postintubation rise in heart rate (HR) was less in the melatonin group compared to the placebo group (10.59% vs. 37.08% at 1 min, respectively) (p< 0.0001). Maximum percentage increase in systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean blood pressure (MBP) was lesser in melatonin group than placebo group (SBP 9.25% vs. 37.73%, DBP 10.58% vs. 35.51%, MBP 9.99% vs. 36.45% at 1 min postintubation. respectively) (p< 0.0001). Induction dose of propofol (1.42 mg.kg-1 vs. 2.01 mg.kg-1) and the number of patients requiring additional fentanyl intraoperatively (3 vs. 11) were also significantly reduced in the melatonin group. Conclusion Premedication with 6 mg of oral melatonin resulted in significant attenuation of postintubation rise in HR, SBP, DBP, and MBP. It also reduced the induction dose of propofol, total intraoperative fentanyl consumption without any adverse effects.

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has posed unprecedented challenges and threats to the health care system, particularly affecting the effective delivery of essential health services in resource-poor countries such as Nepal. This study aimed to explore community perceptions of COVID-19 and their experiences towards health services utilization during the pandemic in Province-2 of Nepal. Methods The semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted among purposively selected participants (n = 41) from a mix of rural and urban settings in all districts (n = 8) of the Province 2 of Nepal. Virtual interviews were conducted between July and August 2020 in local languages. The data were analyzed using thematic network analysis in NVivo 12 Pro. Results The findings of this research are categorized into four global themes: i) Community and stakeholders’ perceptions towards COVID-19; ii) Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on health services delivery; iii) Community perceptions and experiences of health services during COVID-19; and iv) COVID-19: testing, isolation, and quarantine services. Most participants shared their experience of being worried and anxious about COVID-19 and reported a lack of awareness, misinformation, and stigma as major factors contributing to the spread of COVID-19. Maternity services, immunization, and supply of essential medicine were found to be the most affected areas of health care delivery during the lockdown. Participants reported that the interruptions in health services were mostly due to the closure of health services at local health care facilities, limited affordability, and involvement of private health sectors during the pandemic, fears of COVID-19 transmission among health care workers and within health centers, and disruption of transportation services. In addition, the participants expressed frustrations on poor testing, isolation, and quarantine services related to COVID-19, and poor accountability from the government at all levels towards health services continuation/management during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions This study found that essential health services were severely affected during the COVID-19 pandemic in all districts of Province-2. It is critical to expand and continue the service coverage, and its quality (even more during pandemics), as well as increase public-private sector engagement to ensure the essential health services are available for the population.

Background: Periodontal diseases are a group of inflammatory diseases causing alveolar bone loss and eventually leading to loss of teeth. The present study was evaluated the effectiveness of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) in the treatment of intrabony defects with or without bone graft. Materials and Methods: Thirty subjects with the presence of intrabony defects were enrolled. All subjects were included irrespective of age and gender. A questionnaire was prepared for extracting demographic and personal details of all the patients. William probe and moth mirror-tweezers set was used for carrying out clinical examination of all subjects. Random and unbiased division of all the subjects was done with ten patients in each group as follows: Group I: Subjects in which treatment was carried out using PRF with demineralized bone matrix, Group II: Subjects in which treatment was carried out using PRF alone, and Group III: Subjects in which treatment was carried in the form of open flap debridement (OFD). Pretreatment and posttreatment clinical variables were assessed which included plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), relative attachment level (RAL), and gingival recession (GR) were assessed at baseline and 9 months postoperatively were calculated. Results: Mean PI among Group 1, Group 2, and Group 3 at baseline was 0.78, 0.8, and 0.84, respectively. Mean PI among Group 1, Group 2, and Group 3 at 9 months follow-up was 0.56, 0.55, and 0.72, respectively. Significant results were obtained while comparing the PI among the three study groups at follow-up. Mean GI among Group 1, Group 2, and Group 3 at baseline was 0.78, 0.8, and 0.84, respectively. Mean GI among Group 1, Group 2, and Group 3 at 9 months follow-up was 0.56, 0.55, and 0.72, respectively. Significant results were obtained while comparing the GI among the three study groups at follow-up. Significant difference was seen in PD, RAL, and GR from baseline to 9 months in all groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: PRF leads to significantly better improvement in the clinical parameters on follow-up in comparison to OFD alone in patients with the presence of intrabony defects.

In this paper, recent results regarding rare earth element doped with chalcogenide glasses for optical gain media such as amplifiers and lasers are reviewed. Rare earth Chalcogenide glasses are formed when chalcogen elements (S, Se, Te etc.) are mixed with new additive elements (Ge, Ga, Sb, As etc.) and also with rare earth elements (Er, Dy, Pd, Pr etc.) from periodic table and prepared by melt quench technique (MQT). Rare earth element doped with chalcogenide glasses has been emerged as a suitable candidate for applications in the numeral passive and active. Among various materials, chalcogenide glasses show significant improvement in their emission properties in the optical communication range and spectroscopic properties. Finally, rare earth doped chalcogenide and optical fibers show potential for high power mid-infrared gain medium and their spectroscopic properties as well.

Puncturable proxy re-encryption (PPRE) is envisioned to provide secure access control delegation and fine-grained forward security for asynchronous group messaging systems. Nevertheless, the existing PPRE scheme not only suffers from the burden of certificate management, but also merely achieves selective security based on the non-standard assumption. In this paper, a puncturable identity-based proxy re-encryption (P-IB-PRE) scheme is proposed to efficiently protect the security and privacy of the group message. The proposed scheme introduces a message server as the proxy to transform ciphertext for each participant in the group, thus the heavy computation overhead is delegated to the message server with abundant resources. Most importantly, our scheme enables the recipient to revoke its private key’s decryption capability of the specific messages without affecting other messages. Moreover, the identity-based mechanism eliminates the burden of certificate management as well as improves efficiency. The proposed scheme achieves adaptive security under the standard Decisional Bilinear Diffie-Hellman (DBDH) assumption. Eventually, theoretical and experimental analysis demonstrate that the proposed scheme has an excellent performance in efficiency and practicality.

The Water Quality Index is one of the most effective tools to communicate information on the quality of water to the people. An attempt was made to assess the annual and seasonal status of Surajkund and Rani Pond, Aurangabad, Bihar, India using the overall Index of Pollution and Water Quality Index from November 2017 to October 2019. The values of eleven parameters namely water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, total alkalinity, hardness, total dissolved solids, chloride, nitrate and fluoride were calculated following standard methodology. A statistically significant difference was found among these parameters. The values were compared with the standard to determine the overall Index of Pollution and Water Quality Index. Results indicated that electrical conductivity, total alkalinity and total dissolved solid were higher than prescribed limits. The values 1.5–3.50 of the overall Index of Pollution estimated that the average status of water of Surajkund was acceptable (C2) but Rani Pond and Surajkund during the summer season were slightly polluted (C3). The values 74.18–233.89 of the Water Quality Index inferred that the average status of water of Surajkund and Rani Pond was slightly polluted (C3). However, on a seasonal basis, the water quality of Surajkund was acceptable (C2) but Rani Pond was slightly polluted (C3) to polluted (C4). The results revealed anthropogenic activity and entry of untreated sewage in these water bodies. The water quality felt the necessity to adopt proper management policy and conservation efforts to these water bodies.

Various wireless local area network technologies are developed for Internet of Things of which Long-Range Wide Area Network is preferred for low power long range communication. In the LoRa network, multiple LoRa nodes can simultaneously communicate with a LoRa gateway which causes the interference problem. This article presents an approach for estimating the association time duration between each LoRa node and the LoRa gateways for transmitting the data of end users to the LoRa gateways with high packet delivery ratio. The approach uses a Beta distribution based reputation model for estimating the association time duration between each LoRa node and LoRa gateways and Bayesian Game strategy which accommodates unknown private information of the LoRa nodes. The approach is validated by simulating the LoRa network using network simulator-3. We also demonstrate an on-campus traffic monitoring system to detect the reckless driving action and estimate the vehicle speed using sensors embedded nodes deployed along both sides of the road.

Monoamine oxidase (MAO) is capable of catalysing the oxidative deamination of amines and neurotransmitters. MAO plays a pivotal role in maintaining neurotransmitters linked to neurological disorders viz. Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) etc. Therefore, inhibition of MAO can be implicated to the cure of such diseases. Synthetic MAO inhibitors are known to inhibit MAO activity. However, there are safety issues with synthetic MAO inhibitors and many of their effects are non-selective and irreversible. Contrasting synthetic drugs, plant-derived natural products have been popularized globally owing to their extensive acceptability and applicability, therapeutic potency and minimum side effects which potentiated the possibility of developing reversible, promising MAO inhibitors based on natural products. The present review comprehensively elucidates plant -derived natural reversible MAO inhibitors using the literature from the popular databases such as Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science. This literature review reports approximately 51 plants that have been evaluated for MAO inhibitory activity. In addition, 93 plant-derived natural compounds were retrieved as MAO inhibitors. Majority of these investigations predominantly utilized an in vitro approach to evaluate the MAO inhibitors in relation to the developing treatments of related neurological diseases. However, in vivo studies and clinical trials are still lacking in evaluating the botanical-based MAO inhibitors. The aim of this review is to retrieve the recent literature to explore the in vitro and in vivo studies of plant-based natural products as MAO inhibitors, their structure-activity relationship and relevant molecular docking analyses and their roles in the emerging therapy against disorders like AD, and PD. Further, the review also discusses the shortcomings in the existing research in order to generate more coordinated and focused research in future.

Lumbar Spondylosis in earlier days used to be an ailment of people in their 60s and above. In recent years this trend is changing. Many lifestyle factors are blamed for this transition. Yet the factors are different for each population. In National Institute of Siddha Hospital, Lumbar spondylosis is one of the most common ailments for which patient visits OPD. Hence, A cross-sectional study was carried out to get an idea about which of those factors were common in the Thandagavatham patients visiting this hospital. Aim: To establish the most common lifestyle factors in Thandagavatham patients reporting at Ayothidoss Pandithar hospital OPD, National Institute of Siddha. Materials and methods: All the patients with a known history of Thandagavatham (Lumbar Spondylosis) were screened for this study. After obtaining informed consent, about 200 people were questioned to know about their lifestyle. Data was collected using the pre-designed questionnaire. The frequency for each factor was obtained after feeding the data in MS excel software. Result: Out of 14 factors considered in the study, age, menopause, BMI, socioeconomic status, exercise, history of falls were common among the study population.

Hypertension (HTN) is a worldwide health problem that affects about 25-40% of individuals. Hypertension in pregnancy is associated with adverse effects for both mother and baby which includes fetal growth restriction, preterm delivery and maternal, fetal, and neonatal morbidity and mortality. These women are at greater risk for the development of cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and obesity), chronic kidney disease and premature cardiovascular disease. Severe hypertension in pregnancy is defined by a systolic blood pressure of at least 160 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure of at least 110 mm Hg. A combined team of obstetricians and cardiologists is an important prerequisite for management of HTN and cardiovascular disease during pregnancy. Labetalol and nifedipine have quickly emerged as alternative drugs for management of gestational hypertension. A Prospective randomized double blind comparative clinical trial was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology of Darbhanga Medical College & Hospital, Laheriasarai, Bihar which took the study period from April 2019 to December 2020. The present study was executed upon 106 pregnant women with pre-eclampsia with a gestational period of 28 weeks or beyond with blood pressure reading ≥160/110 mmHg. All the patients were randomly divided into two groups Group A and B. Group A patients received intravenous Labetalol and Group B patients received oral Nifedipine as antihypertensive drugs to achieve the target blood pressure reading 150/100.The present study aimed to compare the two most commonly used drugs, oral nifedipine and IV labetalol in terms of time taken to achieve the target blood pressure and number of dosage required.

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is probably the best-recognised progressive immune-mediated peripheral neuropathy. It presents with symmetrical, motor predominant peripheral neuropathy that produces both distal and proximal weakness. Here we report a case of a 38-year-old man who presented with chronic additive large and small joint inflammatory polyarthritis, associated with morning stiffness, anasarca associated with frothy urine and progressive episodic, relapsing and remitting, sensorimotor lower motor neuron type quadriparesis without any bladder and bowel involvement. He was diagnosed as a case of CIDP, and the aetiology was found out to be mixed connective tissue disorder, which is a rare association with CIDP. The patient responded dramatically to glucocorticoid.

Periocular region is the feature rich region around the eye which may include features like eyelids, eyelashes, eyebrows, tear duct, eye shape, skin texture and many more. Periocular region based authentication system is a good trade-off between face and iris based biometric authentication systems as they need high user cooperation. This paper provides a comprehensive survey of periocular biometrics and a deep insight of various aspects such as utility of periocular region as a stand-alone modality, periocular region and its fusion with iris, application of periocular region in smart phone authentication and the role of periocular region in soft biometric classification etc. The paper also provides an outlook over possible future research in the area of periocular biometrics.

The microbiome assisted tumor microenvironment (TME) supports the tumors by modulating multiple mechanisms. Recent studies reported that microbiome dysbiosis is the main culprit of immune suppressive phenotypes of TME. Further, it has been documented that immune suppressive stimulate metastatic phenotype in TME via modulating signaling pathways, cell differentiation, and innate immune response. This review aims at providing comprehensive developments in microbiome and breast TME interface. The combination of microbiome and breast cancer, breast TME and microbiome or microbial dysbiosis, microbiome and risk of breast cancer, microbiome and phytochemicals or anticancer drugs were as used keywords to retrieve literature from PubMed, Google scholar, Scopus, Web of Science from 2015 onwards. Based on the literature, we presented the impact of TME assisted microbiome dysbiosis and estrobolome in breast cancer risk, drug resistance, and antitumor immunity. We have discussed the influence of antibiotics on the breast microbiome. we also presented the possible dietary phytochemicals that target microbiome dysbiosis to restore the tumor suppression immune environment in breast TME. We presented the microbiome as a possible marker for breast cancer diagnosis. This study will help in the identification of microbiome as a novel target and diagnostic markers and phytochemicals and microbiome metabolites for breast cancer treatment.

Introduction: Preparing future mothers for the birth of newborn is an important part of birth preparedness counseling and one of major responsibility of health care provider. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess awareness of antenatal mothers for birth preparedness and complication readiness and find association of awareness with socio demographic variables. Methodology: This descriptive study was conducted using cross sectional research design. Total 200 antenatal mothers were selected using the purposive sampling technique who was attending antenatal OPD at Pt. B. D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, and Haryana, India. Data was collected by using semi structured questionnaire. Result: The majority of antenatal mothers were belongs to age group of 18-25 years and were secondary level educated. Most of antenatal mothers (54%) had poor knowledge of birth preparedness and complication readiness. Chi square test showed a significant association among awareness level of antenatal mothers with age (0.002*), educational level of self (0.003*) and husband (0.000*), gravida (0.03*), time to reach to health care facility (0.015*) and mode of transportation in emergency (0.005*). Odd ratios showed that antenatal mother who did not done their antenatal register had a 0.81 times more chances for less awareness than registered mothers. Conclusion: Awareness of antenatal mothers for birth preparedness and complication readiness was poor. There are various hindering factors which must be explored for betterment of maternal outcome and success of birth preparedness and complication readiness programs.

Due to the ever-growing use of active Internet devices, the Internet has achieved good popularity at present. The smart devices could connect to the Internet and communicate together that shape the Internet of Things (IoT). Such smart devices are generating data and are connecting to each other through edge-cloud infrastructure. Authentication of the IoT devices plays a critical role in the success of the integration of IoT, edge, and cloud computing technologies. The complexity and attack resistance of the authentication protocols are still the main challenges. Motivated by this, this paper introduces a lightweight authentication protocol for IoT devices named Light-Edge using a three-layer scheme, including IoT device layer, trust center at the edge layer, and cloud service providers. The results show the superiority of the proposed protocol against other approaches in terms of attack resistance, communication cost, and time cost.

In the present era of data-driven architectures like 5G, Internet of things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), etc, the requirement of fast-switchable memory storage is more than ever. Oxide resistive switches are considered to be a primary choice in the non-volatile memory design. In this work, we have engineered the conventional metal-insulator-metal (MIM) structure of an oxide memristor (Ag/ZnO/ITO) by inducing an additional oxide layer La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) at the interface between the active layer (ZnO) and Ag electrode. The presence of LSMO acts as a reservoir for the oxygen vacancies, easing the conducting filament formation process in ZnO, thereby enabling drastic improvement of the switching performance and offering reliable endurance over multiple switching cycles. First-principles-based calculations suggested the role of Oxygen vacancies in controlling the electronic state of ZnO and formation of vacancies in the resistive switching process, which is in agreement with the experimental observation. The current results pave ways for improving the switching performance of resistive memory circuits through simple structural engineering incorporation, which lies at the heart of oxide electronics.

IoT-enabled smart healthcare systems has the characteristics of heterogeneous fusion, cross domain, collaborative autonomy, dynamic change and open interconnection, but they bring huge challenges in privacy issues. We proposed a scheme of forward privacy preserving for IoT-enabled healthcare systems, which mainly includes a searchable encryption scheme to achieve privacy preserving and searchable function. Our scheme uses trapdoor permutation to change the status counter, and it makes the adversary difficult to determine the valid status counter of inserted record with only the public key of the client. Our mechanism can solve the problem of verifying the correctness of the search results in the top-k search scenario with only part of the search results. The formal security analysis proves that our scheme achieves forward privacy preservation which can guarantee the privacy of healthcare data. Besides, performance evaluation shows our scheme are efficient and secure to preserve privacy of IoT-enabled healthcare systems.

With the tremendous growth of technology, providing data security to critical applications such as smart grid, health care, and military is indispensable. On the other hand, due to the proliferation of external data threats in these applications, the loss incurred is incredibly high. Standard encryption algorithms such as RSA, ElGamal, and ECC facilitate in protecting sensitive data from outside attackers; however, they cannot perform computations on sensitive data while being encrypted. To perform computations and to process encrypted query on encrypted data, various homomorphic encryption (HE) schemes are proposed. Each of the schemes has its own shortcomings either related to performance or with storage that acts as the barrier for applying in real-time applications. With that conception, our objective is to design HE schemes that are simple by design, efficient in performance, and highly unimpeachable against attacks. Our first proposed scheme is based on Carmichael's Theorem, referred to as Carmichael's Theorem-based Homomorphic Encryption (CTHE), and the second is an improved version of Gorti's Enhanced Homomorphic Encryption Scheme, referred to as Modified Enhanced Homomorphic Encryption (MEHE). For brevity, the schemes are referred to as CTHE and MEHE. Both the schemes are provably secure under the hardness of integer factorization, discrete logarithm, and quadratic residuosity problems. To reduce the noise in these schemes, the modulus switching method is adopted and proved theoretically. The schemes' efficiency is proven by collecting the data from cardiovascular dataset (statically)/blood pressure monitor (dynamically) and is homomorphically encrypted in the edge server. Further analysis on encrypted data is carried out to identify whether a person has hypotension or hypertension with the aid of parameters, namely, mean arterial pressure. As the schemes are probabilistic in nature, breaking the schemes by a polynomial time adversary is impossible and is proven in the article.

Background Clinical manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) can vary from asymptomatic to profusely symptomatic due to many factors. Having data on the clinical characteristics of the affected patients is important for the screening and diagnosis of COVID-19. Main objective of this study is to evaluate the clinical and epidemiological characteristics and outcomes of patients with COVID-19 admitted to six treatment centres in Sri Lanka. Methods For the specific epidemic situation of COVID-19, we chose to conduct a descriptive retrospective study from six treatment centres in the country between March 10, 2020 and May 30, 2020. Results The study included 431 laboratory confirmed patients with COVID-19. Of them, 335 (78.2%) were males and their mean age was 37 years. Most patients (373: 86.5%) had had close contact with COVID-19 positive patients. The majority were asymptomatic (243: 56.3%) and of the symptomatic patients, the most common symptom was sore throat (81, 19%), followed by cough (72, 17%), headache (72, 17%), fever (50, 12%), and nasal discharge (36, 8%). Eight patients required either high dependency care or intensive unit care two of them succumbed to the illness (0.5%). Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) was used as a treatment in 248 patients and they had a significantly longer (17.6 days) duration of hospital stays compared those who were not treated (13.6 days) with HCQ. When the HCQ was not used as a treatment, asymptomatic individuals had significantly shorter durations of hospital (11.1 days) stays compared to symptomatic individuals (14.3 days). Conclusions The majority of patients remained asymptomatic during the course of illness. The most common symptom was sore throat, seen in one fifth of patients, followed by cough, and headache. Our study also indicated the possibility of reduced viral clearance and hence longer duration of hospital stays with HCQ.

Online condition monitoring and predictive maintenance are crucial for the safe operation of equipments. This paper highlights an unsupervised statistical algorithm based on principal component analysis (PCA) for the predictive maintenance of industrial induced draft (ID) fan. The high vibration issues in ID fans cause the failure of the impellers and, sometimes, the complete breakdown of the fan-motor system. The condition monitoring system of the equipment should be reliable and avoid such a sudden breakdown or faults in the equipment. The proposed technique predicts the fault of the ID fan-motor system, being applicable for other rotating industrial equipment, and also for which the failure data, or historical data, is not available. The major problem in the industry is the monitoring of each and every machinery individually. To avoid this problem, three identical ID fans are monitored together using the proposed technique. This helps in the prediction of the faulty part and also the time left for the complete breakdown of the fan-motor system. This helps in forecasting the maintenance schedule for the equipment before breakdown. From the results, it is observed that the PCA-based technique is a good fit for early fault detection and getting alarmed under fault condition as compared with the conventional methods, including signal trend and fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis.

Tin oxide is an impressive metal oxide for optoelectronic applications and its properties can be easily augmented with doping. In current research work, undoped and zinc-doped SnO2 nanoparticles annealed at 500 °C were prepared by a solid-state reaction method. The rutile tetragonal structure for undoped and zinc-doped SnO2 nanoparticles was proved by the analysis of their x-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images confirm the spherical, smooth, and dense morphology. The presence of Sn, O, and Zn ions are supported by energy dispersive x-ray study (EDX). The transmission spectrum obtained by UV–Visible spectroscopy shows a blue shift and the energy band gap (Eg) for undoped and zinc-doped SnO2 nanoparticles changes from 3.03 to 3.18 eV. Photoluminiscence (PL) spectra of synthesized samples shows one emission peak at 430 nm whose intensity increases with zinc-doping. The electrical resistivity was studied by Hall-effect measurement and it revealed that the resistivity decreases with zinc doping.

In any machining, cutting fluid plays a distinct role which affects both the overall machining surface as well as tool characteristics. By lubricate the job-tool interface with removal of chips it reduces the cutting forces, temperature in cutting zone, tool wear rate as well as friction co-efficient. However, due to unwanted and misuse of cutting fluids with improper disposal it affects the human health and the environment badly. Hence researchers focused their studies on various techniques available on the application of coolants to stick with the stricter environmental regulations to provide a healthy workspace to work. Among various techniques Dry machining/Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) helps to optimize the use of coolants instead of conventional flood cooling. In addition to safety, MQL (Minimum Quantity Lubrication) has proved itself with remarkable progress on overall efficiency while compared with conventional coolant. This present paper review some of these research works which is based on MQL composed of biodegradable oil and/or with various Nano-particles. The review shows the improved performance of Nano-particles and/or biodegradable oil based MQL with significant better surface finish, low power consumptions, fewer tools wear. This synergistic combination of improved performance has been achieved in machining practice to lead a cost-effective machining process with cleaner technology. Such benefits led to a greater substitute for the conventional flood coolant and becoming the futuristic model by the addition of better heat transfer to get better tribological property.

Automated visual stimuli evoked multi-channel electroencephalograph (EEG) signals classification is in a nascent stage but is receiving progressive attention from researchers. The conventional techniques existing for EEG classification tasks overlook the spatial attributes of EEG signals, which contain spatial data information to characterize an image from visual stimuli evoked EEG signal. In this paper, a Deep learning structure implemented on STFT (Short Term Fourier Transform) generated spectrogram images and a Capsule Network (EEGCapsNet) is proposed. In this architecture, the time and frequency domain as well as, spatial attributes of the multi-channel EEG signals are extracted to build the spectrogram image and are fed to the proposed EEGCapsNet for classifying those EEG signals which are acquired from the stimuli evoked visual experience while seeing an image. For this purpose, two different EEG datasets (namely Perceive and MindBig) are trained on the proposed network. The highest average accuracy of 81.59% and 84.62% is reported for the proposed EEGCapsNet.

Background & Aims Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most fatal and fastest-growing cancers. Recently, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has been recognized as a major catalyst for HCC. Thus, additional research is critically needed to identify mechanisms involved in NASH-induced hepatocarcinogenesis, to advance the prevention and treatment of NASH-driven HCC. Because the STE20-type kinase STK25 exacerbates NASH-related phenotypes, we investigated its role in HCC development and aggravation in this study. Methods Hepatocarcinogenesis was induced in the context of NASH in Stk25 knockout and wild-type mice by combining chemical procarcinogens and a dietary challenge. In the first cohort, a single injection of diethylnitrosamine was combined with a high-fat diet feeding. In the second cohort, chronic administration of carbon tetrachloride was combined with a choline-deficient L-amino-acid–defined diet. To study the cell-autonomous mode of action of STK25, we silenced this target in the human hepatocarcinoma cell line HepG2 by small interfering RNA. Results In both mouse models of NASH-driven HCC, the livers from Stk25-/- mice showed a markedly lower tumor burden compared with wild-type controls. We also found that genetic depletion of STK25 in mice suppressed liver tumor growth through reduced hepatocellular apoptosis and decreased compensatory proliferation, by a mechanism that involves protection against hepatic lipotoxicity and inactivation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and p38 signaling. Consistently, silencing of STK25 suppressed proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion in HepG2 cells, which was accompanied by lower expression of the markers of epithelial–mesenchymal transition and autophagic flux. Conclusions This study provides evidence that antagonizing STK25 signaling hinders the development of NASH-related HCC and provides an impetus for further analysis of STK25 as a therapeutic target for NASH-induced HCC treatment in human beings.

Erythema nodosum leprosum is a severe immune reaction that complicates the usual course of multibacillary leprosy. There is increased activation of T-cells in erythema nodosum leprosum. Treatment modalities available to date for the management are systemic steroids, thalidomide, methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, minocycline, and apremilast but none of them is promising and safe. Mycobacterium indicus pranii is an atypical mycobacterium possessing strong immunomodulatory properties. The vaccine for this mycobacterium has been shown to have both immunotherapeutic and immunoprophylactic effects in multibacillary leprosy patients. We report a case of chronic recalcitrant erythema nodosum Leprosum which responded to Mycobacterium indicus pranii vaccine without any adverse effects, thereby suggesting its role as a novel therapeutic option in this reaction.

A distributed computing platform is preferred to meet out the current challenges of cloud computing paradigm. Hadoop manages distribution of large volume of big data and data is stored using cluster analysis of data. Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) is used to manage the problems in handling big data. HDFS can easily store large terabytes of data using commodity servers. The proposed system provides efficient data integrity verification service for big data management based on HDFS. HDFS has data integrity commitment, since it handles large volumes of data. Hadoop HDFS framework uses CRC-32C checksum verification on data node of content blocks to identify data corruption. A data aware module is implemented in Hadoop which provides more clustering process and reduces the computing performances of server. A broad range of data types is analyzed and clustered. The proposed research work uses balanced and proxy encryption technique using Cloud me tool and gives optimized query time and resource usage.

Study objective To evaluate the hysteroscopic findings in female genital tuberculosis. Design It was a prospective study of hysteroscopic findings performed on 348 cases of female genital tuberculosis (FGTB). Setting It was a prospective cross-sectional study in a tertiary referral centre. Patients A total of 348 patients with infertility with FGTB on various tests. Intervention A total of 348 patients of infertility found to have FGTB on various investigations were enrolled in the study. A detailed history was taken. Clinical examination, endometrial sampling and diagnostic laparoscopy were performed was also performed in selected cases. All patients underwent hysteroscopy as part of evaluation for infertility and tuberculosis (TB) findings. Measurements and main results The mean age, parity, body mass index and duration of infertility was 28.2 years, 0.31,23.1kg/m2 and 3.44 years respectively. Infertility was primary in 81.03% and secondary in 18.96% cases. Diagnosis of FGTB was made by endometrial aspirate findings of positive AFB on microscopy (4.02%), positive culture (4.88%), positive PCR (83.90%), epithelioid granuloma (14.65%), positive AFB on microscopy or culture of peritoneal cytology (1.14%) or epithelioid granuloma on peritoneal biopsy (1.72%), definitive findings of TB on laparoscopy (41.95%) or probable findings of TB on laparoscopy (58.05%). Various hysteroscopic findings observed were normal findings (28.16%), pale endometrial cavity (54.31%), features of active TB (7.47%), features of chronic TB (19.54%), features of TB sequelae like obstructed ostia (both ostia in 13.79%, one ostia 14.94%, periostial fibrosis; (bilateral 4.59%, unilateral 5.17%), endometrial glands atrophy (12.35%), small shrunken cavity (6.32%), distorted cavity (5.17%), various grades of intrauterine adhesions (29.88%). Hysteroscopy in FGTB was associated with increased difficulties and complications like failed procedures, difficult visualisation, false passage and uterine perforation. Conclusion Hysteroscopy is useful modality to detect endometrial TB but is associated with increased difficulty and complications.

With Internet of Things (IoT) growing rapidly, the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) has become an essential part of smart cities and has attracted the full attention of both academic and business communities. Because of the public transmission channel, the security and privacy in IoV have paid serious attention. In IoV, it is crucial to generate a secret session key among the various vehicles and road-side units (RSUs) so that they can share the confidential information over the public Internet. Thus, an authenticated key agreement (AKA) protocol should be needed that can achieve the session key requirement in the IoV for secure communication. For this purpose, various AKA techniques has been designed using a number of different tools. Several existing AKA protocols either suffer from different attacks or inefficient for IoV environment due to its excessive communication and computational costs. Many such traditional schemes have used either Diffie–Hellman (DH) or prime factorization type hard problems. These hard problems are vulnerable to the futuristic technologies like quantum computer. Besides, existing quantum resistance AKA protocols use lattice cryptography for its security. However, these protocols either incurs an overhead of certificate management or have excessive communication and computational costs. Hence, there is a need of quantum resistance AKA protocols which removes the certificate overhead and also efficient for the IoV. In this paper, we propose a lattice-based two-party authenticated key agreement (LB-ID-2PAKA) protocol using identity-based cryptography (IBC). The lattice hard problems could resist the quantum computers and IBC could remove the overhead of certificate management. The security strength of proposed LB-ID-2PAKA protocol is analyzed under the random oracle model to show its robustness against the present as well as future quantum attacks. In addition, the resiliency against different security attacks such as man-in-the-middle (MITM) attack, known-key security (K-KS), unknown key-share (UK-S) attack etc. are also included. Further, the performance analysis shows that the proposed LB-ID-2PAKA protocol outperforms the existing protocols and feasible for IoV applications.

Photoelectrochemical hydrogen generation has been investigated using Yb co-doped (at varied concentration) and 2% Mo doped BiVO4 thin films. Prepared thin films were used as photoanode for photo-assisted PEC water splitting. Doping of Mo6+ and Yb3+ led to extended absorption of light with marginal fall in band gap energy. Significantly high PEC photocurrent (~1.12 mA cm−2 at 1.9 V vs. RHE) is recorded under 1 sun illumination in K2HPO4 electrolyte. The effect is largely attributable to better charge transfer and reduced recombination.

Recently a major outbreak of chikungunya affected several countries of the world. In India only 62,628 and 64,057 clinically suspect chikungunya cases in 2017 and 2016 respectively and about 9,175 suspected chikungunya cases through April 2018. A self-remitting febrile viral illness, chikungunya fever caused/spread by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. The name has been originating from a verb in the Kimakonde language, meaning 'to become contorted' means 'stooped' appearance of joint, signalized by fever and joint pain which can sustain for months or even years in some of the patients. Although many medications are available in the market but the effective treatment against the viral infection is still restricted, due to drug resistance, side effects and toxicity. Focusing the problem, this paper mainly concerns on the cause, transmission of chik virus, and how herbal plants, their active constituents and specific medicinal properties used for relieving symptoms and for cure- providing an alternative way for treating chikungunya.

Globally anemia accounts for a majority of the nutritional problem and it is principally engendered by deficiency of iron. Its prevalence is inordinately higher among developing nations, because of low socioeconomic status and poor access to healthcare services. In developing countries, the adolescent group is more exposed to nutritional challenges and adolescent girls are more vulnerable to the disease. This survey is intended to evaluate the prevalence of anemia and its associated factors among adolescent girls in age group of 12-15 year in Jaipur district, this survey also generated the anemic cases in the adolescent girls of age 12-15 year. A cross sectional study was conducted from August 2019 to January 2020 by attending health check-up camps at various areas situated within 20 kilometers in Jaipur district. Hemoglobin estimation was done by using three-part auto analyzer method. Statistical analysis was done using Percentages and Chi-square Test. 75.39% girls were found anemic. Statistically significant association (p < 0.05) was found in anemia in adolescent girls with the history of receiving iron folic acid (IFA) supplementation, deworming, age, habitat, family type and status of menarche. Present study reveals that 75.39% girls were found anemic and the problem is significantly associated with status of IFA supplementation, deworming and family type.

Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC) are an attractive third-generation photovoltaic technology particularly promising for operation under diffuse and lower light conditions. However, high costs of the precious metals used for sensitizing dyes and low charge generation capability parameters limit the utility of DSSCs in comparison to conventional silicon solar cells. In this study, tin oxide (SnO2) photoelectrodes are treated with non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasmas to enhance photovoltaic performance. The effects of nitrogen and argon plasma surface treatment of photoanodes on the efficiency enhancement of DSSCs are systematically investigated by fabricating solar cells using pristine SnO2 and plasma-treated photoanodes. Solar cells made with Eosin Y sensitized pristine SnO2 photoanode exhibited a short circuit current density (JSC) of 1.03 mA cm−2 and an overall power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 0.30% whereas solar cells made with nitrogen plasma treated photoanode exhibited a JSC of 6.20 mA cm−2 and an overall PCE of 1.53% (4 times enhancement) under the same illumination of 100 mW cm−2 (AM 1.5). The efficiency of the solar cells fabricated with Ar plasma treated SnO2 photoanodes also showed an enhanced power conversion efficiency. Further characterizations revealed that the surface plasma treatments increased the surface roughness of the photoanodes. Plasma treatment led to the incorporation of nitrogen species and removal of surface impurities resulting in an increase in dye adsorption in the photoanode and hence the enhancement in the efficiency of the DSSC. This study demonstrated a one-pot treatment method for efficiency enhancement which could be used in various applications such as photovoltaic, catalytic and energy generation applications including DSSCs, thin-film solar cells, perovskite solar cells, gas sensing, bio-sensing, supercapacitors, Li-ion batteries and others. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

Background: The exact pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease is still a matter to debate. Currently there is no reliable therapy established for Alzheimer’s disease. However, several pieces of evidence suggest that the use of plant based phytoconstituents mainly delays the onset of Alzheimer’s disease. So, in this review, we collect information about the cause of Alzheimer’s disease hypothesis and the neuroprotective effect of phytoconstituents. Objective: This review paper aimed to analyze the current pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease and therapeutic effect of plant phytoconstituents that play a vital role in neuroprotective and antistress activities in Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. Methods: The source of literature review obtained from Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed, Web of Science database, and journal by using Alzheimer’s pathogenesis, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, amyloid beta, flavonoids, alkaloids are an important part of these review research. Results: The current review explored different types of pathogenesis involved in Alzheimer’s disease and the role of phytoconstituents in its treatment. The collected information showed that plant based constituents inhibit the major cause of Alzheimer’s disease related to amyloid beta, tau protein, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, etc. Conclusion: The study provides the clue for the investigation of eminent bioactive constituents may serve as an alternative candidate against Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative disorders.

Background: Despite advances in surgery and pharmacotherapy, there remains significant residual ischemic risk after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. Methods: In REDUCE-IT (Reduction of Cardiovascular Events With Icosapent Ethyl–Intervention Trial), a multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial, statin-treated patients with controlled low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and mild to moderate hypertriglyceridemia were randomized to 4 g daily of icosapent ethyl or placebo. They experienced a 25% reduction in risk of a primary efficacy end point (composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary revascularization, or hospitalization for unstable angina) and a 26% reduction in risk of a key secondary efficacy end point (composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke) when compared with placebo. The current analysis reports on the subgroup of patients from the trial with a history of coronary artery bypass grafting. Results: Of the 8179 patients randomized in REDUCE-IT, a total of 1837 (22.5%) had a history of coronary artery bypass grafting, with 897 patients randomized to icosapent ethyl and 940 to placebo. Baseline characteristics were similar between treatment groups. Randomization to icosapent ethyl was associated with a significant reduction in the primary end point (hazard ratio [HR], 0.76 [95% CI, 0.63–0.92]; P =0.004), in the key secondary end point (HR, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.56–0.87]; P =0.001), and in total (first plus subsequent or recurrent) ischemic events (rate ratio, 0.64 [95% CI, 0.50–0.81]; P =0.0002) compared with placebo. This yielded an absolute risk reduction of 6.2% (95% CI, 2.3%–10.2%) in first events, with a number needed to treat of 16 (95% CI, 10–44) during a median follow-up time of 4.8 years. Safety findings were similar to the overall study: beyond an increased rate of atrial fibrillation/flutter requiring hospitalization for at least 24 hours (5.0% vs 3.1%; P =0.03) and a nonsignificant increase in bleeding, occurrences of adverse events were comparable between groups. Conclusions: In REDUCE-IT patients with a history of coronary artery bypass grafting, treatment with icosapent ethyl was associated with significant reductions in first and recurrent ischemic events. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT01492361.

Oncofetal protein SALL4 is critical for cancer cell survival. Targeting SALL4, however, is only applicable in a fraction of cancer patients who are positive for this gene. To overcome this limitation, we propose to induce a cancer vulnerability by engineering a partial dependency upon SALL4. Following exogenous expression of SALL4, SALL4-negative cancer cells became partially dependent on SALL4. Treatment of SALL4-negative cells with the FDA-approved hypomethylating agent 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (DAC) resulted in transient upregulation of SALL4. DAC pretreatment sensitized SALL4-negative cancer cells to entinostat, which negatively affected SALL4 expression through a microRNA, miRNA-205, both in culture and in vivo. Moreover, SALL4 was essential for the efficiency of sequential treatment of DAC and entinostat. Overall, this proof-of-concept study provides a framework whereby the targeting pathways such as SALL4-centered therapy can be expanded, sensitizing cancer cells to treatment by transient target induction and engineering a dependency. Significance: These findings provide a therapeutic approach for patients harboring no suitable target by induction of a SALL4-mediated vulnerability.

Background: Software Product Line is the group of multiple software systems which share the similar set of features with multiple variants. Feature model is used to capture and organize features used in different multiple organization. Objective: The objective of this research article is to obtain an optimized subset of features which are capable of providing high performance. Methods: In order to achieve the desired objective, two methods have been proposed. a) An improved objective function which is used to compute the contribution of each feature with weight based methodology. b) A hybrid model is employed to optimize the Software Product Line problem. Results: Feature sets varying in size from 100 to 1000 have been used to compute the performance of the Software Product Line. Conclusion: The results shows that proposed hybrid model outperforms the state of art metaheuristic algorithms.