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Background Public health guidelines have called for innovative and flexible physical activity (PA) intervention strategies to promote PA and health amid the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Therefore, this study's purpose was to examine the effects of a home-based, YouTube-delivered PA intervention grounded in self-determination theory on young adults’ free-living PA, sedentary behavior, and sleep quality (NCT04499547). Methods Sixty-four young adults (48 females; age: 22.8 ± 3.4 years, mean ± SD; body mass index = 23.1 ± 2.6 kg/m2) were randomized (1:1) into the intervention group, which received weekly aerobic and muscle-strengthening PA videos, or control group, which received weekly general health education videos, for 12 weeks. Our primary outcome was free-living moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and our secondary outcomes were sedentary behavior, light PA, and sleep quality (measured using ActiGraph accelerometers) along with muscle-strengthening PA frequency, self-determination theory-related motivation (non-regulation, external regulation, introjected regulation, identified regulation, integrated regulation, and intrinsic regulation), and perceived PA barriers (assessed using validated questionnaires). Repeated measures analysis of variances (ANOVAs) examined between-group differences at an adjusted significance level of 0.004 and effect sizes as partial eta-squared (ηp2). Results We observed statistically significant interaction effects for MVPA, sleep efficiency, muscle-strengthening PA frequency, non-regulation, integrated regulation, intrinsic regulation, and perceived PA barriers (F(1, 62) = 10.75–77.67, p < 0.001–0.002, ηp2 = 0.15–0.56) with all outcomes favoring the intervention group. We observed no statistically significant differences in either group for sedentary behavior, light PA, sleep duration, or external, introjected, and identified regulations after 12 weeks (F(1, 62) = 1.11–3.64, p = 0.06–0.61). Conclusion With national COVID-19 restrictions still in place and uncertainty regarding post-pandemic PA environments and behaviors, a remote, YouTube-delivered PA intervention may help foster clinically meaningful improvements in young adults’ free-living MVPA, muscle-strengthening PA frequency, sleep efficiency, PA-related intrinsic motivation, and perceived PA barriers., Graphical Abstract Image, graphical abstract

Ongoing efforts among cities to reinvigorate streets have encouraged innovations in using smart data to understand pedestrian activities. Empowered by advanced algorithms and computation power, data from smartphone applications, GPS devices, video cameras, and other forms of sensors can help better understand and promote street life and pedestrian activities. Through adopting a pedestrian-oriented and place-based approach, this paper reviews the major environmental components, pedestrian behavior, and sources of smart data in advancing this field of computational urban science. Responding to the identified research gap, a case study that hybridizes different smart data to understand pedestrian jaywalking as a reflection of urban spaces that need further improvement is presented. Finally, some major research challenges and directions are also highlighted.

Bio-loggers are widely used for studying the movement and behavior of animals. However, some sensors provide more data than is practical to store given experiment or bio-logger design constraints. One approach for overcoming this limitation is to utilize data collection strategies, such as non-continuous recording or data summarization that may record data more efficiently, but need to be validated for correctness. In this paper we address two fundamental questions—how can researchers determine suitable parameters and behaviors for bio-logger sensors, and how do they validate their choices? We present a methodology that uses software-based simulation of bio-loggers to validate various data collection strategies using recorded data and synchronized, annotated video. The use of simulation allows for fast and repeatable tests, which facilitates the validation of data collection methods as well as the configuration of bio-loggers in preparation for experiments. We demonstrate this methodology using accelerometer loggers for recording the activity of the small songbird Junco hyemalis hyemalis.

Using the voice to interact with systems is attractive in medicine and other areas due to its friendliness and flexibility. Video indexing and retrieval have benefited from this resource. However, few initiatives use speech recognition to support both tasks. This work aims to develop and evaluate a prototype system to index and retrieve videos from speech transcription. In particular, the user can narrate each video’s content, generating the utterance that is captured, transformed into text and timestamped by the computational system. Simple text processing techniques are then applied to the obtained transcript before indexing. Afterward, the user can also query by speech or text to find relevant videos previously indexed. We conducted an experimental evaluation of the prototype in sets of 50 and 10 public videos. As part of this process, one collaborator manually narrated the 50 videos, while four others narrated a subset of 13 videos. An automatic narration scheme was also applied to this subset and the set of 10 videos. The evaluation showed promising results regarding Brazilian Portuguese speech recognition and retrieval performance. For example, the average word error rate reached down to 0.03 and the mean average precision achieved up to 1.00. Besides performing well, the computational tool is flexible since few changes are required to support other languages.

Un caso clinico di corea in paziente con iperglicemia non chetoacidosica e infezione da SARS-Cov-2

Remote and objective assessment of the motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease is an area of great interest particularly since the COVID-19 crisis emerged. In this paper, we focus on a) the challenges of assessing motor severity via videos and b) the use of emerging video-based Artificial Intelligence (AI)/Machine Learning techniques to quantitate human movement and its potential utility in assessing motor severity in patients with Parkinson’s disease. While we conclude that video-based assessment may be an accessible and useful way of monitoring motor severity of Parkinson’s disease, the potential of video-based AI to diagnose and quantify disease severity in the clinical context is dependent on research with large, diverse samples, and further validation using carefully considered performance standards.

Question: What were the experiences of physiotherapists and patients who consulted via videoconference during the COVID-19 pandemic and how was it implemented? Design: Mixed methods study with cross-sectional national online surveys and qualitative analysis of free-text responses. Participants: A total of 207 physiotherapists in private practice or community settings and 401 patients aged ≥ 18 years who consulted (individual and/or group) via videoconference from April to November 2020. Methods: Separate customised online surveys were developed for physiotherapists and patients. Data were collected regarding the implementation of videoconferencing (cost, software used) and experience with videoconferencing (perceived effectiveness, safety, ease of use and comfort communicating, each scored on a 4-point ordinal scale). Qualitative content analysis was performed of physiotherapists’ free-text responses about perceived facilitators, barriers and safety issues. Results: Physiotherapists gave moderate-to-high ratings for the effectiveness of and their satisfaction with videoconferencing. Most intended to continue to offer individual consultations (81%) and group classes (60%) via videoconferencing beyond the pandemic. For individual consultations and group classes, respectively, most patients had moderately or extremely positive perceptions about ease of technology use (94%, 91%), comfort communicating (96%, 86%), satisfaction with management (92%, 93%), satisfaction with privacy/security (98%, 95%), safety (99% both) and effectiveness (83%, 89%). Compared with 68% for group classes, 47% of patients indicated they were moderately or extremely likely to choose videoconferencing for individual consultations in the future. Technology was predominant as both a facilitator and barrier. Falls risk was the main safety factor. Conclusion: Patients and physiotherapists had overall positive experiences using videoconferencing for individual consultations and group classes. The results suggest that videoconferencing is a viable option for the delivery of physiotherapy care in the future.

The purposes are to automatically collect information about human sports behavior from massive video data and provide an explicit recognition and analysis of body movements. The analysis of multi-scale input data, the improvement of spatiotemporal Deep Belief Network (DBN), and the different pooling strategies are regarded as the focuses to improve the belief networks in deep learning (DL). Moreover, a human sports behavior recognition model is proposed based on particular spatio-temporal features. Also, video frame data are collected from the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) and University of Central Florida (UCF) datasets for training. The TensorFlow platform is employed to simulate the built algorithm. Finally, the constructed algorithm model is compared with the DBN proposed by Yang et al. the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) proposed by Ullah et al. and the DBN-Hidden Markov Model (HMM) algorithm proposed by Xu et al. to analyse its performance. The recognition effects of each algorithm in the two datasets are analyzed. Results demonstrate that CNN developed by Ullah et al. has the worst accuracy on the KTH and UCF datasets, followed by DBN developed by Yang et al. and DBN-HMM developed by Xu et al. The constructed algorithm model can provide the highest accuracy, reaching about 90%, and the recognition accuracy of human sports behaviors of each algorithm on the KTH dataset is lower than that on the UCF dataset. On the KTH dataset, the recognition accuracy for boxing is the highest and running the lowest. Analyzing the model's accuracy in the four scenes (S1, S2, S3, and S4) on the KTH dataset suggests that the recognition accuracy for the indoor scene (S4) is higher than that of the outdoor scenes (S1, S2, and S3). On the UCF dataset, the recognition accuracy for lifting is the highest, reaching 99%, and that for walking is the lowest, reaching 51%. Therefore, the proposed human sports recognition model can provide a higher accuracy than other classic DL algorithms, providing an experimental basis for subsequent human sports recognition research.

The article is devoted to the study of multimedia tools that are used when placing content in online versions of popular science publications. The relevance of the issue is due to the need to use new convergent forms of promotion of printed publications in the field of mass communications. The novelty of the study is seen in the fact that for the first time the process of multimediaization in the popular science segment of the media is described. The role that multimedia tools play in the development of modern popular science media is shown. Particular attention is paid to topical problems of the functioning of popular science journals, possible ways to solve them, as well as, in this regard, the potential of multimedia. The content analysis and comparative research of electronic and printed versions of popular science magazines “Science and Life” and “Popular Mechanics” are presented. The question is raised about how multimedia expands the opportunities for brand promotion. On the basis of the results obtained, conclusions were formulated about the more effective use of multimedia in popular science media. The definitions of multimedia are given and the classification of the functions of multimedia elements in the publications of Internet media is proposed. It has been proven that modern popular science media does not use the entire range of multimedia elements in Internet versions, which negatively affects their popularization.

The measurement of heart rate variability (HRV) is the preferred method for assessing the function of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Traditional HRV detection requires an electrocardiogram (ECG) or photoelectric sensor. In this paper, we propose a new method for HRV measurement using a rear smartphone camera as a sensor. Video signals from the fingertips of 24 college students were acquired using the rear camera of an HTC M8d smartphone. ECG signals were simultaneously recorded as reference. The video signals were converted into single-frame image sequences over time. Each image frame was transformed into point data through superpositioning of pixel color attribute values and averaging according to space. The point data were sorted by time to obtain a photoplethysmogram (PPG). Finally, the Hilbert transform was used to extract the pulse-to-pulse interval and the R-to-R interval for the PPG and ECG, respectively. Sixteen HRV parameters (mean HR, max HR, min HR, SDNN, RMSSD, NN50, pNN50, VLF, LF, HF, TP, LFnu, HFnu, LF/HF, SD1, and SD2) were analyzed. All 16 HRV parameters were highly correlated (all rs > 0.95, ps

Super-Resolving (SR) video is more challenging compared with image super-resolution because of the demanding computation time. To enlarge a low-resolution video, the temporal relationship among frames must be fully exploited. We can model video SR as a multi-frame SR problem and use deep learning methods to estimate the spatial and temporal information. This paper proposes a lighter residual network, based on a multi-stage back projection for multi-frame SR. We improve the back projection based residual block by adding weights for adaptive feature tuning, and add global & local connections to explore deeper feature representation. We jointly learn spatial-temporal feature maps by using the proposed Spatial Convolution Packing scheme as an attention mechanism to extract more information from both spatial and temporal domains. Different from others, our proposed network can input multiple low-resolution frames to obtain multiple super-resolved frames simultaneously. We can then further improve the video SR quality by self-ensemble enhancement to meet videos with different motions and distortions. Results of much experimental work show that our proposed approaches give large improvement over other state-of-the-art video SR methods. Compared to recent CNN based video SR works, our approaches can save, up to 60% computation time and achieve 0.6 dB PSNR improvement.

Adaptive streaming over HTTP is the dominant video streaming technology for more than a decade. HTTP Adaptive Streaming (HAS) systems provide a framework which enables clients to adapt quality with respect to network fluctuations during streaming, hence to optimize the perceived quality on the client side. Recently, network assistance is integrated with HAS in order to improve underlying network conditions and to provide network-related information to the clients. The performance of HAS systems can be further enhanced if the characteristics of the streamed video are considered. In this paper, we propose a HAS system architecture where Software Defined Networking (SDN) technology is utilized for assisting clients to select the most appropriate video codec and bitrate under the constraint of current network conditions as well as routing the video packet over the appropriate paths. In the proposed architecture, layered video is used, where each additional layer improves the quality. The controller estimates the packet loss probability by taking video codec characteristics, the bitrates of the layers and network capacity into account. Based on these estimations, the controller selects the appropriate codec type and video quality for the clients and manage the network. Simulation results show that the performance of the video streaming architecture can be improved significantly when codec, quality and path selection are jointly considered, and combined with SDN flexibility and advantageous., Scienti~c and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) Electric, Electronic and Informatics Research Group (EEEAG) [115E449]; Digiturk Bein Media Group, This work was supported in part by the Scienti~c and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) Electric, Electronic and Informatics Research Group (EEEAG) under Grant 115E449, and in part by Digiturk Bein Media Group.

Pelayangan sub-district is a sub-district in Jambi City where the average income of the population is obtained from small and medium industries (IKM). The product produced is one of the typical products of the Jambi region, including crackers, batik, food, and others. Product marketing that has been carried out so far is still fixated using conventional methods. This is due to the limited knowledge of IKM managers in the Pelayangan District area in utilizing information technology to support the marketing process for the products they produce. With the use of social media and the development of video advertisements on social media, it is possible to expand market share and the resulting product sales transactions. For this reason, in order to expand market share, a community service program for the application of science and technology is carried out. Where in this service program, the development and implementation of assistance in the use of promotional media will be carried out in the form of product videos that are advertised premium on social media in order to expand market share in product sales to small and medium industries (IKM) in Pelayangan Kota District. Assistance activities will be carried out in 3 activity sessions located in Pelayangan District, namely 1 session of delivering material, ideas and ideas about product marketing through advertising services on social media and 2 sessions of making, implementing and mentoring the use of the media. The output resulting from this community service activity is an increase in community understanding and skills about promotion using social media and IKM product videos that are promoted through advertising services on social media

Preliminary observations conducted in Bali State Polytechnic found that the students' learning outcomes in speaking were still shallow. Modern facilities equipped with advanced technology such as computer devices known as CALL (Computer Assisted Language Learning) are vital to helping lecture in language teaching and learning process, including speaking. This study aims to improve student speaking learning outcomes in English courses by conducting CALL and how CALL can make a contribution in increasing speaking ability in Vocational Higher Education. The research method used in this research was mix method approach. The subjects were the students of Electrical Engineering, Bali State Polytechnic. The data were analyzed quantitatively and descriptively. The results showed that the video-assisted CALL method's application could improve student learning outcomes in English courses.int shows the differences in the pre-test and post-test results, where there is an increase of 14.34%. Besides, the CALL method also allows students to have more expressive activities in presenting conversation among their friends to feel happy and interested. Similarly, CALL can also create fun learning since the students learn using the internet and computer, which are commonly used

Recommender systems have become a popular and effective means to manage the ever-increasing amount of multimedia content available today and to help users discover interesting new items. Today’s recommender systems suggest items of various media types, including audio, text, visual (images), and videos. In fact, scientific research related to the analysis of multimedia content has made possible effective content-based recommender systems capable of suggesting items based on an analysis of the features extracted from the item itself. The aim of this survey is to present a thorough review of the state-of-the-art of recommender systems that leverage multimedia content, by classifying the reviewed papers with respect to their media type, the techniques employed to extract and represent their content features, and the recommendation algorithm. Moreover, for each media type, we discuss various domains in which multimedia content plays a key role in human decision-making and is therefore considered in the recommendation process. Examples of the identified domains include fashion, tourism, food, media streaming, and e-commerce.

Objective Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is considered the gold standard for cerebral vasculature observation and is increasingly applied among the elderly population. The aim of this study is to determine whether the use of a video-based education system can improve the image quality of percutaneous cerebral angiography. Method This study is a single-blinded prospective cohort trial. One hundred and sixty patients (≥65 years old) were enrolled in this study. Eighty patients were provided with video-based education as intervention. Eighty age-matched controls only received regular education. The DSA image quality was assessed between control and intervention groups. It was rated by two readers on a 5-point scale, independently. Results No differences were found between control and intervention groups in baseline characteristics (P > 0.05). The mean overall image quality was significantly higher in patients receiving video-based education than in controls (P < 0.05), and the same trends were found in the respective assessment of each artery (left and right carotid/vertebral artery; P < 0.05). Moreover, the operation time and radiation doses were quite comparable between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions This study indicated that video-based education helps elderly patients to acquire improved DSA image quality. It encourages the application of this approach in practice.

Deteksi wajah merupakan proses mendasar dan penting dalam bidang pengenalan wajah yang sudah diteliti secara luas. Tujuan deteksi wajah adalah menentukan keberadaan dan menandai posisi wajah, baik pada gambar maupun video, yang disebut dengan bounding box. Salah satu masalah penting dalam deteksi wajah adalah membedakan wajah spoof dan non-spoof yang disebut sebagai deteksi spoofing wajah. Deteksi spoofing wajah merupakan pekerjaan penting yang digunakan untuk menjamin keamanan otentikasi berbasis wajah dan sistem analisis wajah. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan sebuah model yang dapat mendeteksi spoofing wajah. Pada makalah ini dilakukan proses membangun model yang dapat digunakan untuk mendeteksi wajah spoof dan non-spoof pada video menggunakan algoritme Faster R-CNN dengan arsitektur Resnet50. Faster R-CNN merupakan salah satu algoritme yang unggul dalam menyelesaikan berbagai persoalan deteksi objek. Dataset yang digunakan adalah Replay-Attack Database yang disediakan oleh Idiap Dataset Distribution Portal. Pada tahap training digunakan 360 video spoof dan non-spoof. Rata-rata nilai akurasi yang dihasilkan pada tahap training adalah 97,07%, dengan jumlah epoch sebanyak 21. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa model yang dihasilkan berhasil menentukan bounding box dengan akurat dan mendeteksi spoof dan non-spoof wajah pada video dengan efektif.

Pre-recorded lectures can be an efficient way to convey instructional content to students in distributed environments, but videos that are not of high quality can potentially reduce student engagement. These guidelines are designed to help faculty and staff prepare and develop effective recorded lectures using presentation software such as PowerPoint and Google Slides. The guidelines are evidence-based and represent best practices for the use of media in education. Effective creation of pre-recorded lectures with presentation software is not an easy process, but the time and effort invested will generate a valuable resource.

Background Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is the most common bariatric surgical procedure worldwide. Educational videos of LSGs are available from online sources with YouTube® being the most popular online video repository. However, due to the unrestricted and uncontrolled nature of YouTube®, anyone can upload videos without peer review or standardization. The LAP-VEGaS guidelines were formed to guide the production of high-quality surgical videos. The aim of this study is to use the LAP-VEGaS guidelines to determine if videos of LSGs available on Youtube® are of an acceptable standard for surgical educational purposes. Methods A YouTube® search was performed using the term laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Appropriate videos were analysed by two individuals using the sixteen LAP-VEGaS guidelines. Results A total of 575 videos were found, of which 202 videos were included and analysed using the LAP-VEGaS guidelines. The median video guideline score was 6/16 with 89% of videos meeting less than half of all guidelines. There was no correlation between the LAP-VEGaS score and view count. Conclusions There is an abundance of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy educational videos available on YouTube®; however, when analysed using the LAP-VEGaS guidelines, the majority do not meet acceptable educational standards for surgical training purposes.

BACKGROUND Children with esophageal atresia (EA) have risk of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), suggesting reflux monitoring for prompt management. AIM To evaluate GERD in children with EA and specific symptom association from combined Video with Multichannel Intraluminal Impedance and pH (MII-pH) study. METHODS Children diagnosed with EA with suspected GERD and followed up at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital between January 2000 and December 2018 were prospectively studied. All underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy with esophageal biopsy and Video MII-pH study on the same day. Symptoms of GERD which included both esophageal and extra-esophageal symptom were recorded from video monitoring and abnormal reflux from MII-pH study based on the statement from the European Paediatric Impedance Group. Prevalence of GERD was also reported by using histopathology as a gold standard. Endoscopic appearance was recorded using Los Angeles Classification and esophagitis severity was graded using Esohisto criteria. RESULTS Fifteen children were recruited with age of 3.1 (2.2, 9.8) years (40%, male) and the common type was C (93.3%). The symptoms recorded were cough (75.2%), vomiting (15.2%), irritability or unexplained crying (7.6%) and dysphagia (1.9%) with the symptom-reflux association of 45.7%, 89%, 71% and 0%, respectively. There were abnormal endoscopic appearance in 52.9%, esophagitis in 64.7% and high reflux score in 47.1%. Video MII-pH study has high diagnostic value with the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 72.7%, 100% and 82.4%, respectively. CONCLUSION Prevalence of GERD in children with EA was high. Video MII-pH study to detect GERD in children with EA had high diagnostic value with the trend of specific symptom association.

The demand for telemedicine has been increasing over the past several years with the growth of technology and digital connectivity in our daily lives. With the impact of the global coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, telemedicine implementation has become a necessity for many specialties because social distancing measures have greatly affected access to routine medical care. This article presents a detailed and systematic approach to conducting a hand physical examination during a video telemedicine encounter. Although the telemedicine physical examination has limitations, most components of the normal physical examination can be completed remotely with a systematic approach. We enumerate modifications to maximize examination remotely and present considerations for improved delivery of telemedicine care. These methods may be beneficial to providers incorporating telemedicine into their practice.

Intermediality as a theoretical and methodological perspective champions impurity. Overall, it is concerned with the interaction, contamination, and mixture between different media, breaking down existing barriers that currently exclude hybrid forms of artistic expression, which also inevitably exposes the limits of media specificity. Musical performance constitutes a privileged space to reflect on intermediality. It brings in not only music, but a mixture which includes literature, theatre, dancing and even painting and architecture. Music performance calls for all these artistic practices and articulates them through the song. Then, when it is filmed by a camera and recorded with microphones to be exhibited on a screen, new layers of meaning are added. This Alphaville issue is concerned with the performance of the intermedial in Brazilian cinema through music performance. It is an output of the project “Towards an Intermedial History of Brazilian Cinema: Exploring Intermediality as a Historiographic Method”, a shared endeavour by the University of Reading and the Federal University of São Carlos which was developed between 2015 and 2019, funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC) in the UK and the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) in Brazil

Audiences are hostile to advertising on the Internet, so ad-supported video streaming services have experimented with new interactive formats to make viewers more receptive to advertising. This lab study investigated explanations for the effectiveness of one of these new formats, advertisement choice, and potential variations of this format. The results confirm that advertisement choice increases arousal, consistent with the greater attention and involvement explanations offered by prior studies. However, after controlling for individual differences, we found no significant positive effects of advertisement choice on measures of advertising effectiveness. We also tested a range of current and potential advertisement-choice formats but found none that were better than a choice between two ads for the same brand. A harder choice between three ads had a negative effect, compared with no-choice ads. Choices between different brands had positive effects on ad liking, but competitive interference effects on recognition and recall. These results suggest that advertising choice at least does no harm, and offers viewers the benefits of choice, and advertisers the ability to reach streaming video viewers. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic introduced challenges to the use of simulation, including limited personal protective equipment and restricted time and personnel. Our use of video for in situ simulation aimed to circumvent these challenges and assist in the development of a protocol for protected intubation and simultaneously educate emergency department (ED) staff. We video-recorded a COVID-19 respiratory failure in situ simulation event, which was shared by a facilitator both virtually and in the ED. The facilitator led discussions and debriefs. We followed this with in situ run-throughs in which staff walked through the steps of the simulation in the ED, handling medications and equipment and becoming comfortable with use of isolation rooms. This application of in situ simulation allowed one simulation event to reach a wide audience, while allowing participants to respect social distancing, and resulted in the education of this audience and successful crowdsourcing for a protocol amidst a pandemic.

Purpose To test the validity of the Ecological Video Identification of Physical Activity (EVIP) computer vision algorithms for automated video-based ecological assessment of physical activity in settings such as parks and schoolyards. Methods Twenty-seven hours of video were collected from stationary overhead video cameras across 22 visits in nine sites capturing organized activities. Each person in the setting wore an accelerometer, and each second was classified as moderate-to-vigorous physical activity or sedentary/light activity. Data with 57,987 s were used to train and test computer vision algorithms for estimating the total number of people in the video and number of people active (in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity) each second. In the testing data set (38,658 s), video-based System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC) observations were conducted every 5 min (130 observations). Concordance correlation coefficients (CCC) and mean absolute errors (MAE) assessed agreement between (1) EVIP and ground truth (people counts+accelerometry) and (2) SOPARC observation and ground truth. Site and scene-level correlates of error were investigated. Results Agreement between EVIP and ground truth was high for number of people in the scene (CCC = 0.88; MAE = 2.70) and moderate for number of people active (CCC = 0.55; MAE = 2.57). The EVIP error was uncorrelated with camera placement, presence of obstructions or shadows, and setting type. For both number in scene and number active, EVIP outperformed SOPARC observations in estimating ground truth values (CCC were larger by 0.11–0.12 and MAE smaller by 41%–48%). Conclusions Computer vision algorithms are promising for automated assessment of setting-based physical activity. Such tools would require less manpower than human observation, produce more and potentially more accurate data, and allow for ongoing monitoring and feedback to inform interventions.

Significance People currently spend over a billion of hours a day watching internet video content. To understand why, we combined neuroimaging with a behavioral video viewing task that simulated an internet attention market (i.e., youtube.com). While brain activity at video onset (increased nucleus accumbens [NAcc] and medial prefrontal cortex but decreased anterior insula [AIns]) predicted individuals’ choices to start and stop viewing, only activity in a subset of these regions implicated in anticipatory affect (increased NAcc and decreased AIns) at video onset forecasts aggregate video view frequency and duration on the internet. These findings suggest that brain activity can reveal “hidden” information capable of forecasting video engagement in attention markets., The growth of the internet has spawned new “attention markets,” in which people devote increasing amounts of time to consuming online content, but the neurobehavioral mechanisms that drive engagement in these markets have yet to be elucidated. We used functional MRI (FMRI) to examine whether individuals’ neural responses to videos could predict their choices to start and stop watching videos as well as whether group brain activity could forecast aggregate video view frequency and duration out of sample on the internet (i.e., on youtube.com). Brain activity during video onset predicted individual choice in several regions (i.e., increased activity in the nucleus accumbens [NAcc] and medial prefrontal cortex [MPFC] as well as decreased activity in the anterior insula [AIns]). Group activity during video onset in only a subset of these regions, however, forecasted both aggregate view frequency and duration (i.e., increased NAcc and decreased AIns)—and did so above and beyond conventional measures. These findings extend neuroforecasting theory and tools by revealing that activity in brain regions implicated in anticipatory affect at the onset of video viewing (but not initial choice) can forecast time allocation out of sample in an internet attention market.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of mobile video-guided home exercise program and standard paper-based home exercise program. Methods: Eligible participants were randomly assigned to either experimental group with mobile video-guided home exercise program or control group with home exercise program in a standard pamphlet for three months. The primary outcome was exercise adherence. The secondary outcomes were self-efficacy for exercise by Self-Efficacy for Exercise (SEE) Scale; and functional outcomes including mobility level by Modified Functional Ambulatory Category (MFAC) and basic activities of daily living (ADL) by Modified Barthel Index (MBI). All outcomes were captured by phone interviews at 1 day, 1 month and 3 months after the participants were discharged from the hospitals. Results: A total of 56 participants were allocated to the experimental group [Formula: see text] and control group [Formula: see text]. There were a significant between-group differences in 3-months exercise adherence (experimental group: 75.6%; control group: 55.2%); significant between-group differences in 1-month SEE (experimental group: 58.4; control group: 43.3) and 3-month SEE (experimental group: 62.2; control group: 45.6). For functional outcomes, there were significant between-group differences in 3-month MFAC gain (experimental group: 1.7; control group: 1.0). There were no between-group differences in MBI gain. Conclusion: The use of mobile video-guided home exercise program was superior to standard paper-based home exercise program in exercise adherence, SEE and mobility gain but not basic ADL gain for patients recovering from stroke.

Background Colonic capsule endoscopy (CCE) derived from the video capsule endoscopy, initially proposed to explore the small bowel, has demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity for colonic polyp detection. The primary outcome of the study was to assess the safety, feasibility, and reliability of CCE after colorectal surgery. Secondary outcomes were to identify the detection rate of colonic lesions and recognition of the surgical anastomosis as compared to colonoscopy. Methods This is a prospective single-center study conducted over a 2-year period. Thirty-seven patients with a history of colorectal surgery were prospectively included in this study. Each patient received both CCE and colonoscopy, performed by different operators blinded to each other's results. Results Thirty-two patients (86.5%) completed the study and were included in the final analysis. All capsules were naturally expelled. In three patients (9.4%), the anal verge was not identified during the CCE recording and the examination of the colon was considered incomplete. Surgical anastomosis was accurately identified by CCE in 78.2% of the patients versus 93.8% for colonoscopy (P = 0.65). Thirty-eight lesions were detected in 14 patients. The sensitivity of CCE to detect colonic polyps was 95.2% (95% confidence interval (CI): 77.3-99.2%), the specificity 82.4% (95% CI: 59.0-93.8%). Positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of CCE to detect colonic polyps were 87.0% and 93.3%, respectively. No complications related to the passage of the capsule through the intestinal anastomosis were detected. Conclusions CCE proved to be safe and feasible, reporting a similar detection rate of colonic lesion compared to colonoscopy.

Video and coaching as vehicles for teachers’ professional development have both received much attention in educational research. The combination of the two, video coaching, where teachers watch and discuss videos of their own practice with a coach, seems especially promising, but there is limited insight into how the design leads to desired teacher and student outcomes through mediating enactment processes. This review systematically synthesized the occurrences and co-occurrences of video coaching design features, enactment processes, teacher outcomes, and student impacts as reported in 59 empirical studies. The literature corpus contained information on design features for all studies, but the video coaching enactment processes were described in only half of the studies. Altogether, the studies showed that video coaching can support some positive teacher outcomes, such as changes in pedagogical behavior, but evidence was not consistently reported for all types of outcomes. Few studies examined impacts on learners. Taken together, this review revealed important gaps in knowledge, which highlights the importance of paying attention to unpacking teacher learning processes.

Highlights • We created a COVID-19 an outbreak management team (OMT) and used video surveillance for contact tracing. • Medical and Nursing completed more than 150 PPE training sessions for staff. • Video review and contact tracing lead to 602 and 314 medical isolation days for infected employees and residents and 3060 and 4170 quarantine days for close contacts. • Prompt diagnosis and contact tracing by OMT lead to low primary attack and positivity rates for both employees and residents., We describe the use of video technology to enhance case interviews, identify COVID-19 contacts, and determine exposures risk within a large juvenile temporary detention center. We created a COVID-19 outbreak management protocol which included the formation of an outbreak management team (OMT) and enhanced infection control practices using video surveillance. Currently, our institution's positivity rate remains low for both staff and residents largely because of the OMT. Video technology combined with enhanced infection control practices can be a useful technique to reduce COVID-19 infections in custodial settings.

Introduction Video recording and video evaluation tools have been successfully used to evaluate neonatal resuscitation performance. The objective of our study was to evaluate differences in Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) adherence at time of birth between three temporal resuscitative periods using scored video recordings. Methods This is a retrospective review of in-situ resuscitation video recordings from a level 3 perinatal center between 2017 and 2018. The modified Neonatal Resuscitation Assessment (mNRA) scoring tool was used as a surrogate marker to assess NRP adherence during daytime, evening, and nighttime hours. Results A total of 260 resuscitations, of which 258 were births via Cesarean section, were assessed. mNRA composite scores were 86.2% during daytime hours, 87% during evening hours, and 86.6% during nighttime hours. There were no significant differences in mNRA composite scores between any of the three time periods. Differences remained statistically similar after controlling for complexity of resuscitations with administration of positive pressure ventilation (PPV), intubation, or chest compressions. Conclusion Overall adherence to NRP, as measured by composite mNRA scores as a surrogate marker, was high across all three daily resuscitative periods without significant differences between daytime, evening, and nighttime hours.

Highlights • Smartphone videos are useful cost-effective means to evaluate and characterized epileptic and nonepileptic seizures. • Convulsive and motor semiologies are particularly well-suited for accurate interpretation using smartphone videos but require ictal-post-ictal separation. • Patients and caregivers should be educated on optimal smartphone video recording focused on capturing the onset of the event. • Long-term video-EEG monitoring remains the gold standard when discordant video information is presented or diagnostic questions remain after clinical evaluation., Expert review of seizure semiology looking at video recordings independent of EEG has been found to be useful for diagnosing functional seizures. Videos recorded outside the hospital containing “spells” have similar sensitivity to EEG when quality recordings are evaluated. Recently, smartphone videos were shown to serve as an adjunct to standard history and physical examination with similar diagnostic yields when compared to diagnostic video-EEG monitoring and reviewed by experts. However, caution must be exercised when interpreting videos of paroxysmal neurological events recorded by caregivers to ensure proper video quality is maintained and recorded event is representative. In this report, we present a case of initial identification of and event falsely suggesting functional seizures in a patient with epilepsy. The smartphone video of a “seizure” was recorded by his wife using her smartphone. Despite a quality recording and a history consistent with epilepsy, the smartphone video reviewed during evaluation in the clinic suggested a functional behavior in contrast to the history that suggested epilepsy manifest as convulsions. Instead of bilateral tonic-clonic motor movements, bizarre, intermittent non-clonic wild flinging movements and vocalization were identified on the smartphone video. The discordance between the clnical history and ideo prompted inpatient video-EEG monitoring. The same nonepileptic semiology was subsequently clarified to represent a physiological nonepileptic event. The event on the smartphone was typical of his agitated post-ictal state following an electroclinical tonic-clonic seizure. With treatment the seizures became controlled with antiseizure medication in long-term follow-up. We highlight the pitfalls using patient-recorded smartphone videos in patients diagnosed with epilepsy. Understanding the utility of smartphones as an adjunct to the clinical history will help in differentiating epileptic from functional seizures.

The Internet’s popularization has increased the amount of content produced and consumed on the web. To take advantage of this new market, major content producers such as Netflix and Amazon Prime have emerged, focusing on video streaming services. However, despite the large number and diversity of videos made available by these content providers, few of them attract the attention of most users. For example, in the data explored in this article, only 6% of the most popular videos account for 85% of total views. Finding out in advance which videos will be popular is not trivial, especially given many influencing variables. Nevertheless, a tool with this ability would be of great value to help dimension network infrastructure and properly recommend new content to users. In this way, this manuscript examines the machine learning-based approaches that have been proposed to solve the prediction of web content popularity. To this end, we first survey the literature and elaborate a taxonomy that classifies models according to predictive features and describes state-of-the-art features and techniques used to solve this task. While analyzing previous works, we saw an opportunity to use textual features for video prediction. Thus, additionally, we propose a case study that combines features acquired through attribute engineering and word embedding to predict the popularity of a video. The first approach is based on predictive attributes defined by resource engineering. The second takes advantage of word embeddings from video descriptions and titles. We experimented with the proposed techniques in a set of videos from GloboPlay, the largest provider of video streaming services in Latin America. A combination of engineering features and embeddings using the Random Forest algorithm achieved the best result, with an accuracy of 87%.

Aim To investigate whether live video streaming from the bystander’s smartphone to a medical dispatcher can improve the quality of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Methods After CPR was initiated, live video was added to the communication by the medical dispatcher using smartphone technology. From the video recordings, we subjectively evaluated changes in CPR quality after the medical dispatcher had used live video to dispatcher-assisted CPR (DA-CPR). CPR quality was registered for each bystander and compared with CPR quality after video-instructed DA-CPR. Data were analysed using logistic regression adjusted for bystander’s relation to the patient and whether the arrest was witnessed. Results CPR was provided with live video streaming in 52 OHCA calls, with 90 bystanders who performed chest compressions. Hand position was incorrect for 38 bystanders (42.2%) and improved for 23 bystanders (60.5%) after video-instructed DA-CPR. The compression rate was incorrect for 36 bystanders (40.0%) and improved for 27 bystanders (75.0%). Compression depth was incorrect for 57 bystanders (63.3%) and improved for 33 bystanders (57.9%). The adjusted odds ratios for improved CPR after video-instructed DA-CPR were; hand position 5.8 (95% CI: 2.8–12.1), compression rate 7.7 (95% CI: 3.4–17.3), and compression depth 7.1 (95% CI: 3.9–12.9). Hands-off time was reduced for 34 (37.8%) bystanders. Conclusions Live video streaming from the scene of a cardiac arrest to medical dispatchers is feasible. It allowed an opportunity for dispatchers to coach those providing CPR which was associated with a subjectively evaluated improvement in CPR performance.

Background: After general anesthesia, many pediatric patients present with emergence delirium (ED). The aim of this study was to determine whether dexmedetomidine intranasal premedication accompanied by a cartoon video 30 min before general anesthesia would have an effect on reducing emergence delirium in preschool children.Methods: One hundred and forty children aged 3–6 year undergoing elective strabismus surgery were randomly to be premedicated with 2 μg kg−1 intranasal dexmedetomidine accompanied by the viewing of a cartoon video (Group DV) or without any premedication as usual (Group C). The primary outcome was the incidence of emergence delirium at the postanesthesia care unit (PACU), evaluated by the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scale. The secondary outcomes included: the Modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (mYPAS) upon separation from parents; the Induction Compliance Checklist score (ICC); the PACU discharge time; the parental satisfaction score; the incidences of the side effects and the Post-Hospital Behavior Questionnaire (PHBQ) score during the first day after surgery.Results: The incidence of emergence agitation (PAED score ≥ 10) was reduced in Group DV compared with Group C [8 (11.4%) vs. 24 (34.3%); P = 0.001]. None of the patients in the DV group experienced severe emergence agitation (PAED score ≥ 15), as compared with the C group (P = 0.006). The mYPAS score upon separation from parents (P < 0.001) and the incidence of poor coordination (ICC ≥ 4) during induction (P < 0.001) were significantly lower in Group DV than in Group C. In Group DV, the PACU discharge time was longer (P < 0.001), and the parental satisfaction score was higher (P < 0.001). However, during the first day after surgery, the PHBQ score was lower in Group DV compared with Group C (P = 0.001).Conclusions: Premedication with 2 μg kg−1 intranasal dexmedetomidine accompanied by cartoon video viewing can dramatically reduce emergence delirium in preschool children undergoing strabismus surgery, relieve preoperative anxiety and improve the parental satisfaction and the postoperative behavior changes during the first day after surgery.Clinical Trial Registration: ChiCTR2000030678.

Background The internet has changed the way both physicians and patients search for health information. WebSurg® is a valuable source of information that informs surgeons about new technologies and techniques and aims to promote quality, safety, and patient-centered care. In this study, our aim is to evaluate the popularity, quality, transparency, and accuracy of videos about minimally invasive video-assisted parathyroidectomy (MIVAP). Materials and methods A total of 31 videos related to MIVAP returned by the WebSurg® search engine in response to the keywords “MIVAP”, “video assisted parathyroidectomy’’, and “minimally invasive parathyroidectomy’’ were included in this study. Videos were evaluated in terms of time since upload, run time, country, academic degree, and the number of views and likes. The popularity of videos was determined by the video power index (VPI) formula. The DISCERN questionnaire score (DISCERNqs), global quality score (GQSc), and Journal of American Medical Association benchmark criteria (JAMABC) scoring systems were used to analyze WebSurg® videos for reliability and quality. Results The academic degree of the members was MD in 90.32% of uploaded videos. Forty-eight point thirty-eight percent (48.38%) of the videos were uploaded by members from France. There was no significant difference between the DISCERNqs, JAMABC, GQSc, and MIVAP scoring system (MIVAP-SS) scores in terms of academic degree and country. A statistically significant negative correlation was found between the time since upload and the VPI score (r=-0.683, p

Bismuth iodoform paraffin paste (BIPP) gauze is widely used as an antiseptic wound packing in otolaryngology, head, and neck surgery. Uncommonly, BIPP can cause intoxication. Our report highlights an elderly patient who developed encephalopathy and overt myoclonus after nasopharyngectomy secondary to intoxication by the components of the BIPP gauze. The patient’s impaired renal function, the amount of BIPP packing and the extensive nature of his wound likely predisposed him to BIPP toxicity. The myoclonus and delirium resolved promptly after removal of the BIPP packs. Clinicians should be aware of the clinical features of BIPP intoxication because of its common usage.

Objective: This study aimed to identify differences in vestibulo-ocular reflex gain (VOR gain) and saccadic response in the suppression head impulse paradigm (SHIMP) between predictable and less predictable head movements, in a group of healthy subjects. It was hypothesized that higher prediction could lead to a lower VOR gain, a shorter saccadic latency, and higher grouping of saccades.Methods: Sixty-two healthy subjects were tested using the video head impulse test and SHIMPs in four conditions: active and passive head movements for both inward and outward directions. VOR gain, latency of the first saccade, and the level of saccade grouping (PR-score) were compared among conditions. Inward and active head movements were considered to be more predictable than outward and passive head movements.Results: After validation, results of 57 tested subjects were analyzed. Mean VOR gain was significantly lower for inward passive compared with outward passive head impulses (p < 0.001), and it was higher for active compared with passive head impulses (both inward and outward) (p ≤ 0.024). Mean latency of the first saccade was significantly shorter for inward active compared with inward passive (p ≤ 0.001) and for inward passive compared with outward passive head impulses (p = 0.012). Mean PR-score was only significantly higher in active outward than in active inward head impulses (p = 0.004).Conclusion: For SHIMP, a higher predictability in head movements lowered gain only in passive impulses and shortened latencies of compensatory saccades overall. For active impulses, gain calculation was affected by short-latency compensatory saccades, hindering reliable comparison with gains of passive impulses. Predictability did not substantially influence grouping of compensatory saccades.

Background To bridge the physical distance between parents and children during a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) stay, webcams are used in few German NICUs. They allow parents to view their infant even when they cannot be present on the ward. The aim of the study was to explore the factors for and against webcam use that parents with or without webcam use encountered. Methods Guideline-based, semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted in the period from September 2019 to August 2020. Interview transcripts were analysed using a category-based content analysis. The categories were generated in a combined deductive–inductive procedure. Results We interviewed 33 mothers and seven fathers. Parents with webcam experience emphasised positive aspects concerning their webcam use. Factors that increased webcam acceptance included feeling certain about the child’s well-being and an increased sense of proximity. Only a few critical voices emerged from parents who had webcam experience, e.g. regarding privacy concerns. Parents who had no experience with webcam use showed ambivalence. On the one hand, they expressed a positive attitude towards the webcam system and acknowledged that webcam use could result in feelings of control. On the other hand, reservations emerged concerning an increase of mental stress or a negative influence on parental visitation behaviour. Conclusion In addition to the parents’ positive experiences with webcam use, results show a need within parents who lacked webcam experience. Despite some criticism, it was evident that webcam use was primarily seen as an opportunity to counteract the negative consequences of separation in the postnatal phase. Trial registration The Neo-CamCare study is registered at the German Clinical Trials Register. DRKS-ID: DRKS00017755. Date of Registration in DRKS: 25-09-2019.

Reflective displays or “electronic paper” technologies provide a solution to the high energy consumption of emissive displays by simply utilizing ambient light. However, it has proven challenging to develop electronic paper with competitive image quality and video speed capabilities. Here, the first technology that provides video speed switching of structural colors with high contrast over the whole visible is shown. Importantly, this is achieved with a broadband‐absorbing polarization‐insensitive electrochromic polymer instead of liquid crystals, which makes it possible to maintain high reflectivity. It is shown that promoting electrophoretic ion transport (drift motion) improves the switch speed. In combination with new nanostructures that have high surface curvature, this enables video speed switching (20 ms) at high contrast (50% reflectivity change). A detailed analysis of the optical signal during switching shows that the polaron formation starts to obey first order reaction kinetics in the video speed regime. Additionally, the system still operates at ultralow power consumption during video speed switching (

Simulation is an essential component of healthcare education as it enables educators to replicate clinical scenarios in a controlled learning environment. Simulation has traditionally been conducted in-person through the use of manikins, however, the COVID-19 pandemic has challenged the practice of manikin simulation. Social distance constraints were enforced during the pandemic to reduce the potential spread of the virus and as a result, many educators and students were denied physical access to their universities' simulation facilities. Healthcare educators sought remote alternatives to manikin simulation and many resorted to instructional videos to educate their learners. While the use of videos increases safety, passively watching videos lacks interactivity which is an important component of simulation learning. In response to these challenges, we developed an interactive video simulation software that uses educators' existing video content to conduct a simulation remotely, thereby promoting safety during the pandemic while also meeting the interactivity standards of best practice for healthcare simulation. In this paper, we compare the interactive video simulation to the current practice of watching non-interactive video of a simulation using the same content. We found that interactivity promotes higher order learning, increases teamwork and enhances the perception of authenticity. Additionally, the majority of participants demonstrated positive reception of the interactive simulation. The simulation software provides the safety desired of a remote simulation during the pandemic while also engaging students in interactive learning experiences.