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Background: Large prospective studies on the safety of Mohs micrographic (MMS) surgery are scarce, and most focus on a single type of surgical adverse event. Mid-term scar alterations and functional loss have not been described. Objectives: To describe the risk of MMS complications and the risk factors for them. Methods: A nationwide prospective cohort collected all adverse events on consecutive patients in 22 specialised centres. We used multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression to find out factors associated with adverse events. Results: 5,017 patients were included, with 14,421 patient-years of follow-up. 7.0% had some perioperative morbidity and 6.5% had mid-term and scar-related complications. The overall risk of complications was mainly associated with use of antiaggregant/anticoagulant and larger tumours, affecting deeper structures, not reaching a tumour-free border, and requiring complex repair. Age and outpatient setting were not linked to the incidence of adverse events. Risk factors for haemorrhage (0.9%) were therapy with antiaggregant/anticoagulants, tumour size, duration of surgery, and unfinished surgery. Wound necrosis (1.9%) and dehiscence (1.0%) were associated with larger defects and complex closures. Immunosuppression was only associated with an increased risk of necrosis. Surgeries reaching deeper structures, larger tumours and previous surgical treatments were associated with wound infection (0.9%). Aesthetic scar alterations (5.4%) were more common in younger patients, with larger tumours, in H-area, and in flap and complex closures. Risk factors for functional scar alterations (1.7%) were the need for general anaesthesia, larger tumours that had received previous surgery, and flaps or complex closures. Conclusions: MMS shows a low risk of complications. Most of the risk factors for complications were related to tumour size and depth, and the resulting need for complex surgery. Antiaggregant/anticoagulant intake was associated with a small increase in the risk of haemorrhage, that probably does not justify withdrawal. Age and outpatient setting were not linked to the risk of adverse events.

Resumen Introduccion Los tumores neuroepiteliales disembrioplasicos (DNET) son un tipo de neoplasia glioneuronal benigna de localizacion tipicamente temporal que producen crisis epilepticas resistentes al tratamiento farmacologico en ninos y adultos jovenes. Objetivo Se muestran 4 casos valorando la utilidad de la resonancia magnetica funcional en el estudio prequirurgico de pacientes con tumores neuroepiteliales disembrionarios. Para la obtencion de imagenes se utilizo un equipo de resonancia magnetica Philipps Intera de 3.0 Tesla y la tecnica Blood Oxygenation Level-Dependent, permitiendo localizar las areas elocuentes de lenguaje y motora mediante la aplicacion de paradigmas especificos. Resultados En un caso el tumor se encontraba adyacente al area de Broca, en 2 casos coincidia con Wernicke, en un paciente estaba menos de 1 cm del area motora de la mano y en otro proximo a la memoria. Solo 2 de los pacientes fueron operados, no produciendose deficit funcional postoperatorio. Se observo activacion hemisferica contralateral al tumor sugestivo de neuroplasticidad en uno de los pacientes. Conclusiones La resonancia magnetica funcional supone un metodo no invasivo que permite evaluar la proximidad de las lesiones a las areas elocuentes, clave en la evaluacion del riesgo quirurgico. Ademas, ha permitido detectar probable neuroplasticidad en un caso, la cual ha garantizado el exito de la cirugia.

Randomized studies to assess the efficacy of Mohs micrographic surgery in basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas are limited by methodological and ethical issues and a lack of long follow-up periods. This study presents the “real-life” results of a nationwide 7-years cohort on basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma treated with Mohs micrographic surgery. A prospective cohort was conducted in 22 Spanish centres (from July 2013 to February 2020) and a multivariate analysis, including characteristics of patients, tumours, surgeries and follow-up, was performed. A total of 4,402 patients followed up for 12,111 patient-years for basal cell carcinoma, and 371 patients with 915 patient-years of follow-up for squamous cell carcinoma were recruited. Risk factors for recurrence included age, non-primary tumours and more stages or unfinished surgeries for both tumours, and immunosuppression for squamous cell carcinoma. Incidence rates of recurrence were 1.3 per 100 person-years for basal cell carcinoma (95% confidence interval 1.1–1.5) and 4.5 for squamous cell carcinoma (95% confidence interval 3.3–6.1), being constant over time (0–5 years). In conclusion, follow-up strategies should be equally intense for at least the first 5 years, with special attention paid to squamous cell carcinoma (especially in immunosuppressed patients), elderly patients, non-primary tumours, and those procedures requiring more stages, or unfinished surgeries.

Characterization of patients, surgery procedures and the risk factors for dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) recurrences is poorly defined. In this study, we aimed to describe the demographics, tumor characteristics and interventions of DFSP treated with Mohs micrographic surgery (MSS) to determine the rate and risk factors for recurrence. Data were collected from REGESMOHS, a nationwide prospective cohort study of patients treated with MMS in Spain. From July 2013 to February 2020, 163 patients with DFSP who underwent MMS were included. DFSP was mostly located on trunk and extremities. Recurrent tumors had deeper tumor invasion and required higher number of MMS stages. Paraffin MMS was the most frequently used technique. Overall recurrence rate was 0.97 cases/100 person-years (95% IC = 0.36-2.57). No differences were found in epidemiological, tumor, surgery characteristics or surgical technique (frozen or paraffin MMS [p = 0.6641]) in terms of recurrence. Median follow-up time was 28.6 months with 414 patient-years of follow-up. In conclusion, we found an overall low recurrence rate of DFSP treated with MMS. None of the studied risk factors, including MMS techniques, was associated with higher risk for recurrence.

Objective Cognitive effects in acromegaly patients are poorly understood and the mechanisms involved are still unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cognitive function, depression, and quality of life of acromegaly patients treated with pegvisomant versus somatostatin analogues (SRLs) and to analyze the effect of the different treatments on cognition and possible structural brain changes. Methods This cross-sectional study involved 23 acromegaly patients divided into two groups according to treatment modality: One group of 9 patients treated with pegvisomant and another group of 14 patients treated with SRLs. All participants underwent blood analysis, neuropsychological tests, depression tests, quality of life assessment, and 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging. Results We found no significant differences between groups in the neuropsychological tests, depression or quality of life; nor in the whole-brain cortical thickness. In the SRL group, the volume of the thalamus correlated positively with executive function, a correlation not found in the pegvisomant group. In addition, the pegvisomant group had significantly higher levels of insulin than the SRL group. Conclusions In conclusion, in this pilot study, the type of pharmacological treatment in patients with acromegaly and good glycemic control did not influence the cognitive function and cortical brain thickness. However, pegvisomant could play a neuroprotective role on the thalamus that will have to be demonstrated with larger samples in future studies.

Background The use of Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) for rare cutaneous tumors is poorly defined. We aim to describe the demographics, tumor presentation and topography, surgery characteristics and complications of MMS for rare cutaneous tumors in a national registry. Methods Prospective cohort study of patients treated with MMS in Spain between July 2013 and June 2018. The inclusion criteria were patients with cutaneous tumors with final diagnosis different from basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, or any kind of melanoma. Results Five thousand and ninety patients were recorded in the registry, from which only 73 tumors (1.4%) fulfilled the inclusion criteria: atypical fibroxanthoma (18), microcystic adnexal carcinoma (10), extramammary Paget's disease (7), Merkel cell carcinoma (5), dermatofibroma (4), trichilemmal carcinoma (4), desmoplastic trichoepithelioma (4), sebaceous carcinoma (3), leiomyosarcoma (2), porocarcinoma (2), angiosarcoma (2), trichoblastoma (1), superficial acral fibromyxoma (1), and others (10). No intra-surgery morbidity was registered. Postsurgery complications appeared in six patients (9%) and were considered mild. Median follow-up time was 0.9 years during which three Merkel cell carcinomas, one angiosarcoma, one microcystic adnexal carcinoma, and four others recurred (12.3%). Conclusion This national registry shows that rare cutaneous tumors represent a negligible part of the total MMS performed in our country with a low complication rate.

Introduction The Spanish Mohs Surgery Registry is used to collect data on the use and outcomes of Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) in Spain. The aim of this study was to describe perioperative and intraoperative data recorded for MMS procedures performed between July 2013 (when the registry started) and January 2016. Material and methods Prospective cohort study of data from 18 hospitals. The data collected included type of anesthesia, surgical technique, hospital admission, number of Mohs stages, management of preoperative risk factors, additional treatments, previous treatments, type of tumor, operating time, and complications. Results Data were available for 1796 operations. The most common tumor treated by MMS was basal cell carcinoma (85.96%), followed by squamous cell carcinoma (6.18%), lentigo maligna (2.81%), and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (1.97%). Primary tumors accounted for 66.9% of all tumors operated on; 19.2% of tumors were recurrent and 13.9% were persistent. The most common previous treatment was surgical. MMS was mostly performed under local anesthesia (86.7% of cases) and as an outpatient procedure (71.8%). The frozen section technique was used in 89.5% of cases. One stage was needed to achieve tumor-free margins in 56.45% of patients; 2 stages were required in 32.1% of patients, 3 in 7.1%%, 4 in 2.7%, and 5 or more in 1.8%. The defect was reconstructed by the dermatologist in 98% of patients and the most common technique was flap closure (47.2%). Intraoperative complications were recorded for just 1.62% of patients and the median (interquartile range) duration of surgery was 75 (60-100) minutes. Conclusion The characteristics of the patients and tumors treated by MMS are similar to those reported for similar studies in other geographic areas. Lentigo maligna and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans accounted for a higher proportion of cases in our series, and repair of the surgical defect by a dermatologist was also more common. Operating times in MMS are not much longer than those reported for other procedures and the rate of intraoperative complications is very low.

Background: WhatsApp is a preferred method of remote consultation for patients. However, the tack a legal framework for this type of patient-physician contact or the inappropriate use of the application can have negative emotional effects on the dermatologist. Objectives: To determine the basic characteristics of WhatsApp consultations, quantify the time spent on them, and assess the emotional impact on the dermatologist. Material and methods: Retrospective, descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study of responses to a 43-item online survey sent to 275 dermatologists who were members of the Spanish Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (AEDV) working in the Spanish autonomous community of Valencia. Results: A total of 128 dermatologists (46.6%) responded. All reported that they used WhatsApp or Telegram; 93% received consultations by this means and 88.3% responded to the messages. Acute inflammatory conditions, usually requiring medication, accounted for 74.1% of the messages. Nearly a third of the consultations required a visit with the dermatologist.The respondents thought that patients used this means of consultation because they felt at ease with the dermatologist, the app was a convenient tool, and they received quick responses. Thirty-one percent of the dermatologists reported that WhatsApp consultations had a negative emotional impact on them, and 82.3% would prefer not to receive these messages. Conclusions: WhatsApp consultation should be regulated. Few studies have looked at this type of consultation and many questions remain to be answered. (C) 2020 AEDV. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U.

BackgroundThe two main tumors treated with Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) are basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). There are no studies analyzing whether MMS is different when treating these two types of tumors. ObjectiveWe aim to compare the characteristics of the patients, the tumors, and MMS, and first-year follow-up of MMS in BCC and SCC. MethodsREGESMOHS is a prospective cohort study of patients treated with MMS. The participating centers are 19 Spanish hospitals where at least one MMS is performed per week. Data on characteristics of the patients, tumors, and surgery were recorded. The follow-up was done with two visits: the first visit within 1 month after surgery and the second one within the first year. ResultsFrom July 2013 to April 2017, a total of 2,669 patients who underwent MMS were included in the registry. Of them, 2,448 (93%) were diagnosed with BCC, and 181 (7%) were diagnosed with SCC. Patients with SCC were older than those with BCC (median age 73 years vs. 68 years) and presented immunosuppression more frequently. The tumor size was significantly larger in the SCC group. Regarding surgery, deeper invasion was more frequent in SCC, resulting in larger defects. Despite this, SCC did not require more stages to get clear margins or more time in the operating room. Incomplete Mohs was more frequent in the SCC group (6%) than in the BCC group (2%). The incidence of perioperative complications was higher when treating SCC. There were more relapses in the first-year follow-up in the SCC group. ConclusionThere are significant differences when comparing MMS in BCC and SCC. Knowledge of these differences can help to prepare the patient and plan the surgery, optimizing results.

Background and objective Chondrodermatitis nodularis helicis (CNH) is a painful idiopathic degenerative condition involving the skin and cartilage of the helix or antihelix of the ear. Topical nitroglycerin 2% is a relatively recent treatment option for CNH that has produced good results, although with adverse effects (17% of cases). The use of a lower concentration would probably achieve similar results with fewer adverse effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of topical nitroglycerin 0.2% in the treatment of CNH. Material and methods We performed a retrospective observational study of patients treated in 2 Spanish hospitals between 2012 and 2014. The effectiveness of treatment was determined by clinical photography and assessment of symptoms using a verbal numerical rating scale. Results Of the 29 patients treated, 93% showed clinical improvement. In the group of responders, mean treatment duration was 1.8 months and mean follow-up was 5.9 months. Overall tolerance was good in all cases. Conclusion Topical nitroglycerin 0.2% is an effective and well-tolerated conservative treatment option that improves the appearance of lesions and provides symptomatic relief in the majority of patients with CNH.

Introduction The Spanish registry of Mohs micrographic surgery started collecting data in July 2013. The aim of the registry is to report on the use of this technique in Spain and the outcomes achieved. In the present article, we describe the characteristics of patients and the tumors treated. Material and methods This is a prospective cohort study of patients treated with Mohs micrographic surgery. The participating centers are hospitals where at least one intervention of this type is performed each week. All patients considered for Mohs micrographic surgery in participating centers are included in the registry except those who have been declared legally incompetent. Results Between July 2013 and October 2014, data from 655 patients were included in the registry. The most common tumor involved was basal cell carcinoma, and the most common histological subtype was infiltrative basal cell carcinoma. Most of the tumors treated were located on the face or scalp, and the most common site was the nose. Almost 40% of the tumors treated were recurrent or persistent, and preoperative tumor size was similar to that reported in other European studies and in Australia. In total, 45.5% of patients had received previous surgical treatment. Conclusion The findings are similar to those reported in other studies, and the data collected are useful for assessing whether the results of studies carried out elsewhere are applicable in Spain.

Background Regesmohs registry is a nationwide registry including patients evaluated for Mohs surgery in 17 Spanish centres since July 2013. Given that Mohs surgery is the therapy with best results for high risk basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and other skin tumours, we wanted to describe the reasons that lead to some patients being excluded from this therapy and the alternative treatments that they received. These data may be useful to avoid excluding patients for Mohs surgery use, to estimate the healthcare demand of these patients and the demand for Hedgehog inhibitors therapy in this group. Objective To describe patients excluded for Mohs surgery after pre-surgical assessment, and the treatments that they received. Methods Regesmohs includes all consecutive patients assessed for Mohs surgery in the participating centres, collecting data on patient characteristics, intervention, and short and long-term results. Patients excluded for Mohs surgery after pre-surgical evaluation were described. Results 3011 patients were included in Regesmohs from July 2013 to October 2016. In 85, Mohs surgery was not performed as they were considered inadequate candidates. 67 had BCC. Reasons for exclusion were: medical contraindication (27.1%, n = 23) low-risk tumour in (18.8%, n = 16) and giant tumour and bone invasion (15.3%, n = 13). Only 1 patient (1.2%) showed lymph node involvement and no patients had visceral metastases. Of the 85 excluded patients, 29 (34.1%) were treated with conventional surgery, 24 (28.3%) with radiotherapy, 4 (4.7%) with inhibitors of the Hedgehog pathway (only indicated for BCC), and 2 (2.4%) received palliative care. We had no follow-up data on 14 patients (16.5%). Conclusion Medical comorbidities were the most common reason for withholding Mohs surgery. Withholding therapy on the basis of distant extension is uncommon. Most excluded patients received simpler therapies: conventional surgery or radiotherapy, with hedgehog inhibitors being a new option.

Background The elderly population is increasing and more patients in this group undergo Mohs micrographic surgery. The few publications investigating MMS in elderly people conclude that it is a safe procedure; however, these are single centre studies without a comparison group. Objective To compare the characteristics of patients, tumours, MMS, and one-year follow-up in patients younger than 80 years, with patients older than 80 years at the time of surgery. Methods Data was analysed from REGESMOHS, a prospective cohort study of patients treated with MMS. The participating centres were 19 Spanish hospitals where at least one MMS is performed per week. Data on characteristics of the patient, tumour, and surgery were recorded. Follow-up data was collected from two visits; the first within one month post-surgery and the second within the first year. Results From July 2013 to October 2016, 2575 patients that underwent MMS were included in the registry. Of them, 1942 (75,4%) were aged < 80 years and 633 (24,6%) were ≥80 years-old. In the elderly, the tumour size was significantly higher with a higher proportion of squamous cell carcinoma. Regarding surgery, elderly more commonly had tumours with deeper invasion and required a higher number of Mohs surgery stages, leaving larger defects, and requiring more time in the operating room. Despite this, the incidence of post-operative complications was the same in both groups (7%) and there were no significant differences in proportion of relapses in the first-year follow-up. Conclusion The risk of short term complications and relapses were similar in elderly and younger groups. MMS is a safe procedure in the elderly. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Background Malignant melanoma risk factors have been studied in different geographical area populations. However, no study has focused on risk factors which are more frequently associated to the over 60's age group. Methods A case-control study was performed that included 160 patients age ≥ 60 years diagnosed of cutaneous melanoma and 318 controls matched for age and sex. Both groups were assessed, by personal interview and physical examination, for different phenotype characteristics (hair and eye color, phototype), the presence of other cutaneous lesions (solar lentigines, actinic keratoses and nevi), degree and type of solar exposure and personal and family past history of cutaneous or non-cutaneous cancer. Differences were evaluated by contingency tables and univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results Of 17 factors, those risk factors with a strong effect on the development of melanoma in the elderly were: fair eyes, severe sunburns, years of occupational sun exposure, smoking, > 50 melanocytic nevi and personal history of NMSC and other non-cutaneous neoplasias. Conclusions Tobacco smoking is an independent risk factor for cutaneous melanoma in the elderly. Intense (both acute and chronic) sun exposure and constitutional features, such as tumor susceptibility (NMSC, non-cutaneous neoplasias, and multiple nevi) are also associated with melanoma risk. All these factors should help to better design educational campaigns in older people.

Summary Background Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective treatment for actinic keratoses, Bowen’s disease and basal cell carcinoma. The main drawback of PDT is pain during application. Objectives To compare the efficacy of supratrochlear and supraorbital nerve block with cold air analgesia to control the pain experienced during PDT. Methods A controlled open clinical trial was conducted in 34 patients having multiple actinic keratoses in the frontal region treated with PDT. On one side of the frontal region the supratrochlear and supraorbital nerves were blocked, while on the other side cold air was used as the method of analgesia. Pain was recorded on a visual analogue scale after treatment. Results Thirty-one of 34 patients reported less pain in the zone treated with nerve block. This difference was statistically significant. Conclusions Nerve block is superior to cold air and is an easy, safe, effective means of controlling the pain associated with PDT.

Resumen Introduccion El eritema acral (EA) es una reaccion cutanea relativamente frecuente producida por diferentes agentes quimioterapicos. Otros terminos con los que se le conoce son eritrodisestesia palmoplantar o sindrome pie-mano. Se presenta como un eritema doloroso en palmas y plantas asociado a parestesias en el contexto de un tratamiento oncologico. El EA parece ser dosis-dependiente, y tanto el pico plasmatico como la dosis acumulada del quimioterapico determinan su aparicion. La clinica y los hallazgos histopatologicos sugieren una citotoxicidad directa de la epidermis acral por las altas concentraciones de los quimioterapicos. Los agentes mas frecuentemente implicados son doxorrubicina, 5-fluorouracilo y derivados, citarabina y docetaxel. Material y metodos Se presentan las caracteristicas clinicas e histologicas de una serie de pacientes diagnosticados de eritema acral por quimioterapicos. Se incluyeron en el trabajo todos los pacientes sometidos a quimioterapia que desarrollaron lesiones de eritema acral durante un periodo de tiempo comprendido entre enero de 2000 y diciembre de 2003. Resultados y conclusion Se encontraron 44 casos entre los 2.186 pacientes sometidos a quimioterapia, lo que supuso una incidencia del 2,01 % durante el periodo de estudio, y el 16,75 % de todas las lesiones cutaneas atribuidas a la quimioterapia. El farmaco mas frecuentemente relacionado fue el 5-fluorouracilo en infusion continua, y la mayor incidencia se dio en pacientes tratados con doxorrubicina liposomial. El EA fue toxicidad limitante de dosis en el 29,5% de los casos. Los hallazgos histologicos variaron segun la intensidad clinica de las lesiones, encontrando una dermatitis de interfase con necrosis de queratinocitos variable, dilatacion del plexo vascular superficial y un escaso infiltrado inflamatorio. El tratamiento mas utilizado fue la piridoxina y las medidas locales como fomentos frios, emolientes y corticoids topicos.

Introduction. Acral erythema, also known as palmoplantar erythrodysesthesia or hand-foot syndrome, is a relatively common cutaneous reaction caused by a variety of chemotherapeutic agents. It presents during cancer treatment as painful erythema and paresthesia affecting the palms and soles. It seems to be dose dependent and its appearance is determined by both the peak plasma concentration and the cumulative dose of the chemotherapeutic agent. The symptoms and histopathology findings are suggestive of direct cytotoxicity affecting the epidermis of the extremities caused by high concentrations of chemotherapeutic agents. The most commonly implicated agents are doxorubicin, 5-fluoracil and its derivatives, cytarabine, and docetaxel. Material and methods. We present the clinical and histologic characteristics of a series of patients diagnosed with chemotherapy-induced acral erythema. The study included all patients who developed acral erythema lesions following chemotherapy between January 2000 and December 2003. Results and conclusions. Out of 2186 patients who underwent chemotherapy, 44 cases of acral erythema were identified, representing an incidence of 2.01% during the study period and 16.75% of all cutaneous lesions attributed to chemotherapy. The most commonly implicated drug was 5-fluoracil administered by continuous infusion and the highest incidence was observed in patients treated with liposomal doxorubicin. Acral erythema was a dose-limiting toxic effect in 29.5% of cases. The histologic findings varied according to the clinical severity of the lesions and included interface dermatitis with variable keratinocyte necrosis, dilation of the superficial vascular plexus, and limited inflammatory infiltrate. The most commonly used treatment was pyridoxine, along with topical treatments such as cold compresses, emollients, and topical corticosteroids.

Stewart-Bluefarb syndrome is a rare condition involving skin lesions that share clinical features with Kaposi sarcoma and that are secondary to an underlying arteriovenous fistula. We report the case of a 24-year-old man with progressive growth of skin lesions on the lower third of his left leg. Diagnosis of Stewart-Bluefarb syndrome was confirmed histologically and with detection of an arteriovenous fistula.

Dermatofibroma is a very frequent lesion that usually appears as a slowly growing nodule in the dermis, and preferentially involves the lower extremities of women. Several clinical variants have been described. Giant dermatofibroma has been defined as a rare variant of dermatofibroma measuring more than 5 cm that presents typical histological features and a benign biological behavior. We report the case of a 52-year-old man that presented a giant dermatofibroma with a diameter of 6 cm in the right shoulder and we review the few cases of this variant that have been described in the literature.

Dermatofibroma is a very frequent lesion that usually appears as a slowly growing nodule in the dermis, and preferentially involves the lower extremities of women. Several clinical variants have been described. Giant dermatofibroma has been defined as a rare variant of dermatofibroma measuring more than 5 cm that presents typical histological features and a benign biological behavior. We report the case of a 52-year-old man that presented a giant dermatofibroma with a diameter of 6 cm in the right shoulder and we review the few cases of this variant that have been described in the literature.

The extravasation of cytostatic agents is a known, serious situation that can easily occur and cause chronic, irreversible damage. The incidence of extravasation ranges from 0.1 %-6.5 %, according to different studies. Many cases of extravasation can be prevented by systematizing the administration techniques for cytostatic agents. We present the clinical and histological characteristics of a series of patients with extravasation lesions. Included in the study were all patients treated with chemotherapy who developed localized lesions in the area of the cytostatic injection after extravasation was detected during administration. The patients were studied and followed up for a three-year period, from January 2000 to December 2003, inclusive. We found nine cases of extravasation among the 2,186 patients who were treated with chemotherapy, which represents an incidence of 0.41 %, and 3.4 % of all chemotherapy-induced skin lesions. The cytostatic agent most often involved was vinorelbine, and the most frequent location was the antecubital fossa. The intensity of the lesions made it necessary to delay the next cycle of treatment in 55 % of the cases. The histological findings varied depending on when the biopsy was done, showing panniculitis with low cellularity together with epidermal lesions attributable to direct cytotoxicity. The best treatment for extravasation is prevention, but when it has already occurred, measures vary depending on the cytostatic drug extravasated and the intensity of the lesions. Conservative measures are advisable before surgery.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma is an uncommon tumor of the head and neck. Although it is mainly located in the salivary gland, a skin location has also been described. Metastases are rare, but 50 % of the cases relapse. A 65-year-old male patient had a lesion in the upper lip. After resection, the histological diagnosis was adenoid cystic carcinoma. Treatment was completed with radiotherapy. Ten years later, a nodule was detected in the neck. Its histological diagnosis was lymphatic metastasis due to adenoid cystic carcinoma. Primary cutaneous adenoid cystic carcinoma is a very uncommon tumor in which treatment consists in extensive local excision with free margins. Radiotherapy is not curative and should be reserved for palliative treatments. Multicenter, prospective studies are necessary to determine the best treatment and especially the adjuvant treatment for adenoid cystic carcinoma.

Bowen's disease is a special form of squamous cell carcinoma in situ that usually develops in photoexposed areas of skin. The treatment of choice is surgery. Less frequently, it may appear in other locations such as the nails, glans penis, intertriginous areas and the perianal region, where conventional treatment may be complicated. We contribute a new case of perianal Bowen's disease, which responded to treatment with imiquimod with no evidence of clinical recurrence after 3 years of follow up. Imiquimod appears to be a therapeutic alternative for perianal Bowen's disease, which seems to have a particular tendency to recur in this location where surgery may also be complicated.

Stewart-Bluefarb syndrome is a rare condition involving skin lesions that share clinical features with Kaposi sarcoma and that are secondary to an underlying arteriovenous fistula. We report the case of a 24-year-old man with progressive growth of skin lesions on the lower third of his left leg. Diagnosis of Ste- wart-Bluefarb syndrome was confirmed histologically and with detection of an arteriovenous fistula.

Servicio de Dermatologia. Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia. Valencia. Espana. tablecimos el diagnostico de aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) membranosa del cuero cabelludo con signo del collar de pelo, asociada a polidactilia y sindactilia, lo cual podria corresponderse con el grupo 1 de ACC del cuero cabelludo sin anomalias asociadas o asociada a anomalias aisladas3. En relacion con este caso queremos destacar dos aspectos. En primer lugar, que ante cualquier lesion congenita de la linea media debemos realizar una evaluacion exhaustiva antes de la escision quirurgica o biopsia. La tomografia computarizada es el metodo mas exacto para determinar defectos craneales. Si se detecta un defecto oseo con este metodo, esta indicado un examen con resonancia magnetica para determinar si existe extension transcraneal de tejido blando. Si no hay defecto craneal y la lesion es compatible con una aplasia cutis membranosa no es necesario realizar una biopsia. En segundo lugar, que la asociacion de varios marcadores cutaneos en el cuero cabelludo, como por ejemplo el signo del collar de pelo y malformaciones vasculares, aumenta la posibilidad de un disrafismo cervical asociado4,5. Bibliografia 1. Commens C, Rogers M, Kan A. Heterotropic brain tissue presenting as bald cysts with a collar of hypertrophic hair. Arch Dermatol. 1989;125:1253-6. 2. Drolet B, Prendiville J, Golden J, Enjolras O, Esterly NB. Membranous aplasia cutis with hair collars. Congenital absence of skin or neuroectodermal defect? Arch Dermatol. 1995;131:1427-31. 3. Frieden IJ. Aplasia cutis congenita: a clinical review and proposal for classification. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1986;14: 646-60. 4. Herron MD, Coffin CM, Vanderhooft SL. Vascular stains and hair collar sign associated with congenital anomalies of the scalp. Pediatr Dermatol. 2005;22: 200-5. 5. Fujita Y, Yokota K, Akiyama M, Machino S, Inokuma D, Arita K, et al. Two cases of atypical membranous aplasia cutis with hair collar sign: one with dermal melanocytosis, and the other with naevus flammeus. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2005;30:497-9.

oral and genital lesions a few days earlier. There were various painful ulcers on the hard palate, with a yellowish membrane on the surface and an erythematous base (Figure 3). The vulva presented a 1-cm lesion of the same characteristics. The patient reported that she had a 3-year history of recurrent outbreaks of these types of painful lesions in the oral and genital mucosa.

Servicio de Dermatologia, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, Spain the diagnosis of membranous aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) of the scalp with hair collar sign, associated with polydactyly and syndactyly. This diagnosis could correspond to ACC group 1 of the scalp with no associated abnormalities or associated with isolated anomalies.3 Two aspects should be mentioned in relation to this case. First of all, a comprehensive assessment should be performed on any congenital lesion of the midline before surgical excision or biopsy. Computed tomography is the most accurate method for assessing cranial defects. Any bone defect observed with this method should be examined by magnetic resonance imaging to determine if there is transcranial extension of soft tissue. If there is no cranial defect and the lesion is consistent with membranous aplasia cutis, then biopsy is not necessary. Secondly, the association of various cutaneous markers on the scalp, such as the hair collar sign and vascular malformations, increases the possibility of associated cervical dysraphism.4,5 References 1. Commens C, Rogers M, Kan A. Heterotropic brain tissue presenting as bald cysts with a collar of hypertrophic hair. Arch Dermatol. 1989;125:1253-6. 2. Drolet B, Prendiville J, Golden J, Enjolras O, Esterly NB. Membranous aplasia cutis with hair collars. Congenital absence of skin or neuroectodermal defect? Arch Dermatol. 1995;131:1427-31. 3. Frieden IJ. Aplasia cutis congenita: a clinical review and proposal for classification. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1986;14: 646-60. 4. Herron MD, Coffin CM, Vanderhooft SL. Vascular stains and hair collar sign associated with congenital anomalies of the scalp. Pediatr Dermatol. 2005;22: 200-5. 5. Fujita Y, Yokota K, Akiyama M, Machino S, Inokuma D, Arita K, et al. Two cases of atypical membranous aplasia cutis with hair collar sign: one with dermal melanocytosis, and the other with naevus flammeus. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2005;30:497-9.