Author: "Samuels A" / Topic: business - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

4,176 results on '"Samuels A"'

1. Evolving Supply Chain Management from Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0: A Systematic Review of Blue Ocean Strategy in South African Enterprises

Author: Alexander Samuels, Blessing Takawira, and Thokozani Patmond Mbhele
Subjects: blue ocean strategy, digital transformation, industry 4.0, industry 5.0, south african enterprises, supply chain management, Business, HF5001-6182
Abstract: This systematic review provides investigation into the evolution of Supply Chain Management (SCM) practices from Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0 in South African enterprises, with a specific focus on the integration of Blue Ocean Strategy. Industry 5.0 marks a significant shift towards more personalised, sustainable, and human- centric industrial practices, leveraging advanced technologies to improve operational efficiency and address environmental concerns. The research aims to investigate how SCM practices in South African firms are transforming under the influence of Industry 5.0 paradigms and to assess how the Blue Ocean Strategy can bolster competitiveness, operational efficiency, and sustainable growth. Adopting a comprehensive methodology, this study systematically reviewed peer-reviewed articles from 2019 to 2023. Employing the PRISMA framework for structured literature review, and thematic analysis using Atlas-ti 24 software, the research scrutinised the evolution of SCM practices, focusing on technological adoption, strategic innovation, and sustainability integration. The findings reveal that South African firms are progressively adopting Industry 5.0 technologies, integrating them within SCM to improve flexibility, responsiveness, and sustainability. The application of Blue Ocean Strategy is identified as a catalyst for creating uncontested market spaces and driving innovation, which not only improves the firms’ market position but also aligns with sustainable business practices. However, challenges such as technological integration complexity, high transition costs, and the need for skilled human resources are notable impediments. This research significantly contributes to academic literature by providing a nuanced understanding of the SCM evolution in the context of Industry 5.0 within emerging markets, particularly focusing on South African enterprises. It also offers practical insights for industry practitioners on leveraging Blue Ocean Strategy alongside Industry 5.0 technologies to achieve competitive advantage and sustainable growth. The study underlines the need for policy interventions to support technological adaptation and capacity building in the SCM sector, suggesting avenues for future research on overcoming the barriers to Industry 5.0 adoption.
Published: 2024

2. Artificial Intelligence and the Business Revolution: A Systematic Literature Review of Transforming Supply Chain Management Practices in South Africa

Author: Alexander Samuels
Subjects: artificial intelligence (ai), business transformation, south africa, supply chain management (scm), technology innovation., Business, HF5001-6182
Abstract: The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) within supply chain management (SCM) has precipitated a significant transformation in business processes, particularly in emerging economies like South Africa. This systematic literature review explores the extent of AI’s influence on SCM practices across various industries within the South African context, underpinning the potential of AI to improve operational efficiency, strategic decision-making, and innovation. This review thoroughly followed the PRISMA guidelines. The findings reveal that AI significantly contributes to the advancement of SCM by improving accuracy in demand forecasting, optimising resource allocation, and facilitating real-time decision-making. This review synthesizes current research, offering a comprehensive overview of AI’s transformative potential in SCM within South Africa. It also suggests areas for future research, particularly in addressing the challenges of AI implementation and exploring its impact on sustainable SCM practices. The implications for both practitioners and policymakers include prioritising digital infrastructure development, ethical AI integration, and encouraging public-private partnerships to support AI-driven innovations in supply chain networks. Future research should prioritise the development of practical methods that specifically target the demands and obstacles of incorporating AI into supply chains in South Africa, with the aim of promoting fair and sustainable growth.
Published: 2024

3. Assessing Disruptions in Pharmaceutical Supply Chains: A Qualitative Study of Resilience and Risks in the South African Context

Author: Blessing Takawira, David Pooe, and Alexander Samuels
Subjects: pharmaceutical supply chains, resilience, risk management, supply chain disruptions, strategic adaptability, diversified sourcing, Business, HF5001-6182
Abstract: This study evaluates the disruptions in South African pharmaceutical supply chains, focusing on resilience mechanisms and risk factors essential for maintaining continuity and efficiency amidst various disruptions. It leverages a comprehensive literature review and qualitative insights from interviews with 25 local experts, employing a phenomenological approach to explore the strategic experiences and adaptations to supply chain challenges. Findings highlight the significance of diversified sourcing, strategic adaptability, and local production enhancement in ensuring supply chain robustness and pharmaceutical availability. The research underscores the importance of robust risk management, strategic foresight, and local capability investment, offering practical insights for stakeholders to enhance supply chain resilience. Contributing valuable perspectives to supply chain management discourse, it enriches the understanding of resilience and risk mitigation in the pharmaceutical sector, providing a basis for informed strategic planning and policymaking to safeguard against future disruptions.
Published: 2024

4. Balancing the Needs to Assess Depth and Breadth of Knowledge: Does Essay Choice Provide a Solution?

Author: Samuels, Linda B. and Coffinberger, Richard L.
Abstract: Teaching and assessment of student learning are not unrelated activities. Rather, assessment is an integral part of the learning process. Teaching is how instructors help students to discover knowledge and new ideas and ways of organizing and perceiving what they have learned. Assessment of learning incorporates the broad array of techniques that can capture what a student knows about what was taught. Just as there is no "best" teaching method, neither is there only one "best" approach to student assessment. Tests, however, are generally the primary and sometimes the only method for assessing learning. This article begins with an overview of the relevant aspects of the research of Benjamin Bloom and other educational psychologists on the levels of intellectual competencies important to learning and the test question cues related to these competencies. The article then describes legal environment of business exams where students can choose both which essays to answer and how many to answer, thereby self-determining the mix between objective questions (true-false and multiple choice) and essay questions. The results of a student questionnaire as well as data analysis of student point scores are also examined. The article concludes with observations on the benefits of offering students essay choice. (Contains 1 figure, 17 footnotes and 5 tables.)
Published: 2005
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5. Evolving Paradigms in Operations Management: A Systematic Review of Industry 4.0 to 5.0 Transitions in South African Supply Chains

Author: Alexander Samuels, Blessing Takawira, and Thokozani Patmond Mbhele
Subjects: industry 4.0 to 5.0 transition, operations management, south african supply chains, technological innovation, sustainable practices., Business, HF5001-6182
Abstract: Background: The rapid advancement from Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0 is reshaping global operational landscapes, introducing a new era where technology, strategy, and sustainability intersect. This evolution is particularly significant in South Africa, where supply chains are a critical component of the economic framework and are increasingly influenced by technological innovations, demanding a comprehensive understanding of their implications. Purpose of the Study: This study aims to systematically review the existing literature to explore the evolving paradigms in operations management as businesses transition from Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0, focusing on the South African supply chain context. The primary objective is to ascertain how this transition impacts operational practices, decision-making processes, and overall supply chain efficiency. Design/Methodology/Approach: Adopting a systematic literature review methodology, the study analyses 13 peer-reviewed articles, employing thematic analysis to identify, synthesise, and interpret the significant themes emerging from the literature. The PRISMA framework guided the selection and review process, ensuring a rigorous and replicable research approach. Results/Findings: The findings reveal that the transition from Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0 in South African supply chains is driving a significant shift toward more integrated, intelligent, and sustainable operations. Key themes identified include the pivotal role of advanced technologies like AI and IoT, the increasing importance of data-driven decision-making, and the integration of sustainability and innovation in operational frameworks. Recommendations: Future research should focus on empirical studies to validate the theoretical insights and explore the practical implications of Industry 5.0 technologies. For industry practitioners, embracing a strategic approach to technology adoption, fostering a culture of innovation, and prioritizing sustainability are recommended to leverage the opportunities presented by this transition. Managerial Implication: Managers and industry leaders must navigate the complexities of this new industrial era by developing competencies in emerging technologies, adopting resilient and adaptive operational strategies, and championing sustainability. Policymakers should facilitate this transition through supportive regulations, fostering innovation ecosystems, and ensuring the workforce is equipped with the requisite skills for a future-oriented industry.
Published: 2024

6. Applying the Case Study Method to Measure Possible Impact of Proximity to Fracking Transmission Line Facilities on Home Prices

Author: Roddewig, Richard J., Samuels, Michael J., Baxendale, Anne S., and De Marinis, Joseph R.
Subjects: Oil wells -- Hydraulic fracturing, Dehydration (Physiology) -- Case studies -- Methods, Natural gas -- Case studies -- Prices and rates -- Methods, Gas transmission industry -- Case studies -- Methods, Real estate appraisers -- Prices and rates -- Case studies -- Methods, Company pricing policy, Business, Real estate industry
Abstract: Abstract There have been many studies analyzing the effect of environmental concerns related to fracking on home prices. There have also been many studies of the generalized effect of proximity [...]
Published: 2023

7. Theme Parks: Program Variety and Employment Options.

Author: Samuels, Jack B.
Abstract: This article describes a number of privately operated theme parks, explains why the parks have been successful, and looks at career opportunities for leisure professionals in this expanding area. Implications for recreation education are pointed out, and names and addresses of major companies in the theme park business are provided. (PP)
Published: 1983

8. Integrated BEA/BLS Industry-Level Production Account: Statistics for 1987-2020 and a Retrospective Look at How the COVID-19 Recession Compared to the Great Recession

Author: Garner, Corby, Harper, Justin, Russell, Matt, and Samuels, Jon
Subjects: Economic indicators -- Statistics -- Comparative analysis, Economic growth -- Comparative analysis -- Economic aspects -- Statistics, Recessions -- Economic aspects -- Comparative analysis -- Statistics, Business, Economics
Abstract: In May 2022, the Integrated Industry-Level Production Account for the United States was updated to include new statistics for 2020 and revised statistics for 1987-2019. In this article, the dataset [...]
Published: 2022

9. Crain's recognizes diversity and inclusion efforts across city's business community

Author: Samuels, Jennifer
Subjects: Business, Business, regional
Abstract: Byline: Jennifer Samuels Almost 200 leaders from the city's business and civic worlds gathered the morning of June 13 at the New York Athletic Club on Central Park to celebrate [...]
Published: 2023

10. New York's most influential women recognized; The inaugural Women of Influence Awards were presented at Gotham Hall

Author: Samuels, Jennifer
Subjects: Police chiefs -- Achievements and awards, Attorneys general -- Achievements and awards, Women government executives -- Achievements and awards, Business, Business, regional
Abstract: Byline: JENNIFER SAMUELS More than 300 women from across the city's business and civic community gathered May 10 at Gotham Hall in Midtown to celebrate the finalists and winners of [...]
Published: 2023

11. Integrated Industry-Level Production Account for the United States and the Sources of U.S. Economic Growth Between 1987 and 2018

Author: Garner, Corby, Harper, Justin, Russell, Matt, and Samuels, Jon
Subjects: Economic indicators, Economic growth -- Economic aspects, Retail trade, Occupational safety and health, Accounting, Backup software, Business, Economics
Abstract: This Briefing describes the sources of U.S. economic growth between 1987 and 2018. The underlying data are from the Bureau of Eco nomic Analysis (BEA)-Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) integrated [...]
Published: 2020

12. Crain's honors city business leaders for their D&I commitment

Author: Samuels, Jeniffer
Subjects: Executives -- Achievements and awards -- Social aspects, Workplace multiculturalism -- Achievements and awards, Business, Business, regional
Abstract: Byline: JENNIFER SAMUELS Leaders from the city's business community gathered June 16 at Manhattan Manor to celebrate their peers' achievements at the second annual Crain's Excellence in Diversity and Inclusion [...]
Published: 2022

13. How Business Can Prosper by Building a Better World: A Strengths-Based Approach to Co-Creating Mutual Value.

Author: Mohr, Bernard J., Reaves, Chris, Walter, Fritz, Donnan, Susan, and Samuels, Neil
Subjects: WELL-being, IMMIGRANTS, HAPPINESS, PERFECTIONISM (Personality trait), NONPROFIT organizations, CHARITY, ARTIFICIAL intelligence, BUSINESS, DIFFUSION of innovations
Published: 2023
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14. Integrated BEA/BLS Industry-Level Production Account and the Sources of U.S. Economic Growth: New Statistics for 2017 and Updated Statistics for 1998-2016

Author: Russell, Matt and Samuels, Jon
Subjects: United States. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Accounting software -- Statistics -- Economic aspects, Economic growth -- Economic aspects, Retail trade, Medical equipment, Industrial research, Integrated accounting software, Business, Economics
Abstract: In July 2019, the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA), in partnership with the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), published new and updated measures from the integrated industry-level production account. New [...]
Published: 2019

15. A Novel Movement Planner System for Dispatching Trains

Author: Bollapragada, Srinivas, Markley, Randall, Morgan, Heath, Telatar, Erdem, Wills, Scott, Samuels, Mason, Bieringer, Jerod, Garbiras, Marc, Orrigo, Giampaolo, Ehlers, Fred, Turmpseed, Charlie, and Brantley, Jay
Subjects: General Electric Co. -- Logistics, Norfolk Southern Corp. -- Logistics, Algorithms -- Technology application, Electrical equipment and supplies industry -- Logistics, Railroads -- Train dispatching, Algorithm, Technology application, Business, general, Business
Abstract: General Electric Company (GE) partnered with Norfolk Southern Railroad (NS) to create and implement an optimization algorithm-based software system that dispatches thousands of trains in real time, increases their average speed, and allows NS to realize annual savings in the hundreds of millions of dollars. NS handles a range of rail traffic that includes intermodal, automobile transport, manifest freight, and passenger, all with unique priorities and scheduling requirements. Previously, dispatching for each geographic area was managed manually from regional dispatch centers and did not encompass a view of the entire rail network. The algorithm that we developed incorporates data about the properties of the rail networks (e.g., track layout, speed restrictions, height and weight restrictions), data about the trains (e.g., schedules, operating costs, train characteristics), and additional activities associated with train dispatching, such as crew changes and inspections. In doing so, we created a novel system to manage all train dispatching, increased the average speed of trains by two miles per hour, and decreased operating costs, while significantly improving schedule adherence and crew expirations. Every mile-per-hour increase in average speed translates to $200 million savings in capital and operational expenses annually for NS. GE is currently implementing this system at two other railroads and is gaining additional important benefits from the project. Keywords: train dispatch * movement planner * meet-pass planner * computer-aided dispatching * autorouter * train scheduling, Introduction Each of the seven major railroads in North America (called the Class I railroads) owns between 20,000 and 50,000 miles of track and runs approximately 1,000 to 2,500 trains [...]
Published: 2018
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16. Overview of field-testing of the revised, draft South African Paediatric Food-Based Dietary Guidelines amongst mothers/caregivers of children aged 0–5 years in the Western Cape and Mpumalanga, South Africa

Author: L du Plessis, SH Röhrs, HE Koornhof, L. Daniels, I Möller, and S Samuels
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, 030109 nutrition & dietetics, Nutrition and Dietetics, business.industry, Field (Bourdieu), Breastfeeding, Medicine (miscellaneous), 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Family medicine, complementary feeding, infants, young children, paediatric food-based dietary guidelines, South Africa, consumer testing, medicine, Western cape, 030212 general & internal medicine, business
Abstract: Background: This paper provides an overview of a series of studies undertaken to assess the appropriateness and understanding of the revised, draft South African Paediatric Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (SA-PFBDGs) amongst mothers/ caregivers of children aged 0–5 years. Previous exposure to guidelines with similar messages, barriers and enablers to following the guidelines were also assessed. Design: Qualitative methods were used to collect data from 38 focus-group discussions (isiXhosa = 11, Afrikaans = 11, English =10 and siSwati = 6) resulting in 268 participants. Setting: Breede Valley sub-district (Worcester), Stellenbosch Municipality (Stellenbosch, Pniel and Franschhoek) and Northern Metropole (Atlantis, Witsand, Du Noon and Blouberg), City of Cape Town, Western Cape province, as well as Ehlanzeni District (Kabokweni) in Mpumalanga province. Subjects: Mothers/caregivers older than 18 years who provided informed consent to participate. Results: The majority of participants had previous exposure to guidelines with similar messages to the SA-PFBDGs. Information sources included nurses, local clinics, family, friends and media. Possible barriers to following the guidelines included limited physical and financial access to resources; cultural/family practices, poor social support and time constraints. Outdated information, misconceptions, inconsistent messages and contrasting beliefs were evident. The vocabulary of some messages was not well understood. Education on infant and young child feeding and visual portrayal of the guidelines could aid understanding. Conclusion: A degree of rewording should be considered for improved understanding of the revised, draft SA-PFBDGs. Once adopted, the guidelines can be used to educate various stakeholders, including parents, caregivers, healthcare providers and educators, on the correct nutritional advice for children aged 0–5 years ensuring the healthy growth and development of young children in South Africa.
Published: 2023

17. Plasma Arginine and Citrulline are Elevated in Diabetic Retinopathy

Author: David C. Samuels, M. Wade Calcutt, Sabrina L. Mitchell, Milam A. Brantley, Katherine S. Peters, Emilio S. Rivera, Paula A. Harlow, and Cassandra Warden
Subjects: Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Arginine, Metabolite, Type 2 diabetes, Gastroenterology, chemistry.chemical_compound, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Internal medicine, medicine, Citrulline, Humans, Creatinine, Diabetic Retinopathy, business.industry, Diabetic retinopathy, Ornithine, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Ophthalmology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, chemistry, Asymmetric dimethylarginine, business, Chromatography, Liquid
Abstract: Purpose To determine if plasma levels of six arginine and citrulline-related metabolites (arginine, citrulline, asymmetric dimethylarginine [ADMA], ornithine, proline, and argininosuccinate) differ between patients with type 2 diabetes and diabetic retinopathy (DR) and type 2 diabetic controls or between patients with proliferative DR (PDR) and non-proliferative DR (NPDR). Design Cross-sectional study Methods Adults with type 2 diabetes were recruited from the Vanderbilt Eye Institute. Exclusion criteria included non-diabetic retinal disease. Plasma metabolite levels were quantified in 159 diabetic controls and 156 DR patients (92 NPDR, 64 PDR) using isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Metabolite levels were compared using Wilcoxon Rank Sum test and logistic regressions adjusting for age, sex, hemoglobin A1c, diabetes duration, statin use, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor blocker use. A secondary analysis that included creatinine in the regression model was performed for the subset of patients with available creatinine values (135 diabetic controls, 100 DR patients [58 NPDR, 42 PDR]). Results Multivariable logistic regression analyses determined arginine (OR = 1.20, [1.06-1.38], P = 0.0067) and citrulline (OR = 1.53, [1.20-1.98], P = 0.0025) were significantly elevated in DR patients compared to diabetic controls. While ADMA differed between NPDR and PDR patients in the primary analysis (OR = 1.56, [1.15-2.16], P = 0.0051), it was not significantly different when adjusting for creatinine (OR = 1.30, [0.90-1.91], P = 0.15). Conclusions Plasma arginine and citrulline were significantly elevated in type 2 diabetic patients with DR compared to diabetic controls. None of the tested metabolites significantly differed between NPDR and PDR patients in the adjusted analysis.
Published: 2022

18. Moving Upstream: A Social Emergency Medicine Approach to Opioid Use Disorder

Author: Elizabeth A. Samuels and Kelly M. Doran
Subjects: Upstream (petroleum industry), business.industry, Emergency Medicine, medicine, Opioid use disorder, Medical emergency, medicine.disease, business
Published: 2022

19. Primary Versus Secondary Radiotherapy for Heterotopic Ossification Prevention About the Elbow

Author: B. Spieler, Paul R. Allegra, Alberto de la Zerda, Lora Wang, Stuart E. Samuels, Lara L Cohen, Joseph S. Geller, Derek Isrow, Raphael Yechieli, Crystal Seldon, Spencer W. Barnhill, Aaron H. Wolfson, and Samuel R. Huntley
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Ossification, Heterotopic, medicine.medical_treatment, Radiography, Trauma center, Elbow, Secondary Malignancy, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Surgery, Radiation therapy, Postoperative Complications, medicine.anatomical_structure, Elbow Joint, Cohort, Humans, Medicine, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Heterotopic ossification, Sarcoma, business, Retrospective Studies
Abstract: OBJECTIVES To examine the efficacy and safety of radiotherapy for the prevention of heterotopic ossification (HO) about the elbow. DESIGN Retrospective chart review. SETTING Level 1 Trauma Center. PATIENTS/PARTICIPANTS Two hundred and twenty-nine patients who received prophylactic radiotherapy (XRT) over a 15 year period were identified. Patients were included if they received XRT to the elbow joint and had at least 12 weeks of follow up after XRT. Fifty-four patients were ultimately included. INTERVENTION All patients were treated with a single dose of 7 Gy. 98% of patients received XRT within 24 hours after surgery, and all patients received XRT within 72 hours after surgery. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASUREMENTS The primary study measures evaluated were the presence or absence of clinically symptomatic HO and the presence of radiographic HO after XRT to the elbow joint. RESULTS Eighteen patients were treated with XRT after a traumatic injury requiring surgery (primary prophylaxis), and 36 were treated with XRT after excision surgery to remove HO which had already formed (secondary prophylaxis). In the primary cohort, 16.7% developed symptomatic HO after XRT, and 11.1% required surgery to resect heterotopic bone. In the secondary cohort, 11.1% developed symptomatic HO after surgery and XRT, and 5.5% required resection surgery. No secondary malignancies were identified. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that XRT for elbow HO may be safe and effective for both primary and secondary HO. XRT for HO was not shown to be associated with radiation-induced sarcoma in this series, at least in the short term. Further study in a large patient population with extended follow up is required to better characterize populations at high risk for development of HO and secondary malignancy. [ZERO WIDTH SPACE]. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Published: 2022

20. Variation in emergency department visit rates for opioid use disorder: Implications for quality improvement initiatives

Author: Elizabeth A. Samuels, M. Kit Delgado, Brandon D.L. Marshall, Utsha G. Khatri, Ruiying Xiong, and Jeanmarie Perrone
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Quality management, Trauma Centers, medicine, Humans, Hospitals, Teaching, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, Retrospective Studies, High rate, Harm reduction, business.industry, Opioid use disorder, General Medicine, Emergency department, Middle Aged, Opioid-Related Disorders, medicine.disease, Quality Improvement, United States, Opiate Overdose, Cross-Sectional Studies, Quartile, Mechanism of injury, Family medicine, Emergency Medicine, Female, Emergency Service, Hospital, business
Abstract: Study objective Emergency departments (ED) are critical touchpoints for encounters among patients with opioid use disorder (OUD), but implementation of ED initiated treatment and harm reduction programs has lagged. We describe national patient, visit and hospital-level characteristics of ED OUD visits and characterize EDs with high rates of OUD visits in order to inform policies to optimize ED OUD care. Methods We conducted a descriptive, cross-sectional study with the 2017 Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS) from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, using diagnostic and mechanism of injury codes from ICD-10 to identify OUD related visits. NEDS weights were applied to generate national estimates. We evaluated ED visit and clinical characteristics of all OUD encounters. We categorized hospitals into quartiles by rate of visits for OUD per 1000 ED visits and described the visit, clinical, and hospital characteristics across the four quartiles. Results In 2017, the weighted national estimate for OUD visits was 1,507,550. Overdoses accounted for 295,954. (19.6%) of visits. OUD visit rates were over 8× times higher among EDs in the highest quartile of OUD visit rate (22.9 per 1000 total ED visits) compared with EDs in the lowest quartile of OUD visit rate (2.7 per 1000 ED visits). Over three fifths (64.2%) of all OUD visits nationwide were seen by the hospitals in the highest quartile of OUD visit rate. These hospitals were predominantly in metropolitan areas (86.2%), over half were teaching hospitals (51.7%), and less than a quarter (23.3%) were Level 1 or Level 2 trauma centers. Conclusion Targeting initial efforts of OUD care programs to high OUD visit rate EDs could improve care for a large portion of OUD patients utilizing emergency care.
Published: 2022

21. Occupational vs. non-occupational equestrians: Differences in demographics and injury patterns

Author: Andrew C. Bernard, Kaitlyn Samuels, Daniel L. Davenport, and Amber Bettis
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Occupational safety and health, Injury prevention, medicine, Animals, Craniocerebral Trauma, Horses, Recreation, Demography, General Environmental Science, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Horseback riding, Trauma center, ICD-10, Emergency department, Falling (accident), Athletic Injuries, Emergency medicine, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Female, Head Protective Devices, Surgery, medicine.symptom, business, Sports
Abstract: Introduction : Nineteen million people participate in horseback riding activities in the US, and the horse industry employs more than 460,000 full-time workers. Emergency department data suggest young female amateurs and male professionals are most at risk of death from horse-related injuries. However, there has been no investigation into factors that may increase severe injury and mortality risk in these populations. This study investigates demographics and injury pattern differences between occupational and non-occupational horse-related injuries in the US. Methods : The 2017 American College of Surgeons National Trauma Databank (ACS NTDB) was analyzed for horse-related injury using ICD 10 codes. Demographics, injury data, protective device use, and hospital procedures were analyzed. Occupational versus non-occupational injuries based on incident location (farm, sports, recreational, residential) were compared using ANOVA or Pearson's Chi-squared test. Results : Of 3,911 incidents, the most common injury mechanism was falling from the horse, but occupational and non-occupational farm injuries showed higher incidence of being struck by a horse. One-third required surgery. Upper extremity injuries were most common. Occupational injuries more often affected upper extremities of working age, minority males with commercial insurance. Non-occupational injuries most often affected heads of women at the extremes of age. Helmet use was higher in occupational sports, non-occupational sports, and non-occupational recreation injuries, and severe head injury incidence was decreased in these groups. Complications and discharge dispositions were not different across groups. Conclusions : In the largest trauma center study to date, we have shown equine-related trauma to be common and affect a predictable demographic that may permit injury prevention initiatives. Helmets may reduce severe head injury, but the efficacy of protective clothing remains to be validated.
Published: 2022

22. Convalescent plasma in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised controlled, open-label, platform trial

Author: Obbina Abani, Ali Abbas, Fatima Abbas, Mustafa Abbas, Sadia Abbasi, Hakam Abbass, Alfie Abbott, Nabeel Abdallah, Ashraf Abdelaziz, Mohamed Abdelfattah, Bushra Abdelqader, David Abdo, Basir Abdul, Althaf Abdul Rasheed, Ajibode Abdulakeem, Rezan Abdul-Kadir, Amina Abdulle, Abdulfatahi Abdulmumeen, Rasheed Abdul-Raheem, Niyaz Abdulshukkoor, Kula Abdusamad, Yazeed Abed El Khaleq, Mai Abedalla, Abeer Ul Amna Abeer Ul Amna, Katrina Abernethy, Adebanke Aboaba, Hani Abo-Leyah, Ahmed Abou-Haggar, Mahmoud Abouibrahim, Miriam Abraham, Tizzy Abraham, Abraheem Abraheem, Judith Abrams, Hyacinth-John Abu, Ahmed Abu-Arafeh, Syed M Abubacker, Akata Abung, Yaa Aceampong, Amaka Achara, Devikumar Acharya, Sarah Acheampong, Janet Acheson, Andres Acosta, Catherine Acton, Jacqueline Adabie-Ankrah, Sara Adair, Fiona Adam, Matthew Adam, Huzaifa Adamali, Carol Adams, Charlotte Adams, Kate Adams, Lisa Adams, Richard Adams, Tim Adams, Kirsty Adcock, Jemaimah Addai, Ade Adebiyi, Ken Adegoke, Vicki Adell, Debo Ademokun, Sherna Adenwalla, Oluwasegun A Adesemoye, Emmanuel O Adewunmi, Joyce Adeyemi, Rina Adhikary, Gabrielle Adkins, Adnan Adnan, John Aeron-Thomas, Debbie Affleck, Dominic Affron, Carmel Afnan, Muhammad Afridi, Zainab A Aftab, Meenakshi Agarwal, Rachel Agbeko, Chris Agbo, Penny Agent, Sunil Aggarwal, Arameh Aghababaie, Shafana Ahamed Sadiq, Mohamed H Ahammed Nazeer, Humayun Ahmad, Mohammad Ahmad, Syed Ahmad, Asim Ahmed, Bilal Ahmed, Forizuddin Ahmed, Hamze Ahmed, Iram Ahmed, Irshad Ahmed, Khaled Ahmed, Liban Ahmed, Mahin Ahmed, Maria C Ahmed, Muhammad S Ahmed, Naseer Ahmed, Nausheen Ahmed, Osama Ahmed, Rajia A Ahmed, Rizwan Ahmed, Saif Ahmed, Sammiya Ahmed, Sara Ahmed, Sophia Ahmed, Syed Ahmed, Syed Haris Ahmed, Roa Ahmed Ali, Sana Ahmed, Sana Ahmer, Dhiraj Ail, Mark Ainsworth, Giulia Airoldi, Myriam Aissa, Lindianne Aitken, Bini Ajay, Francis Ajeneye, Abdulakeem Ajibode, Ayesha Ajmi, Tahir Akbar, Naim Akhtar, Nasim Akhtar, Nauman Akhtar, Suha Akili, Oludoyinsola Akindolie, Yinka Akinfenwa, Olugbenga Akinkugbe, Ibrahim Akinpelu, Olajide Akinwumiju, Olugbenro Aktinade, Ahmad Al Aaraj, Asma Al Balushi, Majd Al Dakhola, Aladdin Al Swaifi, Eslam Al-Abadi, Narendra Aladangady, Ayaz Alam, Sajid Alam, Abbas Al-Asadi, Karina Al-Asadi, Kyriaki Alatzoglou, Manaf Al-Bayati, Paul Albert, Lorraine Albon, Gemma Alcorn, Stephen Alcorn, Aggie Aldana, David Alderdice, Rayan Aldouri, Jonathan Aldridge, Nicolas Aldridge, Ana Alegria, Alison Alexander, John Alexander, Peter D G Alexander, Charlotte Alford, Julyan Al-Fori, Laith Alghazawi, Bahij Al-Hakim, Shams Al-Hity, Ali Ali, Asad Ali, Fawzia R Ali, Hoodo Ali, Jawad Ali, Mariam Ali, Mohammad Ali, Nayab Ali, Oudai Ali, Sabira Ali, Sakina Ali, Syed Ali, Abid Alina, Fine Aliyuda, Katrin Alizadeh, Maithem Al-Jibury, Saba Al-Juboori, Majid Al-Khalil, Moutaz Alkhusheh, Allameddine Allameddine, Fiona Allan, Rachel Allan, Alison Allanson, Robert Allcock, Beverley Allen, Eireann Allen, Jess Allen, Kerry Allen, Laura Allen, Louise Allen, Poppy Allen, Rebecca Allen, Sam Allen, Sharon Allen, Simon Allen, Kathryn Allison, Bethan Allman, Lynne Allsop, Hassan Al-Moasseb, Magda Al-Obaidi, Lina Alomari, Akram Al-Rabahi, Bahar Al-Ramadhani, Zayneb Al-Saadi, Inji Alshaer, Rustam Al-Shahi Salman, Warkaq Al-Shamkhani, Bashar Al-Sheklly, Sara Altaf, Mary Alvarez, Balaal Alyas, Maysaa Alzetani, Susan Amamou, Noor Amar, Sakkarai Ambalavanan, Sarah-Jayne Ambler, Robert Ambrogetti, Chris Ambrose, Amir Ameen, Kenneth Amenyah, Maria R Amezaga, Allison Amin, Amina Amin, Kanish Amin, Syed Amin, Tara Amin, Amjad Amjad, Neelma Amjad, Mariam Ammoun, Victoria Amosun, Khaled Amsha, Pugh Amy, Atul Anand, Rekha Anand, Samantha Anandappa, Julie Anderson, Kevin Anderson, Laura Anderson, Michelle Anderson, Nicola Anderson, Rachel Anderson, Rory Anderson, Wendy Anderson, Prematie Andreou, Angela Andrews, Antonette Andrews, Jill Andrews, Susan Andrews, Gregory Andrikopoulos, Kanayochukwu Aneke, Andrew Ang, Wan Wei Ang, Tammy Angel, Aramburo Angela, Paola Angelini, Lazarus Anguvaa, Oleg Anichtchik, Millicent Anim-Somuah, Krishnan Aniruddhan, Jessica Annett, Patrick J Anstey, Rebekah Anstey, Alpha Anthony, Aaron Anthony-Pillai, Philip Antill, Zhelyazkova Antonina, Varghese Anu, Muhammad Anwar, George Apostolides, Aristeidis Apostolopoulos, Sarah Appleby, Diane Appleyard, Maia Far Aquino, Bianca Araba, Samuel Aransiola, Mariana Araujo, Emily Arbon, Ann Archer, Denise Archer, Simon Archer, Christian Ardley, Ana-Maria Arias, Ryoki Arimoto, Charlotte Arkley, Charlotte Armah, Ilianna Armata, Adam Armitage, Ceri Armstrong, Maureen Armstrong, Sonia Armstrong, Sylvia Armstrong-Fisher, Philippa Armtrong, Heike Arndt, Clare Arnison-Newgass, David Arnold, Rachael Arnold, Sarah Arnott, Dhawal Arora, Kavan Arora, Pardeep Arora, Rishi Arora, Andrea Arroyo, Arslam Arter, Ayush Arya, Rita Arya, Denisa Asandei, Adeeba Asghar, Catherine Ashbrook-Raby, Glen Ashby, Helen Ashby, Jan Ashcroft, John Ashcroft, Samuel Ashcroft, Deborah Asher, Ayesha Ashfaq, Ben Ashford, Suhail Ashgar, Abdul Ashish, Sally Ashman-Flavell, Sundar Ashok, Abd-El-Aziz Ashour, Muhammad Z Ashraf, Saima Ashraf, Mohammad B Ashraq, Deborah Ashton, Susan Ashton, Andrew Ashworth, Rebecca Ashworth, Arshia Aslam, Harshini Asogan, Abigail Asquith, Atif Asrar, Omar Assaf, Raine Astin-Chamberlain, Richard Athay-Hunt, Deborah Athorne, Billie Atkins, Christopher Atkins, Stacey Atkins, John Atkinson, Vicki Atkinson, Brygitta Atraskiewicz, Claire Atterbury, Abdul Ahmad Attia, Rita Atugonza, Paula Aubrey, Avinash Aujayeb, Aye Chan Thar Aung, Hnin Aung, Kyaw Thu Aung, Ni Aung, Yin Aung, Zaw Myo Aung, Emily Austin, Karen Austin, Abdusshakur Auwal, Miriam Avery, Joanne Avis, Georgina Aviss, Cristina Avram, Paula Avram, Gabriel Awadzi, Atia Awan, Aszad Aya, Eman Ayaz, Amanda Ayers, Jawwad Azam, Mohammed Azharuddin, Ghazala Aziz, N Aziz, Ali Azkoul, Ashaari Azman Shah, Giada Azzopardi, Hocine Azzoug, Fiyinfoluwa Babatunde, Melvin Babi, Babiker Babiker, Gayna Babington, Matthew Babirecki, Marta Babores, Adetona O Babs-Osibodu, Sammy Bacciarelli, Roudi Bachar, Gina Bacon, Jenny Bacon, Bibi Badal, Gurpreet R Badhan, Shreya Badhrinarayanan, Joseph P Bae, Sibel Bafekr Mishamandani, Alice Baggaley, Amy Baggott, Graham Bagley, Dinesh Bagmane, Lynsey Bagshaw, Kasra Bahadori, James Bailey, Katie Bailey, Lindsey Bailey, Liz Bailey, Morgan Bailey, Pippa Bailey, Sarah Bailey, Stephen Bailey, Hamish Baillie, J Kenneth Baillie, Jennifer Bain, Sanchia Baines, Vikram Bains, Aimi Baird, David Baird, Susan Baird, Tracy Baird, Yolanda Baird, Aiysha Bajandouh, Charles Baker, Emma Baker, Evelyn Baker, Johanne Baker, Josephine Baker, Kenneth Baker, Rebecca Baker, Terri-Anne Baker, Victoria Baker, Hugh Bakere, Nawar Bakerly, Michelle Baker-Moffatt, Nauman Bakhtiar, Panos Bakoulas, Julie Balaam, Niranjan Balachandran, Andrea Balan, Theodosios Balaskas, Madhu Balasubramaniam, Alison Balcombe, Alexander Baldwin, Ashley Baldwin, Caron Baldwin, Danielle Baldwin, Rebekah Baldwin-Jones, James Balfour, Gagan Bali, Sonya Balkee, Ceri Ball, Kasia Ballard, Amy Ballinger, Ismael Balluz, Craig Balmforth, Emese Balogh, Amir Baluwala, Gabby Bambridge, Alasdair Bamford, Amy Bamford, Peter Bamford, Adefunke Bamgboye, Elizabeth Bancroft, Hollie Bancroft, Tanya Bancroft, Joyce Banda, Krishna Bandaru, Srini Bandi, Nageswar Bandla, Somaditya Bandyopadhyam, Amit Banerjee, Millie Banerjee, Ritwik Banerjee, Harrison Banks, Lauren Banks, Luke Banks, Paul Banks, Oliver Bannister, Bharat Bansal, Robert Banthorpe, Laura Banton, Mariamma Baptist, Tanya Baqai, Ananya Mouli Baral, Desislava Baramova, Alex Barber, Russel Barber, Emma Barbon, Miriam Barbosa, Monica Barbosa, Jamie Barbour, Alexander Barclay, Claire Barclay, George Bardsley, Stephanie Bareford, Shahedal Bari, Amy Barker, Debbie Barker, Helen Barker, Joseph Barker, Leon Barker, Oliver Barker, Kerry Barker-Williams, Sinha Barkha, Juliana Barla, Gavin Barlow, Richard Barlow, Valerie Barlow, James Barnacle, Alex Barnard, Debi Barnes, Nicky Barnes, Theresa Barnes, Calum Barnetson, Amy Barnett, Matthew Barnett, Ashton Barnett-Vanes, William Barnsley, Andrew Barr, David Barr, Shaney Barratt, Manuella Barrera, Amy Barrett, Fiona Barrett, Jessica Barrett, Joe Barry, Jazz Bartholomew, Claire Bartlett, Georgina Bartlett, Greg Barton, Jill Barton, Lorna Barton, Rachael Barton, Rosaleen Baruah, Sonia Baryschpolec, Archana Bashyal, Betsy Basker, Ayten Basoglu, Gilda Bass, John Bassett, G Bassett, Chris Bassford, Pavinder Bassi, Betsy Bassis, Bengisu Bassoy, Victoria Bastion, Anupam Basumatary, Tristan Bate, Harry J Bateman, Ian Bateman, Kathryn Bateman, Vhairi Bateman, Eleanor Bates, Hayley Bates, Michelle Bates, Simon Bates, Sally Batham, Ana Batista, Amit Batla, Dushyant Batra, Donna Batty, Harry Batty, Thomas Batty, Peter Baughan, Miranda Baum, Carina Bautista, Fareha Bawa, Fatima S Bawani, Simon Bax, Lydia Baxter, Matt Baxter, Nicola Baxter, Zachary Baxter, Hannah Bayes, Charlotte Baylem, Lee Bayliss, Eileen Bays, Farid Bazari, Rohit Bazaz, Ahmad Bazli, Laura Beacham, Wendy Beadles, Philip Beak, Andy Beale, Kirk Beard, Jack Bearpark, Karen Beaumont, Dawn Beaumont-Jewell, Theresa Beaver, Sarah Beavis, Christy Beazley, Sarah Beck, Virginia Beckett, Rosie Beckitt, Heidi Beddall, Seonaid Beddows, Deborah Beeby, Gail Beech, Michelle Beecroft, Sally Beer, Jane Beety, Gabriela Bega, Alison Begg, Susan Begg, Sara Beghini, Ayesha Begum, Salman Begum, Selina Begum, Teresa Behan, Jasmine Beharry, Roya Behrouzi, Jon Beishon, Claire Beith, James Belcher, Holly Belfield, Katherine Belfield, Ajay Belgaumkar, Dina Bell, Gareth Bell, Gill Bell, Gillian Bell, Joshua Bell, Lauren Bell, Louise Bell, Nicholas Bell, Pippa Bell, Stephanie Bell, Jennifer L Bell, Jennifer Bellamu, Mary Bellamy, Arianna Bellini, Amanda Bellis, Fionn Bellis, Lesley Bendall, Naveena Benesh, Nicola Benetti, Leonie Benham, Guy Benison-Horner, Alexander Bennett, Ann Bennett, Caroline Bennett, Christopher Bennett, Gillian 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Bintcliffe, Catherine Birch, Jenny Birch, Louann Birch, Janet Birchall, Katherine Birchall, Sam Bird, Sumedha Bird, Charndip Biring, Mark Birt, Raquel Bisa, Kilanalei Bishop, Linda Bishop, Lisa Bishop, Karen Bisnauthsing, Nibedan Biswas, Sahar Biuk, Karen Blachford, Ethel Black, Helen Black, Karen Black, Mairead Black, Polly Black, Hayley Blackgrove, Bethan Blackledge, Joanne Blackler, Samantha Blackley, Helen Blackman, Stuart Blackmore, Caroline Blackstock, Loraine Blackwood, Francesca Blakemore, Helen Blamey, Alison Bland, Sujata Blane, Simon Blankley, Mary Blanton, Parry Blaxill, Jenny Blaxland, Katie Blaylock, Jane Blazeby, Carol Blears, Natalie Blencowe, Donna Blofield, Ben Bloom, Jack Bloomfield, Angela Bloss, Hannah Bloxham, Louise Blundell, Andrew Blunsum, Mark Blunt, Ian Blyth, Kevin Blyth, Andrew Blythe, Karen Blythe, Marilyn Boampoaa, Boniface Bobie, Karen Bobruk, Pritesh Bodalia, Neena Bodasing, Tanya Bodenham, Sherin Bodh, Gabriele Boehmer, Marta Boffito, Kristyna Bohmova, Sumit Bokhandi, Maria Bokhar, Saba Bokhari, Sakina Bokhari, Syed Owais Bokhari, Ambrose Boles, Sarah Bollington, Sam Bolton, Charlotte Bomken, Charlotte Bond, Hayley Bond, Helena Bond, Stuart Bond, Thomas Bond, Alice Bone, Georgia Boniface, Wendy Bonnert, Lizzy Bonney, Leigh Boorman, Catherine Booth, Joanne Borbone, Cameron Borhani, Naomi Borman, Rachel Borrell, Mamu Boshir, Fiona Bottrill, Laura Bough, Hayley Boughton, Zoe Boult, Miriam Bourke, Stephen Bourke, Michelle Bourne, Rachel Bousfield, Lucy Boustred, Darren Bowen, Kaye Bowen, Alexandra Bowes, Amy Bowes, Philip Bowker, Louise Bowman, Simon Bowman, Rachel Bowmer, Angie Bowring, Geoff Bowyer, Helen Bowyer, Carmel Boyd, Jenny Boyd, Laura Boyd, Maxine Boyd, Namoi Boyle, Pauline Boyle, Rosalind Boyle, Louise Boyles, Osman Bozdag, Leanna Brace, David Brack, Charlotte Brackstone, Rob Bradburn, Jodie Bradder, Barry Bradley, Clare Jane Bradley, Pamela Bradley, Patrick Bradley, Paul Bradley, Joanne Bradley-Potts, Lynne Bradshaw, Sarah Bradshaw, Zena Bradshaw, Rebecca Brady, Shirin Brady, Denise Braganza, Suhail Brailsford, Jill Braithwaite, Marie Branch, Thomas Brankin-Frisby, Jamie Brannigan, Louise Brassington, Sophie Brattan, Fiona Bray, Nancy Bray, Angela Brazier, Manny Brazil, Lucy Brear, Tracy Brear, Stephen Brearey, Laura Bremner, Morwenna Brend, Giovanna Bretland, Chris Brewer, Hannah Bridge, Gavin Bridgwood, Hayley Briggs, Mark Briggs, Sara Brigham, John Bright, Chris Brightling, Lutece Brimfield, Elaine Brinkworth, Robin Brittain-Long, Vianne Britten, Terri Brittin, Lauren Broad, Sarah Broad, Rosie Broadhurst, Andrew Broadley, Marie Broadway, Christopher Brockelsby, Megan Brocken, Tomos Brockley, Andrew Broderick, Mary Brodsky, Fiona Brogan, David Broggio, Liz Brohan, Felicity Brokke, Jacob Brolly, David Bromley, Hannah Brooke-Ball, Verity Brooker, Ceri Brookes, Matthew Brookes, Alison Brooks, Karen Brooks, Nicole Brooks, Philip Brooks, Rachel Brooks, Sophie Brooks, Natalie Broomhead, Chloe Broughton, 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Mika Burgess, Paula Burgess, Richard Burgess, Sophia Burgess, Paula Burgett, Adrian Burman, Sara Burnard, Caroline Burnett, John Burnett, Amanda Burns, Amy Burns, Collette Burns, James Burns, Karen Burns, Samuel Burns, Sarah Burns, Daniel Burrage, Sadie Burrage, Kate Burrows, Claire Burston, Ben Burton, Fiona Burton, Matthew Burton, Angela Busby, Deborah Butcher, Aaron Butler, Jessica Butler, Joanne Butler, Joshua Butler, Lesley Butler, Peter Butler, Susan Butler, Al-Tahoor Butt, Mohammad M Butt, Sophia Butt, Caryl Butterworth, Nicola Butterworth-Cowin, Robert Buttery, Tom Buttle, Heather Button, Daniel Buttress, Jane Byrne, Wendy Byrne, Victoria Byrne-Watts, Eleanor Byworth, Amanda Cabandugama, Ruth Cade, Anthony Cadwgan, Donna Cairney, James Calderwood, Darren Caldow, Moira Caldwell, Giorgio Calisti, Debbie Callaghan, Jennifer Callaghan, Claire Callens, Donaldson Callum, Caroline Calver, Melissa Cambell-Kelly, Tracey Camburn, David R Cameron, Eleanor Cameron, Fraser Cameron, Sarah Cameron, Sheena Cameron, Christian Camm, Renee F D Cammack, Alison Campbell, Amy Campbell, Barbara Campbell, Bridget Campbell, Debbie Campbell, Helen Campbell, Hilary Campbell, Jonathan Campbell, Mark Campbell, Robyn Campbell, Wynny Campbell, Quentin Campbell Hewson, Julie Camsooksai, Ana Canabarro, Lisa Canclini, Shaula Mae Candido, Janie Candlish, Cielito Caneja, Johnathon Cann, Ruby Cannan, Emma Cannon, Michael Cannon, Petra Cannon, Vivienne Cannons, Jane Cantliff, Ben Caplin, Santino Capocci, Noemi Caponi, Angelika Capp, Anne Capps-Jenner, Thomas Capstick, Ishmael Carboo, Nuria Cardenas, Mary Cardwell, Rachel Carey, Simon Carley, Tammy Carlin, Andrew Carlton, Samantha Carmichael, Mandy Carnahan, Rebecca Carnegie, Charlotte Caroline, Emily Carpenter, Jodi Carpenter, David Carr, Sharon Carr, Anna Carrasco, Samantha Carrington, Zoe Carrington, Paul Carroll, Caroline Carron, Anne Carstairs, Jonathan Carter, Michael Carter, Moira Carter, Paul Carter, Penny Carter, Steven Carter, Simon 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Chandler, Kim J Chandler, Stuart Chandler, Zoe Chandler, Vikki Chandler-Vizard, Sumit Chandra, Navin Chandran, Badrinathan Chandrasekaran, Cherry Chang, Yvonne Chang, Josephine Chaplin, Graeme Chapman, John Chapman, Katie Chapman, Laura Chapman, Lianne Chapman, Polly Chapman, Timothy Chapman, Lucy Chappell, Linda Chapple, Amanda Charalambou, Bethan Charles, Dianne Charlton, Sally Charlton, Kevin Chatar, Calvin Chatha, Ritesh Chaube, Muhammad YN Chaudhary, Iram Chaudhry, Nazia Chaudhuri, Muhammad Chaudhury, Anoop Chauhan, Ruchi S Chauhan, Vipul Chauhan, Nicola Chavasse, Iknam Chaven, Rosanna Chavez, Vipal Chawla, Maria Cheadle, Lindsay Cheater, James Cheaveau, Charlotte Cheeld, Michelle Cheeseman, Fang Chen, Hui Min Chen, Terence Chen, Lok Yin Cheng, Zhihang Cheng, Helen Chenoweth, Chun How Cheong, Shiney Cherian, Suzanne Cherif, Mary Cherrie, Helen Cheshire, Barry Chesterson, Betty Cheung, Chee Kay Cheung, Elaine Cheung, Michelle Cheung, Claire Cheyne, Swati Chhabra, Wei Ling Chia, Eric Chiang, Angela Chiapparino, Rosavic Chicano, Zviedzo A Chikwanha, Sam Chilcott, Phillipa Chimbo, KokWai Chin, Wen Jie Chin, Rumbidzai Chineka, Amol Chingale, Karen Chinn, Vashira Chiroma, Heather Chisem, Claire Chisenga, Ben Chisnall, Carolyn Chiswick, Sunder Chita, Nihil Chitalia, Matthew Chiu, Brenda Chivima, Catherine Chmiel, Soha Choi, Willy Choon Kon Yune, Vandana Choudhary, Sarah Choudhury, Bing-Lun Chow, Fateha Chowdhury, Mahibbur Chowdhury, Shahid Chowdhury, Victoria Christenssen, Peter Christian, Alexander Christides, Fiona Christie, Daniel Christmas, Thereza Christopherson, Mark Christy, Paris Chrysostomou, Yunli Chua, Shabs Chucha, Dip Chudgar, Richard Chudleigh, Srikanth Chukkambotla, Michael E Chukwu, Izu Chukwulobelu, Chi Y Chung, Ben Church, Elaine Church, Sara R Church, David Churchill, Nicole Cianci, Nick Ciccone, Paola Cicconi, Paola Cinardo, Zdenka Cipinova, Bessie Cipriano, Sarah Clamp, Melanie Clapham, Edel Clare, Sarbjit Clare, Andrew Clark, Charlotte Clark, Diane Clark, Felicity Clark, Gabrielle Clark, James Clark, Katherine Clark, Kaylea Clark, Louise Clark, Lucy Clark, Matthew Clark, Patricia Clark, Richard Clark, Thomas Clark, Wendy Clark, Zoe Clark, Andrea Clarke, Heather Clarke, Mark Clarke, Paul Clarke, Robert Clarke, Roseanne Clarke, Samantha Clarke, Sarah Clarke, Sheron Clarke, Tracy Clarke, Andrew Clarkson, Alleyna Claxton, Kate Clay, Elizabeth Clayton, Olivia Clayton, Jill Clayton-Smith, Chris Cleaver, Carlota Clemente de la Torre, Jayne Clements, Suzanne Clements, Francesca Clemons, Lee Clifford, Lynne Clifford, Rachael Clifford, Sarah Clifford, Amelia Clive, Jonathan Clouston, Samantha Clueit, Andrea Clyne, Michelle Coakley, Peter G L Coakley, Tony Coates, Kathryn Cobain, Alexandra Cochrane, Patricia Cochrane, Maeve Cockerell, Helen Cockerill, Shirley Cocks, Rachel Codling, Adam Coe, Samantha Coetzee, David Coey, Danielle Cohen, Jonathan Cohen, Oliver Cohen, Mike Cohn, Louise Coke, Olutoyin Coker, Nicholas Colbeck, Roghan 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Cooper, Chris Cooper, David Cooper, Helen Cooper, Jamie Cooper, Joanne Cooper, Joshua Cooper, Laura Cooper, Lauren Cooper, Nick Cooper, Rowena Cooper, Emma Cooperwaite, Thomas Cope, Sinead Corbet, Carolyn Corbett, John Corcoran, Chris Cordell, Jessica Cordle, Alasdair Corfield, John Corless, Alison Corlett, Joe Cornwell, Michael Cornwell, Diana Corogeanu, Mirella Corredera, Ruth Corrigan, Catherine Corry, Rita Corser, Denise Cosgrove, Tracey Cosier, Patricia Costa, Charlie Coston, Susannah Cotgrove, Zoe Coton, Lisa-Jayne Cottam, Rhiannon Cotter, Donna Cotterill, Alice Cotton, Caroline Cotton, Katy Cotton, Andrew Coull, James Coulson, David Counsell, David Counter, Cherry Coupland, Ellie Courtney, Julia Courtney, Rebecca Cousins, Alexander Cowan, Elena Cowan, Ruth Cowburn, Richard Cowell, Louise Cowen, Steve Cowman, Amanda Cowton, Debra Anne Cox, Ellie Cox, Giles Cox, Karina Cox, Miriam Cox, Karen Coy, Beverly Craig, Victoria Craig, Felicity Craighead, Matthew Cramp, Beverley Crane, Jacolene Crause, Adrian Crawford, Angie Crawford, Emma Crawford, Isobel Crawford, Richard Crawforth, Sarah Crawshaw, Ben Creagh-Brown, Andrew Creamer, Ryan Creighton, Joanne Cremona, Saveria Cremona, Janet Cresswell, Mark Cribb, Charles Crichton, Declan Crilly, Lauren Crisp, Nikki Crisp, Dominic Crocombe, Maria Croft, Ian Cron, Derrick Crook, Jennifer Crooks, Helen Croot, Harriet Crosby, Sarah Cross, Tim Cross, Amy Crothers, Stephen Crotty, Susan Crouch, Madeleine Crow, Amanda Crowder, Kate Crowley, Teresa Crowley, Rebecca Croysdill, Callum Cruickshank, Conor Cruickshank, Irena Cruickshank, James Cruise, Helen Crumley, Carina Cruz, Trino Cruz Cervera, Dominic Cryans, Guanguo Cui, Helen Cui, Donna Cullen, Lorraine Cullen, Gillian Cummings-Fosong, Marie Cundall, Victoria Cunliffe, Lorraine Cunningham, Neil Cunningham, Nicola Cunningham, Jason Cupitt, Hollie Curgenven, Debra Curley, Gerens Curnow, David Curran, Simon Curran, Craig Currie, Jacqueline Currie, Scarlett Currie, Abi Curtis, Becca Curtis, Jonathan Curtis, Katrina Curtis, Olivia Curtis, Thomas Curtis, Rebecca Cuthbertson, Sean Cutler, Marta Czekaj, Patrycja Czylok, Joana da Rocha, Andrew Dagens, Helen Daggett, Phil Daggett, Jacqui Daglish, Sandeep Dahiya, Helen Dakers-Black, Anne Dale, Katie Dale, Michaela Dale, Sam Dale, Jolyon Dales, Helen Dalgleish, Nikki Dallas, Helen Dallow, Dermot Dalton, Zoe Daly, Akila Danga, Amelia Daniel, Priya Daniel, Allison Daniels, Adela Dann, Sandra Danso-Bamfo, Nimo Daoud, Alex Darbyshire, Janet Darbyshire, Paul Dargan, Paul Dark, Tace Darling, Kate Darlington, Tom Darton, Guledew Darylile, Manjusha Das, Sukamal Das, Martin Daschel, Joanne Dasgin, Dibyendu Datta, Anna Daunt, Emily Davenport, Mark Davey, Michelle Davey, Miriam Davey, Molly Davey, Arlene David, Mini David, Alexander Davidson, Laura Davidson, Neil Davidson, Richard Davidson, Albert Davies, Alison Davies, Amanda Davies, Amy Davies, Angela Davies, Carolyn Davies, Catrin Davies, Cheryl Davies, Drew Davies, Elaine Davies, Ffyon Davies, Helen Davies, James Davies, Jane Davies, Jeni Davies, Jim Davies, Karen Davies, Kelly Davies, Kim Davies, Louisa Davies, Mark Davies, Matthew Davies, Michelle Davies, Nina Davies, Owen Davies, Patrick Davies, Rachel Davies, Rhys Davies, Ruth Davies, Sarah Davies, Simon Davies, Alison Davis, Gwyneth Davis, Illinos Davis, Julie-Ann Davis, Katherine Davis, Peter Davis, Alexander Davison, Sophia Davison, Mark Davy, Christine Dawe, H Dawe, Mark Dawkins, Danielle Dawson, Elizabeth Dawson, Joy Dawson, Susan Dawson, Tom Dawson, Andrew Daxter, Andrew Day, Helena Day, Jacob Day, Jeremy Day, Lynn Day, Jamie D'Costa, Parijat De, Duneesha de Fonseka, Toni de Freitas, Frederico De Santana Miranda, Eleanor de Sausmarez, Shanika de Silva, Thushan de Silva, Jessica De Sousa, Paulo De Sousa, James de Souza, Anthony de Soyza, Natasha de Vere, Johannes de Vos, Bethan Deacon, Sharon Dealing, Anna Dean, Julie Dean, Katrina Dean, Stephen Dean, Tessa Dean, Jill Deane, James Dear, Effie Dearden, Alison Deary, Catherine Deas, Samuel Debbie, Gabor Debreceni, Vashist Deelchand, Matthew Deeley, Joanne Deery, Emmanuel Defever, Raji Dehulia, Max Deighton, Manuela Del Forno, Arnold Dela Rosa, Lisa Delaney, Amanda Dell, Carrie Demetriou, David DeMets, Jane Democratis, Jacqueline Denham, Emmanuelle Denis, Laura Denley, Craig Denmade, Kathy Dent, Martin Dent, Elise Denton, Tom Denwood, Nishigandh Deole, Darshita Depala, Maria Depante, Randle Derbyshire, Susan Dermody, Amisha Desai, Asmita Desai, Purav Desai, Sanjeev Deshpande, Vai Deshpande, Brendan Devine, Sirjana Devkota, Nicola Dewland, Prakash Dey, Vishal Dey, Rogin Deylami, Jazz Dhaliwal, Kevin Dhaliwal, Jas Dhalliwal, Mandeep Dhanda, Sundip Dhani, Amandeep Dhanoa, Mili Dhar, Devesh Dhasmana, Aman Dhesi, Ekanjali Dhillon, Reiss Dhillon, Pamela Diamond, Priya Dias, Stephanie Diaz, Kayleigh Diaz-Pratt, Debbie Dickerson, Pamela Dicks, Stuart Dickson, Julie Dijo, Sean Dillane, Sarah Diment, Paul Dimitri, Maria Dineen, ThaiHa Dinh, Tri Dinh, Alex Dipper, Laura Dirmantaite, Lisa Ditchfield, Sarah Diver, Lavanya Diwakar, Caroline Dixon, Giles Dixon, Stephen Dixon-Mould, Brice Djeugam, Petr Dlouhy, Laurence Dobbie, Marinela Dobranszky Oroian, Charlotte Dobson, Lee Dobson, Marie Docherty, David Dockrell, James Dodd, Jackie Dodds, Rebecca Dodds, Steve Dodds, Richi Dogra, Erin Doherty, Warren Doherty, Yumiko Doi, Iain Doig, Eleanor Doke, Daniel Dolan, Mark Dolman, Rozzie Dolman, Lisa Donald, Callum Donaldson, Christopher Donaldson, Denise Donaldson, Gillian Donaldson, Kate Donaldson, Joanne Donnachie, Christopher Donnelly, Eilish Donnelly, Ronan Donnelly, Aravindhan Donohoe, Gemma Donohoe, Bryan Donohue, Sinead Donton, Emma Dooks, Grainne Doran, Kane Dorey, Sharon Dorgan, Amanda Dornan, Moonira Dosani, Davinder Dosanjh, Paula Dospinescu, Katie Douglas, Jonathan Douse, Lucy Dowden, Michelle Dower, Kerry Dowling, Sud Dowling, Nicola Downer, Charlotte Downes, Rob Downes, Thomas Downes, Damian Downey, Philippa Downey, Robert Downey, Louise Downs, Simon Dowson, Cornel Dragan, Cristina Dragomir, Cristina Dragos, Maire Drain, Chelsea Drake, Victoria Drew, Olivia Drewett, Celine Driscoll, Helena Drogan, Nikki Drogman, Graham Drummond, Ronald Druyeh, Simon Drysdale, An Du Thinh, Hazel Dube, Judith Dube, Ophias Dube, Stephen Duberley, Hayley Duckles-Leech, Nicola Duff, Emma Duffield, Sam Duff-Miller, Helen Duffy, Lionel Dufour, Annette Duggan, Helen Duggan, Parveen Dugh, Janice Duignan, Mick Duley, Simon Dummer, Andrew Duncan, Christopher Duncan, Fullerton Duncan, Gregory Duncan, Stephanie Dundas, Alessia Dunn, Charlotte Dunn, Damian Dunn, Laura Dunn, Paul Dunn, Charlene Dunne, Karen Dunne, Fiona Dunning, Aidan Dunphy, Venkat Duraiswamy, Beatriz Duran, Ingrid DuRand, Steve Durgacharan, Natalie Duric, Alison Durie, Emily Durie, Hannah Durrington, Haris Duvnjak, Akshay Dwarakanath, Laasya Dwarakanath, Ellen Dwyer, Claudia Dyball, Lee Dyble, Kristyn Dyer, Harvey Dymond, Tom Dymond, Chris Eades, Laura Eagles, Joanne Early, Melissa Earwaker, Nicholas Easom, Clare East, Kim East, Amy Easthope, Fraser Easton, Caroline Eaton, Caroline Eaton-Howell, Ruth Eatough, Adrian Ebbs, Oluwadamilola Ebigbola, Daniel Ebner, Martin Ebon, Sinan Eccles, Chloe Eddings, Michael Eddleston, Maureen Edgar, Katharine Edgerley, Nicholas Edmond, Julie Edmonds, Dave Edmondson, Mary Edmondson, Tracy Edmunds, Alexandra Edwards, Catherine Edwards, Joy Edwards, Kennedy Edwards, Mandy Edwards, Tomos Edwards, Jenny Eedle, Dawn Egginton, Loveth Ehiorobo, Sarah Eisen, Ugochukwu Ekeowa, Mohamed Ekoi, Ayomide Ekunola, Soha El Behery, Moulod El-Agnaf, Mohamed Elbeshy, Kate El-Bouzidi, Jennifer Elder, Mohammed El-Din, Diana Eleanor, Ibrahim Eletu, Eman Elfar, Mayy Magdy Elgamal, Amr Elgohary, Stellios Elia, Jennifer Elias, Tania Elias, Nadia Elkaram, Mohammed El-Karim, Andrew Victor Elkins, Julie Ellam, Nikki Ellard, Laura Nicola Ellerton, Lucy Elliot, Amy Elliott, Chris Elliott, Fiona Elliott, Kerry Elliott, Scott Elliott, Toby Elliott, Annie Ellis, Ann-Marie Ellis, Christine Ellis, Kay Ellis, Kaytie Ellis, Tak-Yan Ellis, Yvette Ellis, Megan Ellison, Rahma Elmahdi, Einas Elmahi, Hannah-May Elmasry, Mohammed Elmi, Najla Elndari, Omer Elneima, Mohamed Elokl, Ahmed Elradi, Mohamed Elsaadany, Sally El-Sayeh, Hana El-Sbahi, Tarek Elsefi, Karim El-Shakankery, Robert Elshaw, Hosni El-Taweel, Sarah Elyoussfi, Jonathan Emberey, Jonathan R Emberson, John Emberton, Julian Emmanuel, Ingrid Emmerson, Michael Emms, Florence Emond, Marieke Emonts, Nicu Enachi, Angila Engden, Katy English, Emma Entwistle, Hene Enyi, Marios Erotocritou, Helen Escreet, Peter Eskander, Hanif Esmail, Lise Estcourt, Amy Evans, Brynach Evans, Chris Evans, Daren Evans, Debra Evans, Gail Evans, Gareth Evans, Jennifer Evans, Lisa Evans, Lynn Evans, Margaret Evans, Michelle Evans, Mim Evans, Morgan Evans, Ranoromanana Evans, Ryan Evans, Teriann Evans, Terry John Evans, Tony Eve, Caroline Everden, Serenydd Everden, Hayley Evison, Lynsey Evison, Penny Eyton-Jones, Jacqueline Faccenda, Leila Fahel, Youstina Fahmay, Sara Fairbairn, Terry Fairbairn, Andy Fairclough, Louise Fairlie, Mark Fairweather, Anne Fajardo, Naomi Falcone, Euan Falconer, Jonathan Falconer, John Fallon, Andrea Fallow, David Faluyi, Victoria Fancois, Qayyum Farah, Novin Fard, Amr Farg, Margaret Farinto, Adam Farmer, Katie Farmer, Toni Farmery, Samantha Farnworth, Faiyaz Farook, Hadia Farooq, Sidrah Farooq, Fiona Farquhar, Karen Farrar, Aaron Farrell, Barbara Farrell, James Farthing, Syeda Farzana, Rahmatu Fasina, Azam Fatemi, Mina Fatemi, Nibah Fatimah, Maria Faulkner, Saul N Faust, Joe Fawke, Sinmidele Fawohunre, Abul Fazal, Kelly Feane, Simon Fearby, Alex Feben, Federico Fedel, Daria Fedorova, James Feely-Henderson, Christopher Fegan, Mae Felongco, Lynsey Felton, Tim Felton, Kate Fenlon, Andrea Fenn, Isabelle Fenner, Ciara Fenton, Melisa Fenton, Cameron Ferguson, Jenny Ferguson, Kathryn Ferguson, Katie Ferguson, Stephanie Ferguson, Susan Ferguson, Susie Ferguson, Victoria Ferguson, Denzil Fernandes, Candida Fernandez, Eduardo Fernandez, Maria Fernandez, Sonia Fernandez Lopez, Callum Jeevan Fernando, Ahmed Feroz, Pietro Ferranti, Thais Ferrari Gersogamo, Eleanor Ferrelly, Alexandra Ferrera, Emma Ferriman, Nicholas Fethers, Ben Field, Janet Field, Rebecca Field, Karen Fielder, Lindsey Fieldhouse, Andra Fielding, Julie Fielding, Len Fielding, Sarah Fielding, Asma Fikree, Sarah Ann Filson, Sarah Finbow, Debbie Finch, Joanne Finch, Laurie Finch, Joanne Finden, Natalie Fineman, Lauren Finlayson, Adam Finn, Joanne Finn, Clare Finney, Sofia Fiouni, Jo Fiquet, Dani Fisher, Emily Fisher, James Fisher, Neil Fisher, Meadow Fisher Crisp, Daniel Fishman, Krystofer Fishwick, Lorraine Fitzgerald, Chloe Fitzpatrick-Creamer, Jan Flaherty, Michael Flanagan, Charles Flanders, Cathy Flatters, Julie Fleming, Lucy Fleming, Paul Fleming, William Flesher, Alison Fletcher, Jonathan Fletcher, Lucy Fletcher, Simon Fletcher, Sophie Fletcher, Karen Flewitt, Christopher Flood, Ian Floodgate, Vincent Florence, Sharon Floyd, Kelly Flynn, Rachel Flynn, Sara Flynn, Claire Foden, Adama Fofana, Georgina Fogarty, Claire Foley, Paul Foley, Linda Folkes, Daniela Mock Font, Evodian Fonyonga, Aiwyne Foo, Jane Foo, Andrew Foot, Jayne Foot, Jane Forbes, Jamie Ford, Kathy Ford, Jennifer Foreman, Caroline Fornolles, Adam Forrest, Ellie Forsey, Miranda Forsey, Thomas Forshall, Elliot Forster, Julian Forton, Emily Foster, Joseph Foster, Rachel A Foster, Tracy Foster, Theodora Foukanelli, Angela Foulds, Ian Foulds, Folakemi Fowe, Emily Fowler, Robert Fowler, Stephen Fowler, Caroline Fox, Claire Fox, Daniel Fox, Heather Fox, Jonathan Fox, Lauren Fox, Natalie Fox, Olivia Fox, Simon Fox, Sarah-Jane Foxton, Yasin Fozdar, Rebecca Frake, Alex Francioni, Olesya Francis, Rebecca Francis, Sarah Francis, Theodora Francis-Bacon, Jason Frankcam, Helen Frankland, Gayle Franklin, Jessica Franklin, Darron Franks, Catherine Fraser, Laura Fraser, Sharon Frayling, Martyn Fredlund, Matthew Free, Carol Freeman, Elaine Freeman, Hannah Freeman, Nicola Freeman, Clare Freer, Ian Freestone, Eleanor French, Matthew Frise, Renate Fromson, Claire Froneman, Adam Frosh, John Frost, Victoria Frost, Oliver Froud, Rachel Frowd, Arun Fryatt, Jake Fryer, Janet Fu, Bridget Fuller, Liz Fuller, Neil Fuller, Tracy Fuller, Duncan Fullerton, Jenny Fullthorpe, Carrie Fung, Gayle Fung, Sarah Funnell, John Furness, Charlene Furtado, Andrew Fyfe, Nytianandan G, Elizabeth Gabbitas, Claire Gabriel, Diana Gabriel, Hadiza Gachi, Rose Gad, Joshua Gahir, Sarveen Gajebasia, Katarzyna Gajewska-Knapik, Zacharoula Galani, Christopher Gale, Hugo Gale, Rebecca Gale, Swetha Gali, Karen Galilee, Bernadette Gallagher, Jude Gallagher, Rosie Gallagher, William Gallagher, Joanne Galliford, Catherine Galloway, Chris Galloway, Emma Galloway, Jacqui Galloway, James Galloway, Laura Gamble, Liz Gamble, Brian Gammon, Jaikumar Ganapathi, Ramesh Ganapathy, Kaminiben Gandhi, Sarah Gandhi, Usha Ganesh, Abrar Gani, Emma-James Garden, Antoni D Gardener, Emma Gardiner, Jill Gardiner, Michael Gardiner, Phil Gardiner, Siobhan Gardiner, Caroline Gardiner-Hill, Jonathan Gardner, Mark Garfield, Atul Garg, Nathan Garlick, Justin Garner, Lucie Garner, Zoe Garner, Kimberley Garnett, Robert Garney, Rosaline Garr, Michael Garstka, Peter Gartan, Florence Garty, Rachel Gascoyne, Hyeriju Gashau, Noha Gasmalseed, Michaela Gaspar, Aoife Gatenby, Erin Gaughan, Alok Gaurav, Mariana Gavrila, Jane Gaylard, Emma Gaywood, Catherine Geddie, Alison Geddis, Ian Gedge, Sarah Gee, Minerva Gellamucho, Karzan Gelly, Leila Gelmon, Sandra Gelves-Zapata, Gemma Genato, Susan Gent, Natalie Geoghegan, Chloe George, Sam George, Tina George, Simon Georges, Domonique Georgiou, Peter Gerard, Leigh Gerdes, Louise Germain, Helen Gerrish, Abel Getachew, Louise Gethin, Hisham Ghanayem, Amardeep Ghattaoraya, Anca Gherman, Alison Ghosh, Justin Ghosh, Sudhamay Ghosh, Sarra Giannopoulou, Malick Gibani, Andrew Gibb, Ben Gibbison, Kerry Gibbons, Alex Gibson, Bethan Gibson, Kimberley Gibson, Kirsty Gibson, Sian Gibson, Cat Gilbert, Jeanette Gilbert, Joanne Gilbert, Kayleigh Gilbert, Sean Gilchrist, Benjamin Giles, Mandy Gill, Rose Gill, Lynne Gill, Paul Gillen, Annelies Gillesen, Katherine Gillespie, Matt Gillespie, Elizabeth Gillham, Andrew Gillian, Deborah Gilliland, Robert Gillott, Danielle Gilmour, Kate Gilmour, Theodora Giokanini-Royal, Anna Gipson, Joanna Girling, Rhian Gisby, Angelena Gkioni, Aikaterini Gkoritsa, Effrossyni Gkrania-Klotsas, Amy Gladwell, James Glanville, Jessica Glasgow, Susannah Glasgow, Jon Glass, Lynn Glass, Sharon Glaysher, Lisa Gledhill, Ana Glennon, John Glover, Kyle Glover, Jan Glover Bengtsson, Chevanthy Gnanalingam, Julie Goddard, Wendy Goddard, Emily Godden, Jo Godden, Gillian Godding, Emma Godson, Gerry Gogarty, Sukanya Gogoi, Aiky Goh, Rebeca Goiriz, Sriya Gokaraju, Philip Gold, Raphael Goldacre, Arthur Goldsmith, Portia Goldsmith, Darren Gomersall, Lucia Gomez, Raquel Gomez-Marcos, Ali Gondal, Celia Gonzalez, Jack Goodall, Bob Goodenough, Laura Goodfellow, James Goodlife, Camelia Goodwin, Elizabeth Goodwin, Jayne Goodwin, Paula Goodyear, Rajiv Gooentilleke, Sharif Goolam-Hossen, Michelle Goonasekara, Sheila Gooseman, Shameer Gopal, Peter Gordon, Sally Gordon, Hugh Gorick, Caitlin Gorman, Claire Gorman, Stuart Gormely, Diana Gorog, Jan Gorry, Michelle Gorst, Thomas Gorsuch, Jayshreebahen Gosai, Rebecca Gosling, Sally Gosling, Georgina Gosney, Vanessa Goss, Dzintars Gotham, Naomi Gott, Elizabeth Goudie, Amanda Gould, Angela Gould, Susan Gould, Lysander Gourbault, Anna Gouveia, Abha Govind, Sharon Gowans, Girish Gowda, Rohit Gowda, Pauline Gowdy, Hannah Gower, Thomas Gower, Pankaj Goyal, Sunil Goyal, Sushant Goyal, Beverley Graham, Clive Graham, Jane Graham, Jonathan Graham, Justin Graham, Libby Graham, Sharon Graham, Matthew Graham-Brown, Julia Grahamslaw, Gianluca Grana, Tracyanne Grandison, Louis Grandjean, Alison Grant, Ann Grant, David Grant, 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Jennie Hale, Carmel Halevy, Paul Halford, William Halford, Alistair Hall, Anthony Hall, Claire Hall, Elizabeth Hall, Emma Hall, Fiona Hall, Helen Hall, Jennifer Hall, Kathryn Hall, Bill Hall, Jan Hallas, Kyle Hallas, Charles Hallett, Becky-Lee Halls, Heather Halls, Maryam Hamdollah-Zadeh, Bilal Hameed, Imran Hamid, Mohamad Hamie, Bethany Hamilton, Fergus Hamilton, Leigh Hamilton, Nicola Hamilton, Ruth Hamlin, Eleanor Hamlyn, Beatrice Hammans, Shirley Hammersley, Kate Hammerton, Bev Hammond, Leah Hammond, Sara Hammond, Fiona Hammonds, Ibrahim Hamoodi, Karen Hampshire, Elizabeth Hampson, Jude Hampson, Lucy Hampson, Ozan Hanci, Ian Hancock, Sadiyah Hand, Jasmine Handford, Soran Handrean, Sarah Haney, Sheharyar Hanif, E Hanison, Alison Hanlon, Jennifer Hannah, Amy Hannington, Merhej Hannun, Aidan Hanrath, Anita Hanson, Jane Hanson, Kathryn Hanson, Steve Hanson, Helen Hanwell, Mazhar Ul Haq, Ala Haqiqi, Monjurul Haque, Lesley Harden, Zoe Harding, Simon Hardman, Joanna Hardy, Kumar Haresh, Rachel Harford, Beverley Hargadon, Carolyn Hargreaves, Emily Hargreaves, James Hargreaves, Alice Harin, Mohammed Haris, Edward Harlock, Sandra Harlow, Paula Harman, Tracy Harman, Mark Harmer, Muhammad A Haroon, Charlie Harper, Fiona Harper, Heather Harper, Melanie Harper, Peter Harper, Rosemary Harper, Sarah Harrhy, Sian Harrington, Yasmin Harrington-Davies, Jade Harris, Jess Harris, John Harris, Laura Harris, Marie-Clare Harris, Naomi Harris, Nichola Harris, Sophie Harris, Alex Harrison, David Harrison, Julie Harrison, Laura Harrison, Melanie Harrison, Rowan Harrison, Susie Harrison, Thomas Harrison, Wendy Harrison, Elizabeth Harrod, Ciaran Hart, Dominic Hart, Lisa Hartley, Rosemary Hartley, Ruth Hartley, Tom Hartley, William Hartrey, Phillipa Hartridge, Stuart Hartshorn, Heli Harvala, Alice Harvey, Angela Harvey, Max Harvey, Catherine Harwood, Helen Harwood, Brigitte Haselden, Kazi Hashem, Mohammed Hashimm, Tadaaki Hashimoto, Imranullah Hashmi, Sarah Haskins, Zena Haslam, Adil Hassan, Ali Hassan, Wagae UI Hassan, Waqar Ul Hassan, Sapna Hassasing, Jane Hassell, Philip Hassell, Alex Hastings, Bethany Hastings, Janice Hastings, Stephanie Hatch, Jonathan Hatton, Sheryl Haviland, May Havinden-Williams, Stefan Havlik, Daniel B Hawcutt, Kadean Hawes, Liz Hawes, Nicola Hawes, Annie Hawkins, Catherine Hawkins, Nancy Hawkins, Tanya Hawkins, Dan Hawley, Ed Hawley-Jones, Edward Haworth, Cathy Hay, Amna Hayat, Jamal Hayat, Mohamed-Riyal Hayathu, Tamsin Haydon, Anne Hayes, Jonas Hayes, Kate Hayes, Melony Hayes, Vanessa Hayes, Fiona Hayes, Patrick Hayle, Chloe Haylett, Antara Hayman, Melanie Hayman, Matthew Haynes, Richard Haynes, Rachel Hayre, Sarah Haysom, James Hayward, Patrick Haywood, Tracy Hazelton, Phoebe Hazenberg, Zhengmai He, Elizabeth Headon, Carrie Heal, Brendan Healy, Amy Hearn, Angela Heath, Rowan Heath, Diane Heaton, Kerry Hebbron, Gemma Hector, Andy Hedges, Katrine Hedges, Cheryl Heeley, Elaine Heeney, Rajdeep Heire, Ulla Hemmila, Cassie Hemmings, Scott 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Susie Holt, Alexandra Holyome, Marie Home, Toni Home, Renate Homewood, Kate Hong, Laura Hontoria del Hoyo, Clare Hooper, Sarah Hoosdally, Samantha Hope, Susan Hope, Bridget Hopkins, Peter W Horby, Stephanie Horler, Anil Hormis, Daniel Hornan, Nicola Hornby, Zoey Horne, Latoya Horsford, Megan Horsford, Mark Horsford, Valana Horsham, Alexander Horsley, Ashley Horsley, Elizabeth Horsley, Sarah Horton, Nicola Horton-Turner, Jane Hosea, Toby Hoskins, Muhammad S Hossain, Rashed Hossain, Leanne Hostler, Maxine Hough, Sarah Hough, Brittany Houghton, Catherine Houghton, Iain Houghton, Kathryn Houghton, Rebecca Houlihan, Angela Houston, Hamish Houston, Tawedzegwa Hove, Roseanna Hovvels, Lee How, Laura Howaniec, Laura Howard, Linda Howard, Lucy Howard, Sarah Howard, Stuart Howard, Richard Howard-Griffin, Alison Howarth, Diane Howarth, Serena Howe, Mark Howells, Lyn Howie, Kerry Howlett, Sophie Howlett, Joanne Hoyle, Josh Hrycaiczuk, Naing Zaya Htoon, Su Htwe, Ying Hu, Chiang Ooi Huah Huah, Abby Huckle, Shahzya Huda, Alison Hudak, Lisa Hudig, Alex Hudson, Cara Hudson, Heather Hudson, Peter Hudson, Oli Hudson, Alison Hufton, Connor Huggins, Alistair Hughes, Eithne Hughes, Emma Hughes, Gareth Hughes, Heather Hughes, Luke Hughes, Rachel Hughes, Rebecca Hughes, Samantha Hughes, Stephen Hughes, Vikki Hughes, Wesley Hughes, Lukas Huhn, Ching Hui, Ruth Hulbert, Diana Hull, Grace Hull, Robert Hull, Amanda Hulme, Peter Hulme, Wendy Hulse, George Hulston, Ryan Hum, Laura Humber, Megan Hume, Charlotte Humphrey, Ismay Humphreys, Alasdair Humphries, Joanne Humphries, Lena Hunold, Fiona Hunt, Kristen Hunt, Luke Hunt, Sophie Hunt, Al Hunter, Alexandra Hunter, Isobel Hunter, Karl Hunter, Neil Hunter, George Huntington, Elizabeth Hurditch, Cian Hurley, Katrina Hurley, Mohammed A Husain, Syeda Yusra Husaini, Coralie Huson, Afreen Hussain, Ibraar Hussain, Ifza Hussain, Mohammad Hussain, Muhammad Hussain, Reda Hussain, Sajid Hussain, Samia Hussain, Sanniah Hussain, Wasim Hussain, Yasmin Hussain, Mohammed Hussam El-Din, Raheem Hussein, Rebecca Hussey, Camille Hutchinson, Dorothy Hutchinson, Elizabeth Hutchinson, John Hutchinson, Claire Hutsby, Paula Hutton, Daniella Hydes, Jamie Hyde-Wyatt, Niamh Hynes, Megan Hyslop, Mazen Ibraheim, Abdalla Ibrahim, Ahmed Ibrahim, Asil Ibrahim, Mohamed Ibrahim, Monzeer Ibrahim, Wadah Ibrahim, Adetokunbo I Idowu, Muhammad Idrees, Hina Iftikhar, Mawara Iftikhar, Chukwuemeka Igwe, Mohammad Ijaz, Amaju Ikomi, Clare Iles, Stamatina Iliodromiti, Mary Ilsley, Lorna Ilves, La'ali Imam-Gutierrez, Christopher Imray, Alison Imtiaz, Haider Imtiaz, Claire Ingall, Jack Ingham, Julie Ingham, Rory Ingham, Tejas Ingle, Jennifer Inglis, Anne Ingram, Luke Ingram, Peter Inns, Ken Inweregbu, Andreea A Ionescu, Ana Ionita, Ilian P Iordanov, Anil Ipe, Adil Iqbal, Madiha Iqbal, Mohammed Iqbal, Faisal Iqbal Sait, Jane Ireland, Robert Irons, Mohannad Irshad, Muhammad S Irshad, Janice Irvine, Val Irvine, Pamela Irving, Robert Irving, Mina Ishak, Erica Isherwood, Aminul Islam, Abdurrahman Islim, Ali Ismail, Omar Ismail, Caroline Ison, M'hamedi Israa, Sharon Isralls, Ali Issa, Monica Ivan, Catrina Ivel, Chineze Ivenso, Ashleigh Ivy, Sophie Iwanikiw, Karen Ixer, Menaka Iyer, Mia Iyer, Calum Jack, Amanda Jackson, Anthony Jackson, Ben Jackson, Beth Jackson, Douglas Jackson, Ella Jackson, Hayley Jackson, Helen Jackson, Jane Jackson, Julie Jackson, Karin Jackson, Lauren Jackson, Melanie Jackson, Nicola Jackson, Shane Jackson, Sharon Jackson, Nikita Jacob, Patricia Jacob, Reni Jacob, Nicola Jacques, Terri-Lisa Jacques-Brown, Anisa Jafar, Daniel Jafferji, Ali Jaffery, Chandrashekar Jagadish, Vijay Jagannathan, Sam Jaggard, Mandeep Jagpal, Fernandez R Jaime, Neemisha Jain, Seema Jain, Susan Jain, Sanjay Jaiswal, Danyal Jajbhay, Thomas Jaki, Bintou Jallow, Yusuf Jaly, Sabine Jamal, Zeba Jamal, Yasmin Jameel, Albie James, Christie James, Kate James, Lee James, Linda James, Mark James, Nicholas James, Olivia James, Rebecca James, Ruth James, Tracy James, Jack Jameson, Aaron Jamison, Phoebe Jane, Azara Janmohamed, Sabrina Jansz, Deepa Japp, Lorraine Jappy, Victor Jardim, Catherine Jardine, Emma Jarnell, Ellie Jarvie, Ann Jarvis, Claire Jarvis, Lisa Jarvis, Rosina Jarvis, Patrycja Jastrzebska, Hafsa Javed, Mays Jawad, Lona Jawaheer, Kauky Jawaid, Anu Jayachandran, Dinakaran Jayachandran, Angelina Jayakumar, Deepak Jayaram, Ravi Jayaram, Geeshath Jayasekera, Thilina Jayatilleke, Abi Jayebalan, Saman Jeddi, Vandana Jeebun, Mohammad S Jeelani, Zeynab Jeewa, Emma Jefferson, Katie Jeffery, Helen Jeffrey, Jenni Jeffrey, Rachel Jeffrey, Sue Jeffrey, Nathan Jeffreys, Benjamin Jeffs, Debbie Jegede, Taylor Jemima, Ifan Jenkin, Alison Jenkins, Christopher Jenkins, David Jenkins, Elinor Jenkins, Sarah Jenkins, Sian Jenkins, Stephen Jenkins, Jacqui Jennings, Louise Jennings, Rebecca Jennings, Virginia Jennings, Ellen Jerome, Douglas Jerry, Ellen Jessup-Dunton, Jorge Antonio Jesus Silva, Champa Jetha, Kishan Jethwa, Jeby Jeyachandran, Visuvanathan Jeyakumar, Dharshana Jeyapalan, Shaman Jhanji, Khoo Jian, Zhixin Jiao, Laura Jimenez, Ana Jimenez Gil, Jithin Jith, Teishel Joefield, Navraj Johal, Karine Johannessen, Aisyah Johari, Annie John, Anu John, Navin John, Sarah John, Emma Johns, Margaret Johns, Anne-Marie Johnson, Antoinette Johnson, David Johnson, Emma Johnson, Gillian Johnson, Kathryn Johnson, Katie Johnson, Luke Johnson, Mark Johnson, Nelsonseelan Johnson, Oliver Johnson, Rachel Johnson, Tracy Johnson, Zoe Johnson, Claire Johnston, Janet Johnston, Laura Johnston, Susan Johnston, Victoria Johnston, Dawn Johnstone, Ed Johnstone, Janet Johnstone, Manohar Joishy, Adam Jones, Alistair Jones, Annabel Jones, Ben Jones, Bryony Jones, Carys Jones, Ceri Jones, Charlotte Jones, Christine E Jones, Debra Jones, Emily Jones, Gareth Jones, Geraldine Jones, Hazel Jones, Jac Jones, James Jones, Jamie Jones, Jessica Jones, Jonathon Jones, Julie Jones, Karen Jones, Kate E Jones, Kevin Jones, Laura Jones, Laura M Jones, Lorna Jones, Louise Jones, Mathew Jones, Nicola Jones, Paul Jones, Rhianna Jones, Ruth E Jones, Samantha Jones, Sophie Jones, Stefanie Jones, Steve Jones, Taya Jones, Tim Jones, Tracey Jones, Ramya Jonnalagadda, Rebecca Jordache, Annette Jose, Sanal Jose, Anna Joseph, Joseph Joseph, Rosane Joseph, Sibet Joseph, Dhaara Joshi, Mehul Joshi, Pratichi Joshi, Revati Joshi, Benz Josiah, Tiffany Joyce, Adriel Ju Wen Kwek, Edward Jude, Parminder Judge, Jessica Juhl, Sirisha Jujjavarapu, Mark Juniper, Edmund Juszczak, Deepthi Jyothish, Kasamu Kabiru Dawa, Mark Kacar, Katarina Kacinova, Nikhil Kadam, Rebecca Kahari, Gail Kakoullis, Azad Kala Bhushan, Richard JK Kalayi, Roobala Kaliannan Periyasami, Efthymia Kallistrou, Seika Kalsoom, Elisa Kam, John Kamara, Mohamed Kamara, Ajay Kamath, Prakash Kamath, Ravindra Kamath, Siddharth Arun Kamerkar, Nick Kametas, Musaiwale Kamfose, Arul Kandaswamy, Leia Kane, Osei Kankam, Thogulava Kannan, Abhinav Kant, Vikas Kapil, Ritoo Kapoor, Sonal Kapoor, Sourjya Kar, Janaka Kara, Vasita Kara, Marina Karakantza, Rona Kark, Nicholas Karunaratne, Natashja Kasianczuk, Vidya Kasipandian, Rizwan Kassam, Janarth Kathirgamachelvam, Victoria Katsande, Kulbinder Kaul, Daljit Kaur, Dervinder Kaur, Jasmin Kaur, Jaspreet Kaur, Satvinder Kaur, Zunaira Kausar, Mohammad AA Kawser, Andrea Kay, Sarah Kay, Jossy N Kayappurathu, Callum Kaye, Ahemd Kazeem, Naved Kazi, Sharon Kaznica, Samantha Kearley, Rachel Kearns, Nichola Kearsley, Joanne Keating, John Keating, Liza Keating, Elizabeth Keddie-Gray, Katie Keen, Natalie Keenan, Jonathan Kefas, Stephen Kegg, Laura Keith, Uzoamaka Keke, Tosin Kelani, Joanne Kellett, Jeremy Kellington, Alison Kelly, Conor Kelly, David Kelly, Diane Kelly, Dominic Kelly, Emma Kelly, Laura Kelly, Martin Kelly, Michael Kelly, Rosalind Kelly, Sinead Kelly, Stephen Kelly, Thomas Kelly, Mary Kelly-Baxter, Marketa Keltos, Timothy Kemp, Kelly Kemsley, Alexandra Kendall-Smith, Sarah Kennard, Ann Kennedy, Caroline Kennedy, James Kennedy, Sophie Kennedy-Hay, Julia Kenny, Kelly Kent, Melanie Kent, Lynne Keogan, Alexander Keough, Clement Kerlin, A Kerr, Andrew Kerr, Maria Kerr, Caroline Kerrison, Anthony Kerry, Samantha Kershaw, Helen Kerslake, Ian Kerslake, Helen Kerss, Jocelyn Keshet-Price, Margaret Kevern, Georgina Keyte, Abdul Khadar, Ali Khalid, Muhammad U Khalid, Syed Khalid, Amir Khalil, Asma Khalil, Sijjad Khalil, Abubakar Khan, Ali Khan, Al-Imran Khan, Arham Khan, Asad Khan, Aurangzeb Khan, Burhan Khan, Camran Khan, Fatimah Khan, Kausik Khan, Malik Aamaz Khan, Marria Khan, Mehrunnisha Khan, Mohammad Khan, Mohammed Khan, Nayeem Khan, Omar Khan, Rahe Khan, Rahila Khan, Sabiya Khan, Shabana Khan, Shahul Khan, Shoaib Khan, Tasaduksultan Khan, Waseem Khan, Usman F Khatana, Jibran Khatri, Jyoti Khatri, Hafiza Khatun, Taslima Khatun, Mena Kheia, Jacyntha Khera, Htet Ei Khin, Najaf Khoja, Kiran Khokhar, Jayne Khorsandi, Chloe Khurana, Faith Kibutu, Andrew Kidd, Michelle Kidd, Joe Kidney, Shane Kidney, Will Kieffer, James Kilbane, Caroline Kilby, Eileen Killen, Susan Kilroy, Bomee Kim, Jee Whang Kim, Sarah Kimber, Andy King, Barbara King, Jennifer King, Kirsten King, Rachel King, Sarah King, Tony King, Victoria King, Emily King-Oakley, Laura Kingsmore, Andy King-Venables, Fiona Kinney, Sidra Kiran, Jeremy Kirk, Jodie Kirk, Daniel Kirkbride, Amy Kirkby, Ian Kirker, Emily Kirkham, Gemma Kirkman, Ursula Kirwan, Kelly Kislingbury, Toby Kitching, Laura Kitto, Lauren Kittridge, Sarah Klaczek, Frieder Kleemann, Susan Kmachia, Chris Knapp, Lucy Knibbs, Alicia Knight, Fraser Knight, Marian Knight, Sarah Knight, Steven Knight, Tom Knight, Ellen Knights, Jane Knights, Toby Knights, Martin Knolle, Carol Knott, Charlotte Knowles, Karen Knowles, Laurence Knowles, Emily Knox, Lucy Knox, Oliver Koch, Ronan Kodituwakku, Gouri Koduri, Aisha Koirata, Eirene Kolakaluri, Magdalena Kolodziej, Eirini Kolokouri, Keith Kolsteren, Samantha Kon, Niladri Konar, Mari Kononen, Athanasios Konstantinidis, Hui Fen Koo, Imogen Koopmans, Emmanuela Kopyj, Laura 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Michelle Lake, Nicki Lakeman, David Lalloo, Fiona Lalloo, Alison Lam, Fiona Lamb, Lucy Lamb, Thomas Lamb, Nick Lambe, Pauline Lambert, Claudia Lameirinhas, Mohammed KG Lami, Abigail Lamikanra, Holly Lamont, Michal Lamparski, Djillali Lamrani, Christine Lanaghan, Rebecca Lanaway, Ivone Lancona-Malcolm, Julia Lancut, Geraldine Landers, Martin J Landray, Matthew Lane, Nicholas Lane, Alidih Lang, Stephen Lang, Daniel Langer, Margaret Langley, Charles Langoya, Emily Langthorne, Taiya Large, Wojciech Lason, Anna Last, Scott Latham, John Latham-Mollart, Afzal Latheef, Darren Latimer, Nang Latt, Carly-Jane Lattimore, Dawn Lau, Eva Lau, Myra Laurenson, Hou Law, Jennifer Law, Jessica Law, Penny Law, Richard Law, Colin Lawler, Mark Lawley, Emma Lawrence, Jo Lawrence, Neil Lawrence, Ryan Lawrie, Jemima Lawson, Joanne Lawson, Louise Lawson, Rebecca Lawton, Michael Lay, Christine Laycock, Reina Layug, Maria Lazo, Vietland Le, Amelia Lea, William Lea, Ian Leadbitter, Thomas Leahy, Richard Lean, Lorna 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Kateryna Macconaill, Chloe Macdonald, Stuart MacDonald, Tania MacDonald, Claire Macfadyen, James G Macfarlane, Jill Macfarlane, Laura Macfarlane, Cara MacGuigan, Lisa MacInnes, Iain MacIntyre, Jill MacIntyre, Kirsten Mack, Callum Mackay, Euan Mackay, Laura Mackay, Alexander Mackenzie, Matt Mackenzie, Robert MacKenzie Ross, Ami Mackey, Patricia Mackey, Fiona Mackie, Robert Mackie, Carolyn Mackinlay, Claire Mackintosh, Katherine Mackintosh, Sheila MacLennan, Mary Joan MacLeod, Michael Macmahon, Andrew MacNair, Catherine Macphee, Iain Macpherson, Catriona Macrae, Allan MacRaild, Eilidh MacVean, Alannah Madden, Mary Madden, Norman Madeja, Karen Madgwick, Pradeep Madhivathanan, Madhavi Madhusudhana, Harriet Madiyiko, Alpha Madu, Lorraine Madziva, Marion Mafham, Nick Magee, Frederick Magezi, Tim Maggs, Negar Maghsoodi, Christopher Magier, Marios Magriplis, Kathryn Maguire, Natasha Mahabir, Subramanian Mahadevan-Bava, Anjanie Maharajh, Ajit Mahaveer, Bal Mahay, Kanta Mahay, Hibo Mahdi, Thushika Mahendiran, Siva Mahendran, Sarah Maher, Anistta Maheswaran, Shameera Maheswaran, Tina Maheswaran, Parisa Mahjoob-Afag, Ahmed Mahmood, Farhana Mahmood, Waheed Mahmood, Zahra Mahmood, Hager Mahmoud, Ewan Mahony, Luke Mair, Toluwani Majekdunmi, Kesson Majid, Rupert Major, Jaydip Majumdar, Mohammad KH Majumder, Stephen Makin, Marius Malanca, Hannah Malcolm, Flora Malein, Neeraj Malhan, Ayesha Malik, Gulshan Malik, Mohammed Maljk, Paul Mallett, Petrina Mallinder, Georgia Mallison, Louise Mallon, Edward Malone, Gracie Maloney, Edgar Malundas, Madhu Mamman, Irene Man, Kathy Man, Rossana Mancinelli, Marco Mancuso-Marcello, Tracy Manders, Lauren Manderson, Justin Mandeville, Roope Manhas, Carmen Maniero, Ravi Manikonda, Bobby Mann, Jonathan Manning, Lynne Mannion, Katherine Mansi, Katarina Manso, Dina Mansour, Isheunesu T Mapfunde, Predeesh Mappa, Hemant Maraj, Garikayi Marange, Lisa March, Clare Marchand, Neil Marcus, Maria Marecka, Gomathi Margabanthu, Jordi Margalef, Lavinia Margarit, Georgios Margaritopoulos, Mike Margarson, Fernandez M Maria del Rocio, Teresa Maria Pfyl, Victor Mariano, Helen Maria-Osborn, Ashleigh Maric, Grace Markham, John Markham, Maria Marks, Pamela Marks, Elisabeth Marouzet, Arran Marriott, Cheryl Marriott, Nemonie Marriott, Brian Marsden, Karen Marsden, Paul Marsden, Sarah Marsden, Tracy Marsden, Robyn Marsh, Adam Marshall, Andrew Marshall, Gail Marshall, Henry Marshall, Jaimie Marshall, James Marshall, Jenna Marshall, Nicola Marshall, Riley Marshall, Jennifer Marshall, Samantha Marston, Emmeline Martin, Hayley Martin, Hope Martin, Jane Martin, Karen Martin, Kate Martin, Laila Martin, Michael Martin, Noelia Martin, Tim Martin, Winston Martin, Sarah Martin, Tim Martindale, Marcus Martineau, Alexander Martinez, Lauren Martinez, Jose Carlos Martinez Garrido, Juan Martin-Lazaro, Olivia Martins, Lucas Martins Ferreira, Vijay Kumar Maruthamuthu, Gemma Maryan, Roman Mary-Genetu, Sam Maryosh, Vidan Masani, Diego Maseda, Sheila Mashate, Yasaman Mashhoudi, Al Mashta, Izhaq Masih, Sanna Masih, Nick Maskell, Perry Maskell, Matthew Masoli, Lynn Mason, Rebecca Mason, Richard Mason, Ruth Mason, Claire Mason, Mohammad Masood, Mohammad T Masood, Syed Masood, Syed SME Masood, Aaqib Masud, Lear Matapure, Cristina Matei, Ropafadzo Matewe, Manraj Matharu, Stephy Mathen, Alex Mather, Nicole Mather, Jonathan Mathers, Joanna Matheson, Amal Mathew, Anna Mathew, Moncy Mathew, Verghese Mathew, Caroline Mathews, Jesha Mathews, Kate Mathias, Marion Mathie, Darwin Matila, Wadzanai Matimba-Mupaya, Nashaba Matin, Elina Matisa, Max Matonhodze, Elijah Matovu, Jaysankar Mattappillil, Alison J Matthews, Heather Matthews, Helen Matthews, Sue Matthews, Gwynn Matthias, Fiona Maxton, Adam Maxwell, Gemma Maxwell, Veronica Maxwell, James May, Joanne May, Oliver May, Philippa May, Irving Mayanagao, Matthew Maycock, Graham Mayers, Lee Maynard, Shelley Mayor, Ibreaheim Mazen, Andrea Mazzella, Nyambura Mburu, Mercy Mbwembwe, Martyn McAdam, Eleanor 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Mollet, Malid Molloholli, Aoife Molloy, April Molloy, Linda Molloy, Andrew Molyneux, Tasnim Momoniat, Holly Monaghan, Josephine Monaghan, Krista Monaghan, Shiva Mongolu, Katelyn Monsell, Mahmoud Montasser, Alan Montgomery, Hugh Montgomery, Prebashan Moodley, Ian Moody, Margaret Moody, Nick Moody, Angela Moon, James Moon, Ji-Hye Moon, Maria Moon, May Moonan, Parvez Moondi, Alex Moore, Carly Moore, Christopher Moore, Davidjar Moore, Faye Moore, Gillian Moore, Hannah Moore, Judith Moore, Laura Moore, Sally Moore, Sonia Moore, Tracy Moore, Rachel Moores, Ed Morab, Jose Morales, Nuria Moramorell, Louise Moran, Grishma Moray, Jeronimo Moreno-Cuesta, Adam Morgan, Amy Morgan, Christine Morgan, Colin Morgan, Jackie Morgan, Lauren Morgan, Leila Morgan, Matthew Morgan, Patrick Morgan, Katie Morgan-Jones, Emily Morgan-Smith, Anna Morley, Thomas Morley, Wendy Morley, Anna Morris, Damian Morris, Fiona Morris, Helen Morris, Juliet Morris, Katie Morris, Laura Morris, Lucy Morris, Mary-Anne Morris, 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Munt, Nafissah Munu, McDonald Mupudzi, Arshid Murad, Oluwatosin H Muraina, Koteshwara Muralidhara, Diane Murdoch, Mhairi Murdoch, Jennifer Murira, Alison Murphy, Carl Murphy, Emily Murphy, Fidelma Murphy, Gail Murphy, Jo Murphy, Peter Murphy, Sheenagh Murphy, Simon Murphy, Clare Murray, David Murray, Eleanor Murray, Katie Murray, Kenneth Murray, Lisa Murray, Lorna Murray, Tracey Murray, Eoin Murtagh, Mithun Murthy, Catherine Murton, Rosie Murton, Neeka Muru, Rosemary Musanhu, Maimuna Mushabe, Kaiser Mushtaq, Omaisa Mushtaq, Ahmed M Mustafa, Elhaytham Mustafa, Mustafa Mustafa, Ibrahim Mustapha, Zhain Mustufvi, Callum Mutch, Eric Mutema, Balakumar Muthukrishnan, Sheree Mutton, Natasha Muzengi, Memory Mwadeyi, Bettina Mwale, Esther Mwaura, Raji Myagerimath, Alice Myers, Sam Myers, Khin Swe Myint, Yadee Myint, Libor Myslivecek, Helen Nabakka, Evelyn Nadar, Iftikhar Nadeem, Moosa Nadheem, Asma Naeem, Hassan Naeem, Salman Naeem, Samraiz Nafees, Mohamed Nafei, Parminder Naga, Thapas Nagarajan, Imrun Nagra, Deepak Nagra, Mina Naguib, Kirushthiga Naguleswaran, K Shonit Nagumantry, Kevin Naicker, Sarveshni Naidoo, Gireesha Naik, Rishi Naik, Samir Naik, Devu S Nair, Rajiv Nair, Tanushree Nair, Jay Naisbitt, Kerry Naismith, Sri Nallapareddy, Soum Nallapeta, Arumugan Nallasivan, Uttam Nanda, Aarti Nandani, Ali Raza Naqvi, Asadullah Naqvi, Sara Naqvi, Shruthi Narayan, Sophia Nasa, Dominic Nash, Nader Nasheed, Abdul Nasimudeen, Umer Nasir, Marwan Nassari, Tahir Nasser, Anushka Natajaran, Anuja Natarajan, Geetha Natarajan, Nalin Natarajan, Nikhila Natarajan, Rajkumar Natarajan, Noel Nathaniel, Mala Nathvani, Priyan Nathwani, George Nava, Neena Navaneetham, Jeya Navaratnam, Helen Navarra, Sadaf Naveed, John Navin, Khuteja Nawaz, Sarfaraz Nawaz, Shasta Nawaz, Bonilla Nayar, Suzanne Naylor, Moez Nayyar, Farrah Naz, Mobeena Naz, Salima Nazarali, Babak Nazari, S Nazir, Sehar Nazir, Dumisani Ncomanzi, Onyine Ndefo, Alan Neal, Elaine Neary, Mostafa Negmeldin, Paula Neill, Hector E Neils, Avideah Nejad, Louise Nel, Marie Nelson, Richard Nelson, Scott Nelson, Rajesh Nemane, Samiksha Nepal, Daniel Nethercott, Kimberley Netherton, Kimberley Nettleton, Claire-Michelle Neville, Tracy Nevin, Josephine Newanji, Alison Newby, Angela Newby, David Newby, Tracy Newcombe, Charlotte Newman, Diana Newman, Julie Newman, Oscar Newman, Richard Newman, Tabitha Newman, Thomas Newman, Rachel Newport, Claire Newsam, Christopher Newson, Maria Newton, Anthony YKC Ng, Ka Wing Ng, Maxine Ng, Sarah Ng, Wee Jin Ng, Thomas Ngan, Gabriel CE Ngui, Alice Ngumo, Caoimhe Nic Fhogartaigh, Nathalie Nicholas, Philip Nicholas, Rachel Nicholas, Teresa Nicholas, Donna Nicholls, Lisa Nicholls, Alice Nicholson, Anne Nicholson, Annette Nicholson, Janet Nicholson, Ian Nickson, Eileen Nicol, Elizabeth Nicol, Rebecca Nicol, Pantelis Nicola, Antony Nicoll, Pantzaris Nikolaos, Georgii Nikonovich, Annette Nilsson, Kofi Nimako, Louise Nimako, Camus Nimmo, Preethy Ninan, Mahesh Nirmalan, Muhammad Nisar, Toby Nisbett, Aksinya Nisha James, Sabaahat Nishat, Tomoko Nishiyama, Sara Nix, Jennifer Nixon, Maxine Nixon, Khwaja Nizam Ud Din, Maria Nizami, Josephine Nnadi, Lyrics Noba, Harriet Noble, Hsu Noe, Jerry Nolan, Zahid Noor, Zaid Noori, Jamie Norgrave, Louis Norman, Rachel Norman, Karen Norris, Lillian Norris, Sally Ann Nortcliffe, Fiona North, Julie North, Thomas North, Julie Northcote, John Northfield, Samantha Northover, Jurgens Nortje, Donna Norton, Rowen Norton, Holly Notman, Khalid Nourein, Timea Novak, Tony Noyce, Alan Noyon, Arlene Nubi, Mohamed Nugdallah, Anne Marie Nugent, Justine Nugent, Kribashnie Nundlall, Kieran Nunn, Michelle Nunn, Jane Nunnick, Yvonne Nupa, Zubeir Nurgat, Kelly Nwankiti, Eugenia Nweje, Godfrey Nyamugunduru, Maggie Nyirenda, Kerry Nyland, Daire O Shea, Ruth O'Donnell, Chloe O'Hara, Kevin O'Reilly, William O'Rourke, Caroline Oakley, Begho Obale, Clements Oboh, Andrew O'Brien, Clare O'Brien, Julie O'Brien, Kirsty O'Brien, Linda O'Brien, Marese O'Brien, Neale O'Brien, Rachel O'Brien, Sarah O'Brien, Tracey O'Brien, Emma O'Bryan, Ross Obukofe, Christopher O'Callaghan, Lorcan O'Connell, Maria O'Connell, Tadg OConnor, Chris O'Connor, Grainne O'Connor, Miranda Odam, Sam Oddie, Sharon Oddy, Rosie O'Dea, Yejide Odedina, Krishma Odedra, Sven W Odelberg, Natasha Odell, Omolola Oderinde, Jessica Odone, Catherine O'Donovan, Dapo Odumeru, Stephen O'Farrell, Pamela Offord, Tanwa Ogbara, Catherine Ogilvie, Ciaran O'Gorman, Oluwatomilola Ogunkeye, Udeme Ohia, Shinjali Ohja, Ohiowele Ojo, Mark O'Kane, Tolu Okeke, Eleanor OKell, Alicia Okines, Iheoma Okpala, Ernest Okpo, Maryanne Okubanjo, Ché Okyne-Turkson, Raphael Olaiya, Tim Old, Jane Oldham, Gregory Oleszkiewicz, Marta Oliveira, Annie Oliver, Catherine Oliver, Jesse Oliver, Martyn Oliver, Zoe Oliver, Nurudeen O Olokoto, Folusho Olonipile, Olumide Olufuwa, Olatomiwa Olukoya, Akinlolu Oluwole-Ojo, Laura O'Malley, Maryam Omar, Zohra Omar, Nimca Omer, Abi Omojola, Helen Omuco, Bronagh O'Neill, Connaire O'Neill, Lauran O'Neill, Chon Sum Ong, Chidera Onyeagor, Huah C Ooi, Amin Oomatia, Maria Opena, Richard Oram, Chloe Orchard, Christy Ord, Jonathan Ord, Charlotte O'Reilly, Lola Orekoya, Devaki O'Riordan, Sean O'Riordan, Amy Orme, Hannah Orme, Dave Ormrod, Charlotte Orr, Sarah Orr, Christopher Orton, Anna Osadcow, Rawlings Osagie, Rostam Osanlou, Lynn Osborne, Nigel Osborne, Rebecca Osborne, Wendy Osborne, William Osborne, Charles Osbourne, Jennifer Osei-Bobie, Mandy O'Shea, Joseph Osman, Wa'el Osman, Bashir Osman, G Osoata, Marlies Ostermann, Eoin O'Sullivan, Susan O'Sullivan, Noor Otey, Otheroro K. Otite, Marie O'Toole, Natalie Outten, Rachel Owen, Stephanie Owen, Emma Owens, Susan Owens, Yetunde Owoseni, Michael Owston, Ruth Oxlade, Feray Ozdes, Jamie Pack, Sophie Packham, Piotr Paczko, Grace Padden, Anand Padmakumar, Iain Page, Nickolas Page, Valerie Page, Jodi Paget, Katherine Pagett, Lee Paisley, Susie Pajak, Angela Pakozdi, Soubhik Pal, Sushi Pal, April Palacios, Vishnu B Palagiri Sai, Vadivu Palaniappan, Priya Palanivelu, Adrian Palfreeman, Shehan Palihavadana, Deepshikha Palit, Alistair Palmer, Lorna Palmer, Lynne Palmer, Ian Pamphlett, Anmol Pandey, Nithya Pandian, Krishnaa Pandya, Tej Pandya, Alice Panes, Yee Wei Pang, Laura Pannell, Kanwar Pannu, Sathianathan Panthakalam, Charles T Pantin, Norman Pao, Helen Papaconstantinou, Padmasayee Papineni, Marina Pappa, Kitty Paques, Kerry Paradowski, Vinay Parambil, Supathum Paranamana, Siddhant Parashar, Ian Parberry, Ana Parejasanchez, Amy Parekh, Dhruv Parekh, Louise Parfitt, Helen Parfrey, Omi Parikh, Gemma Parish, John Park, 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Patterson, Charlotte Patterson, Linda Patterson, Molly Patterson, Pauline Patterson, Robert Patterson, Daniel Paul, Janice Paul, Roshni Paul, Leigh Pauls, Stephane Paulus, Amelia Pavely, Susan Pavord, Brendan Payne, David Payne, Elizabeth Payne, Ruth Payne, Tammy Payne, Abby Peacock, Linda Peacock, Louise Peacock, Sarah Peacock, Henry Peake, Rupert Pearse, Andrew Pearson, Daniel Pearson, Harriet Pearson, Karen Pearson, Kirsty Pearson, Samuel A Pearson, Sandra Pearson, Alice Peasley, Hilary Peddie, Russell Peek, Claire Pegg, Suzannah Peglar, Benjamin H Peirce, Claire Pelham, Belinda Pelle, Abigail Pemberton, Melchizedek Penacerrada, Anthony Pender, Carmel Pendlebury, Jessica Pendlebury, Sarah Pendlebury, Rachel Penfold, William Penlington, Catherine Penman, Julie Penman, Rachel Penman, Justin Penner, Kristi Penney, Alistair Penny, James Penny, Justin Pepperell, Huw Peregrine, Adriana Pereira, Ana Pereira, Rita Pereira, Carlota Pereira Dias Alves, Parmi Perera, Elena Perez, Jane Perez, Tanaraj Perinpanathan, Lakshmi Periyasamy, Francesca Perkins, Rachel Perkins, Elizabeth Perritt, Alison Perry, Emily Perry, Meghan Perry, Terrie Perry, Thomas M Perumpral, Guilherme Pessoa-Amorim, Ruth Petch, Lionel Peter, Cecilia Peters, Craig Peters, Jayne Peters, Mark Peters, Steve Peters, Tim Peters, Remy Petersen, Alexandra Peterson, Leon Peto, Iulia Petras, Ilianna Petrou, Boyanka Petrova, Mirela Petrova, Paul Pfeffer, Mysore Phanish, Paul Phelan, Christopher Philbey, Jennifer Philbin, Neil Philips, Alex Phillips, Danielle Phillips, Dylan Phillips, Karen Phillips, Pat Phillips, Rachael Phillips, Katherine Philpott, Marie Phipps, Virach Phongsathorn, Mandeep Phull, Masroor M Phulpoto, Myat TT PI, Sara Pick, James Pickard, Charlotte Pickering, Gillian Pickering, Thomas Pickett, Hayleah Pickford, Joanna Pickles, Benjamin Pickwell-Smith, Natalia Pieniazek, Charlie Piercy, Angelo Pieris, Samia Pilgrim, Paul Anthony Pillai, Zoe Pilsworth, Heather Pinches, Stacey Pinches, Julia Pinder, Kirsty Pine, Muni Tejha Pinjala, Stefania Pintus, Graeme Piper, James Piper, Richard Pipes, Tasneem Pirani, Marcus Pittman, Sally Pitts, Nicolene Plaatjies, Aiden J Plant, Naomi Platt, Robert Pleass, Rutger Ploeg, Laura Plummer, Charles Plumptre, Jonathan Pobjoy, Tatiana Pogreban, Stephen Poku, David Poles, Rachel Pollard, Louisa Pollock, Oluwamayowa Poluyi, Gary John Polwarth, Fiona Pomery, Ponmurugan Ponnusamy, Suresh Ponnusamy, Aravind Ponnuswamy, Inês Ponte Bettencourt dos Reis, Suman Pooboni, Alice Poole, Christopher Poole, Lorraine Poole, Lynda Poole, Michele Poole, Sharon Poon, Tajinder Poonian, Ella Poppitt, Christopher Porada, David Porter, Jo Porter, Linda Porter, Ross Porter, Kelly Postlethwaite, Narayana Pothina, Priyadarshan Potla, Dorota Potoczna, Jason Pott, Alison Potter, Jean Potter, Kenzi Potter, Sarah Potter, Tracey Potter, Elspeth Potton, Joanne B Potts, Julie Potts, Kathryn Potts, Una Poultney, Katherine Poulton, Vanessa Poustie, Geneen Powell, James Powell, Jordan Powell, Deborah Power, Nick Power, Gillian Powter, Joseph Poxon, Robin Poyner, Vidushi Pradhan, Helena Prady, Aalekh Prasad, Krishna Prasad, Maanvi Prasad, Fredy Prasanth Raj, Sangeetha Prasath, Sindhuja Pratheepkumar, Anezka Pratley, Steven Pratt, David Preiss, Claire Prendergast, Lynn Prentice, Peter Prentice, Verity Prescott, Laura Presland, Catharine Prest, Stephen Preston, Martha Pretorius, Natalie Prevatt, Sandra Prew, Ashley Price, Carly Price, Claire Price, David Price, Elizabeth Price, Nathan Price, Vivien Price, Nicole Priddee, Anne Priest, Kate Priestley, Jimena Prieto, Lorraine Primrose, Clare Prince, Judith Prince, Laura Prince, Janet Pring, Shirley Pringle, Veronika Pristopan, Kelly Pritchard, Lucy Pritchard, Rhys Pritchard, Simon Pritchard, Verma Priyash, Andrew Procter, Clare Proctor, Rebecca Proudfoot, Ben Prudon, David Pryor, Solomon Pudi, Joanne Pugh, Lawrence Pugh, Mark T Pugh, Nichola Pugh, Richard Pugh, Veronika Puisa, Kirandip Punia, Saleel Punnilath Abdulsamad, Laura Purandare, Claire Purcell, Corrina Purdue, Bally Purewal, Molly Pursell, Gregory Purssord, Sarah Purvis, Kathryn Puxty, Zoe Puyrigaud, Michael Pynn, Tariq Qadeer, Mohammad Qayum, Corrine Quah, Sheena Quaid, Nathaniel Quail, Charlotte Quamina, Donna Quashie, Alice Quayle, Eleanor Quek, Siobhan Quenby, Xinyi Qui, Vanessa Quick, Julie Quigley, Juan-Carlos Quijano-Campos, Andrew Quinn, Tom Quinn, Amy Quirk, Quratulain Quratulain, Danya Qureshi, Ehsaan Qureshi, Hafiz Qureshi, Hasanain Qureshi, Khadija Qureshi, Nawaz Qureshi, Qurratulain Qurratulain, Saad Qutab, Muhammad S Rabbani, Syed Rabbani, Wayne Rabin, Simon Rabinowicz, Madalina Raceala, Raissa Rachman, Laura Rad, Jane Radford, Liz Radford, Jayachandran Radhakrishnan, Cecillia Rafique, Jethin Rafique, Muhammad Rafique, Ravi Ragatha, Aiswarya Raghunathan, Abigail Raguro, Shankho D Raha, Sana Rahama, Karen Rahilly, Faisal Rahim, Abdul H Rahimi, Haseena R Rahimi, Muhammad Rahman, Salim Ur Rahman, Sharon Rainey, Lenka Raisova, Arjun Raj, Pradeep Rajagopalan, Nithy Rajaiah, Arvind Rajasekaran, Aylur Rajasri, Thurkka Rajeswaran, Jyothi Rajeswary, Jeyanthy Rajkanna, Gayathri Rajmohan, Ruth Rallan, David Ralphs, Katherine Ralston, Maximilian Ralston, Matsa Ram, Balaji Ramabhadran, Fathima Ramali, Mohamed Ramali, Athimalaipet Ramanan, Shashikira Ramanna, Maheshi Ramasamy, Dhanishta Ramdin, Jozel Ramirez, Mylah Ramirez, Geshwin Ramnarain, Lidia Ramos, Shanthi Ramraj, Alex Ramshaw, Aleem Rana, Ghulam F Rana, Rehman Rana, Abby Rand, James Rand, Helen Randall, Harpal Randheva, Poonam Ranga, Manmeet Rangar, Harini Rangarajan, Sameer Ranjan, Poormina Ranka, Rajesh Rankhelawon, Haley Ranton, Anita Rao, Sandhya Rao, Sanjay Rao, Deepak Rao, Anuja Rasarathnam, Alia Rashid, Khalid Rashid, Simbisai Ratcliff, Sam Ratcliffe, Sophy Ratcliffe, Sanjeev Rath, Mohmad I Rather, Selina Rathore, Aravinden Ratnakumar, Jonathan Ratoff, Deepa Rattehalli, Jason Raw, Hywel Rawlins, Gautam Ray, Michelle Ray, Adam Raymond-White, Dana Raynard, 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Anand Shah, Bhavni Shah, Momin Shah, Neil Shah, Pallav Shah, Priyank Shah, Qasim Shah, Sarfaraz H Shah, Snehal Shah, Suraj Shah, Syed Shah, Wajid Shah, Saarma Shahad, Sousan Shahi, Sipan Shahnazari, Muhammad Shahzeb, Aisha Shaibu, Zara Shaida, Amina Y Shaikh, Maliha Shaikh, Rajit Shail, Mariya Shaji, Muhammad Shakeel, Korah Shalan, Nadia Shamim, Kazi Shams, Alison Shanahan, Thomas Shanahan, Shaminie Shanmugaranjan, Hamed Sharaf, Muhammad Sharafat, Asir Sharif, Ajay Sharma, Akhilesh Sharma, Ash Sharma, Bhawna Sharma, Mona Sharma, Ojasvi Sharma, Poonam Sharma, Rajeev Sharma, Sanjeev Sharma, Sarkhara Sharma, Shriv Sharma, Sonal Sharma, Alexander Sharp, Charles Sharp, Gemma Sharp, Paula Sharratt, Phoebe Sharratt, Katherine Sharrocks, Emma Sharrod, Christopher Shaw, Daisy Shaw, David Shaw, Deborah Shaw, Joanne Shaw, Jonathan Shaw, Lisa Shaw, Tomos G Shaw, Anna Shawcross, Jill Shawe, Lou Shayler, Khuram Shazad, Sophy Shedwell, Jonathan Sheffield, Zak Shehata, Arshiya Sheik, Asif Sheikh, Noorann Sheikh, Laura Sheldon, Benjamin Shelley, Sarah Shelton, Anil Shenoy, Julie Shenton, Amy Shepherd, Kate Shepherd, Lorna Shepherd, Scott Shepherd, Rhian Sheppeard, Helen Sheridan, Ray Sheridan, Samuel Sherridan, Leanne Sherris, Susanna Sherwin, Shaad Shibly, Roger Shiers, Chiaki Shioi, Anand Shirgaonkar, Kim Shirley, Adebusola Shonubi, Angela Short, Richard Shortland, Rob Shortman, Rohan Shotton, Sarah Shotton, Ervin Shpuza, Nora Shrestha, Karen Shuker, Jack Shurmer, Gilbert Siame, Loria Siamia, Zanele Sibanda, Claire Sidaway, Seshnag Siddavaram, Nasir Siddique, Sohail Siddique, Nyma Sikondari, Claudia Silva Moniz, Mike Silverstone, Malcolm Sim, Theresa Simangan, Vimbai Simbi, Robert Sime, Oliver Simmons, Richard Simms, Merritt Simon, Natalie Simon, Angela Simpson, Anna Simpson, Danny Simpson, Georgina Simpson, Joanne Simpson, John Simpson, Kerry Simpson, Phillip Simpson, Thomas Simpson, Andrew Simpson, Kathryn Simpson, Cindy Sing, Ankita Singh, Claire Singh, Jayaprakash Singh, Jyoti Singh, Lokeshwar Singh, Manjeet Singh, Nadira Singh, Pankaj Singh, Prabhsimran Singh, Salil Singh, Saurabh Singh, Parag Singhal, Bryan Singizi, Manas Sinha, Utkarsh Sinha, Guy Sisson, Sarah Sithiravel, Karthikadevi Sivakumar, Shanmugasundaram Sivakumar, Darsh Sivakumran, Sivanthi Sivanadarajah, Pasupathy-Rajah Sivasothy, Rebecca Sivers, Alison Sivyer, Nicole Skehan, Robert Skelly, Orlagh Skelton, Imogen Skene, Michael J Skill, Denise Skinner, Tabitha Skinner, Victoria Skinner, Agnieszka Skorko, Iwona Skorupinska, Mariola Skorupinska, Amy Slack, Katie Slack, Wendy Slack, Heather Slade, Helen Slade, Mark Slade, Helen Slater, Lynda Slater, Nicola Slawson, Andrew Sloan, Brendan Sloan, Derek Sloan, Geraldine Sloane, Benjamin Small, Ellen Small, Emma Small, Samuel Small, Karen D Smallshaw, Andy Smallwood, Carien Smit, Aileen Smith, Alex Smith, Amanda Smith, Amy Smith, Andrew Smith, Anna Smith, Camilla Smith, Catherine Smith, Chris Smith, Christopher Smith, Dominic Smith, Eleanor Smith, Harriet Smith, Hazel Smith, Helen Smith, Jacky Smith, Janice Smith, Jessica Smith, Juliet Smith, Karen Smith, Kate Smith, Kathryn Smith, Katie Smith, Kelly Smith, Kerry Smith, Lara Smith, Linda Smith, Lisa Smith, Loren Smith, Maria Smith, Mel Smith, Oliver Smith, Rachel Smith, Rebecca Smith, Richard Smith, Ruth Smith, Sally Smith, Samantha Smith, Stacey Smith, Stephanie Smith, Susan Smith, Imogen Smith, John Smith, Gemma Smithson, Sue Smolen, Sara Smuts, Naoise Smyth, Annette Snell, David Snell, Luke Snell, Beng So, Michelle Soan, Toluleyi Sobande, Alberto Sobrino Diaz, Basit Sohail, Bina Sohail, Herminder Sohal, Roy Soiza, Mary Sokolowski, Olajumoke Solademi, Krishma Solanki, Babak Soleimani, Amanda Solesbury, Reanne Solly, Louise Solomon, Subash Somalanka, Chandrashekaraiah Somashekar, Raj Sonia, Shiu-Ching Soo, Deepti Sood, Pavandeep Soor, Germanda Soothill, Jennifer Soren, Youssef Sorour, Apina Sothinathan, Pragalathan Sothirajah, Najwa Soussi, Donna Southam, David Southern, Iain Southern, Louise Southern, Sara M Southin, Jessica Southwell, Thomas Southworth, Jason Sowter, Claudia Spalding, Enti Spata, Katie Spears, Mark Spears, John Spence, Michelle Spence, Branwell Spencer, Gisele Spencer, Sue Spencer, Tom Spencer, Helen Spicer, Rose Spicer, Helen Spickett, Jennifer Spillane, William Spiller, Kerry Spinks, Michelle Spinks, Nick Spittle, Johanna Sporrer, Karen Spreckley, Janet Spriggs, Oliver Spring, Scott Springworth, Gemma Squires, Jack Squires, Rebecca Squires, Ram Sreenivasan, K Sri Paranthamen, Ramesh Srinivasan, Asha Srirajamadhuveeti, Vino Srirathan, Chloe Stacey, Sybil Stacpoole, Louise Stadon, Tony Staincliffe, Jocasta Staines, Nikki Staines, Katie Stammers, Roxana Stanciu, Grazyna Stanczuk, Helen Stannard, Edward Stanton, Robyn Staples, Simon Stapley, Natalie Staplin, Adam Stark, Michelle Starr, Julie Staves, Rached Stead, Anthea Steel, Charlotte Steel, Conor Steele, John Steer, Vergnano Stefania, Paula Stefanowska, Katie Steinert, Caroline Stemp, Alison Stephens, David Stephensen, Elaine Stephenson, Monique Sterrenburg, Georgia Stevens, Guy Stevens, Melanie Stevens, Will Stevens, Amy Stevenson, Andrew Stevenson, Elaine Stevenson, Lesley Stevenson, Sarah Stevenson, Amanda Stewart, Claire Stewart, Colin Stewart, McKenna Stewart, Rachel Stewart, Rebecca Stewart, Richard Stewart, Jo Stickley, Gemma Stiller, Robert Stirk, Sarah Stirrup, Sarah Stock, Alexander Stockdale, Lynne Stockham, Paul Stockton, Emma Stoddard, Chris Stokes, Ben Stone, Roisin Stone, Sarah Stone, Imogen Storey, Kim Storton, Frederick Stourton, Angela Strachan, Catherine Strait, Ellen Strakosch, Emma Stratton, Jane Stratton, Sam Straw, Luke Streeter, Dieter Streit, Emma Stride, Sally Stringer, Sophia Strong-Sheldrake, Siske Struik, Carmel Stuart, Anna Stubbs, Harrison Stubbs, Ann Sturdy, Sharon Sturney, Matt Stuttard, Cristina Suarez, Karuna Subba, Christian P Subbe, Manjula Subramanian, Venkatram Subramanian, Chinari Subudhi, Rebecca Suckling, Srivatsan Sudershan, Lee Sudlow, Gayle Sugden, Peter Sugden, Rudresh Sukla, Ali Suliman, Fatimah Suliman, Ian Sullivan, Sugrah Sultan, Jennifer Summers, Mark Summerton, Samyukta Sundar, Reka Sundhar, Edmond Sung, Nadia Sunni, Jay Suntharalingam, Amitava Sur, Dharmic Suresh, Shilpa Suresh, Rachel Suri, Michael Surtees, Danielle Suter, Helen Sutherland, Rachel Sutherland, Rebecca Sutherland, Dovile Sutinyte, Deborah Sutton, John Sutton, Sam Sutton, Mihaela Sutu, Marie-Louise Svensson, Sima Svirpliene, Andrew Swain, Thomas Swaine, Christopher Swales, Lorna Swan, Nicola Swarbrick, Tirion Swart, Stephen Sweetman, Samaher Sweity, Ealish Swift, Paul Swift, Pauline Swift, Peter Swift, Rachael Swift, Rachel Swingler, Sophie Swinhoe, Katarzyna Swist-Szulik, Luke Swithenbank, Omair Syed, Catriona Sykes, Daisy Sykes, Eliot Sykes, Luke Sylvester, Dominic Symon, Andrew Syndercombe, Zoe Syrimi, Jen Syson, Gemma Szabo, Tamas Szakmany, Megan Szekely, Matthew Szeto, Maria Tadros, Amr Tageldin, Lucy Tague, Hasan Tahir, Muhammad Tahir, Silvia Taibo, Zsofia Takats, Abigail Takyi, Peter Talbot, Alison Talbot -Smith, James Talbot-Ponsonby, Richard Tallent, Bradley Tallon, Phoebe Tamblin-Hopper, Adrian Tan, Bee T Tan, Hock Tan, Huey Tan, Jade Tan, Keith Tan, WeiTeen Tan, Anand Tana, Xiaohui Tang, Christina Tanney, Tabitha Tanqueray, Emma Tanton, Ran Tao, Mark Taplin, Hayley Tarft, Priyal Taribagil, Obaid Tarin, Syed Tariq, Zeeshan Tariq, David Tarpey, Lisa Tarrant, Antonia Tasiou, Elizabeth Tatam, Margaret L Tate, Kate Tatham, Vera Tavoukjian, Alexander Taylor, Beverley Taylor, Brian Taylor, Charlie Taylor, Charlotte Taylor, David Taylor, Elisabeth Taylor, Janet Taylor, Jennifer Taylor, Joanne Taylor, Julie Taylor, Karen Taylor, Leanne Taylor, Margaret Taylor, Matthew Taylor, Melanie Taylor, Natalie Taylor, Rachael Taylor, Rachel Taylor, Samantha Taylor, Suzanne Taylor, Tina Taylor, Tracey Taylor, Vicky Taylor, Michelle Taylor-Siddons, Thomas Taynton, Amelia Te, Jessica Teasdale, Julie Tebbutt, Caroline Tee, Rajni Tejwani, Seble Tekle, Adam Telfer, Vibha Teli, Jennifer Tempany, Holly Templar, Julie Temple, Natalie Temple, Helen Tench, Yi He Teoh, Lynne Terrett, Louise Terry, Abbi Tervit, Dariusz Tetla, Kate Tettmar, Shirish Tewari, Daniel Tewkesbury, Joana Texeira, ChiaLing Tey, Clare Thakker, Manish Thakker, Amirtharajh Tharmakulasingam, Hilary Thatcher, Andrew Thayanandan, Krishna Thazhatheyil, Eaint Thein, Lambrini Theocharidou, Phyu Thet, Kapeendran Thevarajah, Mayooran Thevendra, Nang Thiri Phoo, Yvette Thirlwall, Muthu Thirumaran, Alice Thomas, Andrew Thomas, Caradog Thomas, Emma Thomas, Enson Thomas, Esther Thomas, Hannah Thomas, Helen Thomas, James Thomas, Karen Thomas, Koshy Thomas, Lucy Thomas, Rachel Thomas, Rebecca Thomas, Rhys Thomas, Ruth Thomas, Samantha Thomas, Sarah Thomas, Sherine Thomas, Tessy Thomas, Vicky Thomas, Rhian Thomas-Turner, Samantha Thomas-Wright, Catherine Thompson, Christopher Thompson, Clara Thompson, Fiona Thompson, Katharine Thompson, Laura Thompson, Liz Thompson, Luke Thompson, Michael Thompson, Orla Thompson, Rebecca Thompson, Roger Thompson, Trevor Thompson, Usilla Thompson, Nicola Thomson, Natasha Thorn, Charlotte Thorne, Nicola Thorne, Wendy Thorne, Jim Thornton, Michael Thornton, Richard Thornton, Sara Thornton, Susan Thornton, Thomas Thornton, Tracey Thornton, Allison Thorpe, Christopher Thorpe, Sarah Thorpe, Paradeep Thozthumparambil, Laura Thrasyvoulou, Hannah Thraves, Elisha Thuesday, Vicky Thwaiotes, Guy Thwaites, Simon Tiberi, Jane Tidman, Serena Tieger, Carey Tierney, Caroline Tierney, Mark Tighe, Sorrell Tilbey, Amanda Tiller, John Timerick, Elizabeth Timlick, Alison Timmis, Hayley Timms, Anne-Marie Timoroksa, Samakomva Tinashe, Heather Tinkler, Marianne Tinkler, Jacqui Tipper, Helen Tivenan, Helen T-Michael, Anne Todd, Jackie Todd, Stacy Todd, Mohamed Tohfa, Helena Tollick, Melanie Tolson, Ana Luisa Tomas, Natalia Tomasova, Sharon Tomlin, Simon Tomlins, Jo Tomlinson, James Tonkin, Ivan Tonna, Catherine Toohey, Kirsty Topham, Mathew Topping, Ruhaif Tousis, Peter Tovey, Gareth Towersey, Jason Towler, Jill Townley, Alain Townsend, Chris Townsend, Richard Tozer, Claire Tranter, Helen Tranter, Jonathan Trattles, Christopher Travill, Sarah Traynor, Karis Treuberg, Mike Trevett, Ascanio Tridente, Sanchia Triggs, Fiona Trim, Thomas Trimble, Alex Trimmings, Tom Trinick, Sven Troedson, Emily Tropman, Amy Trotter, Madeleine Trowsdale Stannard, Nigel Trudgill, Maria Truslove, Shaun Trussell, Tariq Trussell, Sara Tryon, Kyriaki Tsakiridou, Christine Tsang, Hoi Pat Tsang, Peter Tsang, Tan Tsawayo, Kyriaki Karali Tsilimpari, Georgios Tsinaslanidis, Simon Tso, Sally Tucker, Victoria Tuckley, Caroline Tuckwell, Aisha Tufail, Redmond Tully, Grace Tunesi, Saidat Turawa, Killiam Turbitt, Anna Turco, Krystyna Turek, Rezon Turel, Tolga Turgut, Claudia Turley, Alison Turnbull, Aine Turner, Ash Turner, Charlotte Turner, David Turner, Frances Turner, Gail Turner, Kate Turner, Kelly Turner, Louise Turner, Lucy Turner, Marc Turner, Mark Turner, Patricia Turner, Ruth Turner, Sally Turner, Samantha Turner, Susan Turner, Victoria Turner, Sharon Turney, Jon Turvey, Conor Tweed, David Tweed, Rebecca Twemlow, Emma Twohey, Bhavya Tyagi, Vedang Tyagi, Abigail Tyer, Jayne Tyler, Jennifer Tyler, Alison Tyzack, Petros Tzavaras, Mohammad S Uddin, Ruhama Uddin, Ruzena Uddin, Salamat Ullah, Sana Ullah, Sanda Ullah, Athavan Umaipalan, Judith Umeadi, Akudo Umeh, Wilfred Umeojiako, Ben Ummat, Charlotte Underwood, Jonathan Underwood, Laura Unitt, Adam Unsworth, Jasvinder Uppal, Veerpal S Uppal, James Uprichard, Gerry Upson, Masood Ur Rasool, Alison Uriel, Sebastian Urruela, Hiromi Uru, Miranda Usher, Rebecca Usher, Alex UsherRea, Andrew Ustianowski, Jane Uttley, Linda C Vaccari, Uddhav Vaghela, Abhay Vaidya, Bernardas Valecka, Jennifer Valentine, Balan Valeria, Pramodh Vallabhaneni, Pedro Valle Vallines, Luke Vamplew, Ekaterini Vamvakiti, Joannis Vamvakopoulos, Maud van de Venne, Alex van der Meer, Nora van der Stelt, Joseph Vance-Daniel, Rama Vancheeswaran, Caryn Vander Riet, Samuel I Vandeyoon, Padma Vankayalapati, Piyush Vanmali, Chloe Vansomeren, William Van't Hoff, Sejal Vara, Kate Vardigans, Stehen J Vardy, Anu Varghese, Maria Varghese, William Varney, Giulia Varnier, Valeria Vasadi, Olivia Vass, Vimal Vasu, Vasanthi Vasudevan, Manu Vatish, Heloyes Vayalaman, Christopher Vaz, Niki Veale, Sachuda Veerasamy, Bar Velan, Swati Velankar, Luxmi Velauthar, Neyme Veli, Nicola Vella, Anitha Velusamy, Ian Venables, Mavi Venditti, David Veniard, Ramya Venkataramakrishnan, Richard Venn, Robert Venn, Lyn Ventilacion, Joanne Vere, Mark Veres, Stefania Vergnano, Will Verling, Amit Verma, Rachel Vernall, Britney Vernon, Mark Vertue, Jerik Verula, Natalie Vethanayagam, Lucy Veys, Carinna Vickers, Saji Victor, Jennifer Vidler, Wayne Vietri, Bavithra Vijayakumar, Vinod Warrier Vijayaraghavan Nalini, Brigita Vilcinskaite, Neringa Vilimiene, Sudharkar Vimalanathan, Lynn Vinall, Sylvia Vinay, Latha Vinayakarao, Rachel Vincent, Rosie Vincent, Pritpal Virdee, Emma Virgilio, Abdullah M Virk, Elisa Visentin, Jeyakumar Visuvanathan, Karunakaran Vithian, Sorice Vittoria, Elena Vlad, Ben Vlies, Alain Vuylsteke, Eleftheria Vyras, Richard Wach, Beverley Wadams, Susan Wadd, Natalia Waddington, Kirsten Wadsworth, Syed EI Wafa, Daniel Wagstaff, Lynda Wagstaff, Dalia Wahab, Zaroug Wahbi, Abiodun Waheed Adigun, Sawan Waidyanatha, Rachel Wake, Alice Wakefield, William Wakeford, Michelle Wakelin, Fiona Wakinshaw, Andrew Walden, Jane Walden, Lorna Walding, Alexandria Waldron, Gemma Walker, Harriet Walker, Ian Walker, Jasmine Walker, Kevin Walker, Kim Walker, Linda Walker, Marie T Walker, Olivia Walker, Rachel Walker, Rebecca Walker, Susan Walker, Derek Wallbank, Rebecca Wallbutton, Jessica Wallen, Karl Wallendszus, Arabella Waller, Fiona Waller, Rosemary Waller, Gabiel Wallis, Gabriel Wallis, Louise Wallis, Donna Walsh, Elizabeth Walsh, Livia Walsh, Deborah Walstow, Daniel Walter, Alex Walters, Holt Walters, James Walters, Jocelyn Walters, Eileen Walton, Lucy Walton, Olivia Walton, Sharon Walton, Susan Walton, Mandy Wan, Thin Wan, Mary Wands, Rachel Wane, Frank Wang, Nick Wang, Ran Wang, Deborah Warbrick, Samantha Warburton, Deborah Ward, Emma Ward, Joanna Ward, Karen Ward, Luke Ward, Nicola Ward, Rachael Ward, Rebecca Ward, Thomas Ward, Tom Ward, Scott A Warden, Adele Wardle, Karen Wardle, Steve Wardle, Hassan Wardy, Scott Waring, Jenny Warmington, Ben Warner, Christian Warner, Lewis Warnock, Sarah Warran, Jade Warren, Lisa Warren, Yolanda Warren, Hannah Warren-Miell, Gill Warwick, Charlotte Washington, Helen Wassall, Hazel J Watchorn, Holly Waterfall, Abby Waters, Donald Waters, Mark Waterstone, Catherine Watkins, Catrin Watkins, Eleanor Watkins, Karen Watkins, Lynn Watkins, Nick Watkins, Abigail Watson, Adam JR Watson, Ekaterina Watson, Eleanor Watson, Paul Watson, Rebecca Watson, Robert Watson, Sandra Watson, Malcolm Watters, Donna Watterson, Daniel Watts, John Watts, Merlin Watts, Victoria Waugh, Emma Wayman, Akhlaq Wazir, Mark Weatherhead, Nick Weatherly, Paul Weaver, Hayley Webb, Kathryn Webb, Kylie Webb, Stephen Webb, Cheryl Websdale, Deborah Webster, Ian Webster, Tim Webster, Kathleen Wedgeworth, Ling Wee, Rebecca Weerakoon, Thanuja Weerasinghe, Janaka Weeratunga, Maria Weetman, Shuying Wei, Immo Weichert, Hugh Welch, James Welch, Leanne Welch, Steven Welch, Samantha Weller, Lucy Wellings, Brian Wells, Susan Wellstead, Berni Welsh, Richard Welsh, Ingeborg Welters, Rachael Welton, Lauren Wentworth, Kate Wesseldine, James Wesson, Jim Wesson, Adam West, Magdelena West, Raha West, Ruth West, Sophie West, Luke Western, Ruth Westhead, Heather Weston, Alice Westwood, Bill Wetherill, Sharon Wheaver, Helen Wheeler, Ben Whelan, Matthew Whelband, Amanda Whileman, Alison Whitcher, Abbie White, Andrew White, Benjamin White, Christopher White, Duncan White, Emily White, James White, Jonathan White, Katie White, Marie White, Nick White, Sarah White, Sonia White, Stephen White, Tracey White, Catherine Whitehead, Anne Whitehouse, Claire Whitehouse, Tony Whitehouse, Julia Whiteley, Sophie Whiteley, Victoria Whiteside, Drew Whitley, Kaitlyn Whitley, Gabriel Whitlingum, David Whitmore, Elizabeth Whittaker, Lindsay Whittam, Andrew Whittingham Hirst, Ashley Whittington, Helen Whittle, Robert Whittle, Suzanne Whyte, Eunice Wiafe, Lou Wiblin, John Widdrington, Jason Wieboldt, Hannah Wieringa, Cornelia Wiesender, Laura Wiffen, Andrew Wight, Christopher Wignall, Danielle Wilcock, Emma Wilcock, Louise Wilcox, Laura Wild, Stephen Wild, Michael Wilde, Peter Wilding, Ritchie Wildman, Tracey Wildsmith, Joe Wileman, Donna Wiles, Joy Wiles, Kate Wiles, Elva Wilhelmsen, Thomas Wiliams, Chloe Wilkes, Janet Wilkie, David Wilkin, Hannah Wilkins, Joy Wilkins, Suzanne Wilkins, Helen Wilkinson, Holly Wilkinson, Iain Wilkinson, Lesley Wilkinson, Martin Wilkinson, Nicola Wilkinson, Sophia Wilkinson, Susan Wilkinson, Tim Wilkinson, Sylvia Willetts, Aimee Williams, Alexandra Williams, Alison Williams, Angharad Williams, Ava Williams, Carl Williams, Caroline V Williams, Claire Williams, Dewi Williams, Gail Williams, Gemma Williams, Gina Williams, Hannah Williams, James Williams, Jayne Williams, Jennie Williams, John Williams, Joseph Williams, Karen Williams, Kathryn Williams, Marie Williams, Matthew Williams, Patricia Williams, Penny Williams, Rachael Williams, Rupert Williams, Samson Williams, Sarah Williams, Sophie Williams, Tamanna Williams, Annie Williamson, Cath Williamson, Catherine Williamson, Dawn Williamson, James D Williamson, Rachel Williamson, Helen Williamson, Bruce Willian, Elizabeth Willis, Emily Willis, Heather Willis, Herika Willis, Joanna Willis, Laura Willmott, Louise Wills, Lucy Willsher, Catherine Willshire, Francesca Willson, Alison Wilson, Andrea Wilson, Antoinette Wilson, Billy Wilson, Catherine Wilson, Eve Wilson, James Wilson, Karen Wilson, Kate Wilson, Lucinda Wilson, Mark Wilson, Matthew Wilson, Toni Wilson, Evie Wiltsher, Marlar Win, Tin Win, Wut Yee Win Win, Lucinda Winckworth, Laura Winder, Piers Winder, Phillip Windrum, Kerry Winham-Whyte, Helen Winmill, Simon Winn, Carmen Winpenny, Helen Winslow, Helen Winter, Jonathan Winter, Pascal Winter, Barbara Winter-Goodwin, Stephen Wisdom, Matthew Wise, Martin Wiselka, Rebecca Wiseman, Sophie Wiseman, Steven Wishart, Holly Wissett, Eric Witele, Nicholas Withers, Janet Wittes, Donna Wixted, Therese Wodehouse, Will Wolf, Nicola Wolff, Kirsten Wolffsohn, Rebecca Wolf-Roberts, Magda Wolna, Elena Wolodimeroff, Adam Wolstencroft, Alan Wong, Charlotte Wong, Chi-Hung Wong, Edwin Wong, Jessica Sue Yi Wong, Kit Y Wong, Lee Wong, Mei Yin Wong, Nick Wong, Sam Wong, Yun Man Wong, Amanda Wood, Caroline Wood, Carrie Anne Wood, Dianne Wood, Fiona Wood, Hannah Wood, Jennifer Wood, Joe Wood, Julia Wood, Kathryn Wood, Lisa Wood, Louise Wood, Michelle Wood, Stephen Wood, Tracy Wood, Ursula Wood, Katharine Woodall, Rebecca Woodfield, Christopher Woodford, Elizabeth Woodford, Jill Woodford, Luke Woodford, Louise Woodhead, Timothy Woodhead, Philip Woodland, Marc Woodman, Debra Woods, Jane Woods, Katherine Woods, Sarah Woods, Zoe Woodward, Rachel Wookey, Megan Woolcock, Gemma Wooldridge, Rebecca Woolf, Chris Woollard, Christopher Woollard, Louisa Woollen, Emma Woolley, Jade Woolley, Daniel Woosey, Dan Wootton, Joanne Wootton, Daniel Worley, Stephy Worton, Jonathan Wraight, Maria Wray, Tim Wreford-Bush, Joanne Wren, Kim Wren, Lynn Wren, Caroline Wrey Brown, Catherine Wright, Demi Wright, Francesca Wright, Imogen Wright, Lee Wright, Lianne Wright, Pete Wright, Rachel Wright, Rebecca Wright, Stephanie Wright, Tim Wright, Caroline Wroe, Hannah Wroe, Henry Wu, Peishan Wu, Pensee Wu, Jonathan Wubetu, Retno Wulandari, Craig Wyatt, Frederick Wyn-Griffiths, Inez Wynter, Bindhu Xavier, Arnold Xhikola, Zhongyang Xia, Huiyuan Xiao, Masseh Yakubi, May Yan, Freda Yang, Yingjia Yang, Michael Yanney, Woei Lin Yap, Nabil Yaqoob, Naairah Yaqub, Salima Yasmin, Bryan Yates, David Yates, Edward Yates, Helen Yates, Julie Yates, Mark Yates, Charlotte Yearwood Martin, Andrew Yeatman, Khin Yein, Fiona Yelnoorkar, Peter Yew, Kawai Yip, Laura Ylquimiche, Laura Ylquimiche Melly, Inez Ynter, H Yong, Jemma Yorke, Jasmine Youens, Abdel Younes Ibrahim, Eoin Young, Gail Young, Louise Young, Richard Young, Asfand Yousafzar, Sajeda Youssouf, Ahmed Yousuf, Chrissie Yu, Bernard Yung, Daniel Yusef, Said Yusef, Intekhab Yusuf, Anna-Sophia Zafar, Silvia Zagalo, Su Zaher, Aqsa Zahoor, Kareem Zaki, Nabhan Zakir, Kasia Zalewska, Ane Zamalloa, Mohsin Zaman, Raisa Zaman, Shakir Zaman, Julie Zamikula, Louise Zammit, Marie Zammit-Mangion, Lynn Zarb, Esther Zebracki, Daniel Zehnder, Lisa Zeidan, Marian Zelman, Xiaobei Zhao, Dongling Zheng, Doreen Zhu, Madiha Zia, Omar Zibdeh, Rabia Zill-E-Huma, Ei Thankt Zin, Veronica Zindonda, Eleanor Zinkin, Vivian Zinyemba, Christos Zipitis, Arkadiusz Zmierczak, Azam Zubir, Roslin Zuha, Naz Zuhra, Rasha Zulaikha, Sabrina Zulfikar, Carol Zullo, Ana Zuriaga-Alvaro, Will Zuurbier, Sheba Zyengi, and University of St Andrews. School of Medicine
Subjects: Male, Convalescent plasma, medicine.medical_treatment, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Antibodies, Viral, Rate ratio, 0302 clinical medicine, RA0421, RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine, Medicine, Hospital Mortality, 030212 general & internal medicine, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Aged, 80 and over, Medicine(all), Mortality rate, Covid19, Articles, 3rd-DAS, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Hospitals, Treatment Outcome, Female, Open label, Coronavirus Infections, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, RM, medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), 03 medical and health sciences, Medicine, General & Internal, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, General & Internal Medicine, Internal medicine, Humans, In patient, Pandemics, COVID-19 Serotherapy, Aged, Mechanical ventilation, Science & Technology, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, Significant difference, Immunization, Passive, COVID-19, Length of Stay, NIS, R1, Respiration, Artificial, United Kingdom, RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RECOVERY Collaborative Group, business
Abstract: Background: Many patients with COVID-19 have been treated with plasma containing anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of convalescent plasma therapy in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Methods: This randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy [RECOVERY]) is assessing several possible treatments in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in the UK. The trial is underway at 177 NHS hospitals from across the UK. Eligible and consenting patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either usual care alone (usual care group) or usual care plus high-titre convalescent plasma (convalescent plasma group). The primary outcome was 28-day mortality, analysed on an intention-to-treat basis. The trial is registered with ISRCTN, 50189673, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04381936. Findings: Between May 28, 2020, and Jan 15, 2021, 11558 (71%) of 16287 patients enrolled in RECOVERY were eligible to receive convalescent plasma and were assigned to either the convalescent plasma group or the usual care group. There was no significant difference in 28-day mortality between the two groups: 1399 (24%) of 5795 patients in the convalescent plasma group and 1408 (24%) of 5763 patients in the usual care group died within 28 days (rate ratio 1·00, 95% CI 0·93–1·07; p=0·95). The 28-day mortality rate ratio was similar in all prespecified subgroups of patients, including in those patients without detectable SARS-CoV-2 antibodies at randomisation. Allocation to convalescent plasma had no significant effect on the proportion of patients discharged from hospital within 28 days (3832 [66%] patients in the convalescent plasma group vs 3822 [66%] patients in the usual care group; rate ratio 0·99, 95% CI 0·94–1·03; p=0·57). Among those not on invasive mechanical ventilation at randomisation, there was no significant difference in the proportion of patients meeting the composite endpoint of progression to invasive mechanical ventilation or death (1568 [29%] of 5493 patients in the convalescent plasma group vs 1568 [29%] of 5448 patients in the usual care group; rate ratio 0·99, 95% CI 0·93–1·05; p=0·79). Interpretation: In patients hospitalised with COVID-19, high-titre convalescent plasma did not improve survival or other prespecified clinical outcomes. Funding: UK Research and Innovation (Medical Research Council) and National Institute of Health Research.
Published: 2021

23. Family resilience and childhood obesity among children exposed to adverse childhood experiences in a national survey

Author: William J. Heerman, Chelsea van Wyk, Tavia González Peña, Julie Lounds Taylor, Lindsay S. Mayberry, Nina C. Martin, and Lauren R. Samuels
Subjects: Gerontology, Nutrition and Dietetics, family resilience, business.industry, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Original Articles, medicine.disease, RC31-1245, Childhood obesity, Medicine, Family resilience, Original Article, adverse childhood experiences, business, Adverse Childhood Experiences, Internal medicine, childhood obesity
Abstract: Objective Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) contribute to poor overall health among children with obesity. This study evaluated how one potential protective factor—family resilience—affects the association between ACEs and childhood obesity. Methods This analysis was a secondary analysis of the 2016–2018 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH), a repeated cross‐sectional survey based on parent report. Nine ACEs were queried. Family resilience was assessed with four items (potential range 0–12). The primary outcome was child weight status. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression was used, adjusting for potential confounders and the interaction between ACEs and family resilience. Results For 49,365 children ages 10–17, the median number of ACEs was 1 (IQR 0, 2), the median family resilience score was 10 (IQR 8,12), 15.3% of children had overweight, and 15.4% of children had obesity. Among the 51.3% of children who experienced one or more ACEs, higher family resilience scores attenuated the odds of being in a higher weight category. This pattern was not observed in children with zero ACEs. Conclusions In the 2016–2018 NSCH, children ages 10–17 who were exposed to ACEs had higher rates of overweight and obesity, the odds of which may be reduced when children also have higher family resilience.
Published: 2021

24. Tele-buprenorphine for emergency department overdose visit follow up and treatment initiation

Author: Rachel S. Wightman, Julia Uber, Elizabeth A. Samuels, Neha Reddy, Brendan Jacka, Michelle McKenzie, Lee Ann Jordison Keeler, and Roger Winters
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Referral, Narcotic Antagonists, Telehealth, Article, Humans, Medicine, Retrospective Studies, Harm reduction, business.industry, Telephone call, Opioid overdose, Opioid use disorder, General Medicine, Emergency department, Opioid-Related Disorders, medicine.disease, Telemedicine, Buprenorphine, Emergency medicine, Emergency Medicine, Female, Drug Overdose, Emergency Service, Hospital, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: Introduction An ED visit for opioid overdose may be a person's only contact with the medical and behavioral health care systems and is an important opportunity to reduce risk of subsequent overdose and death. While ED initiatives to engage people with opioid use disorder (OUD) are being increasingly implemented, there are significant gaps in the receipt of services at the time of the ED encounter. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study of an outreach pilot project providing real-time telehealth delivered buprenorphine initiation and referral to community harm reduction and addiction treatment services via a follow up telephone call to patients after an ED visit for an opioid overdose. Results From January 2020 to April 2021 there were 606 patients with an ED visit for an opioid overdose eligible for a callback. Of the 606 eligible patients, 254/645 (42%) patients could be contacted and accepted service and/or treatment referrals. Fifteen patients were connected same-day to a buprenorphine prescriber for a telehealth encounter and, of connected patients, nine received a buprenorphine prescription. Conclusion A post-ED follow up telephone call protocol is an opportunity to improve treatment engagement and access to buprenorphine for patients at high risk for opioid overdose and death.
Published: 2021

25. Childhood obesity on the rise during COVID‐19: A request for global leaders to change the trajectory

Author: T. Alafia Samuels, Nicola Gray, Tanya Narang, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, and Marie Hauerslev
Subjects: Pediatric Obesity, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Nutrition and Dietetics, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Global Leadership, COVID-19, Medicine (miscellaneous), medicine.disease, Obesity, Childhood obesity, Endocrinology, Risk Factors, Environmental health, Perspective, Humans, Medicine, Child, business
Abstract: Childhood obesity has been rising in all world regions - 2019 estimates were that 158 million children aged 5-19 are living with obesity, of whom many live in LMICs1 . Yet there has been limited to no progress to halt the rise in more than 20 years and this number is projected to increase to 254 million by 20301 . NCD Child, a global multi-stakeholder coalition focused on the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in children, is concerned with the rising rates of obesity during childhood and its consequences.
Published: 2021

26. Psychiatric comorbidity in the Baltimore ECA follow-up study: the matrix approach

Author: Gerald Nestadt, Ruben Miozzo, Jack Samuels, O. Joseph Bienvenu, and William W. Eaton
Subjects: education.field_of_study, medicine.medical_specialty, Health (social science), Social Psychology, Epidemiology, business.industry, Population, Alcohol dependence, medicine.disease, Comorbidity, Psychiatry and Mental health, Mood disorders, mental disorders, Cohort, Medicine, Anxiety, Major depressive disorder, medicine.symptom, business, education, Psychiatry, Depression (differential diagnoses)
Abstract: Psychiatric comorbidity is defined as the joint occurrence of two or more mental or substance use disorders. Widespread psychiatric comorbidity has been reported in treatment and population-based studies. The aim of this study was to measure the extent and impact of psychiatric comorbidity in a cohort of the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area study. We examined the comorbidity burden of 16 mental disorders in a cohort of 847 participants using both established and novel analytical approaches The Comorbidity to Diagnosis Inflation Ratio (CDIR), is a statistical instrument that quantifies impact of pairwise comorbid associations, both on the whole sample, as well as on each specific disorder. Most anxiety disorders had substantial co-occurrence with each other, as well as with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). In addition, mood disorders had a high degree of comorbidity with Alcohol Dependence (AD). The CDIR for the whole sample was 1.32, indicating a ratio of 132 comorbidities per 100 diagnoses. The conditions with high sample prevalence were relatively less comorbid than the low prevalence conditions. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder had a comorbidity burden that was 89% greater than the overall sample. Anxiety disorders are highly interrelated, as well as highly comorbid with depression. The comorbidity phenomenon is linked to the differential prevalence of the analyzed conditions. Comorbidity frequency (most prevalent comorbid condition) appears mutually exclusive to comorbidity burden (most widely interrelated condition). While AD and MDD were the most frequently diagnosed disorders; low prevalence conditions as OCD and GAD were the most widely interrelated.
Published: 2021

27. Writing Accounting Research Memos: An Instructional Case to Introduce the Basics

Author: Janet Huston and Janet A. Samuels
Subjects: Engineering, business.industry, Accounting, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Mathematics education, Accounting research, business, Education
Abstract: This case introduces students to the basics of accounting research memo construction. Accounting research memos can overwhelm students because memos involve researching the Accounting Standards Codification (ASC), analyzing the issue, and writing in a specific format using a professional tone. The case involves an audit client with a lawsuit-based contingent liability. The audit team recently received the legal representation letter and needs to document the correct accounting for the lawsuit. The applicable ASC and required journal entry are provided, allowing students to focus on memo construction. The case requires students to write an accounting research memo using the provided information. Students learn the structure and creation of accounting research memos, how to paraphrase and analyze the ASC, and thus demonstrate professional writing skills. This case is appropriate for a course that introduces students to writing accounting research memos with an assessment done by the instructor or the students themselves.
Published: 2021

28. Implementation and maintenance of an emergency department naloxone distribution and peer recovery specialist program

Author: Anna E. Wentz, Alexis Lawrence, Janette Baird, Francesca L. Beaudoin, Michael J. Mello, Elizabeth A. Samuels, Brendan Jacka, Rachel S. Wightman, Hannah N. Ziobrowski, and Brandon D.L. Marshall
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Narcotic Antagonists, symbols.namesake, Interquartile range, Naloxone, medicine, Humans, Poisson regression, Retrospective Studies, business.industry, Retrospective cohort study, Opioid overdose, General Medicine, Emergency department, Odds ratio, Opioid-Related Disorders, medicine.disease, Community hospital, Analgesics, Opioid, Opiate Overdose, Emergency medicine, Emergency Medicine, symbols, Drug Overdose, Emergency Service, Hospital, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE Emergency department (ED)-based naloxone distribution and peer-based behavioral counseling have been shown to be feasible, but little is known about utilization maintenance over time and clinician, patient, and visit level factors influencing implementation. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of an ED overdose prevention program providing take-home naloxone, behavioral counseling, and treatment linkage for patients treated for an opioid overdose at two Rhode Island EDs from 2017 to 2020: one tertiary referral center and a community hospital. Utilizing a Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework, we evaluated program reach, adoption, implementation modifiers, and maintenance using logistic and Poisson regression. RESULTS Seven hundred forty two patients were discharged after an opioid overdose, comprising 966 visits (median: 32 visits per month; interquartile range: 29, 41). At least one intervention was provided at most (86%, 826/966) visits. Take-home naloxone was provided at 69% of visits (637/919). Over half (51%, 495/966) received behavioral counseling and treatment referral (65%, 609/932). Almost all attending physicians provided take-home naloxone (97%, 105/108), behavioral counseling (95%, 103/108), or treatment referral (95%, 103/108) at least once. Most residents and advanced practice practitioners (APPs) provided take home naloxone (78% residents; 72% APPs), behavioral counseling (76% residents; 67% APPs), and treatment referral (80% residents; 81% APPs) at least once. Most clinicians provided these services for over half of the opioid overdose patients they cared for. Patients were twice as likely to receive behavioral counseling when treated by an attending in combination with a resident and/or APP (adjusted odds ratio: 2.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.68, 3.12) compared to an attending alone. There was no depreciation in use over time. CONCLUSIONS ED naloxone distribution, behavioral counseling, and referral to treatment can be successfully integrated into usual emergency care and maintained over time with high reach and adoption. Further work is needed to identify low-cost implementation strategies to improve services use and dissemination across clinical settings.
Published: 2021

29. Wireless Last Mile Study in Rural Areas

Author: Galih Nugraha Nurkahfi, Christoporus Ivan Samuels, and Bagus Aditya
Subjects: Voice over IP, business.product_category, business.industry, Computer science, ComputerSystemsOrganization_COMPUTER-COMMUNICATIONNETWORKS, Local area network, Backhaul (telecommunications), Rural Internet, Internet access, The Internet, Last mile, Hop (telecommunications), business, Telecommunications
Abstract: Internet access has become a primary human need. During the COVID 19 pandemics, almost all activities such as studying and working online. However, several rural areas still did not have internet access due to weak cellular signals. Internet access in rural areas can have various alternatives, such as VSAT (satellite). It needs an inexpensive and precise way to complete the internet access coverage because many customers were concentrated in areas far from the VSAT terminal. WLAN 802.11n was an alternative way to expand the range of internet coverage with low cost and easy implementation. Our case study uses the 5GHz frequency with a sectoral antenna as the multi-hop point-to-point backhaul network's frequency to avoid the risk of channel interference on the backhaul. On the other hand, 2.4GHz frequency with an omnidirectional antenna serves smartphone customers. On the test results, the network latency between multihop access point, has a maximum value of 19,894 ms. This result means that the latency obtained can be categorized as preferred VoIP services based on ITUT G.1010 in the local network. Then for the customer on the fourth hop, 3968 meters from the VSAT terminal, the UDP data rate of 1.04Mbps was stable, and the TCP data rate decreased to 1.26Mbps. This paper emphasizes the use of multihop 5Ghz WLAN 802.11n as a backhaul to expand internet access coverage from VSAT in rural areas, where the concentration of customers was far apart and there were many buffalo horn barriers in traditional homes and buildings.
Published: 2021

30. Comprehensive assessment of the effect of eye plaque tilt on tumor dosimetry

Author: Zelia M. Correa, Matthew T. Studenski, Arnold M. Markoe, Elizabeth Bossart, J. William Harbour, and Stuart E. Samuels
Subjects: business.industry, Eye Neoplasms, medicine.medical_treatment, Brachytherapy, Plaque brachytherapy, Ultrasound, Radiotherapy Dosage, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Tilt (optics), Increased risk, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, medicine, Humans, Dosimetry, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Tumor location, Radiometry, Radiation treatment planning, business, Nuclear medicine, Melanoma
Abstract: PURPOSE: Tilting of the posterior plaque margin during eye plaque brachytherapy can lead to tumor underdosing and increased risk of local recurrence. We performed a quantitative analysis of the dosimetric effects of plaque tilt as a function of tumor position, basal dimension, height and plaque type using 3D treatment planning software. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Posterior and anterior tumors with largest basal dimensions of 6, 12 and 18 mm and heights of 4, 7 and 10 mm were modeled. Both Eye Physics and COMS plaques were simulated and uniformly loaded. Plans were normalized to 85 Gy at the tumor apex. Posterior plaque tilts of 1, 2, 3 and 4 mm were simulated. RESULTS: Volumetric coverage is more sensitive to tilt than the area coverage. Wide, flat tumors are more susceptible to tilt. Apical dose changed significantly as a function of tumor height and diameter. No other parameter exhibited significant differences. Posterior tumors are slightly more susceptible to tilt due to the use of notched plaques. Plaque type does not significantly alter the effect of plaque tilt. CONCLUSIONS: Wide, flat tumors are the most susceptible to plaque tilt. Tumor location or plaque type does not have a significant effect on dosimetry changes from plaque tilt. Robust clinical procedures such as the use of mattress sutures, pre- and post-implant ultrasound and post-implant dosimetry can all mitigate the risk associated with plaque tilt.
Published: 2021

31. Blood Pressure in the First 6 Hours Following Endovascular Treatment for Ischemic Stroke Is Associated with Outcome

Author: Samuels, Noor, van de Graaf, Rob A., van den Berg, Carlijn A. L., Venema, Simone M. Uniken, Bala, Kujtesa, van Doormaal, Pieter Jan, van der Steen, Wouter, Witvoet, Elbert, Boiten, Jelis, den Hertog, Heleen, Schonewille, Wouter J., Hofmeijer, Jeannette, Schreuder, Floris, Schreuder, Tobien A. H. C. M. L., van der Worp, H. Bart, Roos, Yvo B. W. E. M., Majoie, Charles B. L. M., Burke, James F., van Es, Adriaan C. G. M., van der Lugt, Aad, Roozenbeek, Bob, Lingsma, Hester F., Dippel, Diederik W. J., van Oostenbrugge, Robert Jan, van Zwam, Wim, Goldhoorn, Robert-Jan, Staals, Julie, Postma - Jacobi, Linda, Public Health, Neurology, Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, ACS - Atherosclerosis & ischemic syndromes, ANS - Neurovascular Disorders, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, ACS - Microcirculation, MUMC+: Hersen en Zenuw Centrum (3), RS: Carim - B05 Cerebral small vessel disease, MUMC+: MA Neurologie (3), Klinische Neurowetenschappen, RS: Carim - B06 Imaging, Beeldvorming, MUMC+: DA BV Medisch Specialisten Radiologie (9), MUMC+: MA AIOS Neurologie (9), MUMC+: MA Med Staf Spec Neurologie (9), RS: MHeNs - R1 - Cognitive Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, MUMC+: DA BV AIOS Radiologie (9), and MUMC+: DA BV AIOS Nucleaire Geneeskunde (9)
Subjects: Male, Original Contributions, MULTICENTER, THERAPY, law.invention, Randomized controlled trial, law, Modified Rankin Scale, Acute ischemic stroke, Stroke, Endovascular Procedures, blood pressure, THROMBECTOMY, Middle Aged, Disorders of movement Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 3], reperfusion, SAFETY, Hypertension, Cardiology, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, TRIAL, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Intracranial Hemorrhages, guideline, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Clinical and Population Sciences, All institutes and research themes of the Radboud University Medical Center, Internal medicine, SCORE, medicine, ischemic stroke, Humans, cardiovascular diseases, Endovascular treatment, Aged, Advanced and Specialized Nursing, cerebral hemorrhage, business.industry, Odds ratio, Recovery of Function, medicine.disease, Blood pressure, Ischemic stroke, Neurology (clinical), business
Abstract: Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text., Background and Purpose: Optimal blood pressure (BP) management in the acute phase of ischemic stroke remains an unresolved issue. It is uncertain whether guidelines for BP management during and after intravenous alteplase can be extrapolated to endovascular treatment (EVT) for stroke due to large artery occlusion in the anterior circulation. We evaluated the associations between systolic BP (SBP) in the first 6 hours following EVT and functional outcome as well as symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. Methods: Patients of 8 MR CLEAN (Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke in the Netherlands) Registry centers, with available data on SBP in the 6 hours following EVT, were analyzed. We evaluated maximum, minimum, and mean SBP. Study outcomes were functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale) at 90 days and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. We used multivariable ordinal and binary regression analysis to adjust for important prognostic factors and studied possible effect modification by successful reperfusion. Results: Post-EVT SBP data were available for 1161/1796 patients. Higher maximum SBP (per 10 mm Hg increments) was associated with worse functional outcome (adjusted common odds ratio, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.88–0.98]) and a higher rate of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (adjusted odds ratio, 1.17 [95% CI, 1.02–1.36]). The association between minimum SBP and functional outcome was nonlinear with an inflection point at 124 mm Hg. Minimum SBP lower and higher than the inflection point were associated with worse functional outcomes (adjusted common odds ratio, 0.85 per 10 mm Hg decrements [95% CI, 0.76–0.95] and adjusted common odds ratio, 0.81 per 10 mm Hg increments [95% CI, 0.71–0.92]). No association between mean SBP and functional outcome was observed. Successful reperfusion did not modify the relation of SBP with any of the outcomes. Conclusions: Maximum SBP in the first 6 hours following EVT is positively associated with worse functional outcome and an increased risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. Both lower and higher minimum SBP are associated with worse outcomes. A randomized trial to evaluate whether modifying post-intervention SBP results in better outcomes after EVT for ischemic stroke seems justified.
Published: 2021

32. Improving self-reported empathy and communication skills through harm in healthcare response training

Author: Chii-Hui Peterson, Julie Thompson, Aimee Samuels, Marion E. Broome, and Timothy B. McDonald
Subjects: Medical education, Harm, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Health care, Empathy, Peer support, Second victim, Communication skills, Psychology, business, Training (civil), media_common
Abstract: Objective Communication and Resolution Programs (CRP) were developed to equip healthcare organizations with tools to respond when physical and psychological harm occurs. Our objective was to assess development of empathic behaviors and communication skills through CRP training based upon the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) CANDOR toolkit to assess the ability to develop and improve empathic behaviors and communication skills. Methods The Jefferson Scale of Empathy, the CANDOR Communication Assessment Questionnaire and a self-assessment were used pre- and post-intervention to analyze development of empathy, growth of communication, and improvement in confidence and knowledge through 6 h of virtual education over a six-week course. Results Self-reported communication, confidence and knowledge improved with statistical significance and small to moderate effect size in both men and women. A statistically significant improvement of self-reported empathy scores t (22) = 2.23, p = .037; (95% CI = 0.41 to 11.5) for women only represented a small to moderate effect size (Cohen’s d = 0.46). While there was no improvement in Cognitive Complexity, (Cohen’s d = 0.065) mean pre-post .42 (SD = 6.52); Message Design Logic improved with statistical significance in paired pre-and post-assessment (Z = -3.28, p = .001). Notably, previous attendance at CANDOR classes demonstrated no impact on improvement of scores. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate improvement in self-reported empathy and communication skills through harm in healthcare response training. Healthcare organizations should carefully consider investing in CANDOR training for the benefit of patients, their families, and healthcare workforce members.
Published: 2021

33. Pandemic and bills: The impact of COVID-19 on energy usage of schools in South Africa

Author: J.A. Samuels, Marthinus J. Booysen, and S.S. Grobbelaar
Subjects: Occupancy, bepress|Engineering, Natural resource economics, Smart meter, Energy (esotericism), Geography, Planning and Development, engrXiv|Engineering|Electrical and Computer Engineering|Power and Energy, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Article, School responses, Carry (investment), bepress|Engineering|Electrical and Computer Engineering, Pandemic, engrXiv|Engineering|Civil and Environmental Engineering, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, bepress|Engineering|Electrical and Computer Engineering|Power and Energy, COVID-19, Differential (mechanical device), Energy usage, School energy profiles, School electricity, Base load power plant, engrXiv|Engineering, bepress|Engineering|Civil and Environmental Engineering, engrXiv|Engineering|Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carbon footprint, Business
Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic continues to wreak havoc on global operations and economies. Inadvertently, lock-downs and working from home have reduced the daily carbon footprints of inter alia transport and office buildings. A beneficial consequence of carbon footprint reductions is the ability to measure the differential demand of occupants, to benchmark the base load of buildings, and identify opportunities for efficiency improvements. In this paper we evaluate the change in energy demand in five public schools in South Africa with changes in occupancy due to the COVID-19-imposed lockdowns. We make recommendations to carry these savings into the everyday operation of the schools, and estimate the savings for forthcoming closures.
Published: 2021

34. Coronary microvascular dysfunction: Considerations for diagnosis and treatment

Author: Babak Azarbal, Bruce Samuels, Janet Wei, Lili Barsky, Chrisandra Shufelt, C. Noel Bairey Merz, and Benita Tjoe
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Microcirculation, Myocardial Ischemia, Ischemia, Abnormal dilation, Coronary Artery Disease, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Pathophysiology, Constriction, Diagnostic modalities, Angina, Coronary artery disease, Coronary Circulation, Internal medicine, Cardiology, Humans, Medicine, Female, business
Abstract: Ischemia and no obstructive coronary artery disease (INOCA) is an increasingly recognized cause of angina, and it is more commonly diagnosed in women. Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD), or the abnormal dilation and constriction of the small vessels of the heart, is the underlying cause of INOCA in one-half of cases. This review discusses coronary microvascular pathophysiology, considerations for invasive coronary function testing and noninvasive diagnostic modalities, implications for management, and remaining knowledge gaps.
Published: 2021

35. Early detection of Pre-XDR TB with line probe assay in a high TB burden country

Author: Jay Osi Samuels, Saheed Opeyemi Usman, Toyin Jolayemi, Laura Madukaji, Abubakar Usman, Uche Oyedum, Prosper Okonkwo, Femi Owolagba, AS Adedeji, Isaac Okohu, Abdullah Enagi, and Eke Ofuche
Subjects: Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Tuberculosis, Capreomycin, Pre-XDR TB, line probe assay in a high TB burden country, business.industry, Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, Aminoglycoside, Antitubercular Agents, Early detection, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Early initiation, Pre-XDR-TB, Internal medicine, Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant, Humans, Medicine, Line Probe Assay, business, Rifampicin, medicine.drug
Abstract: Background: Worldwide, tuberculosis (TB) is one of the top 10 causes of death. Drug resistant tuberculosis has lately become a major public health problem that threatens progress made in Tuberculosis (TB) care and control worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Pre-extensive drug resistant TB among MDR TB in North Central of Nigeria. Methods: This study was conducted from October, 2018 to August, 2019 with 150 samples. In Nigeria, guidelines for DR-TB as recommended by WHO is followed. All the samples from the patients who gave their consent were transported to a zonal reference TB laboratory (ZRL). Results: Mean age was 38.6 ± 13.4 years with peak age at 35-44. Out of these 103 samples processed with LPA, 101(98%) were rifampicin resistant and 2 were rifampicin sensitive, 99(96%) were INH resistant and 4 (4%) were INH sensitive, 5(5%) were fluoroquinolone resistant, 98(95%) were fluoroquinolone sensitive, 12 (12%) were Aminoglycoside + Capreomycin resistant, 91(83%) were Aminoglycoside + Capreomycin sensitive. Conclusion: Multidrug resistant TB and its severe forms (Pre-extensive & extensively drug resistant TB) can be detected early with rapid tool- Line Probe Assay rapid and prevented timely by early initiation on treatment. Keywords: Pre-XDR TB; line probe assay in a high TB burden country.
Published: 2021

36. Effects of the substitution of fishmeal with mealworm meal on enzymes, haemolymph and intestinal microbiota of the Pacific white shrimp

Author: Richard Ian Samuels, Cristina Rios, Felipe do Nascimento Vieira, J. De Dea Lindner, Débora Machado Fracalossi, Roseane L. Panini, Carlos P. Silva, and L.A. Acordi Menezes
Subjects: Mealworm, 0303 health sciences, animal structures, business.industry, fungi, Litopenaeus, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Biology, Gut flora, biology.organism_classification, Shrimp, Shrimp farming, 03 medical and health sciences, Fish meal, Aquaculture, Insect Science, 040102 fisheries, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Food science, Digestion, business, 030304 developmental biology, Food Science
Abstract: Shrimp farming is one profitable sector of aquaculture and the Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is the most cultivated species worldwide. Nutrition is considered as one of the greatest challenges in shrimp farming due to its dependence on fishmeal (FM) as an ingredient in the feed. The main goal of the present work was to analyse if the substitution of FM by yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) meal (TM) influences digestive enzyme expression, haemolymph parameters or the intestinal microbiota of shrimp juveniles. Shrimps (average initial weight 4.42±0.02 g) were fed five experimental diets where FM protein was gradually substituted by TM protein (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%). The shrimps were fed four times per day with an amount equivalent to approximately 6% of their biomass for 42 days. The total haemocyte count, protein concentration and prophenoloxidase activity in the haemolymph were not significantly altered (P>0.05) when FM was substituted by TM. However, the agglutinating activity of shrimp serum determined against dog erythrocytes was higher in the shrimp group fed 25% TM. The absolute and specific activities of trypsin, chymotrypsin, lipase, α-amylase and the patterns of proteolytic activities were not affected by the dietary treatments. The shrimp gut bacterial microbiota profile was similar with the genera Pseudoalteromonas, Rubritalea, Ruegeria, Tenacibaculum, and Vibrio detected. These results show that TM is viable alternative for the replacement of FM, without any deleterious effects on expression of key digestive enzymes, gut microbiota or the immune system of the Pacific white shrimp.
Published: 2021

37. Hypothyroidism May Increase the Risk of Developing Dementia, at Least in Younger People

Author: Mary H. Samuels
Subjects: Gerontology, business.industry, medicine, Dementia, General Medicine, Younger people, medicine.disease, business
Published: 2021

38. Safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of PfSPZ Vaccine against malaria in infants in western Kenya: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial

Author: Ginnie Abarbanell, Allan Dungani, Elizabeth L Nzuu, Robert A. Seder, Thomas L. Richie, David Styers, Salim Abdulla, Ryan E. Wiegand, Eric R. James, Winnie Chebore, Peter F. Billingsley, Dennis K. Bii, Simon Kariuki, Tony Sang, B. Kim Lee Sim, Maxmillian Mpina, Kephas Otieno, Paul Ndaya Oloo, Aaron M. Samuels, Martina Oneko, Gail E Potter, Dorcas Akach, Said Jongo, Natasha Kc, Laura C. Steinhardt, Phillip A. Swanson, Reuben Yego, Stephen L. Hoffman, Julie Gutman, and Claudia Daubenberger
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, biology, business.industry, Plasmodium falciparum, General Medicine, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Vaccine efficacy, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, PfSPZ vaccine, Vaccination, Tolerability, Immunity, Internal medicine, parasitic diseases, medicine, business, Adverse effect, Malaria
Abstract: The radiation-attenuated Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite (PfSPZ) vaccine provides protection against P. falciparum infection in malaria-naive adults. Preclinical studies show that T cell-mediated immunity is required for protection and is readily induced in humans after vaccination. However, previous malaria exposure can limit immune responses and vaccine efficacy (VE) in adults. We hypothesized that infants with less previous exposure to malaria would have improved immunity and protection. We conducted a multi-arm, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 336 infants aged 5–12 months to determine the safety, tolerability, immunogenicity and efficacy of the PfSPZ Vaccine in infants in a high-transmission malaria setting in western Kenya ( NCT02687373 ). Groups of 84 infants each received 4.5 × 105, 9.0 × 105 or 1.8 × 106 PfSPZ Vaccine or saline three times at 8-week intervals. The vaccine was well tolerated; 52 (20.6%) children in the vaccine groups and 20 (23.8%) in the placebo group experienced related solicited adverse events (AEs) within 28 d postvaccination and most were mild. There was 1 grade 3-related solicited AE in the vaccine group (0.4%) and 2 in the placebo group (2.4%). Seizures were more common in the highest-dose group (14.3%) compared to 6.0% of controls, with most being attributed to malaria. There was no significant protection against P. falciparum infection in any dose group at 6 months (VE in the 9.0 × 105 dose group = −6.5%, P = 0.598, the primary statistical end point of the study). VE against clinical malaria 3 months after the last dose in the highest-dose group was 45.8% (P = 0.027), an exploratory end point. There was a dose-dependent increase in antibody responses that correlated with VE at 6 months in the lowest- and highest-dose groups. T cell responses were undetectable across all dose groups. Detection of Vδ2+Vγ9+ T cells, which have been correlated with induction of PfSPZ Vaccine T cell immunity and protection in adults, were infrequent. These data suggest that PfSPZ Vaccine-induced T cell immunity is age-dependent and may be influenced by Vδ2+Vγ9+ T cell frequency. Since there was no significant VE at 6 months in these infants, these vaccine regimens will likely not be pursued further in this age group. The PfSPZ Vaccine does not protect infants from infection with Plasmodium falciparum, the major cause of malaria.
Published: 2021

39. Impact of insurance status, hospital ownership type, and children’s hospital designation on outcomes for pediatric neurosurgery patients following spasticity procedures in the USA

Author: Shenae Samuels, Vivian Hagerty, Tamar Levene, Emilio Hospedales, Amaris L. Alayon, Heather Spader, and James A. Botros
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Inpatient mortality, business.industry, Mortality rate, Retrospective cohort study, General Medicine, Insurance status, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Emergency medicine, medicine, Neurology (clinical), Neurosurgery, Spasticity, medicine.symptom, business, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, Medicaid
Abstract: This study aims to examine the relationship between insurance status, hospital ownership type, and children’s hospital designation with outcomes for pediatric patients undergoing neurosurgical treatment for spasticity. This retrospective cohort study utilized the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Kids’ Inpatient Database and included 11,916 pediatric patients (≤ 17 years of age) who underwent neurosurgical treatment for spasticity between 2006 and 2012 using ICD-9-CM procedure codes. Uninsured patients had a significantly shorter hospital length of stay compared to Medicaid patients (−1.42 days, P = 0.030) as did privately insured patients (−0.74 days; P = 0.035). Discharge disposition and inpatient mortality rate were not associated with insurance status. There were no significant associations with hospital ownership type. Free-standing children’s hospitals retained patients significantly longer compared to non-children’s hospitals (+1.48 days; P = 0.012) and had a significantly higher likelihood of favorable discharge disposition (P = 0.004). Mortality rate was not associated with children’s hospital designation. Pediatric patients undergoing neurosurgical treatment for spasticity were more likely to stay in the hospital longer if they were insured by Medicaid or treated in a free-standing children’s hospital. In addition, patients in free standing children’s hospitals were more likely to be discharged with a favorable disposition.
Published: 2021

40. Changing Patterns of Commercial Sex Work Amongst Adolescent Girls in Nepal: The Role of Technology

Author: Anita Ghimire, Fiona Samuels, and Sarmila Mainali
Subjects: business.industry, Geography, Planning and Development, Psychological intervention, Development, Public relations, Development studies, Work (electrical), Phone, Mediation, Social media, Sociology, business, Qualitative research, Sex work
Abstract: The introduction of technology, particularly mobile phones, in the mediation of commercial sex work (CSW) has meant that sex work is expanding from traditional venue based (such as through hotels and massage parlors) work to freelance sex work. It has also changed the face-to-face negotiation in commercial sex work to negotiations mediated online or by phone. Apart from a few programmes, interventions largely use establishments as entry points for their programming and are therefore excluding many girls and women who engage in CSW through personal contacts or facilitated by social media. This article is based on a two-year qualitative study in four districts of Nepal, in Delhi (India), and the Indo-Nepal border in eastern Nepal. It gives a short overview of the girls and their life in the adult entertainment sector (AES), which is the main entry point for CSW, and discusses how technology is increasingly used to mediate CSW. Based on our findings, which show that technology is displacing establishment-based CSW in Nepal, we argue that to ensure that we do not leave girls behind, programmes and interventions targeting venues where girls engage in CSW should re-consider their strategies for reaching girls working in the AES.
Published: 2021

41. Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody reactivity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: analysis of a multi-racial and multi-ethnic cohort

Author: Amit Saxena, Katerina Svigos, Brian Jaros, Janine Sullivan, Alexis J Engel, Pamela Rosenthal, Alexa Steuer, H. Michael Belmont, Miao Chang, Euna Lee, Trevor Young, Yamen Homsi, Andres Piatti, Susan Katz, Mala Masson, Julie Nusbaum, Natalie Azar, Mayce Haj-Ali, Brian D. Golden, Kavini Mehta, Michael Golpanian, Jordan E. Axelrad, Robin Lipschitz, Bruce Garner, Vaish Sekar, Rochelle Castillo, Joshua Novack, Michael Colin, Nazia Hussain, Andrew Porges, Jonathan Samuels, Keshav Mangalick, Lauren Rangel, Ruth Fernandez-Ruiz, Stephen Smiles, Connor Peterson, Stelios Viennas, Paula Rackoff, Steven Carsons, Rebecca H. Haberman, Anang Modi, Soumya M. Reddy, Fardina Malik, Mimi Y. Kim, Jill P. Buyon, Robert Lesser, Kaitlyn Yin, Avani Kolla, Samrachana Adhikari, Sicy Lee, Avram Goldberg, Simon Hong, Shannon Chang, Ashira D Blazer, Andrea L. Neimann, Bruce Solitar, Philip M. Carlucci, Allison Guttmann, Lauren Fried, Jessica Hoey, Di Yan, David Hudesman, Andrea B. Troxel, Gary Zagon, Gary Solomon, Craig Smuda, Alan Chen, Lindsey Quintana, Jose U. Scher, Konstantin Brodetskiy, Benjamin Plotz, Shruti Shankar, Deborah Ramirez, Rebecca B Blank, Peter M. Izmirly, Kimberly Robins, Lenore Brancato, Kristina K Deonaraine, Lily Cao, Lauren Wong, Harry Shen, Sabina Sandigursky, Eileen Lydon, and Jennifer Stein
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Systemic lupus erythematosus, biology, business.industry, Immunology, Ethnic group, Arthritis, Articles, medicine.disease, Serology, Immune system, Rheumatology, Internal medicine, Humoral immunity, Cohort, biology.protein, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, Antibody, skin and connective tissue diseases, business
Abstract: Summary Background Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are at risk of developing COVID-19 due to underlying immune abnormalities and regular use of immunosuppressant medications. We aimed to evaluate the presence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in patients with SLE with or without previous COVID-19-related symptoms or RT-PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods For this analysis, we included patients with SLE from two cohorts based in New York City: the Web-based Assessment of Autoimmune, Immune-Mediated and Rheumatic Patients during the COVID-19 pandemic (WARCOV) study; and the NYU Lupus Cohort (a prospective registry of patients at NYU Langone Health and NYC Health + Hospitals/Bellevue). Patients in both cohorts were tested for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies via commercially available immunoassays, processed through hospital or outpatient laboratories. Patients recruited from the NYU Lupus Cohort, referred from affiliated providers, or admitted to hospital with COVID-19 were tested for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies as part of routine surveillance during follow-up clinical visits. Findings 329 patients with SLE were included in this analysis, 146 from the WARCOV study and 183 from the NYU Lupus Cohort, and were tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies between April 29, 2020, and Feb 9, 2021. 309 (94%) were women and 91 (28%) were of Hispanic ethnicity. 51 (16%) of 329 patients had a positive SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody test. Seropositive patients were more likely than seronegative patients to be Hispanic (24 [47%] of 51 vsz 67 [24%] of 278). Other demographic variables, SLE-specific factors, and immunosuppressant use were not associated with SARS-CoV-2 positivity. Of the 29 patients with COVID-19 previously confirmed by RT-PCR, 18 (62%) were on immunosuppressants; 24 (83%) of 29 patients tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies. Of 17 patients who had symptoms of COVID-19 but negative concurrent RT-PCR testing, one (6%) developed an antibody response. Of 26 patients who had COVID-19-related symptoms but did not undergo RT-PCR testing, six (23%) developed an antibody response. Of 83 patients who had no symptoms of COVID-19 and no RT-PCR testing, four (5%) developed an antibody response. Among 36 patients who were initially SARS-CoV-2 IgG positive, the majority maintained reactivity serially (88% up to 10 weeks, 83% up to 20 weeks, and 80% up to 30 weeks). Seven (70%) of ten patients with confirmed COVID-19 had antibody positivity beyond 30 weeks from disease onset. Interpretation Most patients with SLE and confirmed COVID-19 were able to produce and maintain a serological response despite the use of a variety of immunosuppressants, providing reassurance about the efficacy and durability of humoral immunity and possible protection against re-infection with SARS-CoV-2. Funding National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, and Bloomberg Philanthropies COVID-19 Response Initiative Grant.
Published: 2021

42. Determining the incidence of postbariatric surgery emergency department utilization: an analysis of a statewide insurance database

Author: Heather Carmichael, Laura Helmkamp, Jason M. Samuels, Jonathan A. Schoen, and Kevin Rothchild
Subjects: Adult, Sleeve gastrectomy, medicine.medical_specialty, Post bariatric surgery, medicine.medical_treatment, Psychological intervention, Bariatric Surgery, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, computer.software_genre, Insurance, 03 medical and health sciences, Postoperative Complications, 0302 clinical medicine, Health care, Humans, Medicine, Cpt codes, Retrospective Studies, Database, business.industry, Incidence, Incidence (epidemiology), Emergency department, Obesity, Morbid, Surgery, Female, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Emergency Service, Hospital, business, computer, Resource utilization
Abstract: Background Prior studies have found rates of emergency department (ED) visits after bariatric surgery approach 15% with the majority (>60%) not requiring admission. The timeframe for which ED utilization remains elevated postoperatively remains unknown. We hypothesize that ED utilization following bariatric surgery remains elevated for months after surgery with the majority of visits not requiring admission. Objective No study has determined the impact bariatric surgery has on health care resource utilization in the two years following surgery. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of ED visitation in the 2 years following bariatric surgery. Settings Database study, single state-wide insurance database. Methods We queried the Colorado All Payers Claim Database. Patients with data 1 year before and 2 years after surgery were included. Primary outcomes of interest were ED visits or readmissions during the 2-year period. Bariatric surgeries were identified using CPT codes. Diagnoses for an ED visit or readmission were determined by ICD codes. Results A total of 5399 patients underwent bariatric surgery from January 2013–November 2017. Of these, 59% underwent sleeve gastrectomy, 38% Roux-en-Y, 2% gastric band, and 1% another surgery. Median age was 44 (IQR 35–54) years, and 82% were female. Overall, 3103 patients (57%) visited the ED at least once with a total of 12,988 visits, 1267 of which (9.8%) resulted in admission. ED use was highest in the 30 days following surgery (17%) but remained above presurgery baseline for 8 months (7.4% at 8 mo compared with baseline mean 6.4% [95% CI 6.0%–6.8%]). Conclusions ED visits remain elevated for 8 months post bariatric surgery with over 90% of visits not requiring an admission. Interventions that prevent emergency department utilization should be key focus of quality improvement projects to limit health care resource utilization following bariatric surgery.
Published: 2021

43. Is Persistent Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder a Milder Form of Tourette Syndrome?

Author: Sang-Wahn Koo, Erica Greenberg, Daniel A. Geller, Matthew E. Hirschtritt, Mary M. Robertson, Benjamin D. Greenberg, Robert A. King, Karla Claudio-Campos, James A. Knowles, Jack Samuels, Mark A. Riddle, Cornelia Illmann, Oscar J. Bienvenu, Lisa Osiecki, Gholson J. Lyon, Gerald Nestadt, Cathy Budman, Sabrina M. Darrow, Jeremiah M. Scharf, Janice Krasnow, Daniel A. Stevens, Marco A. Grados, James T. McCracken, Carol A. Mathews, Danielle C. Cath, Guy A. Rouleau, Paul Sandor, Fernando S. Goes, Franjo Ivankovic, Paul C. Lee, and Alexa Valko
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Tic disorder, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Movement disorders, Population, severity, Regular Issue Articles, Comorbidity, Tourette syndrome, chronic tics, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, mental disorders, medicine, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Humans, Spectrum disorder, education, Research Articles, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Tourette, medicine.disease, meta-analysis, 030104 developmental biology, Mood, Neurology, meta‐analysis, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Tic Disorders, Tics, Anxiety, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Research Article, Tourette Syndrome
Abstract: Background Persistent motor or vocal tic disorder (PMVT) has been hypothesized to be a forme fruste of Tourette syndrome (TS). Although the primary diagnostic criterion for PMVT (presence of motor or vocal tics, but not both) is clear, less is known about its clinical presentation. Objective The goals of this study were to compare the prevalence and number of comorbid psychiatric disorders, tic severity, age at tic onset, and family history for TS and PMVT. Methods We analyzed data from two independent cohorts using generalized linear equations and confirmed our findings using meta-analyses, incorporating data from previously published literature. Results Rates of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were lower in PMVT than in TS in all analyses. Other psychiatric comorbidities occurred with similar frequencies in PMVT and TS in both cohorts, although meta-analyses suggested lower rates of most psychiatric disorders in PMVT compared with TS. ADHD and OCD increased the odds of comorbid mood, anxiety, substance use, and disruptive behaviors, and accounted for observed differences between PMVT and TS. Age of tic onset was approximately 2 years later, and tic severity was lower in PMVT than in TS. First-degree relatives had elevated rates of TS, PMVT, OCD, and ADHD compared with population prevalences, with rates of TS equal to or greater than PMVT rates. Conclusions Our findings support the hypothesis that PMVT and TS occur along a clinical spectrum in which TS is a more severe and PMVT a less severe manifestation of a continuous neurodevelopmental tic spectrum disorder. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Published: 2021

44. PARP-Targeted Auger Therapy in p53 Mutant Colon Cancer Xenograft Mouse Models

Author: Sheryl Roberts, Giacomo Pirovano, Zachary Samuels, Pat Zanzonico, Navjot Guru, Jill Bargonetti, Thomas C. Wilson, Marc J. Gollub, Thomas Reiner, Gu Xiao, Tara Viray, and Naga Vara Kishore Pillarsetty
Subjects: Colorectal cancer, Pharmaceutical Science, Electrons, Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors, Article, Piperazines, Theranostic Nanomedicine, Olaparib, Auger therapy, Mice, chemistry.chemical_compound, Therapeutic index, Cell Line, Tumor, Drug Discovery, Animals, Humans, Medicine, business.industry, Chemoradiotherapy, medicine.disease, Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays, chemistry, Colonic Neoplasms, Cancer cell, PARP inhibitor, Toxicity, Cancer research, Systemic administration, Phthalazines, Molecular Medicine, Female, Tumor Suppressor Protein p53, business
Abstract: Despite Auger electrons being highly appealing due to their short range and high linear energy transfer to surrounding tissue, the progress in the field has been limited due to the challenge in delivering a therapeutic dose within the close proximity of cancer cells DNA. Here, we demonstrate that the PARP inhibitor (123)I-MAPi is a viable agent for systemic administration and treatment of p53 mutant cancers. Significantly, minimal off-site toxicity was observed in mice administered with up to 74 MBq of (127)I-PARPi. Taken together, these results lay the foundation for future clinical evaluation and broader pre-clinical investigations. By harnessing the scaffold of the PARP inhibitor Olaparib, we were able to deliver therapeutic levels of Auger radiation to the site of human colorectal cancer xenograft tumors after systemic administration. In-depth toxicity studies analyzed blood chemistry levels and markers associated for specific organs toxicity. Finally, p53(+/+) and p53(−/−) human colorectal cancer cell lines were evaluated for the ability of (123)I-MAPi to induce tumor growth delay. Toxicity studies demonstrate both (123)I-MAPi and its stable isotopologue, (127)I-PARPi, have no significant off-site toxicity when administered systemically. Analysis following (123)I-MAPi treatment confirmed its ability to induce DNA damage at the site of xenograft tumors when administered systemically. Finally, we demonstrate that (123)I-MAPi generates a therapeutic response in p53(−/−,) but not p53(+/+), subcutaneous xenograft tumors in mouse models. Taken together, these results represent the first example of a PARP Auger theranostic agent capable of delivering a therapeutic dose to xenograft human colorectal cancer tumors upon systemic administration without causing significant toxicity to surrounding mouse organs. Moreover, it suggests that a PARP Auger theranostic can act as a targeted therapeutic for cancers with mutated p53 pathways. This landmark goal paves the way for clinical evaluation of (123)I-MAPi for pan cancer therapeutics.
Published: 2021

45. Association of Pepsin With Inflammatory Signaling and Effusion Viscosity in Pediatric Otitis Media

Author: Joseph E. Kerschner, Pawjai Khampang, Robert H. Chun, Ke Yan, Michael E. McCormick, Nikki Johnston, Tina L. Samuels, Mana Espahbodi, and Caroline A. McCormick
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Gastroenterology, Pepsin, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Interleukin 8, Child, biology, Otitis Media with Effusion, Viscosity, business.industry, Mucin, Infant, Interleukin, Pepsin A, Cross-Sectional Studies, Otitis, Cytokine, Otorhinolaryngology, Effusion, Child, Preschool, Neutrophil elastase, biology.protein, Female, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: OBJECTIVE Otitis media (OM) is a common inflammatory disease spectrum. Cytokine signaling, neutrophil activity, and mucin hypersecretion during recurrent and chronic OM contribute to persistent, viscous middle ear (ME) effusions, hearing loss, and potential for developmental delay. Extraesophageal reflux (EER), specifically pepsin, triggers inflammatory signaling in respiratory mucosa and is associated with OM. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of pepsin with ME inflammatory signaling and the outcomes and examine causality in vitro. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS ME fluid (MEF) and preoperative audiometric data were collected from 30 pediatric subjects undergoing tympanostomy tube placement for recurrent OM or OM with effusion. MEF viscosity was characterized by the surgeon. Pepsin, inflammatory molecules, and mucin were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). ME epithelial primary culture was exposed to 0.1 to 1 mg/ml pepsin at pH 5, 6, and 7 for 30 minutes, and cytokine expression was assayed via qPCR. RESULTS Pepsin was observed in the MEF of 77% of patients (range 71-2,734 ng/ml). Pepsin correlated with effusion viscosity, interleukins -6 and -8, neutrophil elastase, and mucin 5B (P
Published: 2021

46. Accessing and engaging with primary health care services following discharge from forensic secure services: the perspectives of service users and mental health practitioners

Author: Nicola Moran and Emily Samuels
Subjects: media_common.quotation_subject, Judgement, Population, Stigma (botany), Pathology and Forensic Medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Nursing, Agency (sociology), Health care, medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, Applied Psychology, media_common, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Mental illness, medicine.disease, Mental health, 030227 psychiatry, Psychiatry and Mental health, Feeling, business, Psychology, Law
Abstract: Purpose Physical health inequalities and mortality rates are higher amongst individuals with severe mental illness (SMI), including among forensic populations, than the general population. This paper aims to explore the experiences of individuals accessing primary health care following discharge from secure services, and the practitioners who support them. Design/methodology/approach Face-to-face qualitative interviews were conducted with service users (n = 4) and mental health practitioners (n = 4) within a forensic community mental health team in one NHS Trust in England in 2019. Data were analysed using the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Findings Four super-ordinate themes emerged: perceived importance of physical health, agency, responsibility and relationships. Service users mostly saw themselves as passive recipients of health care and prioritised their mental health over their physical health. Close working relationships meant that mental health practitioners were often the first contact for service users with any health issue and thus felt a sense of responsibility for their physical health care. Service users who did access primary care reported that consistency of professional, feeling understood and listened to without judgement or stigma were important. Practical implications Interventions for service users that include practicalities and strategies to facilitate independence in physical health care, and collaborative working between primary care and forensic mental health services, are encouraged. Originality/value This study highlights some of the unique challenges in forensics around improving physical health outcomes for individuals with SMI.
Published: 2021

47. Social Determinants of Cardiovascular Health in African American Children With CKD: An Analysis of the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) Study

Author: Joseph T. Flynn, Mark Mitsnefes, Joshua Samuels, Bradley A. Warady, Susan L. Furth, Asha Moudgil, Jennifer Roem, Tammy M. Brady, and Kristen Sgambat
Subjects: Male, Ambulatory blood pressure, Adolescent, Social Determinants of Health, Population, 030232 urology & nephrology, Logistic regression, Article, White People, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Humans, Medicine, Prospective Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Child, education, Socioeconomic status, education.field_of_study, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, medicine.disease, Health equity, Black or African American, Socioeconomic Factors, Cardiovascular Diseases, Nephrology, Child, Preschool, Female, business, Lipid profile, Dyslipidemia, Kidney disease, Demography
Abstract: Rationale & objective To identify differences in socioeconomic factors (SES) and subclinical CVD markers by race among CKiD participants and determine whether differences in CVD markers persist after adjusting for SES. Study design Analysis of 3103 visits with repeated measures from 628 children (497 Caucasian; 131 African American) enrolled in the CKiD study. Setting & participants Children with mild-moderate CKD with at least 1 CV parameter (ambulatory blood pressure, left ventricular mass index [LVMI], or lipid profile) measured. Exposures African American race OUTCOMES: Ambulatory hypertension, LVMI, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. Analytical approach Due to increased CV risks of glomerular disease, the analysis was stratified by CKD etiology. Inverse probability weighting was used to adjust for SES (health insurance, household income, maternal education, food insecurity, abnormal birth history). Linear and logistic regression were used to evaluate association of race with CV markers. Results African American children were disproportionately affected by adverse SES. African Americans with non-glomerular CKD had more ambulatory hypertension and higher LVMI, but more favorable lipid profile; after adjustment for SES, age, and sex, the magnitude of differences in these CV markers attenuated but remained statistically significant. Only LVMI differed by race in the glomerular CKD group, despite adjustment for SES. Limitations Study design limits causal inference. Conclusion African American children with CKD are disproportionately affected by socioeconomic disadvantages compared with Caucasians. The degree to which CV markers differ by race is influenced by disease etiology. African Americans with non-glomerular CKD have increased LVMI, more ambulatory hypertension and favorable lipid profile, but a trend towards attenuation in magnitude after adjustment for SES was observed. African Americans with glomerular CKD have increased LVMI, which persisted after SES adjustment. As many social determinants of health were not captured, future research should examine effects of systemic racism on CV health in this population.
Published: 2021

48. Legal Authority for Emergency Medical Services to Increase Access to Buprenorphine Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder

Author: Elizabeth A. Samuels, Melody Glenn, Derek Carr, and Corey S. Davis
Subjects: Emergency Medical Services, business.industry, Narcotic Antagonists, MEDLINE, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, Opioid overdose, Opioid use disorder, Opioid-Related Disorders, medicine.disease, United States, Buprenorphine, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Opiate Substitution Treatment, Emergency Medicine, medicine, Emergency medical services, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Medical emergency, Drug Overdose, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: Treatment with buprenorphine significantly reduces both all-cause and overdose mortality among individuals with opioid use disorder. Offering buprenorphine treatment to individuals who experience a nonfatal opioid overdose represents an opportunity to reduce opioid overdose fatalities. Although some emergency departments (EDs) initiate buprenorphine treatment, many individuals who experience an overdose either refuse transport to the ED or are transported to an ED that does not offer buprenorphine. Emergency medical services (EMS) professionals can help address this treatment gap. In this Concepts article, we describe the federal legal landscape that governs the ability of EMS professionals to administer buprenorphine treatment, and discuss state and local regulatory considerations relevant to this promising and emerging practice.
Published: 2021

49. Predictors of poor outcome despite successful endovascular treatment for ischemic stroke: results from the MR CLEAN Registry

Author: Wim H. van Zwam, Adriaan C.G.M. van Es, Yvo B.W.E.M. Roos, Diederik W.J. Dippel, Pieter Jan van Doormaal, Aad van der Lugt, Bob Roozenbeek, Wagih Ben Hassen, Noor Samuels, Hester F. Lingsma, Rob A. van de Graaf, Vicky Chalos, Heleen M.M. van Beusekom, Charles B. L. M. Majoie, Albert J Yoo, Clean Registry Investigators, Geert J. Lycklama à Nijeholt, Beeldvorming, MUMC+: DA BV Medisch Specialisten Radiologie (9), RS: Carim - B05 Cerebral small vessel disease, RS: Carim - B06 Imaging, Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Neurology, Public Health, Cardiology, Basic and Translational Research and Imaging Methodology Development in Groningen (BRIDGE), Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, ACS - Microcirculation, ANS - Neurovascular Disorders, and ACS - Atherosclerosis & ischemic syndromes
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Brain Ischemia, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Modified Rankin Scale, Internal medicine, INFECTION, medicine, IMPUTATION, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Registries, Endovascular treatment, Adverse effect, Stroke, intervention, Ischemic Stroke, Cerebral infarction, business.industry, Endovascular Procedures, General Medicine, Thrombolysis, medicine.disease, stroke, Pneumonia, Treatment Outcome, thrombectomy, Ischemic stroke, Surgery, Neurology (clinical), business, Intracranial Hemorrhages, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: BackgroundApproximately one-third of patients with ischemic stroke treated with endovascular treatment do not recover to functional independence despite rapid and successful recanalization. We aimed to quantify the importance of predictors of poor functional outcome despite successful reperfusion.MethodsWe analyzed patients from the MR CLEAN Registry between March 2014 and November 2017 with successful reperfusion (extended Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction ≥2B). First, predictors were selected based on expert opinion and were clustered according to acquisition over time (ie, baseline patient factors, imaging factors, treatment factors, and postprocedural factors). Second, several models were constructed to predict 90-day functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale (mRS)). The relative importance of individual predictors in the most extensive model was expressed by the proportion of unique added χ2 to the model of that individual predictor.ResultsOf 3180 patients, 1913 (60%) had successful reperfusion. Of these 1913 patients, 1046 (55%) were functionally dependent at 90 days (mRS >2). The most important predictors for mRS were baseline patient factors (ie, pre-stroke mRS, added χ2 0.16; National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at baseline, added χ2 0.12; age, added χ2 0.10), and postprocedural factors (ie, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), added χ2 0.12; pneumonia, added χ2 0.09). The probability of functional independence for a typical stroke patient with sICH was 54% (95% CI 36% to 72%) lower compared with no sICH, and 21% (95% CI 4% to 38%) for pneumonia compared with no pneumonia.ConclusionBaseline patient factors and postprocedural adverse events are important predictors of poor functional outcome in successfully reperfused patients with ischemic stroke. This implies that prevention of postprocedural adverse events has the greatest potential to further improve outcomes in these patients.
Published: 2022

50. The Inflation Reduction Act: Bad medicine for inflation and innovation

Author: Samuels, Marc and Greenleaf, Lindsay Bealor
Subjects: Drugs -- Innovations, Inflation (Finance) -- Economic aspects -- Laws, regulations and rules, Government regulation, Business, Health care industry
Abstract: The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (IRA) includes $437 billion in new spending, $737 billion in new taxes, and far-reaching implications for drug manufacturers and millions of Americans whose health [...]
Published: 2022

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