493,867 results
Search Results
152. 18‐2: Invited Paper: LCD Enhancement Films Enabling High‐Performance Near‐IR Transparent LCDs
- Author
-
Bharat R. Acharya, Richens Wang, Desmond Liu, Geegee Hu, Sousa Matthew E, Jennifer Chen, Robert D. Taylor, Ryan Fabick, Yang Liu, David Rosen, Shine Long, Quinn D. Sanford, and Matthew T. Cole
- Subjects
Liquid-crystal display ,Materials science ,law ,business.industry ,Optoelectronics ,business ,law.invention - Published
- 2021
153. 3‐3: Invited Paper: Development of Organic TFT Technology for Active‐Matrix Display Backplane
- Author
-
Xiaojun Guo, Lei Han, Yukun Huang, and Wei Tang
- Subjects
Materials science ,Backplane ,law ,business.industry ,Thin-film transistor ,Optoelectronics ,business ,Active matrix ,law.invention - Published
- 2021
154. 47‐4: Student Paper: Ambient Light and Human Vision Effects on High‐Dynamic‐Range Displays
- Author
-
Junyu Zou, En-Lin Hsiang, Shin-Tson Wu, Ziqian He, and Qian Yang
- Subjects
Materials science ,Liquid-crystal display ,business.industry ,law ,Optoelectronics ,business ,High dynamic range ,law.invention - Published
- 2021
155. Effect of process control on optimization of pulp and paper mill wastewater treatment by electrocoagulation
- Author
-
Hale Hapoglu, Baran Ozyurt, and Şule Camcıoğlu
- Subjects
Environmental Engineering ,Materials science ,Central composite design ,General Chemical Engineering ,medicine.medical_treatment ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Electrocoagulation ,law.invention ,law ,medicine ,Environmental Chemistry ,Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Total suspended solids ,Electrolysis ,business.industry ,Chemical oxygen demand ,Environmental engineering ,Paper mill ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Pulp and paper industry ,Wastewater ,Electrode ,0210 nano-technology ,business - Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of electrical conductivity, pH and temperature which were kept constant during treatment via an advanced control strategy on chemical oxygen demand, color, turbidity and total suspended solids removal and energy consumption. Central Composite Design matrices were formed for aluminum and iron electrode systems separately with different combinations of 5 independent variables (electrical conductivity, pH, temperature, current intensity and electrolysis time). Obtained results revealed that aluminum electrode system was found to be more effective than iron electrode system under controlled conditions. Comparison of uncontrolled and controlled studies at optimum values of aluminum electrode system showed an increase by 31.67% in chemical oxygen demand removal and a decrease by 48.30% in energy consumption under controlled case. Results indicated that constant electrical conductivity, pH and temperature during electrocoagulation process of pulp and paper mill wastewater by means of a controller enhanced treatment efficiency.
- Published
- 2017
156. Graphene paper for exceptional EMI shielding performance using large-sized graphene oxide sheets and doping strategy
- Author
-
Peng Li Zhu, Rong Sun, Shuhui Yu, Ching-Ping Wong, Wei-Hsin Liao, and Yan Jun Wan
- Subjects
Materials science ,Graphene ,business.industry ,Doping ,Oxide ,Nanotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Electromagnetic interference ,0104 chemical sciences ,law.invention ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,law ,EMI ,Electromagnetic shielding ,Optoelectronics ,General Materials Science ,0210 nano-technology ,Absorption (electromagnetic radiation) ,business ,Graphene oxide paper - Abstract
Large-sized graphene sheets (LG) and doping strategy were employed to fabricate lightweight and flexible graphene paper with exceptional electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance. Compared with the smaller sized ones, LG with fewer defects and more conjugated carbon domain size as well as better alignment result in higher electrical conductivity and strength of graphene paper. The iodine doping further improves the carrier density of LG by formation of triiodide ( I 3 − ) and pentaiodide ( I 5 − ) through charge transfer process without deteriorating the mechanical property, thus leading to superior EMI shielding effectiveness (SE). The EMI SE of iodine doped LG film with thickness of 12.5 μm is up to ∼52.2 dB at 8.2 GHz, which is much higher than that of undoped LG with the same thickness (∼47.0 dB). More important, the improvements in EMI SE is contributed to the SE absorption, while the SE reflection is almost unchanged. The mechanisms of improved EMI shielding performance as well as mechanical property were investigated and discussed. The present study provides a facile way to fully develop graphene in lightweight and flexible EMI shielding materials and devices.
- Published
- 2017
157. Socioeconomic factors influencing global paper and paperboard demand
- Author
-
Hiroyasu Oka, Taiyo Chiba, and Chihiro Kayo
- Subjects
Engineering ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Corrugated fiberboard ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Agricultural economics ,law.invention ,Biomaterials ,Kuznets curve ,law ,education ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,media_common ,040101 forestry ,Paperboard ,education.field_of_study ,Variables ,Writing paper ,business.industry ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Gift wrapping ,visual_art ,Newsprint ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,business ,Panel data - Abstract
To clarify the socioeconomic factors influencing global paper and paperboard demand, a panel data analysis was conducted covering the period 1961–2014. This study used paper and paperboard demand as the dependent variable, and a country’s economic level, Internet usage rate, plastic packaging demand, and time trend as the explanatory variables. An inverse U-shaped quadratic relationship, such as an environmental Kuznets curve, was found between economic level and paper and paperboard demand, which saturates and begins to decline as economic level increases. The economic level representing the turning point differs significantly with the use, ranging from around 37,000 US$/person for newsprint paper to around 66,000 US$/person for printing and writing paper. For both newsprint paper and printing and writing paper, demand declines owing to the spread of the Internet as the economic level rises, although this reductive effect is greater for printing and writing paper than for newsprint paper. A substitution relationship is not found between wrapping paper and corrugated cardboard on the one hand and plastic packaging on the other hand as the economic level becomes higher.
- Published
- 2017
158. Frequency domain spectroscopy measurements of oil-paper insulation for energized transformers
- Author
-
Shawn Nielsen, Xu Yang, and Gerard Ledwich
- Subjects
Engineering ,condition monitoring ,020209 energy ,Frequency domain spectroscopy ,02 engineering and technology ,Dielectric ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,law ,energized power transformer ,0103 physical sciences ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Electronic engineering ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Transformer ,online ,010302 applied physics ,business.industry ,anzsrc Australian and New Zealand Standard Research Class ,nonlinearity ,Condition monitoring ,090601 Circuits and Systems ,Nonlinear system ,Frequency Domain Spectroscopy ,transformer ,oil-paper insulation system ,Dissipation factor ,business ,Excitation ,Voltage - Abstract
Frequency Domain Spectroscopy (FDS) is proposed as a suitable diagnostic method in this paper for implementation on energized oil-paper insulation systems. In present FDS tests, the measurement method is only designed for offline applications. To overcome the deficiencies with the offline testing, this work investigates the feasibility of performing FDS measurements on energized transformers with the view to developing an online diagnostic tool using neutral connections as injection and measurement paths. In the proposed technique, a low-pass filter system is designed to remove the high frequency noise as well as the power frequency signals present in the measured neutral currents. The technique has been successfully applied in a laboratory environment on transformers with oil-paper insulation systems with different operational ages and is feasible for single-phase as well as 3-phase transformers with the accessible neutral points. Compared with the conventional FDS results, a nonlinear dielectric phenomenon is observed from the energized insulation systems as higher dissipation factor Tanδ values primarily due to the increased losses under power frequency voltage excitation. The degree of the nonlinearity is found to correlate well with the degradation status of insulation systems under test.
- Published
- 2017
159. Optimization and fouling mechanism of a thermophile submerged MBR (TSMBR) pilot plant for wastewater treatment in a paper mill
- Author
-
Michael Cramer, Jens Tränckner, and Stephan Kloth
- Subjects
Suspended solids ,Fouling ,business.industry ,Process Chemistry and Technology ,Membrane fouling ,Environmental engineering ,Paper mill ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,Pilot plant ,Wastewater ,law ,Environmental science ,Sewage treatment ,0210 nano-technology ,Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality ,business ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Filtration ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Biotechnology - Abstract
The state-of-art is a mesophilic treatment of wastewater in paper mills without reuse due to the high water quality requirements. Thermophilic biological treatment could save a large amount of thermal energy, but the major obstacle of a reuse are the poor sludge settling properties under thermophile conditions, leading to insufficient water quality if conventional gravimetric phase separation is applied. MBR technology is a promising alternative which allows a recirculation of treated water for improving the water and energy footprint. So far, there is only limited experience with thermophilic MBR at the time. In this study, a thermophilic MBR with a submerged membrane (TSMBR) was operated to treat wastewater from a paper mill with a COD concentration of 25–30 g L −1 . The TSMBR was integrated into the operational process of the paper mill. Research questions were the influence of suspended solids, food to microorganism ratio (F/M ratio), cross-flow-aeration and filtration flux to the fouling of the membrane. Applying the critical flux concept, optimal operating conditions and costs for a future economic full-scale implementation could be derived. Key results are inter alia a sub-critical flux of below 10 L m −2 h −1 is recommended for long-time durability of the membrane for minimizing the irreversible fouling and the permeability decrease. A chemical cleaning does not change the critical flux, but improves the permeability of the membrane significantly. The TSMBR suffered from increasing fouling at a cross-flow-aeration of below 0.6 m 3 m −2 h −1 and a concentration of suspended solids of above 14 g L −1 . A stable process and cleaning could only be ensured by a F/M ratio of below 0.4 g COD g MLSS −1 d −1 . Higher values result in an increased cake layer formation and intensive foaming.
- Published
- 2017
160. Probiotics Against Viruses; COVID-19 is a Paper Tiger: A Systematic Review
- Author
-
Zamzam Paknahad and Amir Reza Moravejolahkami
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Disease ,Antiviral Agents ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,Probiotic ,0302 clinical medicine ,Immune system ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Microbiome ,SARS-CoV-2 ,business.industry ,Probiotics ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,COVID-19 ,Observational Studies as Topic ,030104 developmental biology ,Observational study ,business - Abstract
Background: Probiotics can improve immune function leading to the prevention and management of viral infections like SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19 disease). Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science up to May 2020 to identify interventional & observational studies documenting the effects of probiotics on incidence, severity, duration, and other clinical manifestations of viral infections, especially SARS-CoV-2-induced. Results: From a total of 91 records, 24 studies were obtained and classified into three domains based on the efficacy of probiotics on 1) shortening the period and severity of infections (n=9), 2) incidence (n=6), and 3) other clinical complications that may be followed by viral disorders (n=9). Identified probiotics have positive effects on the mentioned domains. Conclusion: Based on the evidence, some probiotic strains may be useful in SARS-CoV-2 infection; randomized trials are needed to show the facts.
- Published
- 2021
161. Oil‐paper insulation partial discharge ultrasonic multifrequency sensing array based on fibre‐optic Fabry–Perot sensor
- Author
-
Jiali Lei, Yuxuan Song, Zhixian Zhang, Fan Liu, Kejie Wu, Weigen Chen, and Tianhe Yang
- Subjects
Materials science ,Optical fiber ,Optics ,law ,business.industry ,Partial discharge ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Ultrasonic sensor ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business ,Fabry–Pérot interferometer ,law.invention - Published
- 2021
162. Assessment of Power Transformer Paper Ageing Using Wavelet Texture Analysis of Microscopy Images
- Author
-
Nathan D. Jacob, Behzad Kordi, and Sherif S. Sherif
- Subjects
010302 applied physics ,Materials science ,business.industry ,ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION ,Wavelet transform ,Pattern recognition ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,Statistical classification ,Wavelet ,Optical microscope ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,Microscopy ,Unsupervised learning ,Artificial intelligence ,Texture (crystalline) ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business ,Thermal analysis - Abstract
This paper presents a wavelet texture analysis of microscopy images acquired from artificially-aged samples of power transformer winding insulation paper. Oil-impregnated Kraft paper samples are prepared for experimental tests where they are thermally stressed in an oven at temperatures above what would normally occur in operation. This accelerated ageing test arrangement is used to produce a set of paper samples with varying levels of insulation deterioration. From the paper samples, microscopy images of the paper surface are obtained using a standard optical microscope. These microscopic images are analyzed using a texture analysis method that utilizes a two-dimensional wavelet transform to extract detailed information from the wavelet decomposition coefficient matrices. These features are analyzed to assess how the texture of paper changes in response to thermal deterioration and ageing. The results suggest that the texture features are correlated to the commonly-used degree of polymerization test. Additionally, statistical classification is performed on the wavelet texture features using both supervised and unsupervised machine learning methods. The results demonstrate that differentiation between oil-impregnated paper samples with different levels of thermal degradation using wavelet texture analysis is effective.
- Published
- 2020
163. Fabrication of Flexible Carbon Nanotube Network on Paper Substrate: Effect of Post Treatment Temperature on Electrodes
- Author
-
Moojin Kim, Kyoung-Bo Kim, and Hayk Khachatryan
- Subjects
Materials science ,Fabrication ,business.industry ,Network on ,Substrate (printing) ,Carbon nanotube ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,law.invention ,law ,Electrode ,Optoelectronics ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Post treatment ,business - Abstract
The electrical, thermal, chemical, and mechanical characteristics of a flexible electrode consisting of carbon nanotubes on paper were investigated under various conditions. The main driving motivation was to develop a durable and flexible film for conductive electrode applications. The general characteristics of the electrode based on carbon nanotubes were found to be sensitive to coating sequence and aging temperature and duration. The number of coatings can be used to tune network density and form a well entangled carbon nanotube layer on paper. Aging temperature was found to be critical to electrical characteristics, and 60 °C was determined to be the optimal aging temperature. At higher temperatures, calcium oxide contained in the paper may form carbonates, which change the structure of the paper, and the carbon nanotubes can be oxidized, which led to reduced electrical performance. The mechanical durability tests revealed that the electrode was functional up to a 3 mm bending radius.
- Published
- 2020
164. Fabrication and electrochemical evaluation of micro-supercapacitors prepared by direct laser writing on free-standing graphite oxide paper
- Author
-
Matheus S. Pereira, Stanislav A. Moshkalev, Ednan Joanni, Rajesh Kumar Singh, Rajesh Kumar, Raluca Savu, Carlos J. L. Constantino, Lauro T. Kubota, Atsunori Matsuda, Toyohashi Univ Technol, Ctr Informat Technol Renato Archer CTI, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), and CUHP
- Subjects
Fabrication ,Materials science ,Direct laser writing ,020209 energy ,Oxide ,Graphite oxide ,02 engineering and technology ,Capacitance ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,law.invention ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,020401 chemical engineering ,law ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,0204 chemical engineering ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Cycling stability ,Civil and Structural Engineering ,mu-supercapacitors ,Supercapacitor ,Horizontal scan rate ,Graphene ,business.industry ,Mechanical Engineering ,Pulsed laser ,Building and Construction ,Areal capacitance ,Pollution ,General Energy ,chemistry ,Optoelectronics ,GO paper ,Cyclic voltammetry ,business - Abstract
Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-04T12:39:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-07-15 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan JSPS KAKENHI Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) This article presents results of a pulsed UV laser method for the simultaneous reduction of graphite oxide (GO) and patterning of reduced graphene oxide (rGO). This direct laser writing method was applied to the fabrication of graphene-based, in-plane interdigitated micro-supercapacitors (mu-SCs), prepared on free-standing GO paper (10 mu m thick). The electrochemical performance of mu-SCs was studied using two different electrolytes (KOH and NaCl). The results from cyclic voltammetry measurements exhibited typical electrical double layer behavior, with specific capacitances of 9.3 mu F/cm(2) and 13.8 mu F/cm(2) (at a scan rate of 10 mV/s) for KOH and NaCl electrolytes, respectively. The mu-SCs exhibited good performance, with retention of 95% of the original capacitance values after 3400 charge-discharge cycles. When compared to devices obtained by conventional lithographic techniques, the laser fabrication of planar mu-SCs is faster, cost-effective and scalable. We believe this one-step and environmentally friendly laser-assisted method to be a good alternative for the fabrication of flexible energy storage devices. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Toyohashi Univ Technol, Dept Elect & Elect Informat Engn, 1-1 Hibarigaoka,Tempaku Cho, Toyohashi, Aichi 4418580, Japan Ctr Informat Technol Renato Archer CTI, BR-13069901 Campinas, SP, Brazil Univ Campinas UNICAMP, Ctr Semicond Components & Nanotechnol CCS Nano, BR-13083870 Campinas, SP, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Dept Phys, Fac Sci & Technol, BR-19060900 Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil CUHP, Sch Phys & Mat Sci, Dharamshala 176215, HP, India Univ Campinas UNICAMP, Inst Chem, Dept Analyt Chem, POB 6154, BR-13084974 Campinas, SP, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Dept Phys, Fac Sci & Technol, BR-19060900 Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan: P18063 JSPS KAKENHI: 18H03841 JSPS KAKENHI: 18F18063 FAPESP: 2017/22186-0 FAPESP: 2013/14262-7
- Published
- 2019
165. Electrochemiluminescence integrated with paper chromatography for separation and detection of environmental hormones
- Author
-
Xiao-Lei Huo, Ning Bao, Chen Yu, and Chuan-Guo Shi
- Subjects
Analyte ,Photoluminescence ,Materials science ,02 engineering and technology ,Carbon nanotube ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,law ,Materials Chemistry ,Electrochemiluminescence ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Instrumentation ,Quenching (fluorescence) ,Filter paper ,business.industry ,Metals and Alloys ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,0104 chemical sciences ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Quantum dot ,Electrode ,Optoelectronics ,0210 nano-technology ,business - Abstract
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is a powerful technique with the advantages of high sensitivity and a wide dynamic range. However, most of previous strategies based on ECL could only detect one analyte so that it is inevitable to investigate the selectivity and influences of interferences. Herein ECL integrated with paper chromatography was showed to be a potential platform for separation and detection of two environmental hormones (bisphenol A, BPA, and dibutyl phthalate, DBP). In our approach, carbon conductive tape was attached to an ITO glass and then modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and CdSe quantum dot (CdSe QDs) to fabricate the working electrodes for ECL detection. The synthesis of CdSe QDs was optimized based on their photoluminescence spectra and the ECL intensities. The modified electrode was then coupled in the paper-based analytical devices consisting of the filter paper modified with chitosan. Based on their quenching effect on the ECL emission of CdSe QDs, excellent linear relationships could be obtained between decreased ECL intensities and both the concentrations of DBP and BPA. Besides, DBP and BPA could be separated based on their retention time by tilting the filter paper for 30° and then detected with ECL. This study suggested that paper-based analytical devices could be potentially applied for separation and detection of multiple targets due to their ease of fabrication and convenient operation.
- Published
- 2021
166. Handheld and ‘Turnkey’ 3D printed paper-microfluidic viscometer with on-board microcontroller for smartphone based biosensing applications
- Author
-
S B Puneeth and Sanket Goel
- Subjects
Paper ,Microfluidics ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Microstrip ,Analytical Chemistry ,law.invention ,Bluetooth ,law ,Lab-On-A-Chip Devices ,Humans ,Environmental Chemistry ,Spectroscopy ,Microchannel ,Chemistry ,business.industry ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Viscometer ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,Microcontroller ,Viscosity (programming) ,Printing, Three-Dimensional ,Smartphone ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Biosensor ,Computer hardware - Abstract
Herein, Microfluidic Paper-based Analytical Devices (μPAD) strips, also called microstrips, have been fabricated using a fused-deposition modeling (FDM) based 3D printer. A polycaprolactone (PCL) filament on a chromatography paper was harnessed to create hydrophobic boundaries of a microchannel. A pair of screen-printed electrodes, with known separation, were integrated on the microchannel to measure the time taken for fluid automatically. A mini electronic sub-system, amenable to connect with an android smartphone, consists of an easily programmable microcontroller, Bluetooth module and voltage booster circuit. The pluggable-and-playable disposable microstrip was utilized to measure the viscosity of various biological samples with an accuracy of92% with respect to a benchtop viscometer. In particular, the protein denaturation of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) and Lysozyme, and viscosity variation of human saliva have been observed. With a competency to measure the viscosity between 0.5 cP to 10 cP, platform cost ofUS$ 8 and a cost-per-test of less than US$ 0.02, the present device has a strong potential to be employed as a personalized gadget for various viscosity dependent measurements.
- Published
- 2021
167. Ambient ion focusing for paper spray ionisation
- Author
-
Barry L. Smith, Cedric Boisdon, Yufeng Zhou, Tung-Ting Sham, Simon Maher, Stephen J McWilliam, B Bastani, David Romero-Perez, and Abraham K. Badu-Tawiah
- Subjects
business.industry ,Chemistry ,Substrate (electronics) ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Mass spectrometry ,Taylor cone ,Ion ,law.invention ,Lens (optics) ,law ,Ionization ,Electric field ,Electric potential ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Process engineering ,business ,Instrumentation ,Spectroscopy - Abstract
Paper Spray (PS) is an ambient ionisation technique that is conceptually simple, economical, direct and versatile. In its simplest form, the procedure for operation relies on the application of an electric potential to a triangular-shaped paper substrate with the addition of an extraction/spray solvent to generate charge droplets, without requiring any pneumatic assistance. Despite its promise and rapidly growing popularity, there are some practical challenges associated with PS implementation with scope to enhance its performance further. One such challenge relates to only a small fraction of the Taylor cone expansion being sampled at the MS inlet. In this work we propose a new arrangement for PS, which retains the inherent advantages of this popular technique without introducing additional variables, by using an ambient ion focusing lens that is held at the same potential as the paper substrate. A thorough investigation, consisting of visual spray inspection, electric field simulations and analytical evaluation, including analysis of paracetamol from saliva, shows that ambient ion focusing can provide up to a 50% improvement in spray stability, 60% increase in signal intensity and a 30% improvement in detection limits for routine paper spray mass spectrometry analysis.
- Published
- 2022
168. Mixed-mode versus paper surveys for patient-reported outcomes after critical illness: a randomised controlled trial
- Author
-
Hao Z. Wong, Maarten Brusseleers, Samuel Gluck, Matthew J Maiden, Lee-anne S. Chapple, Kelly A. Hall, Marianne J. Chapman, Carol L. Hodgson, Wong, Hao Z, Brusseleers, Maarten, Hall, Kelly A, Maiden, Matthew J, Chapple, Lee-anne S, Chapman, Marianne J, Hodgson, Carol L, and Gluck, Samuel
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Critical Illness ,Psychological intervention ,Emergency Nursing ,Critical Care Nursing ,Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale ,Electronic mail ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,Quality of life ,law ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,medicine ,Humans ,Patient Reported Outcome Measures ,Prospective Studies ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,patient-reported outcome measures ,business.industry ,030208 emergency & critical care medicine ,Intensive care unit ,mental disorders ,critical care ,quality of life ,surveys and questionnaires ,Quality of Life ,Physical therapy ,Anxiety ,medicine.symptom ,business ,electronic mail - Abstract
Objective The aim of the study was to determine the response rate to a mixed-mode survey using email compared with that to a paper survey in survivors of critical illness. Design This is a prospective randomised controlled trial. Setting The study was conducted at a single-centre quaternary intensive care unit (ICU) in Adelaide, Australia. Participants Study participants were patients admitted to the ICU for ≥48 h and discharged from the hospital. Interventions The participants were randomised to receive a survey by paper (via mail) or via online (via email, or if a non-email user, via a letter with a website address). Patients who did not respond to the initial survey received a reminder paper survey after 14 days. The survey included quality of life (EuroQol-5D-5L), anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), and post-traumatic symptom (Impact of Event Scale-Revised) assessment. Main outcome measures Survey response rate, extent of survey completion, clinical outcomes at different time points after discharge, and survey cost analysis were the main outcome measures. Outcomes were stratified based on follow-up time after ICU discharge (3, 6, and 12 months). Results A total of 239 patients were randomised. The response rate was similar between the groups (mixed-mode: 78% [92/118 patients] vs. paper: 80% [97/121 patients], p = 0.751) and did not differ between time points of follow-up. Incomplete surveys were more prevalent in the paper group (10% vs 18%). The median EuroQol-5D-5L index value was 0.83 [0.71–0.92]. Depressive symptoms were reported by 25% of patients (46/187), anxiety symptoms were reported by 27% (50/187), and probable post-traumatic stress disorder was reported by 14% (25/184). Patient outcomes did not differ between the groups or time points of follow-up. The cost per reply was AU$ 16.60 (mixed-mode) vs AU$ 19.78 (paper). Conclusion The response rate of a mixed-mode survey is similar to that of a paper survey and may provide modest cost savings.
- Published
- 2022
169. Laser pyrolysis in papers and patents
- Author
-
Davide Russo, Riccardo Degl'Innocenti, and Christian Spreafico
- Subjects
Laser pyrolysis ,Computer science ,Context (language use) ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,law.invention ,Bibliometric analysis ,Artificial Intelligence ,law ,Settore ING-IND/15 - Disegno e Metodi dell'Ingegneria Industriale ,Process engineering ,Patents ,Co2 laser ,business.industry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Laser ,Pyrolysis ,0104 chemical sciences ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Software ,Waste disposal - Abstract
This paper presents a critical review of laser pyrolysis. Although this technology is almost 60 years old, in literature many researchers, both from academia and industry, are still developing and improving it. On the contrary industrial applications are struggling to take off, if not in very restricted areas, although the technology has undoubted advantages that justify future development. The aim of this work consists in analysing a representative pool of scientific papers (230) and patents (121), from the last 20 years, to have an overview about the evolution of the method and try to understand the efforts spent to improve this technology effectively in academia and in industry. This study is important to provide a complete review about the argument, still missing in the literature. The objective is to provide an overview sufficiently broad and representative in the sources and to capture all the main ways in which laser pyrolysis has been used and with what distribution. The main focuses of the study are the analyses of the functions carried out by laser technologies, the application fields, and the types of used laser (i.e. models, power and fluence). Among the main results, the study showed that the main use of laser pyrolysis is to produce nanoparticles and coatings, the main materials worked by laser pyrolysis are silicon and carbon dioxide and the main searched properties in the products of laser pyrolysis are catalysts activity and electrical conductivity. CO2 lasers are the most used and the have high versatility compared to others. In conclusion, the study showed that laser pyrolysis is a consolidated technology within its main application fields (nanoparticles and coatings) for several years. Within this context, the technology has been developed on very different sizes and processes, obtaining a very wide range of results. Finally, these results may also have stimulated new areas of experimentation that emerged mainly in recent years and which concern biomedical applications, additive manufacturing, and waste disposal. Graphical abstract
- Published
- 2022
170. Effect of Oil Regeneration on Improving Paper Conditions in a Distribution Transformer
- Author
-
Ramamoorthi Venkatasubramanian, Qiang Liu, S. Y. Matharage, and Zhongdong Wang
- Subjects
Control and Optimization ,reclamation ,020209 energy ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,02 engineering and technology ,Distribution transformer ,oil ,01 natural sciences ,Two stages ,lcsh:Technology ,law.invention ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Transformer ,Engineering (miscellaneous) ,010302 applied physics ,Moisture ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,lcsh:T ,paper ,Pulp and paper industry ,ageing ,regeneration ,asset management ,transformer ,Environmental science ,Electricity ,business ,Energy (miscellaneous) - Abstract
Managing a large fleet of ageing assets has become a technical challenge faced by many electricity utilities in developed countries. Asset managers are increasingly interested in techniques that can help extend the useful lifetime of a transformer. Oil regeneration is one of such techniques. In this paper, oil regeneration experiments were performed on a 6.4/0.4 kV retired distribution transformer to investigate the effect of oil regeneration on improving paper conditions. Oil regeneration was conducted in two stages, with the first stage aimed at ‘cleaning the oil’ and the second stage targeted at ‘cleaning the paper’. Oil samples were collected at regular intervals throughout the process and paper samples were obtained from the transformer before and after each oil regeneration stage. It was found that oil regeneration restores oil parameters, including moisture and acidity, similar to those of new oils at the end of stage 1. Analysis of paper samples indicated a reduction in paper moisture at the end of stage 2 by nearly 40%, while low molecular weight acids (LMA) in paper exhibited a reduction by around 30% on average. It is found that the extended oil regeneration period, i.e., stage 2, is necessary to improve the paper condition and hence to reduce the paper ageing rate.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
171. Laser-Tunable Printed ZnO Nanoparticles for Paper-Based UV Sensors with Reduced Humidity Interference
- Author
-
M. Radović, Borislav Vasić, and Georges Dubourg
- Subjects
humidity resistance ,Materials science ,ZnO nanoparticles ,General Chemical Engineering ,UV sensors ,02 engineering and technology ,Substrate (printing) ,010402 general chemistry ,medicine.disease_cause ,paper-based device ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,law.invention ,lcsh:Chemistry ,Interference (communication) ,law ,medicine ,General Materials Science ,business.industry ,Humidity ,Paper based ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Laser ,0104 chemical sciences ,lcsh:QD1-999 ,Zno nanoparticles ,Optoelectronics ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Water vapor ,Ultraviolet - Abstract
Development of paper-based sensors that do not suffer with humidity interference is desirable for practical environmental applications. In this work, a laser processing method was reported to effectively modulate the cross-sensitivity to humidity of ZnO-based UV (Ultraviolet) sensors printed on paper substrate. The results reveal that the laser induced zinc oxide (ZnO) surface morphology contributes to the super-hydrophobicity of the printed ZnO nanoparticles, reducing humidity interference while enhancing UV sensitivity. Herein, this conducted research highlights for the first time that laser processing is an attractive choice that reduces the cross-sensitivity to water vapor in the UV sensing response of ZnO-based devices printed on paper, paving the way to low-cost and sophisticated paper-based sensors.
- Published
- 2021
172. Low cost smart phone diagnostics for food using paper-based colorimetric sensor arrays
- Author
-
Guoqing Fu, Sameer Sonkusale, Shideh Kabiri Ameri, Weitong Ruan, Yu Chen, Yu Shrike Zhang, Yael Zilberman, and Eric L. Miller
- Subjects
Smart phone ,business.industry ,Computer science ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Food spoilage ,Colorimetric sensor array ,02 engineering and technology ,Paper based ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Barcode ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,law.invention ,Food waste ,Colorimetric sensor ,law ,Embedded system ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Computer hardware ,Food Science ,Biotechnology - Abstract
There is a need for an accurate end-of-life indicator for packaged food (meat, seafood, dairy food etc.) beyond a simple “best use by” date on the food package. In this work, we propose a low cost solution by repurposing the food’s barcode as a colorimetric sensor array to monitor food condition. A smart phone camera is used to read color information from the sensor barcode for quantitative estimate of the food aging and quality. The sensor is based on cross-reactive vapor sensitive dyes encapsulated in resin microbeads, which are impregnated onto a low cost paper substrate in a barcode pattern. The entire sensor platform is validated by accurately monitoring chicken aging and eventual spoilage under different temperature conditions. The proposed food diagnostics platform has the potential to reduce food waste and eliminate food-borne illness.
- Published
- 2017
173. Gut microbiota in early life and its influence on health and disease: A position paper by the Malaysian Working Group on Gastrointestinal Health
- Author
-
Intan Hakimah Ismail, Noorizan Abdul Majid, Way Seah Lee, Yeong Yeh Lee, Syafinaz Amin Nordin, Sze Yee Chong, Siti Asma' Hassan, and Raja Affendi Raja Ali
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Allergy ,medicine.medical_specialty ,biology ,business.industry ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,030106 microbiology ,Disease ,Gut flora ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,digestive system ,Inflammatory bowel disease ,Obesity ,Infantile colic ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,Probiotic ,030104 developmental biology ,law ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Medicine ,Position paper ,business ,Intensive care medicine - Abstract
The role of gut microbiota in early life and its impact on gut health and subsequent diseases remain unclear. There is a lack of research and awareness in this area, especially in the Asia-Pacific region, including Malaysia. This paper reports the position of a Malaysian Working Group on some key issues surrounding gut microbiota in early life and its role in gut health and diseases, as well as experts' stand on probiotics and prebiotics. The group reached a consensus that certain factors, including elective caesarean; premature deliveries; complementary feeding; use of antibiotics, prebiotics and/or probiotics; and exposure to the external environmental, have an impact on gut microbiota in early life. However, as evidence is lacking, especially from the Asia-Pacific region, further studies are needed to understand how gut microbiota in early life affects subsequent diseases, including allergy, inflammatory bowel disease, obesity and infantile colic. Lastly, although beneficial in acute diarrhoeal disease and probably allergic eczema, probiotics (and/or prebiotics) should be used cautiously in other gut dysbiotic conditions until more data are available.
- Published
- 2017
174. Harmful Chemical Residue and Printability of Different Textbook Papers
- Author
-
Young-Baeck Ha, Jung-Yong Ryu, Hyoung-Jin Kim, and Chang-Keun Kim
- Subjects
Engineering ,Waste management ,business.industry ,Pulp (paper) ,Heavy metals ,Waste paper ,General Chemistry ,engineering.material ,Deinking ,law.invention ,Human health ,law ,Hazardous waste ,Media Technology ,General Materials Science ,business ,Chemical residue ,Whitening Agents - Abstract
Paper mills are currently pressed to reduce costs because of lack of resources and rising oil prices. Accordingly, paper mills are increasing the quantity of low-priced pulp using a ratio with relatively low whiteness by decreasing the use of high-priced, high-quality pulp. To solve the problem of deteriorated whiteness, paper mills regularly use a fluorescent whitening agent. In addition, with the increase of resource recycling and environmental problems, interest is growing in the use of recycled paper, which partially or completely contains recycled pulp. In this study, we investigated the content of hazardous heavy metals in recycled paper and paper stock produced in domestic paper mills and determined if other residues that are harmful to human health are present. Currently, no regulated minimum value is given for fluorescent whitening agents in Korea nor does sufficient research on the toxicity of these agents exist. Determining the amount of ink residue contained in recycled paper as well as the extent of harmful chemical residue resulting from the deinking and bleaching processes is necessary. This research also determined whether other chemicals added when producing recycled paper remained and subsequently analyzed the organic volatile compounds in the recycled paper and the existing produced paper to evaluate risk. We examined the influence of using waste paper on printing properties by performing comparative research on printing quality, e.g., printing color reproducibility of an existing textbook paper and recycled paper containing 30% old paper, trapping, contrast, halftone dot reproducibility, gloss, and rear shining. Test results concluded that fluorescent material, hazardous heavy metals, and the quantity of detected volatile organic material were not present at levels harmful to human health.
- Published
- 2016
175. Aging assessment of kraft paper insulation through methanol in oil measurement
- Author
-
S. Y. Matharage, Qiang Liu, and Zhongdong Wang
- Subjects
Engineering ,Transformer oil ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,Ultimate tensile strength ,Oil oxidation ,medicine ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Transformer ,Mineral oil ,010302 applied physics ,Waste management ,business.industry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Pulp and paper industry ,chemistry ,Methanol ,In degree ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Kraft paper ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Aging of transformer paper insulation is commonly investigated through indirect measurements conducted in the oil, e.g. furanic compounds. In addition to the conventional indicators, recent investigations showed that alcohols like methanol and ethanol in oil could be used as paper aging indicators. This paper focuses on the applicability of these new paper aging indicators in a novel, gas-to-liquid (GTL) technology based transformer oil through an accelerated laboratory aging experiment. The experiment was conducted at 120 °C for up to 280 days. A conventional mineral oil was also tested as a reference. Kraft paper aged in both oil types showed similar reductions in degree of polymerization (DP) and tensile strength (TS). Amount of methanol in oil is higher than that of 2-FAL in oil when DP is over 375, confirming the promise of using methanol as an early paper aging indicator. Both the new paper aging indicator, methanol and the conventional paper aging indicator, 2-FAL are applicable for the GTL oil without any modifications. In addition, oil only aging experiments showed that oil does produce methanol but it is negligible compared with oil paper aging experiment; however the amount of ethanol measured in the present oil paper aging experiment is believed to be originated from oil oxidation rather than from paper aging.
- Published
- 2016
176. 50.2: Invited Paper: Characterization of Co‐Fabricated Silicon TFT and MEMS Shutter Display
- Author
-
Patrick Schalberger, Clemens Jurgschat, Sheikh Abdullah Al Nusayer, Holger Baur, and Norbert Fruehauf
- Subjects
Microelectromechanical systems ,Materials science ,Silicon ,business.industry ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Active matrix ,law.invention ,Characterization (materials science) ,chemistry ,law ,Thin-film transistor ,Shutter ,Optoelectronics ,business - Published
- 2021
177. 55.1: Invited Paper: Photolithographic patterning of OLED and OPD for invisible sensor integration in mobile display
- Author
-
Pawel E. Malinowski, Albert J. J. M. van Breemen, Hylke B. Akkerman, Gema Molina Alvarez, Santhosh Shanmugam, Tung Huei Ke, Luis Moreno Hagelsieb, Paul Heremans, Erwin Vandenplas, and Epimitheas Georgitzikis
- Subjects
business.industry ,Computer science ,law ,OLED ,Optoelectronics ,Photolithography ,business ,law.invention - Published
- 2021
178. 36.1: Invited Paper: Comparison in the Performance of Passive and Active TFT Pixel Sensing Circuits Using PIN Photodiode as the Light Sensing Device
- Author
-
Sin You Wu, Ya Hsiang Tai, and Cheng Che Tu
- Subjects
Materials science ,Pixel ,law ,business.industry ,Thin-film transistor ,Optoelectronics ,Light sensing ,business ,Photodiode ,law.invention ,Electronic circuit - Published
- 2021
179. 56.1: Invited Paper: A Holographic Waveguide Display with Polarization Volume Gratings
- Author
-
Yuning Zhang, Yishi Weng, and Cui Jingyi
- Subjects
Optics ,Materials science ,Volume (thermodynamics) ,law ,Liquid crystal ,business.industry ,Holography ,Waveguide (acoustics) ,business ,Polarization (waves) ,law.invention - Published
- 2021
180. 18.2: Invited Paper: Single‐emitter 638nm laser diode with 4W continuous wave power
- Author
-
Yuzhen Qiu, Weimin Wang, Langxing Kuang, Yehua Xie, Wenbin Liu, James Ho, and Martin Hu
- Subjects
Materials science ,Laser diode ,law ,business.industry ,Continuous wave ,Optoelectronics ,business ,law.invention ,Power (physics) ,Common emitter - Published
- 2021
181. Microfluidic paper microbial fuel cell powered by Shewanella putrefaciens in IoT cloud framework
- Author
-
Arshad Javed, Sanket Goel, Sarala Kallepalli, Satish Kumar Dubey, Lanka Tata Rao, and Dipankar Nath
- Subjects
Microbial fuel cell ,Materials science ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,02 engineering and technology ,Shewanella putrefaciens ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,Exoelectrogen ,law ,Polarization (electrochemistry) ,biology ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,biology.organism_classification ,Cathode ,Potentiostat ,0104 chemical sciences ,Anode ,Fuel Technology ,Electrode ,Optoelectronics ,0210 nano-technology ,business - Abstract
The present work demonstrates a miniaturized, easily fabricated, environment-friendly, and cost-effective Microfluidic Paper-based Microbial Fuel Cell (MPMFC) as a potential Energy Harvesting Device. The device consists of a microchannel with a reductant (Shewanella putrefaciens exoelectrogen bacterium with L.B Broth) and oxidant (aerated tap water) flowing over Carbon electrode (anode) and Silver electrode (cathode) using co-laminar flow with the self-capillary phenomenon. The electrochemical analysis like Polarization, Open Circuit Voltage (OCV) was evaluated using a potentiostat, and conductivity and sheet resistance were evaluated using a four-point probe instrument. Various bacterial studies, like growth curve study (Optical Density), volumetric concentrations, and incubation time, were carried out to find out the best suitable optimal bacterial conditions. Lastly, detailed element composition study and morphology of the surface of the electrode with biofouling was carried out using Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) techniques, respectively. The portable MPMFC yields a maximum power density of 15.4 μW/cm2 (1340 nA/cm2) at 390 mV over 90 μL of culture. Also, An Internet of Things (IoT)/cloud-based hardware has been developed and integrated with MPMFC platform to observe the real-time device performance leading to its long-lasting potential to operate miniaturized microelectronics sensors and portable devices.
- Published
- 2021
182. Flexible, low-cost and scalable, nanostructured conductive paper-based, efficient hygroelectric generator
- Author
-
Diana Lermen, Kelly S. Moreira, Leandra P. Santos, Thiago A. L. Burgo, and Fernando Galembeck
- Subjects
Materials science ,Fabrication ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,Pollution ,law.invention ,Generator (circuit theory) ,Capacitor ,Nuclear Energy and Engineering ,law ,Environmental Chemistry ,Optoelectronics ,Resistor ,Electric current ,business ,Electrical conductor ,Energy harvesting ,Voltage - Abstract
Electric energy harvesting mediated by atmospheric humidity was first demonstrated in 2010, followed by the description of different approaches by many authors. Moisture-based energy-harvesting devices usually contain metals and/or are fabricated using nanomaterials and lithographic processes. Here we present a flexible energy harvesting device that is an asymmetric capacitor, formed by two electrodes made out of Kraft paper coated with exfoliated and reassembled graphite (ERG). The electrodes are doped with different chemicals and finished using standard papermaking processes. The voltage output of a single ERG-based hygroelectric generator (ERG-HEG) cell is as high as 0.5 V and it can deliver 250 nA of electric current through a 2 MΩ resistor, for days. The voltage and current outputs can be scaled up by connecting ERG-HEGs in series or parallel. Energy harvesting is also achieved by short (5 seconds) cyclic capacitor charge/discharge extending for more than two weeks. Examinaton of the electrodes during their operation, using Kelvin probe and microscopy analysis, showed that negative charge carriers are the main actors in the ERG-HEG devices. The low material cost, the simple fabrication processes and the energy output invite further development and scaling-up of this “green” alternative for producing electricity.
- Published
- 2021
183. A high-stability weighing paper/polytetrafluoroethylene-based triboelectric nanogenerator for self-powered In2O3 nanocubes/SnS2 nanoflower NO2 gas sensors
- Author
-
Jianhua Zhang, Dongyue Wang, Zhenyuan Xu, Dongzhi Zhang, and Yan Yang
- Subjects
Polytetrafluoroethylene ,Materials science ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,Nanogenerator ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,Nanoflower ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Power (physics) ,law.invention ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,law ,Optoelectronics ,General Materials Science ,Electronics ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Triboelectric effect ,Voltage ,Light-emitting diode - Abstract
The application of low-powered, sustainable sensors to detect the leak of toxic gases in factories has gradually become a future trend. In our work, we proposed a NO2 gas sensor based on an In2O3/SnS2 composite powered by a high-stability triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), where weighing paper and a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) film were used as friction materials. The peak-to-peak voltage of the TENG can reach stable 600 V and the output power can up to 13 mW, which exhibits superior performance. The TENG can power small portable electronic devices such as 50 LEDs and calculators. The TENG is directly connected in series with a chemoresistive gas sensor to form a TENG-driven nitrogen dioxide sensor (TENS) for the spontaneous detection of the concentration of NO2. The sensor exhibits a high response (∼15) and rapid response/recovery time (45 s/147 s) towards 50 ppm NO2 at 43% RH and room temperature of 25 °C. Finally, a self-powered alarm system based on the TENS has been developed to monitor the concentration of NO2 in the surrounding environment. This work not only broadens the application field of the TENG as a self-powered gas sensor, but also meets the requirements of industrial IoT technology for miniaturized, low-powered, and maintainable sensors.
- Published
- 2021
184. Intergroupe francophone de cancérologie thoracique, Société de pneumologie de langue française, and Société d’imagerie thoracique statement paper on lung cancer screening
- Author
-
Nicolas Girard, Arnaud Scherpereel, Valérie Gounant, Olivier Leleu, Bernard Milleron, Virginie Westeel, Gilbert Ferretti, Marie Wislez, Sébastien Couraud, Gérard Zalcman, François Laurent, Alexis B. Cortot, Marie-Pierre Revel, Antoine Khalil, and Elisabeth Quoix
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Radiological and Ultrasound Technology ,business.industry ,Multi detector computed tomography ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Family medicine ,medicine ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,National Lung Screening Trial ,National level ,business ,Lung cancer ,Lung cancer screening - Abstract
Following the American National Lung Screening Trial results in 2011 a consortium of French experts met to edit a statement. Recent results of other randomized trials gave the opportunity for our group to meet again in order to edit updated guidelines. After literature review, we provide here a new update on lung cancer screening in France. Notably, in accordance with all international guidelines, the experts renew their recommendation in favor of individual screening for lung cancer in France as per the conditions laid out in this document. In addition, the experts recommend the very rapid organization and funding of prospective studies, which, if conclusive, will enable the deployment of lung cancer screening organized at the national level.
- Published
- 2021
185. Community Transmission of COVID-19 in Sri Lanka: The Debate and its Implications on Action Orientation - A Position Paper from the College of Community Physicians of Sri Lanka
- Author
-
Sameera Senanayake, Iresha Jayawickrama, P. B. Buddhika Mahesh, Chithramali Hasanthika Rodrigo, and Ruwan Ferdinando
- Subjects
Transmission (mechanics) ,Action (philosophy) ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,business.industry ,law ,Orientation (mental) ,Political science ,Position paper ,Public relations ,Sri lanka ,business ,law.invention - Published
- 2021
186. 38-1: Invited Paper : Recent Progress in Video Electronic Paper Displays based on Electro-fluidic Technology
- Author
-
Alexander Victor Henzen, Guofu G.F. Zhou, Biao Tang, and Deng Yong
- Subjects
Materials science ,business.industry ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Electrical engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,law.invention ,law ,Fluidics ,Electronic paper ,0210 nano-technology ,business - Published
- 2017
187. Assessing the influence of refining, bleaching and TEMPO-mediated oxidation on the production of more sustainable cellulose nanofibers and their application as paper additives
- Author
-
Ana Balea, Angeles Blanco, Elena Fuente, Noemi Merayo, and Carlos Negro
- Subjects
Materials science ,Polyacrylamide ,02 engineering and technology ,engineering.material ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,Chitosan ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Magazine ,law ,Ultimate tensile strength ,Cellulose ,business.industry ,Papermaking ,Pulp (paper) ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Pulp and paper industry ,0104 chemical sciences ,Biotechnology ,chemistry ,Nanofiber ,engineering ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
Agro-wastes valorization focusses on production of high value-added products, such as cellulose nanofibers (CNF), and contributes to reduce the environmental impact of these residues. CNF have been used successfully as papermaking additives and some previsions maintain that this sector will become the most important, demanding CNF at a reasonable cost. Furthermore, the optimization of the production process of CNF from agricultural residues would contribute to the goals of a circular economy, the development of rural areas and the costs reduction by producing CNF of the minimum quality fit-for-use in recycled paper. In this study, CNF was produced from two agricultural residues; corn (C-CNF) and rape (R-CNF) stalk pulps, pretreated with bleaching, refining and TEMPO-mediated oxidation. Coagulant and cationic polyacrylamide (dual system) and chitosan were the retention systems. Results show the difficulty of predicting the effect of CNF based on their properties, as fibrillation degree or anionic charge, on the improvement of mechanical properties of recycled paper. That is proved by the low differences in tensile index (TI) improvement (∼15% by adding 0.5% C-CNF combined with dual system), obtained with CNF with very different properties. The expensive TEMPO pretreatment could be avoid by applying bleaching pretreatment to the corn pulp, increasing the TI up to 15% without affecting drainage and decoupling the simultaneous deterioration of drainage with TI improvement (drainage time decreased nearly 50% and 20% adding bleached R-CNF and C-CNF, respectively, combined with chitosan). Similar improvements on TI can be achieved by replacing the dual retention system by chitosan without addition of CNF, but the combination of CNF and chitosan allows achieving the highest TI values.
- Published
- 2017
188. Feedback-guided exercises performed on a tablet touchscreen improve return to work, function, strength and healthcare usage more than an exercise program prescribed on paper for people with wrist, hand or finger injuries: a randomised trial
- Author
-
Berta-Pilar Corrales-Serra, Noemi Díaz-Matas, Alejandro Suero-Pineda, Pablo Rodríguez-Sánchez-Laulhé, Jesús Blanquero, María-Dolores Cortés-Vega, Elena Gómez-Patricio, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Fisioterapia, and Universidad de Sevilla. CTS954: Innovaciones en Salud y Calidad de Vida
- Subjects
Occupational therapy ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Blinding ,Return to work ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Exercise therapy ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Pinch Strength ,Wrist ,Feedback ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,Mobile applications ,Return to Work ,0302 clinical medicine ,Touchscreen ,law ,Telerehabilitation ,Finger Injuries ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Functional ability ,Rehabilitation ,business.industry ,lcsh:RM1-950 ,Exercise Therapy ,lcsh:Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Physical therapy ,Occupational medicine ,business ,Delivery of Health Care ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Question In people with bone and soft tissue injuries of the wrist, hand and/or fingers, do feedback-guided exercises performed on a tablet touchscreen hasten return to work, reduce healthcare usage and improve clinical recovery more than a home exercise program prescribed on paper? Design Randomised, parallel-group trial with concealed allocation, assessor blinding and intention-to-treat analysis. Participants Seventy-four workers with limited functional ability due to bone and soft tissue injuries of the wrist, hand and/or fingers. Intervention Participants in the experimental and control groups received the same in-patient physiotherapy and occupational therapy. Participants in the experimental group received a home exercise program using the ReHand tablet application, which guides exercises performed on a tablet touchscreen with feedback, monitoring and progression. Participants in the control group were prescribed an evidence-based home exercise program on paper. Outcome measures The primary outcome was the time taken to return to work. Secondary outcomes included: healthcare usage (number of clinical appointments); and functional ability, pain intensity, and grip and pinch strength 2 and 4 weeks after randomisation. Results Compared with the control group, the experimental group: returned to work sooner (MD –18 days, 95% CI –33 to –3); required fewer physiotherapy sessions (MD –7.4, 95% CI –13.1 to –1.6), rehabilitation consultations (MD –1.9, 95% CI –3.6 to 0.3) and plastic surgery consultations (MD –3.6, 95% CI –6.3 to –0.9); and had better short-term recovery of functional ability and pinch strength. Conclusion In people with bone and soft-tissue injuries of the wrist, hand and/or fingers, prescribing a feedback-guided home exercise program using a tablet-based application instead of a conventional program on paper hastened return to work and improved the short-term recovery of functional ability and pinch strength, while reducing the number of required healthcare appointments. Trial registration ACTRN12619000344190
- Published
- 2020
189. Disposable Paper-on-CMOS Platform for Real-Time Simultaneous Detection of Metabolites
- Author
-
V. F. Annese, Michael P. Barrett, James Grant, Mohammed A. Al-Rawhani, David R. S. Cumming, Chunxiao Hu, Boon Chong Cheah, and Srinivas Velugotla
- Subjects
business.industry ,Computer science ,Microfluidics ,Biomedical Engineering ,Biosensing Techniques ,Equipment Design ,Photodiode ,law.invention ,Glucose ,Transducer ,Semiconductors ,CMOS ,law ,Microfluidic channel ,Humans ,business ,Biosensor ,Computer hardware - Abstract
Objective: Early stage diagnosis of sepsis without overburdening health services is essential to improving patient outcomes. Methods: A fast and simple-to-use platform that combines an integrated circuit with paper microfluidics for simultaneous detection of multiple-metabolites appropriate for diagnostics was presented. Paper based sensors are a primary candidate for widespread deployment of diagnostic or test devices. However, the majority of devices today use a simple paper strip to detect a single marker using the reflectance of light. However, for many diseases such as sepsis, one biomarker is not sufficient to make a unique diagnosis. In this work multiple measurements are made on patterned paper simultaneously. Using laser ablation to fabricate microfluidic channels on paper provides a flexible and direct approach for mass manufacture of disposable paper strips. A reusable photodiode array on a complementary metal oxide semiconductor chip is used as the transducer. Results: The system measures changes in optical absorbance in the paper to achieve a cost-effective and easily implemented system that is capable of multiple simultaneous assays. Potential sepsis metabolite biomarkers glucose and lactate have been studied and quantified with the platform, achieving sensitivity within the physiological range in human serum. Conclusion: We have detailed a disposable paper-based CMOS photodiode sensor platform for real-time simultaneous detection of metabolites for diseases such as sepsis. Significance: A combination of a low-cost paper strip with microfluidic channels and a sensitive CMOS photodiode sensor array makes our platform a robust portable and inexpensive biosensing device for multiple diagnostic tests in many different applications.
- Published
- 2020
190. Ageing condition assessment of oil-paper insulation using near infrared spectroscopy detection and analytical technique
- Author
-
Feng Tang, Bin Yuan, Wen-Bo Zhang, Zhang Yin, Yuan Li, and Guan-Jun Zhang
- Subjects
Computer science ,data analysis ,01 natural sciences ,regression analysis ,law.invention ,Intrusion ,condition assessment ,data analytic algorithms ,law ,Partial least squares regression ,ageing condition ,fast response ,analytical technique ,spectral data quality ,Transformer ,infrared spectroscopy ,010302 applied physics ,chemical tests ,General Engineering ,high-voltage power transformer ,effectively spectral information ,oil-paper insulation ,competitive adaptive reweighted sampling ,quantitative analysis model ,main insulation type ,infrared spectra ,power transformer insulation ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,least squares approximations ,evaluation precision ,010309 optics ,0103 physical sciences ,Spectral data ,physical tests ,transformer oil ,business.industry ,infrared spectroscopy detection ,paper ,Near-infrared spectroscopy ,Analytical technique ,Pattern recognition ,Condition assessment ,power transformers ,ageing ,lcsh:TA1-2040 ,NIRS analysis ,industrial applications ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,Software - Abstract
Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS), as one of analysis technologies, has shown promisingly industrial applications for significant properties for recent decades such as fast response, preciseness, non-intrusion etc. Here, the authors employed NIRS coupled with a series of physical and chemical tests to assess the ageing condition of oil-paper insulation, which is responsible for the main insulation type of high-voltage power transformer. Among these procedures, the data analytic algorithms are of utmost importance to determine the evaluation precision. After plenty of trial-and-error, Savitzky-Golay (S-G) convolution was finally utilised to de-noise samples and improve the spectral data quality. The competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) was used to select the optimal wavelength combination of NIRS, which is found able to fully extract the effectively spectral information and reduce dimensions of spectral data. Based on the above-mentioned techniques, the quantitative analysis model of NIRS was established by partial least squares (PLS), which could synthetically process the spectral data and the degree of polymerisation (DP) of paper samples. The results indicated that compared with the traditional detection methods, the NIRS analysis is a powerful and informative tool to characterise the condition of oil-paper insulation without intrusion or damage to transformers.
- Published
- 2019
191. Reporting transparency and completeness in trials: Paper 3 - Trials conducted using administrative databases do not adequately report elements related to use of databases
- Author
-
David Moher, Ole Fröbert, Lars G. Hemkens, Merrick Zwarenstein, Mahrukh Imran, Stephen J. McCall, Chris Gale, Brett D. Thombs, Margaret Sampson, Clare Relton, Kimberly A. Mc Cord, Linda Kwakkenbos, Edmund Juszczak, Sinead Langan, and Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Subjects
Research Report ,Canada ,CONSORT ,Databases, Factual ,Epidemiology ,MEDLINE ,Administrative data ,computer.software_genre ,law.invention ,Healthcare improvement science Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 18] ,Experimental Psychopathology and Treatment ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Medicine ,Humans ,01 Mathematical Sciences ,11 Medical and Health Sciences ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,Not evaluated ,Database ,business.industry ,Reporting guideline ,CONSORT Extension for Trials Conducted Using Cohorts and Routinely Collected Data Group ,United Kingdom ,humanities ,Transparency (graphic) ,CONSORT-ROUTINE ,Randomized controlled trials ,business ,computer ,Routinely collected data - Abstract
Contains fulltext : 237435.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) Objective: We evaluated reporting completeness and transparency in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) conducted using administrative data based on 2021 CONSORT Extension for Trials Conducted Using Cohorts and Routinely Collected Data (CONSORT-ROUTINE) criteria. Study Design and Setting: MEDLINE and the Cochrane Methodology Register were searched (2011 and 2018). Eligible RCTs used administrative databases for identifying eligible participants or collecting outcomes. We evaluated reporting based on CONSORT-ROUTINE, which modified eight items from CONSORT 2010 and added five new items. Results: Of 33 included trials (76% used administrative databases for outcomes, 3% for identifying participants, 21% both), most were conducted in the United States (55%), Canada (18%), or the United Kingdom (12%). Of eight items modified in the extension; six were adequately reported in a majority (>50%) of trials. For the CONSORT-ROUTINE modification portion of those items, three items were reported adequately in >50% of trials, two in
- Published
- 2022
192. 54.3: Invited Paper: Ultra‐high Contrast LCD Displays: Enabling Pixel‐Level Dimming with Dual‐Cell OLCDs
- Author
-
Paul Cain
- Subjects
High contrast ,Materials science ,Liquid-crystal display ,Pixel ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Polarizer ,law.invention ,Dual (category theory) ,Optics ,law ,Contrast (vision) ,business ,media_common - Published
- 2021
193. Open-Source Wax RepRap 3-D Printer for Rapid Prototyping Paper-Based Microfluidics
- Author
-
Caryn L. Heldt, Joshua M. Pearce, Nicholas C. Anzalone, Michigan Tech Open Sustainability Laboratory, and Michigan Technological University (MTU)
- Subjects
Paper ,Rapid prototyping ,Engineering ,paper-based microfluidics ,Microfluidics ,02 engineering and technology ,Electrochemical detection ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics] ,Software ,law ,Arduino ,Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS ,[SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics ,Bill of materials ,wax ,3-D printing ,[INFO.INFO-DB]Computer Science [cs]/Databases [cs.DB] ,lab-on-a-chip ,business.industry ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Lab-on-a-chip ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,Computer Science Applications ,Medical Laboratory Technology ,Upgrade ,Embedded system ,Printing, Three-Dimensional ,electrochemical detection ,0210 nano-technology ,business - Abstract
The open-source release of self-replicating rapid prototypers (RepRaps) has created a rich opportunity for low-cost distributed digital fabrication of complex 3-D objects such as scientific equipment. For example, 3-D printable reactionware devices offer the opportunity to combine open hardware microfluidic handling with lab-on-a-chip reactionware to radically reduce costs and increase the number and complexity of microfluidic applications. To further drive down the cost while improving the performance of lab-on-a-chip paper-based microfluidic prototyping, this study reports on the development of a RepRap upgrade capable of converting a Prusa Mendel RepRap into a wax 3-D printer for paper-based microfluidic applications. An open-source hardware approach is used to demonstrate a 3-D printable upgrade for the 3-D printer, which combines a heated syringe pump with the RepRap/Arduino 3-D control. The bill of materials, designs, basic assembly, and use instructions are provided, along with a completely free and open-source software tool chain. The open-source hardware device described here accelerates the potential of the nascent field of electrochemical detection combined with paper-based microfluidics by dropping the marginal cost of prototyping to nearly zero while accelerating the turnover between paper-based microfluidic designs.
- Published
- 2016
194. Graphene-Enabled Optoelectronics on Paper
- Author
-
Coskun Kocabas, Emre O. Polat, Nurbek Kakenov, Hasan Burkay Uzlu, Evgeniya Kovalska, and Osman Balci
- Subjects
02 engineering and technology ,Optoelectronic devices ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,law ,Intercalation ,Surface roughness ,Visible spectra ,Condensed Matter - Materials Science ,Optical properties ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,3. Good health ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Printing ,Optoelectronics ,Paper substrate ,0210 nano-technology ,Optical contrast ,Realization (systems) ,Physics - Optics ,Biotechnology ,Visible spectrum ,Materials science ,Printing papers ,ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION ,FOS: Physical sciences ,010402 general chemistry ,Optical medium ,Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall) ,Graphene photonics ,Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS ,Electronic transition ,Optical multilayers ,Wafer ,Electro-optic ,Graphene devices ,Multilayer graphene ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics ,Inkwell ,Pixel ,business.industry ,Graphene ,Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci) ,Paper based devices ,0104 chemical sciences ,Three-dimensional shape ,Optical materials ,business ,Optics (physics.optics) - Abstract
The realization of optoelectronic devices on paper has been an outstanding challenge due to the large surface roughness and incompatible nature of paper with optical materials. Here, we demonstrate a new class of optoelectronic devices on a piece of printing paper using graphene as an electrically reconfigurable optical medium. Our approach relies on electro-modulation of optical properties of multilayer graphene on paper via blocking the interband electronic transitions. The paper based devices yield high optical contrast in the visible spectrum with fast response speed. Pattering graphene into multiple pixels, folding paper into 3-dimensional shapes or printing coloured ink on paper substrates enable us to demonstrate novel optoelectronic devices which cannot be realized with wafer-based techniques., Work has been published in ACS Photonics. For supplementary information please follow the link http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acsphotonics.6b00017
- Published
- 2016
195. A Survey Paper based on Bluetooth Data Transmission
- Author
-
D. M Bhalerao and Kanchan K. Masade
- Subjects
Bluetooth ,business.industry ,Computer science ,law ,Paper based ,Telecommunications ,business ,Computer network ,Data transmission ,law.invention - Published
- 2017
196. Studies on Deinking Properties of Recovered Paper for Manufacturing Eco-friendly Thermal Recording Paper
- Author
-
Jeong-Yong Ryu, Tai Ju Lee, Do Chim Choi, and Moon Sung Kim
- Subjects
Waste management ,business.industry ,Pulp (paper) ,General Chemistry ,engineering.material ,Raw material ,Pulp and paper industry ,Deinking ,Environmentally friendly ,law.invention ,law ,Thermal ,Ledger ,Media Technology ,engineering ,Inorganic pigments ,General Materials Science ,business - Abstract
Demands of thermal recording paper have been increased significantly by increase in us-age of invoice, fax, and label. Thermal recording paper was mainly made based on virgin fiber. It is necessary to find a suitable alternative to virgin fiber in terms of environment protectional resources conservation. In this paper, deinking properties of different recov-ered papers were analyzed in order to use the recovered paper as raw material of thermal recording paper. Recovered paper were ONP, OMG and white ledger. Flotation reject of OMG was high because inorganic pigments in coating layer could be removed by upstream of froth. Brightnessof white ledger and OMG were much higher than that of ONP. Therefore, properties of pulp made from the recovered paper could be enhanced with increase in blending ratio of white ledger and OMG. However, blending ratio of OMG caused the increase of flotation reject. Consequently, the optimum blending ratio of ONP, OMG, and white ledger was 3:3:3 for eco-friendly thermal recording paper. Under the condition, brightness was about 70% and ERIC was below 300 ppm. Keywords: Deinking, thermal recording paper, flotation, old newspaper, white ledger, old magazine
- Published
- 2015
197. Impact of Electronic Versus Paper Vital Sign Observations on Length of Stay in Trauma Patients:Stepped-Wedge, Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
- Author
-
Lionel Tarassenko, Jacqueline Birks, Peter J. Watkinson, Julia Knight, and David Wong
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Randomization ,Vital signs ,Health Informatics ,Disease cluster ,law.invention ,vital signs ,medical records system, computerized ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Primary outcome ,evaluation studies ,Health Information Management ,Randomized controlled trial ,length of stay ,law ,Medicine ,Stepped wedge ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Original Paper ,business.industry ,Hazard ratio ,030208 emergency & critical care medicine ,Early warning score ,trauma ,Emergency medicine ,business - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Electronic recording of vital sign observations (e-Obs) has become increasingly prevalent in hospital care. The evidence of clinical impact for these systems is mixed.OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to assess the effect of e-Obs versus paper documentation (paper) on length of stay (time between trauma unit admission and "fit to discharge") for trauma patients.METHODS: A single-center, randomized stepped-wedge study of e-Obs against paper was conducted in two 26-bed trauma wards at a medium-sized UK teaching hospital. Randomization of the phased intervention order to 12 study areas was computer generated. The primary outcome was length of stay.RESULTS: A total of 1232 patient episodes were randomized (paper: 628, e-Obs: 604). There were 37 deaths in hospital: 21 in the paper arm and 16 in the e-Obs arm. For discharged patients, the median length of stay was 5.4 (range: 0.2-79.0) days on the paper arm and 5.6 (range: 0.1-236.7) days on the e-Obs arm. Competing risks regression analysis for time to discharge showed no difference between the treatment arms (subhazard ratio: 1.05; 95% CI 0.82-1.35; P=.68). A greater proportion of patient episodes contained an Early Warning Score (EWS) ≥3 using the e-Obs system than using paper (subhazard ratio: 1.63; 95% CI 1.28-2.09; PCONCLUSIONS: The phased introduction of an e-Obs documentation system was not associated with a change in length of stay. A greater proportion of patient episodes contained an EWS≥3 using the e-Obs system, but this was not associated with a change in "escalation time."TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN91040762; http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN91040762 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/72prakGTU).
- Published
- 2018
198. Papertronics: Multigate paper transistor for multifunction applications
- Author
-
Diana Gaspar, Manuel J. Mendes, Jorge Martins, Elvira Fortunato, Pedro Barquinha, Pydi Ganga Bahubalindruni, Rodrigo Martins, Luís Pereira, CENIMAT-i3N - Centro de Investigação de Materiais (Lab. Associado I3N), DCM - Departamento de Ciência dos Materiais, and UNINOVA-Instituto de Desenvolvimento de Novas Tecnologias
- Subjects
Imagination ,Exploit ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Paper functionalization ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,Paper electronics ,Materials Science(all) ,law ,Low-power electronics ,0103 physical sciences ,Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS ,General Materials Science ,Electronics ,media_common ,Electronic circuit ,010302 applied physics ,business.industry ,Transistor ,Electrical engineering ,Papertronics ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Multifunction paper transistors ,Power (physics) ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Dual gate paper transistors ,Communication channel - Abstract
The use of disposable recyclable, eco-friendly, sustainable and low-cost devices with multiple functions is becoming a demand in the emerging area of the Internet of Things as a way to decrease the degree of complexity of the electronic circuits required to serve a plethora of applications. Moreover, for low-cost disposable applications, it is relevant the systems to be recyclable. The idea beyond the present study concerns to exploit our imagination with simple questions such as: What happens if it is possible to have a simple and universal device architecture, easy to implement on paper substrates, but capable to provide different multiple functionalities? It would be possible to have a common template for electronic systems on paper that would be then easily customized depending on the final application? The present study answers to these demands by reporting the physics and electronics behavior of a multigate paper transistor where paper is simultaneously the substrate and the dielectric, while a metal-oxide-semiconductor (IGZO) is used as the active channel. Moreover, the same device is able to present logic functionalities simply by varying the amplitude and frequency of the input gate signals. These transistors operate at drain voltages of 1 V with low power, exhibiting ION/IOFF > 104 and a mobility ≈2 cm2 V−1 s−1, serving the specifications for a broad range of smart disposable low power electronics. To sustain all this, an analytical compact model was developed able to precisely reproduce the response of paper-based dual-gate FETs and provide full understanding of their unique and innovative operational characteristics. publishersversion published
- Published
- 2018
199. Classification of Paper Values Based on Citation Rank and PageRank
- Author
-
Irena Vodenska, Lou Chitkushev, and Wataru Souma
- Subjects
Information retrieval ,business.industry ,Computer science ,05 social sciences ,Rank (computer programming) ,02 engineering and technology ,050905 science studies ,law.invention ,PageRank ,law ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,0509 other social sciences ,Project management ,Citation ,business - Abstract
Purpose The number of citations has been widely used to measure the significance of a paper. However, there is a need in introducing another index to determine superiority or inferiority of papers with the same number of citations. We determine superiority or inferiority of papers by using the ranking based on the number of citations and PageRank. Design/methodology/approach We show the positive linear correlation between Citation Rank (the ranking of the number of citation) and PageRank. On this basis, we identify high-quality, prestige, emerging, and popular papers. Findings We found that the high-quality papers belong to the subjects of biochemistry and molecular biology, chemistry, and multidisciplinary sciences. The prestige papers correspond to the subjects of computer science, engineering, and information science. The emerging papers are related to biochemistry and molecular biology, as well as those published in the journal “Cell.” The popular papers belong to the subject of multidisciplinary sciences. Research limitations We analyze the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) from 1981 to 2015 to calculate Citation Rank and PageRank within a citation network consisting of 34,666,719 papers and 591,321,826 citations. Practical implications Our method is applicable to forecast emerging fields of research subjects in science and helps policymakers to consider science policy. Originality/value We calculated PageRank for a giant citation network which is extremely larger than the citation networks investigated by previous researchers.
- Published
- 2020
200. Position Paper of the German Society for Interventional Radiology (DeGIR) on Prostatic Artery Embolization
- Author
-
Ulf Teichgräber, In Zusammenarbeit mit der DeGIR-Lenkungsgruppe Wissenschaft und dem DeGIR-Vorstand, Michael Moche, Frank Wacker, Bernhard C. Meyer, Christian R. Habermann, Marc-Oliver Grimm, Peter Reimer, Attila Kovács, Arno Bücker, Alexander Massmann, Andreas H. Mahnken, and Marcus Katoh
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,animal structures ,Prostatic Hyperplasia ,Context (language use) ,Radiology, Interventional ,law.invention ,Randomized controlled trial ,Lower urinary tract symptoms ,law ,medicine ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Societies, Medical ,Aged ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Patient Selection ,General surgery ,Gold standard ,Prostate ,Interventional radiology ,Arteries ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Embolization, Therapeutic ,Prostatic artery embolization ,Treatment Outcome ,International Prostate Symptom Score ,business ,Sexual function - Abstract
In recent years prostate artery embolization (PAE) evolved into a clinically established minimally invasive endovascular treatment option for lower urinary tract symptoms caused by benign prostate syndrome (BPS). In this interdisciplinary position paper, initiated by the steering group for research of the German Society for Interventional Radiology (IR), the method of PAE is presented and discussed in the context of current evidence. PAE is a safe IR procedure for the treatment of BPS. In terms of symptom relief, measured with the IPSS (International Prostate Symptom Score), the PAE has comparable effect, similar to the historic gold standard, transurethral resection (TUR) of the prostate. With regard to reducing subvesical obstruction PAE is inferior to TUR, but does not limit subsequent surgery. Based on current evidence, PAE is recommended by the British National Institute for Health and Care Excellence as an alternative therapy. The feasibility under local anaesthesia and the preservation of sexual function are important arguments for patients in favour of interventional therapy. Patient selection and therapy concepts require close interdisciplinary collaboration between urologists and radiologists. Effectiveness and safety of PAE for the treatment of BPS are proven. Further randomized trials should focus on long term outcome and help to identify most suitable indications for PAE. · PAE, an endovascular procedure, is a patient-friendly, minimally invasive, alternative therapy option of the BPS. · PAE can reduce the symptoms of the lower urinary tract (LUTS), comparable to transurethral resection (TUR). The deobstructive and volume-reducing potential of the PAE is inferior to that of the TUR. · The main advantages of PAE are use of local anesthesia (no general anesthesia required), short patient recovery and maintenance of sexual function, including antegrade ejaculation.. · Based on current evidence PAE should be considered after conservative drug therapy and before TUR.. · The role of PAE in the context of other minimally invasive procedures (MIST) requires further evaluation with an open minded approach towards PAE.. · PAE is carried out by interventional radiologists, usually on a referral basis from urologists, and requires close interdisciplinary cooperation..· Kovacs A, Bücker A, Grimm M et al. Position Paper of the German Society for Interventional Radiology (DeGIR) on Prostatic Artery Embolization. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2020; 192: 835 - 846. Mit der Prostataarterienembolisation (PAE) steht seit einigen Jahren ein klinisch etabliertes minimalinvasives endovaskuläres Verfahren zur Behandlung des benignen Prostatasyndroms (BPS) zur Verfügung. In diesem von der Lenkungsgruppe Wissenschaft und Forschung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Interventionelle Radiologie initiierten interdisziplinären Positionspapier wird die Methode der PAE dargestellt und im Kontext der aktuellen Datenlage diskutiert. Die PAE ist ein sicheres interventionell-radiologisches Verfahren zur Behandlung des BPS. In Bezug auf die Beschwerdesymptomatik, gemessen mit dem IPSS (International Prostate Symptom Score), hat die PAE im Vergleich zu dem historischen Goldstandard der transurethralen Resektion (TUR) der Prostata einen vergleichbaren Effekt. Im Hinblick auf die subvesikale Desobstruktion ist die PAE der TUR unterlegen, sie behindert allerdings eine spätere chirurgische Therapie nicht. Aufgrund der bereits vorhandenen Evidenz wird die PAE vom britischen National Institute for Health and Care Excellence als Therapiealternative empfohlen. Die Durchführbarkeit in Lokalanästhesie und der Erhalt der Sexualfunktion sind für die Patienten wichtige Argumente für die interventionelle Therapie. Patientenauswahl und Therapiekonzept erfordern eine enge interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit zwischen Urologen und Radiologen. Effektivität und Sicherheit der PAE zur Behandlung des BPS sind nachgewiesen. In weiteren randomisierten Studien sollten Langzeitergebnisse generiert und die am besten geeigneten Indikationen für die PAE bei BPS definiert werden. · Die PAE als endovaskuläres Verfahren ist eine patientenfreundliche minimalinvasive alternative Therapieoption des BPS.. · Die PAE kann die Beschwerden des unteren Harntraktes (LUTS), vergleichbar der transurethralen Resektion (TUR), reduzieren. Das desobstruktive bzw. volumenreduzierende Potenzial der PAE ist dem der TUR unterlegen.. · Die wichtigsten Vorteile der PAE sind Durchführbarkeit in Lokalanästhesie (ohne Narkose), kurze Ausfallzeiten des Patienten und Erhalt der sexuellen Funktion, inklusive der antegraden Ejakulation.. · Die PAE ist aufgrund der bisher vorliegenden Evidenz im therapeutischen Algorithmus zwischen der konservativen, medikamentösen Therapie und der TUR zu positionieren. Der Stellenwert der PAE im Kontext anderer minimalinvasiver Verfahren (MIST) bedarf noch weiterer Evaluation, setzt aber einen grundsätzlich offenen Umgang mit der PAE voraus.. · Die PAE wird zumeist auf Zuweisung von Urologen von interventionellen Radiologen durchgeführt und erfordert eine enge interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit..· Kovacs A, Bücker A, Grimm M et al. Position Paper of the German Society for Interventional Radiology (DeGIR) on Prostatic Artery Embolization. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2020; 192: 835 – 846.
- Published
- 2020
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.