Search

The experiment explores the moderating role of 'beautiful-is-good' belief in the relationship between genderless appeals and preference for highly aesthetic products.

The experiment explores 1) the relationship between a crowdfunding project creator's identity multiplicity signaling on donors' willingness to support for the project; and 2) the mediating role of perceived entrepreneurial resilience in the relationship.

A 24-GHz fully integrated frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) direct conversion transceiver, implemented in a 55-nm low-power CMOS technology with a maximum $f_{\mathrm {T}}$ of 190 GHz in typical operating conditions and packaged in a 5-mm $\times $ 5-mm 32-lead quad-flat no-leads (QFN) package, is presented in this article. The single-chip transceiver uses a single 2.5-V supply while all the core circuits are powered by integrated regulators. The complex low-noise transductor in the receiver uses a quadrature hybrid to generate quadrature signals in the receiving front-end. The analog signal processing circuits including high-pass filters, low-pass filters, and programmable amplifiers are implemented following the receiver front-end circuitry. The FMCW signals are generated by an on-chip 24-GHz fractional-N frequency synthesizer. The synthesizer is completely integrated with the transceiver and provides built-in digital frequency modulation to generate chirping signals for the down-conversion local oscillator (LO) and the transmitted signals. The transmitter is composed of a balanced class-AB power amplifier driven by the FMCW signals from the frequency synthesizer.

We are interested in whether the visual ordering of ratings will have an impact on people's expectations for future events. We utilize the English proficiency test as the experimental scenario.

The study investigates the effect of signaling multiple identities on interpersonal trust.

an experiment preregisteration for the project — the influence of genderless appeal on searching for aethetic attribute information

As a sequel to another paper of the authors on welding-induced initial deformations [1], this paper aimed to obtain a direct measurement database of welding-induced biaxial residual stresses in a full-scale steel stiffened plate structure and also to study the applicability of computational models to predict them. A full-scale steel stiffened plate structure in association with plate panels in bottom structures of an as-built containership carrying 1900 TEU was fabricated using exactly the same welding technology as used in today’s shipbuilding industry. The X-ray diffraction method was employed to measure the biaxial residual stress distributions in the plating. In addition to simple formula estimations, computational models using the three-dimensional thermo-elastic-plastic finite element method were applied to predict the biaxial residual stress distributions. A comparison between full-scale measurements, numerical predictions and simple formula estimations was made. Details of the full-scale measurements are documented as they can be useful to validate the computational models formulated by other researchers.

Objective: The objective of the study is to evaluate functional outcomes and community reintegration of disaster survivors in Pakistan. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study of community-based participants at the Armed Forces Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Pakistan. The medical records were screened for eligibility of adults with disaster-related disability. Participants were interviewed in ambulatory clinics using validated measures: Neurological-Trauma Impairment Scale (NIS-Trauma), International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health-Generic Set, Community Integration Measure (CIM), Community Integration Questionnaire (CIQ), and EuroQol 5-Dimension 5-Level. Results: Participants were (n = 117, mean age = 35 years) with postdisaster injury up to 17 years; the majority had spinal cord injury (n = 62; 53%) and amputations (n = 44; 38%). At assessment, 80% were independent with mobility (with aids) and 29% with everyday living activities. They reported ongoing fatigue (54.7%), altered sensations (51.28%), and pain (50.43%), but fewer problems with mood and emotions. The impairment severity negatively impacted community activities (NIS-Trauma vs. CIQ: P < 0.001). As impairments improved with time (NIS-Trauma vs. time since injury: P = 0.003), so did community reintegration (time since injury vs. CIQ; P < 0.001) and perceived health status (time since injury vs. EuroQol; P = 0.001). Conclusion: Many participants reported various ongoing disability-related issues; however, majority were dependent with everyday living activities and well adapted in the community. Further robust studies are needed for evaluation of longer-term impact of the disability in disaster victims for the comprehensive healthcare in the community.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) arising from extremity chronic osteomyelitis (COM) has not been well-understood due to its low prevalence. This study aimed to synthesize the cases recently published to clarify their clinical characteristics, treatment, and prognosis. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for English literature reporting cases diagnosed of SCC originating from extremity COM between January 1, 1990, and September 30, 2019. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) assessment tool was used to evaluate the quality of reports included, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was applied to summarize the quality of available evidence. The data synthesized for analysis were clinical features, treatment strategy, and incidences of local recurrence, metastasis, all-cause, and SCC-related deaths. In addition, potential factors that might have influenced treatment efficacy and prognosis of SCC were also investigated. Included for this analysis were 60 studies of 176 patients (a male-to-female ratio of 6.7). COM mostly occurred following trauma (73%), the tibia was the most frequent site (61%), and a sinus tract was the most common symptom (61%). The mean duration from COM to SCC was 27 years. Positive rate of pathogen culture was 90%, with 73% being polymicrobial. Limb amputation was performed in 80.5% of the patients. Incidences of local recurrence, metastasis after treatment, all-cause, and SCC-related mortalities were 16.7%, 12%, 31.1%, and 12.6%, respectively. Patients with local lymphadenopathy at diagnosis had significantly higher risks of local recurrence (P = 0.01), SCC-related (P = 0.02), and all-cause deaths (P = 0.01) than those without. Patients with moderately-to-poorly differentiated SCC types had significantly higher risks of local recurrence (P = 0.01) and all-cause death (P = 0.02) than those with a well-differentiated type. SCC arising from extremity COM favoured males and the tibia. Although limb amputation was the mainstay of treatment, the overall incidences of local recurrence, metastasis, and SCC-related death exceeded 10%. Patients with local lymphadenopathy at diagnosis of SCC and those with moderately-to-poorly differentiated SCC types should be followed up closely. CRD42020154221

This case-control study aimed to investigate potential associations between interleukin (IL) gene polymorphisms and the risks of developing extremity posttraumatic osteomyelitis (PTOM) in Chinese Han population. Altogether, 189 PTOM patients and 200 healthy controls were genotyped of IL-1α (rs17561, rs1800587), IL-1β (rs16944, rs1143627, rs1143634, rs2853550), IL-1RN (rs4251961, rs419598, rs315951), IL-4 (rs2243248, rs2243250), IL-6 (rs1800795, rs1800796, rs1800797), IL-8 (rs4073, rs2227306, rs2227307), IL-10 (rs3024491, rs3024496, rs1800871, rs1800872, rs1800896), IL-17A (rs2275913), and IL-17F (rs763780) using the SNaPshot genotyping method. Statistical differences were observed regarding the genotype distributions of rs16944 (P=0.049) and rs4251961 (P=0.007) between the patients and healthy controls. In addition, significant associations were found between rs16944 and the risk of PTOM development by dominant (OR=1.854, P=0.017), homozygous (OR=1.831, P=0.041), and heterozygous (OR=1.869, P=0.022) models, and of rs1143627 by dominant (OR=1.735, P=0.032) and homozygous (OR=1.839, P=0.040) models. Moreover, significant links were also identified between rs4251961 and the susceptibility to PTOM by dominant (OR=0.446, P=0.005) and heterozygous (OR=0.409, P=0.003) models, and of rs1800796 by dominant (OR=4.184, P=0.029), homozygous (OR=4.378, P=0.026), and heterozygous (OR=3.834, P=0.046) models. The present outcomes demonstrated that rs16944, rs1143627, and rs1800796 associate with increased risks, while rs4251961 links to a decreased risk of PTOM development in Chinese Han population.

Inflammation is an immune response that protects against pathogens and cellular stress. The hallmark of inflammatory responses is inflammasome activation in response to various stimuli. This subsequently activates downstream effectors, that is, inflammatory caspases such as caspase-1, 4, 5, 11, and 12. Extensive efforts have been made on developing effective and safe anti-inflammatory therapeutics, and ginseng has long been traditionally used as efficacious and safe herbal medicine in treating various inflammatory and inflammation-mediated diseases. Many studies have successfully shown that ginseng plays an anti-inflammatory role by inhibiting inflammasomes and inflammasome-activated inflammatory caspases. This review discusses the regulatory roles of ginseng on inflammatory caspases in inflammatory responses and also suggests new research areas on the anti-inflammatory function of ginseng, which provides a novel insight into the development of ginseng as an effective and safe anti-inflammatory herbal medicine. Keywords: Ginseng, Ginsenoside, Inflammasome, Inflammation, Inflammatory caspase

Tumor-derived exosomes (TEXs) contain enriched miRNAs that act as novel non-invasive biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and play a role in cancer progression. We investigated the exosomal miRNAs that affect cancer progression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and identified the specific molecules involved. We identified that specific miRNAs in NSCLC cell-released exosomes can modulate angiogenesis, among which miR-619-5p was the most potent inducer. RCAN1.4 was identified as a target of miR-619-5p and its suppression promoted angiogenesis. Furthermore, the suppression of RCAN1.4 induced cell proliferation and metastasis in NSCLC cells. In patients with NSCLC, the level of RCAN1.4 expression was significantly lower, and that of miR-619-5p significantly higher, in tumor than normal lung tissues. miR-619-5p expression was higher than normal in exosomes isolated from the plasma of NSCLC patients. Finally, hypoxic conditions induced miR-619-5p upload into NSCLC cell-derived exosomes. Our findings indicate that exosomal miR-619-5p promotes the growth and metastasis of NSCLCs by regulating RCAN1.4 and can serve as a diagnostic indicator for these lung cancers.

The number of digital healthcare mobile applications in the market is exponentially increasing owing to the development of mobile networks and widespread usage of smartphones. However, only few of these applications have been adequately validated. Like many mobile applications, in general, the use of healthcare applications is considered safe; thus, developers and end users can easily exchange them in the marketplace. However, existing platforms are unsuitable for collecting reliable data for evaluating the effectiveness of the applications. Moreover, these platforms reflect only the perspectives of developers and experts, and not of end users. For instance, typical clinical trial data collection methods are not appropriate for participant-driven assessment of healthcare applications because of their complexity and high cost. Thus, we identified the need for a participant-driven data collection platform for end users that is interpretable, systematic, and sustainable, as a first step to validate the effectiveness of the applications. To collect reliable data in the participatory trial format, we defined distinct stages for data preparation, storage, and sharing. The interpretable data preparation consists of a protocol database system and semantic feature retrieval method that allow a person without professional knowledge to create a protocol. The systematic data storage stage includes calculation of the collected data reliability weight. For sustainable data collection, we integrated a weight method and a future reward distribution function. We validated the methods through statistical tests involving 718 human participants. The results of a validation experiment demonstrate that the compared methods differ significantly and prove that the choice of an appropriate method is essential for reliable data collection, to facilitate effectiveness validation of digital healthcare applications. Furthermore, we created a Web-based system for our pilot platform to collect reliable data in an integrated pipeline. We compared the platform features using existing clinical and pragmatic trial data collection platforms.

Objective: To assess the preparedness among medical rehabilitation professionals for deployment to disaster settings and to establish a rehabilitation professional database for disaster training and deployment under the auspices of the International Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (ISPRM). Methods: A survey tool for preparedness for deployment to disaster settings was developed by the authors following approval from the Rehabilitation Medicine Society of Australia and New Zealand (RMSANZ) and ISPRM. The link to the online survey was distributed by email to members through the RMSANZ and Central Office of ISPRM. Participants were registered rehabilitation professionals who were members of the RMSANZ and/or ISPRM. The survey was voluntary. Results: Of the 76 respondents, the majority (94%) were rehabilitation physicians, 72% had >10 years of experience in rehabilitation medicine, 63% expressed an interest in future deployment, and only 24% had some disaster management training in the past. Almost all who expressed an interest in deployment wanted to receive any relevant disaster management training and education before deployment; others were interested in potential opportunities and expectations in disaster management, mitigation, communication, team structure, and telemedicine utilization. Conclusion: Surveying a larger cohort of rehabilitation professionals and documentation of context-specific rehabilitation skills relevant to disaster settings are needed. Establishment of a database of rehabilitation professionals, willing to be deployed, should be considered to assist with the integration of the rehabilitation workforce within the World Health Organization Emergency Medical Team Initiative.

In recent years, oil and gas pipes and risers in deep sea reservoirs are required to have high resistance to collapse. This paper reports the comprehensive investigation of the residual stress dist...

Rehabilitation plays a crucial role in natural disasters owing to the significant upsurge of survivors with complex and long-term disabling injuries. Rehabilitation professionals can minimize mortality, decrease disability, and improve clinical outcomes and participation. In disaster-prone countries, skilled rehabilitation workforce and services are either limited and/or comprehensive rehabilitation-inclusive disaster management plans are yet to be developed. The World Health Organization Emergency Medical Team initiative and guidelines provide structure and standardization to prepare, plan, and provide effective and coordinated care during disasters. Many challenges remain for implementation of these standards in disaster settings and integrating rehabilitation personnel.

Background: Migration is at an all-time high worldwide, and despite increased focus on international migrants, there is little evidence about internal migrants’ exposures to socioeconomic, occupational, and environmental risk factors in low-and middle-income countries. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine differences in occupational health and access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) between internal migrants and non-migrants. Methods: A face-to-face survey (n = 937) was conducted in Mandalay, Myanmar. Bivariate and multivariate analysis included traditional social determinants such as education, income, occupation, gender, age, and location in addition to internal migration status. Findings: The majority of internal migrants (23% of the total sample) were labor migrants (67.3%), and while common social determinants (e.g., household income, education, and gender) were not statistically different between migrants and non-migrants, these groups reported different occupational profiles (p < 0.001). Migrants had higher odds of being street vendors (AOR = 2.26; 95% CI 1.33–3.85; p = 0.003) and were less likely to work labor jobs such as in factories or construction (AOR = 0.44; 95% CI 0.19–1.00; p = 0.051) when controlling for age, gender, education, and location. Internal migrants had significantly greater probabilities of experiencing some injuries and illness symptoms, such as cuts, vomiting, coughing, heatstroke, and diarrhea at work (p < 0.001). Compared to non-migrants, migrants’ households were approximately three times more likely (AOR = 3.45; 95% CI 2.17–5.62; p < 0.001) to have an unimproved source of drinking water and twice as likely (AOR = 1.98; 95% CI 1.10–3.58; p < 0.05) to have unimproved sanitation facilities in their homes. Conclusions: The results underscore the importance of considering internal migration as an aspect of social determinants analyses, and the need for targeting appropriate WASH interventions to address inequities.

The study objective was to examine barriers and facilitators of maternal health services utilization in Myanmar with the highest maternal mortality ratio in Southeast Asia. Data for 258 mothers with children under five were extracted from a community health survey administered between 2016 and 2017 in Mandalay, the largest city in central Myanmar, and analyzed for associations between determinants of maternal health care choices and related outcomes. The study showed that late antenatal care was underutilized (41.7%), and antenatal care attendance was significantly associated with geographical setting, household income, education, and access to transportation (p &le, 0.05). Less than one-third of women gave birth at home and 18.5% of them did so without the assistance of traditional birth attendants. Household education level was a significant predictor for home delivery (p &lt, 0.01). Utilization of postnatal care services was irregular (47.9%&ndash, 70.9%) and strongly associated with women&rsquo, s places of delivery (p &lt, 0.01). Efforts geared towards improving maternal health outcomes should focus on supporting traditional birth attendants in their role of facilitating high-quality care and helping women reach traditional health facilities, as well as on maternal health literacy based on culturally appropriate communication.

There is a strong consensus among humanitarian response authorities for a need for global action by professional organizations to work toward developing a structured approach to provide a coordinated international response during sudden-onset disasters. The aim of this report was to develop a Disaster Rehabilitation Response Plan to enable International Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine to provide leadership and governance role in liaison/coordination with the WHO emergency medical team initiative and other relevant stakeholders to provide rehabilitation input during sudden-onset disasters. The proposed plan uses a "three-tier approach": tier 1, immediate disaster response at a national/international level; tier 2, organization and deployment of rehabilitation personnel; and tier 3, rehabilitation management of disaster survivors and community reintegration. The International Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (and its subcommittee, the Disaster Rehabilitation Committee), categorized in the tier 2, could provide central leadership role working for the rehabilitation subcluster within the WHO emergency medical team initiative (tier 1) and support in coordination, preparation, and management of rehabilitation teams and/or members for deployment to sudden-onset disasters. The Disaster Rehabilitation Committee could also contribute to advocacy, training, and accreditation processes for rehabilitation professionals. The challenge ahead is commitment of countries worldwide to develop comprehensive rehabilitation-inclusive approach to ensure effective delivery of services to communities at risk.

This review aim to provide an overview of recommendations and quality of existing clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for the management of traumatic brain injury (TBI) from the rehabilitation perspective. Comprehensive literature search, including health databases, CPG clearinghouse/developer websites, and grey literature using Internet search engines up to September 2017. All TBI CPGs published in the last decade were selected if their scope included management of TBI, systematic methods for evidence search, clear defined recommendations, and supporting evidence for rehabilitation interventions. Three authors independently critically appraised the quality of included CPGs using the Appraisal of Guidelines, Research, and Evaluation II (AGREE II) Instrument. Four of 13 potential CPGs met the inclusion criteria. Despite variation in scope, target population, size, and guideline development processes, all four CPGs assessed were good quality (AGREE score of 5-7/7). Key rehabilitation recommendations included education, physical rehabilitation, integrated computer-based management, repetitive task-specific practice in daily living activities, safe equipment usage, cognitive/behavioral feedback, compensatory memory/visual strategies, swallowing/communication, and psychological input for TBI survivors. In conclusion, although rehabilitation is an integral component in TBI management, many published CPGs do not include rehabilitation. These CPGs, however, recommend comprehensive, flexible coordinated multidisciplinary care and appropriate follow-up, education, and support for patients with TBI (and carers).

Objective: To evaluate published traumatic brain injury (TBI) clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) and assess rehabilitation intervention recommendations for applicability in disaster settings. Methods: Recommendations for rehabilitation interventions were synthesized from currently published TBI CPGs, developed by the Department of Labor and Employment (DLE); Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN); Department of Veterans Affairs/Department of Defence (DVA/DOD); and American Occupational Therapy Association (AOTA). Three authors independently extracted, compared, and categorized evidence-based rehabilitation intervention recommendations from these CPGs for applicability in disaster settings. Results: The key recommendations from a rehabilitation perspective for TBI survivors in disaster settings included patient/carer education, general physical therapy, practice in daily living activities and safe equipment use, direct cognitive/behavioral feedback, basic compensatory memory/visual strategies, basic swallowing/communication, and psychological input. More advanced interventions are generally not applicable following disasters due to limited access to services, trained staff/resources, equipment, funding, and operational issues. Conclusions: Many recommendations for TBI care are challenging to implement in disaster settings due to complexities related to the environment, resources, service provision, workforce, and other reasons. Further research is needed to identify and address barriers for implementation.

Panax ginseng, known as Koran ginseng, one of the most commonly used traditional plants, has been demonstrated to show a wide range of pharmacological applications. Ginsenosides are the major active ingredients found in ginseng and are responsible for the biological and pharmacological activities, such as antioxidation, antiinflammation, vasorelaxation, and anticancer actions. Existing studies have mostly focused on identifying and purifying single ginsenosides and investigating pharmacological activities and molecular mechanisms in cells and animal models. However, ginsenoside studies based on clinical trials have been very limited. Therefore, this review aimed to discuss the currently available clinical trials on ginsenosides and provide insights and future directions for developing ginsenosides as efficacious and safe drugs for human disease. Keywords: Clinical trial, Ginseng, Ginsenoside, Protopanaxadiol, Protopanaxatriol

Background/objectives The assessment of nutritional status and the quality of life in patients with gastric cancer has become one of the important goals of current clinical treatment. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutritional status in hospitalized gastric cancer patients by using patient-generated subjective global assessment (PG-SGA) and to analyze the influence of nutritional status on the patients’ quality of life (QOL). Methods We reviewed the pathological diagnosis of gastric cancer for 2322 hospitalized patients using PG-SGA to assess their nutritional status and collected data on clinical symptoms, the anthropometric parameters (height, weight, body mass index (BMI), mid-arm circumference (MAC), triceps skin-fold thickness (TSF), and hand-grip strength (HGS). We also collected laboratory data (prealbumin, albumin, hemoglobin) within 48 h after the patient was admitted to the hospital. The 30-item European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) was used for QOL assessment in all patients. Results By using PG-SGA, we found 80.4% of the patients were malnourished (score ≥ 4) and 45.1% of the patients required urgent nutritional support (score ≥ 9). In univariate analysis, old age (> 65 years, p

The aim of this paper is to derive an empirical formulation for predicting welding-induced biaxial compressive residual stresses in welded steel plate panels. A test database for full-scale models ...

ObjectiveTo investigate the inherent clinical risks associated with the presence of cerebral microhemorrhages (CMHs) or cerebral microbleeds and characterize individuals at high risk for developing hemorrhagic amyloid-related imaging abnormality (ARIA-H), we longitudinally evaluated families with dominantly inherited Alzheimer disease (DIAD).MethodsMutation carriers (n = 310) and noncarriers (n = 201) underwent neuroimaging, including gradient echo MRI sequences to detect CMHs, and neuropsychological and clinical assessments. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses evaluated relationships between CMHs and neuroimaging and clinical markers of disease.ResultsThree percent of noncarriers and 8% of carriers developed CMHs primarily located in lobar areas. Carriers with CMHs were older, had higher diastolic blood pressure and Hachinski ischemic scores, and more clinical, cognitive, and motor impairments than those without CMHs. APOE ε4 status was not associated with the prevalence or incidence of CMHs. Prevalent or incident CMHs predicted faster change in Clinical Dementia Rating although not composite cognitive measure, cortical thickness, hippocampal volume, or white matter lesions. Critically, the presence of 2 or more CMHs was associated with a significant risk for development of additional CMHs over time (8.95 ± 10.04 per year).ConclusionOur study highlights factors associated with the development of CMHs in individuals with DIAD. CMHs are a part of the underlying disease process in DIAD and are significantly associated with dementia. This highlights that in participants in treatment trials exposed to drugs, which carry the risk of ARIA-H as a complication, it may be challenging to separate natural incidence of CMHs from drug-related CMHs.

The immune system has been increasingly recognized as a major contributor in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). The double-edged nature of the immune system poses a problem in harnessing immunomodulatory therapies to prevent and slow the progression of this debilitating disease. To tackle this conundrum, understanding the mechanisms underlying immune-mediated neuronal death will aid in the identification of neuroprotective strategies to preserve dopaminergic neurons. Specific innate and adaptive immune mediators may directly or indirectly induce dopaminergic neuronal death. Genetic factors, the gut-brain axis and the recent identification of PD-specific T cells may provide novel mechanistic insights on PD pathogenesis. Future studies to address the gaps in the identification of autoantibodies, variability in immunophenotyping studies and the contribution of gut dysbiosis to PD may eventually provide new therapeutic targets for PD.

Since the original description of adrenal insufficiency by Thomas Addison in 1855, there has been an exponential growth in the understanding of adrenal gland biology and its role in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Despite this, the mainstay of therapeutic glucocorticoid replacement for most clinicians has remained unchanged for nearly 50 years. More recently, there has been better recognition of the morbidity and mortality associated with current approaches and the challenges to tackle in reducing this and improving clinical outcomes. In this review, we have summarised the history of glucocorticoid replacement therapy from its nascence in the 1930s, through common practice and culminating in more recent glucocorticoid replacement strategies plus the potential of stem cell therapy in the future.

Neuroimaging studies have revealed that the structural changes of the corpus callosum (CC) are evident in a variety of neurological diseases, such as epilepsy and autism. Segmentation of the CC from magnetic resonance images (MRI) of the brain is a crucial step in the diagnosis of various brain disorders. However, the lack of open benchmark CC datasets has hindered development of CC segmentation techniques. In this work, we present an open benchmark dataset - OpenCC - for CC segmentation and evaluation. The dataset was built through alternative application of automatic segmentation and manual refinement. The automatic segmentation is based on recent advances in deep learning - fully convolutional networks, specifically U-Net, while the manual refinement is done by domain radiologists. The resulting dataset consists of 4643 mid-sagittal (or near mid-sagittal) slices and their corresponding CC masks. Furthermore, we provided some baseline segmentation results on the OpenCC dataset by using two latest deep learning segmentation approaches. The OpenCC dataset can be used for comparison and evaluation of newly developed CC segmentation algorithms. We endeavor that, through the publishing of the OpenCC dataset and baseline segmentation results, we could promote further development of CC segmentation techniques.

A clinical trial protocol defines the procedures that should be performed during a clinical trial. Every clinical trial begins with the design of its protocol. While designing the protocol, most researchers refer to electronic databases and extract protocol elements using a keyword search. However, state-of-the-art retrieval systems only offer text-based searches for user-entered keywords. In this study, we present an interactive retrieval system with a context-dependent and protocol-element-selection function for successfully designing a clinical trial protocol. To do this, we first introduce a database for a protocol retrieval system constructed from individual protocol data extracted from 184,634 clinical trials and 13,210 frame structures of clinical trial protocols. The database contains various semantic information that enables the protocols to be filtered during the search operation. Based on the database, we developed a web application called the clinical trial protocol database system (CLIPS; available at https://corus.kaist.edu/clips), which enables an interactive search by utilizing protocol elements. CLIPS provides the options to select the next element according to the previous element in the form of a connected tree, thus enabling an interactive search for combinations of protocol elements. The validation results show that our method achieves better performance than existing databases in predicting phenotypic features.

Emerging molecular diagnosis requires ultrafast polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on chip for rapid precise detection of infectious diseases in the point-of-care test. Here, we report nanoplasmonic on-chip PCR for rapid precision molecular diagnostics. The nanoplasmonic pillar arrays (NPA) comprise gold nanoislands on the top and sidewall of large-scale glass nanopillar arrays. The nanoplasmonic pillars enhance light absorption of a white light-emitting diode (LED) over the whole visible range due to strong electromagnetic hotspots between the nanoislands. As a result, they effectively induce photothermal heating for ultrafast PCR thermal cycling. The temperature profile of NPA exhibits 30 cycles between 98 and 60 °C for a total of 3 min and 30 s during the cyclic excitation of white LED light. The experimental results also demonstrate the rapid DNA amplification of both 0.1 ng μL-1 of λ-DNA in 20 thermal cycles and 0.1 ng μL-1 of complementary DNA of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in 30 thermal cycles using a conventional PCR volume of 15 μL. This nanoplasmonic PCR technique provides a new opportunity for rapid precision molecular diagnostics.

The number of digital healthcare mobile apps on the market is increasing exponentially owing to the development of the mobile network and widespread usage of smartphones. However, only a few of these apps have undergone adequate validation. As with many mobile apps, healthcare apps are generally considered safe to use, making them easy for developers and end-users to exchange them in the marketplace. The existing platforms are not suitable to collect reliable data for evaluating the effectiveness of the apps. Moreover, these platforms only reflect the perspectives of developers and experts, not of end-users. For instance, data collection methods typical of clinical trials are not appropriate for participant-driven assessment of healthcare apps because of their complexity and high cost. Thus, we identified a need for a participant-driven data collection platform for end-users that is interpretable, systematic, and sustainable —as a first step to validate the effectiveness of the apps. To collect reliable data in the participatory trial format, we defined distinct stages for data preparation, storage, and sharing. Interpretable data preparation consists of a protocol database system and semantic feature retrieval method to create a protocol without professional knowledge. Collected data reliability weight calculation belongs to the systematic data storage stage. For sustainable data collection, we integrated the weight method and the future reward distribution function. We validated the methods through statistical tests conducted on 718 human participants. The validation results demonstrate that the methods have significant differences in the comparative experiment and prove that the choice of the right method is essential for reliable data collection. Furthermore, we created a web-based system for our pilot platform to collect reliable data in an integrated pipeline. We validate the platform features with existing clinical and pragmatic trial data collection platforms. In conclusion, we show that the method and platform support reliable data collection, forging a path to effectiveness validation of digital healthcare apps.

Neurofilament light chain (NfL) is a protein that is selectively expressed in neurons. Increased levels of NfL measured in either cerebrospinal fluid or blood is thought to be a biomarker of neuronal damage in neurodegenerative diseases. However, there have been limited investigations relating NfL to the concurrent measures of white matter (WM) decline that it should reflect. White matter damage is a common feature of Alzheimer's disease. We hypothesized that serum levels of NfL would associate with WM lesion volume and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics cross-sectionally in 117 autosomal dominant mutation carriers (MC) compared to 84 non-carrier (NC) familial controls as well as in a subset (N = 41) of MC with longitudinal NfL and MRI data. In MC, elevated cross-sectional NfL was positively associated with WM hyperintensity lesion volume, mean diffusivity, radial diffusivity, and axial diffusivity and negatively with fractional anisotropy. Greater change in NfL levels in MC was associated with larger changes in fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, and radial diffusivity, all indicative of reduced WM integrity. There were no relationships with NfL in NC. Our results demonstrate that blood-based NfL levels reflect WM integrity and supports the view that blood levels of NfL are predictive of WM damage in the brain. This is a critical result in improving the interpretability of NfL as a marker of brain integrity, and for validating this emerging biomarker for future use in clinical and research settings across multiple neurodegenerative diseases., Highlights • Serum NfL levels reflect white matter integrity in autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease. • Associations between NfL and white matter imaging are present throughout all brain regions. • Longitudinal white matter alterations are associated with changes in blood NfL. • Results improve interpretability of NfL as a marker of brain integrity.

Highlights • Cortical signatures selective to AD could provide an early MRI biomarker. • Autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease (ADAD) may model an ideal AD signature. • ADAD and late-onset maps overlap in parietal cortex but contain unique features. • Signatures predicted increasing amyloid within their own, but not across cohorts. • These results indicate atrophy in AD can take multiple spatial patterns., Defining a signature of cortical regions of interest preferentially affected by Alzheimer disease (AD) pathology may offer improved sensitivity to early AD compared to hippocampal volume or mesial temporal lobe alone. Since late-onset Alzheimer disease (LOAD) participants tend to have age-related comorbidities, the younger-onset age in autosomal dominant AD (ADAD) may provide a more idealized model of cortical thinning in AD. To test this, the goals of this study were to compare the degree of overlap between the ADAD and LOAD cortical thinning maps and to evaluate the ability of the ADAD cortical signature regions to predict early pathological changes in cognitively normal individuals. We defined and analyzed the LOAD cortical maps of cortical thickness in 588 participants from the Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center (Knight ADRC) and the ADAD cortical maps in 269 participants from the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network (DIAN) observational study. Both cohorts were divided into three groups: cognitively normal controls (nADRC = 381; nDIAN = 145), preclinical (nADRC = 153; nDIAN = 76), and cognitively impaired (nADRC = 54; nDIAN = 48). Both cohorts underwent clinical assessments, 3T MRI, and amyloid PET imaging with either 11C-Pittsburgh compound B or 18F-florbetapir. To generate cortical signature maps of cortical thickness, we performed a vertex-wise analysis between the cognitively normal controls and impaired groups within each cohort using six increasingly conservative statistical thresholds to determine significance. The optimal cortical map among the six statistical thresholds was determined from a receiver operating characteristic analysis testing the performance of each map in discriminating between the cognitively normal controls and preclinical groups. We then performed within-cohort and cross-cohort (e.g. ADAD maps evaluated in the Knight ADRC cohort) analyses to examine the sensitivity of the optimal cortical signature maps to the amyloid levels using only the cognitively normal individuals (cognitively normal controls and preclinical groups) in comparison to hippocampal volume. We found the optimal cortical signature maps were sensitive to early increases in amyloid for the asymptomatic individuals within their respective cohorts and were significant beyond the inclusion of hippocampus volume, but the cortical signature maps performed poorly when analyzing across cohorts. These results suggest the cortical signature maps are a useful MRI biomarker of early AD-related neurodegeneration in preclinical individuals and the pattern of decline differs between LOAD and ADAD.

Background. With continuous increase of the aging population, the number of geriatric patients with fragility hip fractures is rising sharply, and timely surgery remains the mainstay of treatment. However, adequate and effective pain control is the precondition of satisfactory efficacy. This systematic review aimed to summarize the use of fascia iliaca compartment block (FICB) as an analgesic strategy for perioperative pain management in geriatric patients with hip fractures. Methods. PubMed and Embase databases were searched for English published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting application of FICB for pain control of the older adults with hip fractures between January 1st, 2000, and May 31st, 2020. The modified Jadad scale was used to evaluate quality of the RCTs included. Primary outcomes of the eligible RCTs were presented and discussed. Results. A total of 27 RCTs with 2478 cases were included finally. The present outcomes suggested, after admission or in the emergency department (ED), FICB can provide patients with equal or even better pain relief compared with the conventional analgesia methods, which can also reduce additional analgesic consumptions. While, before positioning for spinal anesthesia (SA), FICB is able to offer superior pain control, facilitating SA performance, after surgery FICB can effectively alleviate pain with decreased use of additional analgesics, promoting earlier mobilization and preventing complications. Conclusions. FICB is a safe, reliable, and easy-to-conduct technique, which is able to provide adequate pain relief during perioperative management of geriatric patients with hip fractures.

To observe the effect of Zhen’ai needling method in Nei Jing (Classic of Internal Medicine) on quality of life in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR). A total of 99 patients with AR who met the inclusion criteria were randomized into a conventional needling group (51 cases) and a Zhen’ai needling group (48 cases). The conventional needling group was treated with acupuncture at Zusanli (ST 36), Hegu (LI 4), Juliao (ST 3), Yingxiang (LI 20), Yintang (GV 29), Shangxing (GV 23) and Baihui (GV 20). The Zhen’ai needling group added acupoints of Zhen’ai needling method {Lieque (LU 7), Shanglianquan [Extra, located at 1 cun above Lianquan (CV 23)] and Tianrong (SI 17)} in addition to points in the conventional needling group. The needles were retained for 30 min. The treatment was performed twice a week. All patients were assessed by total nasal symptom score (TNSS), total ocular symptom score (TOSS) and sino-nasal outcome test-20 (SNOT-20) before and after 15 treatments to evaluate the quality of life. The clinical efficacy was evaluated after 15 treatments. During the treatment, 8 cases dropped out in the conventional needling group and 7 cases in the Zhen’ai needling group. There were no significant differences in TNSS, TOSS and SNOT-20 scores between the two groups before treatment (all P>0.05). After treatment, the total effective rate of the Zhen’ai needling group was 92.7%, versus 88.4% in the conventional needling group. There was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). After treatment, there were no significant differences between the two groups in TNSS and TOSS scores (both P>0.05). The SNOT-20 score of the Zhen’ai needling group was lower than that of the conventional needling group, and the difference was statistically significant (P

Patients with kidney failure rely on life-saving peritoneal dialysis to facilitate waste exchange and maintain homeostasis of physical conditions. However, peritoneal dialysis often results in peritoneal fibrosis and organ adhesion that subsequently compromise the efficiency of peritoneal dialysis and normal functions of visceral organs. Despite rodent models provide clues on the pathogenesis of peritoneal fibrosis, no current large animal model which shares high degree of physiological and anatomical similarities to human is available, limiting their applications on the evaluation of pre-clinical therapeutic efficacy. Here we established for the first time, hypochlorite-induced porcine model of peritoneal fibrosis in 5-week-old piglets. We showed that administration 15–30 mM hypochlorite, a dose- and time-dependent severity of peritoneal fibrosis characterized by mesothelium fragmentation, αSMA+ myofibroblasts accumulation, organ surface thickening and type I collagen deposition were observed. We also demonstrated in vitro using human mesothelial cells that hypochlorite-induced fibrosis was likely due to necrosis, but not programmed apoptosis; besides, overexpression of IL1β, CX3CL1 and TGFβ on the peritoneal mesothelium in current model was detected, similar to observations from peritoneal dialysis-induced peritoneal fibrosis in human patients and earlier reported mouse model. Moreover, our novel antemortem evaluation using laparoscopy provided instant feedback on the progression of organ fibrosis/adhesion which allows immediate adjustments on treatment protocols and strategies in alive individuals that can not and never be performed in other animal models.

Ginseng is a natural product best known for its curative properties in diverse physiological processes such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, hypertension, and maintenance of hemostasis in the immune system. In previous decades, there have been some promising studies into the pharmacology and chemistry of ginseng components and the relationship between their structure and function. The emerging use of modified ginseng and development of new compounds from ginseng for clinical studies have been topics of study for many researchers. The present review deals with the anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and chemopreventive effects, and recent advances in microRNA technology related to red ginseng. The review also summarizes the current knowledge on the effect of ginsenosides in the treatment of cancer. Keywords: anticancer activity, ginseng-derived compounds, ginsenosides, Panax ginseng

The objective of the present paper is to develop nonlinear finite element method models for predicting the weld-induced initial deflection and residual stress of plating in steel stiffened-plate structures. For this purpose, three-dimensional thermo-elastic-plastic finite element method computations are performed with varying plate thickness and weld bead length (leg length) in welded plate panels, the latter being associated with weld heat input. The finite element models are verified by a comparison with experimental database which was obtained by the authors in separate studies with full scale measurements. It is concluded that the nonlinear finite element method models developed in the present paper are very accurate in terms of predicting the weld-induced initial imperfections of steel stiffened plate structures. Details of the numerical computations together with test database are documented.

Melanoma is one of the most aggressive types of skin cancer, with significant heterogeneity in overall survival. Currently, tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging is insufficient to provide accurate survival prediction and appropriate treatment decision making for several types of tumors, such as those in melanoma patients. Therefore, the identification of more reliable prognosis biomarkers is urgently essential. Recent studies have shown that low immune cells infiltration is significantly associated with unfavorable clinical outcome in melanoma patients. Here we constructed a prognostic-related gene signature for melanoma risk stratification by quantifying the levels of several cancer hallmarks and identify the Wnt/β-catenin activation pathway as a primary risk factor for low tumor immunity. A series of bioinformatics and statistical methods were combined and applied to construct a Wnt-immune-related prognosis gene signature. With this gene signature, we computed risk scores for individual patients that can predict overall survival. To evaluate the robustness of the result, we validated the signature in multiple independent GEO datasets. Finally, an overall survival-related nomogram was established based on the gene signature and clinicopathological features. The Wnt-immune-related prognostic risk score could better predict overall survival compared with standard clinicopathological features. Our results provide a comprehensive map of the oncogene-immune-related gene signature that can serve as valuable biomarkers for better clinical decision making.

Pituitary apoplexy is an endocrine emergency, which commonly presents as hypopituitarism. Prompt diagnosis and treatment can be both life and vision saving. There are a growing number of published case reports postulating a link between COVID-19 and pituitary apoplexy. We report the case of a 75-year-old man who presented with a headache and was later diagnosed with hypopituitarism secondary to pituitary apoplexy. This occurred 1 month following a mild-to-moderate COVID-19 infection with no other risk factors commonly associated with pituitary apoplexy. This case, therefore, supplements an emerging evidence base supporting a link between COVID-19 and pituitary apoplexy.

This work conducts a feasibility study of deep learning approaches for automatic segmentation of left ventricle (LV) cavity from cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) images. Automatic LV cavity segmentation is a challenging task, partially due to the small size of the object as compared to the large CMR image background, especially at the apex. To cater for small object segmentation, the authors present a localisation-segmentation framework, to first locate the object in the large full image, then segment the object within the small cropped region of interest. The localisation is performed by a deep regression model based on convolutional neural networks, while the segmentation is done by the deep neural networks based on U-Net architecture. They also employ the Dice loss function for the training process of the segmentation models, to investigate its effects on the segmentation performance. The deep learning models are trained and evaluated by using public endocardium-annotated CMR datasets from York University and MICCAI 2009 LV Challenge websites. The average dice metric values of the authors’ proposed framework are 0.91 and 0.93, respectively, on these two databases. These results are promising as compared to the best results achieved by the current state-of-art, which shows the potentials of deep learning approaches for this particular application.

Inflammation, an innate immune response mediated by macrophages, forms the first line of defence to protect our body from the invasion of various pathogens. Although inflammation is a defensive response, chronic inflammation has been regarded as the major cause of many types of human diseases such as inflammatory/autoimmune diseases, cancers, neurological diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. Folate receptor (FR) is a cell surface glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored glycoprotein, and its three isoforms, FR-α, FR-β, and FR-γ, are found in humans. Interestingly, FRs are highly expressed on a variety of cells, including cancer cells and activated macrophages, whereas their expression on normal cells is undetectable, indicating that FR-targeting could be a good selective strategy for the diagnosis and therapeutic treatment of cancers and activated macrophage-mediated inflammatory diseases. Previous studies successfully showed FR-targeted imaging of many types of cancers in animal models as well as human patients. Recently, a number of emerging studies have found that activated macrophages, which are critical players for a variety of inflammatory diseases, highly express FRs, and selective targeting of these FR-positive activated macrophages is a good approach to diagnose and treat inflammatory diseases. In this review, we describe the characteristics and structure of FRs, and further discuss FR-targeted diagnostics and therapeutics of human diseases, in particular, activated macrophage-mediated inflammatory diseases.