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53,086 results on '"Qiu A"'

1. Learning Culture in a Chinese SME: The Unique Role of Work-Family Enrichment

Author

Xie, Lei, Dirani, Khalil M., Beyerlein, Michael, and Qiu, Shaoping

Abstract

Purpose: Learning and development are critical to a business's success. This paper aims to focus on organizational factors at multiple organizational levels that facilitate learning culture in a small- and medium-sized enterprise (SME) in northwestern China. Design/methodology/approach: This study is qualitative in nature. A single case study method is used to explore an SME's organizational factors that facilitate learning culture. Findings: This paper categorizes the organizational factors into seven dimensions: shared vision, creating continuous learning opportunities, informal learning that promotes inquiry and dialogue, collaboration and team learning, knowledge management systems, work-family enrichment and encouragement and support. This paper also compares the findings with learning culture models from Western research. Research limitations/implications: Chinese culture has far-reaching and fundamental effects on many East Asian countries and regions. For SMEs in similar cultural settings with a collectivist orientation, future research may focus on the effect of the work-family enrichment on learning culture. Originality/value: Work-family enrichment was found to be an important factor that influences learning effectiveness in this Chinese small business based on traditional values in Chinese culture.

Published
2020
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2. Transformation and Rebirth of Chinese Brands: A Case from the Hotel Industry

Author

Tan, Huimin, Wan, Fang, and Qiu, Pingping

Abstract

Chinese domestic brands have developed rapidly in recent years, and yet few of them have entered global competition as product or service brands brands with exceptions such as Huawei. In addition, the evolution of Chinese brands has hardly been understood or introduced properly by international business educators. In this article, we identify the development patterns of Chinese domestic brands by using a local hotel brand as an example. Particularly, we examine and discuss how a Chinese brand can be established with specific positioning, brand image, and product offering, as well as how the brand can grow by vertical and horizontal extensions based on balancing market opportunities and the brand's own capabilities. Moreover, we expect this research to facilitate the understanding of Chinese brands among international business education.

Published
2017
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3. Investigating the impact of time allocation on family well-being in China

Author

Qianru Hong, Xukun Jiao, Xiaohang Qiu, and Aiting Xu

Subjects
family time allocation, women’s well-being, conventional gender norms, time poverty, happiness effectiveness, fixed-effects ordered logit model, Business, HF5001-6182
Abstract

This study aims to analyze the relationship between family time allocation patterns and subjective well-being of Chinese married women. Using the fixed-effect ordered logit model and data from CFPS 2014–2018, this study empirically explores the impact mechanism and heterogeneity of family time allocation patterns on married women’s well-being. The results indicate that the mode of working full-time and handling the majority of housework is an impact negatively for women, and this result is robust. Further heterogeneity analysis reveals that market work has a weaker impact on low-educated women’s well-being than housework, but this is reversed for high-educated women. In particular, the single-time poverty brought on by housework specifically reduces women’s well-being, more than that of dual-time poverty of work time and housework time. Also, the happiness efficiency resulting from women reducing housework time will increase with the rise in happiness levels. Accordingly, this paper highlights three policy implications: enhancing happiness effectiveness, optimizing family time allocation patterns, and raising women’s status. The conclusion clarifies the path to gender equality in family labor division and provides new recommendations for relevant nations on how to promote the equalized gender division of labor and enhance the standard of living for women.

Published
2024
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4. The Contribution of Information to Business Success: A LISREL Model Analysis of Manufacturers in Shanghai.

Author

Vaughan, Liwen Qiu

Abstract

Describes two studies in Shanghai, one on small and one on medium-sized businesses, that applied the linear structural relations (LISREL) model to determine the contribution of information to business development. Studies showed that information does contribute in a statistically significant way, although it is not as important as other factors such as business environment. (Author/LRW)

Published
1999

5. Social entrepreneurship orientation and corporate dual performance: A serial mediation model

Author

Rui Yi, Yili Cao, Bei Lyu, and Qiu Huang

Subjects
social entrepreneurship orientation, resource management, dual performance, chinese enterprises, resource-based view, Management. Industrial management, HD28-70, Business, HF5001-6182
Abstract

Purpose: Shouldering dual missions, social entrepreneurship-oriented enterprises often face the challenge of mission drift when confronted with environmental dynamics and limited resources. Therefore, based on the resource-based view, this article explores the mechanism of effective resource management in the process of achieving dual performance in social entrepreneurship-oriented enterprises. Design/methodology/approach: In this study, 220 enterprises in China were surveyed. A quantitative approach, utilising convenience sampling for survey distribution, was employed, and the proposed model was tested using structural equation modelling (SEM) and Fuzzy-Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA). Findings/results: We found that: (1) Social entrepreneurship orientation (SEO) has a significant positive effect on corporate dual performance. (2) Social entrepreneurship orientation positively affects corporate dual performance through resource management, and this mediating role is played through multiple paths – separate mediating roles of resource acquisition, resource integration, and resource utilisation, serial mediating roles of resource acquisition and resource integration, serial mediating roles of resource acquisition and resource utilisation, serial mediating roles of resource integration and resource utilisation, and serial mediating roles of resource acquisition, resource integration, and resource utilisation. (3) The fsQCA analysis shows that there are two ways to realise corporate dual performance, namely, social entrepreneurship orientation-dominated means and resource management-dominated means. Practical implications: Companies in a period of social transformation should pay more attention to the role of social entrepreneurship orientation. In addition, they need to take a close look at resource management to effectively alleviate the pressure they face in fulfilling their social mission and realising economic values. Originality/value: These findings not only reveal the impact of social entrepreneurship orientation on corporate dual performance and its specific mechanism but also enhance the theoretical explanation of analysing the heterogeneity of SEO practice under the resource-based view.

Published
2024
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7. Chinese multinational enterprises' corporate political capabilities in overseas markets

Author

Qiu, Zhibo, Thun, Eric, and Sako, Mari

Subjects
Management, Government, Business
Abstract

In a world of rising political uncertainty, it is increasingly challenging for firms to navigate the political landscape. Political challenges can severely affect firms' operations in overseas markets, particularly during home-host country geopolitical confrontations. Hence, it is crucial for firms to develop organisational capabilities to manage political risks and challenges. Prior research argues that variations in firms' strategic responses to host countries' political challenges are shaped by the home country's political environment. However, the existing literature appears to overlook firm-level variations within the same home country: firms may develop different relationships with the home government and, subsequently, manage government relations in different ways. Hence, my thesis seeks to address the research question: "Why do firms originating in the same country develop different political capabilities in overseas markets?" I approached this question empirically by conducting an in-depth qualitative study to investigate how Chinese firms handled host governments' national security concerns. I utilised interview and archival data to present six detailed case studies. My research findings illustrate that the heterogeneity of Chinese firms' political capabilities is shaped by their relationships with the Chinese government. My thesis first contributes to the corporate political capabilities literature by suggesting two additional antecedents - ownership and strategic importance - to explain firms' divergent responses to similar political challenges. Second, it provides an alternative explanation for firms' strategic choices between deploying internal political capabilities and/or relying on external political actors. Finally, my thesis offers practical guidance for business leaders to manage overseas political challenges.

Published
2022

9. Re-thinking Online Meetings During COVID-19 Pandemic and Moving Forward

Author

Krisnan, Kumutha, Yvonne, Ng Qiu Ting, and Silver, Rita Elaine

Subjects
Epidemics -- Influence -- Singapore, Company business planning, Company business management, Business, general, Business
Abstract

For this Voice of Experience, we draw on the experience of our research grants management unit in harnessing online platforms to hold various types of meetings during the recent local [...]

Published
2020

10. Time-of-Use Electricity Pricing and Residential Low-carbon Energy Technology Adoption

Author

Liang, Jing, Liu, Pengfei, Qiu, Yueming, Wang, Yi David, and Xing, Bo

Subjects
United States. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Tax credits, Electric utilities, Energy efficiency, Alternative energy sources, Business, Economics, Petroleum, energy and mining industries, Salt River Project (Tempe, Arizona)
Abstract

This paper provides the first empirical evidence on the correlation between TimeOf-Use (TOU) electricity pricing and the adoption of energy efficient appliances and solar panels. We use household-level data in Phoenix, Arizona from an appliance saturation survey of about 16,000 customers conducted by a major electric utility. Our empirical results show that TOU consumers are associated with 27% higher likelihood to install solar panels but not more likely to adopt energy-efficient air conditioning based on the propensity score matching and coarsened exact matching methods. The findings highlight that policy makers could combine TOU and solar panels when implementing educational programs or when giving out financial incentives to consumers. Our results imply that TOU is associated with a similar impact of the incentive offered by $2,070~$10,472 tax credits or rebates on solar adoption. Keywords: Time-of-use (TOU) electricity pricing, Solar panels, Energy efficiency, 1. INTRODUCTION Energy efficiency and solar energy are two measures promoted by policy makers to reduce residential fossil fuel energy consumption and the associated greenhouse gas emissions. Not surprisingly, various [...]

Published
2020
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11. Joint Access Point Placement and Power-Channel-Resource-Unit Assignment for IEEE 802.11ax-Based Dense WiFi Network With QoS Requirements

Author

Yiu-Wing Leung, Shuwei Qiu, Joseph Kee-Yin Ng, and Xiaowen Chu

Subjects
Computer Networks and Communications, Computer science, business.industry, Quality of service, ComputerSystemsOrganization_COMPUTER-COMMUNICATIONNETWORKS, Fault tolerance, Interference (wave propagation), IEEE 802.11ax, Power (physics), Point (geometry), Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Greedy algorithm, Throughput (business), Software, Computer network
Abstract

IEEE 802.11ax is the standard for the new generation WiFi networks. In this paper, we formulate the problem of joint access point (AP) placement and power-channel-resource unit assignment for 802.11ax-based dense WiFi. The objective is to minimize the number of APs. Two quality-of-service (QoS) requirements are to be fulfilled: (1) a two-tier throughput requirement which ensures that the throughput of each station is good enough, and (2) a fault tolerance requirement which ensures that the stations could still use WiFi even when some APs fail. We prove that this problem is NP-hard. To tackle this problem, we first develop an analytic model to derive the throughput of each station under the OFDMA mechanism and a widely used interference model. We then design a heuristic algorithm to find high-quality solutions with polynomial time complexity. Simulation results under both fixed-user and mobile-user cases show that: (1) when the area is small (50 x 50 m2), our algorithm gives the optimal solutions; when the area is larger (80 x 60 m2), our algorithm can reduce the number of APs by 34.9-87.7% as compared to the Random and Greedy algorithms. (2) Our algorithm can always get feasible solutions that fulfill the QoS requirements.

Published
2023

12. Predictors and long-term prognosis of early and late recurrence for patients undergoing hepatic resection of hepatocellular carcinoma: a large-scale multicenter study

Author

Han Wu, Wei-Min Gu, Timothy M. Pawlik, Wen-Tao Yan, Xin-Fei Xu, Hai-Bo Qiu, Wan Yee Lau, Chao Li, Jian-Hong Zhong, Ting-Hao Chen, Ya-Hao Zhou, Feng Shen, Lan-Qing Yao, Ming-Da Wang, Tian Yang, and Hong Wang

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Scale (ratio), Hepatic resection, business.industry, medicine.disease, Term (time), Multicenter study, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Late Recurrence, medicine, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Radiology, business, General Environmental Science
Published
2023

13. Enhancing Drug-Drug Interaction Prediction Using Deep Attention Neural Networks

Author

Yi Cui, Z.F. Zhang, Wen Zhang, Yanhong Deng, Shichao Liu, Y. Zhang, and Yunping Qiu

Subjects
Artificial neural network, Drug discovery, Computer science, business.industry, Graph embedding, Applied Mathematics, Drug-drug interaction, Construct (python library), Machine learning, computer.software_genre, Multiple data, Feature (machine learning), Key (cryptography), Genetics, Artificial intelligence, business, computer, Biotechnology
Abstract

Drug-drug interactions are one of the main concerns in drug discovery. Accurate prediction of drug-drug interactions plays a key role in increasing the efficiency of drug research and safety when multiple drugs are c o-prescribed. With various data sources that describe the relationships and properties between drugs, the comprehensive approach that integrates multiple data sources would be considerably effective in making high-accuracy prediction. In this paper, we propose a Deep Attention Neural Network based Drug-Drug Interaction prediction framework, abbreviated as DANN-DDI, to predict unobserved drug-drug interactions. First, we construct multiple drug feature networks and learn drug representations from these networks using the graph embedding method; then, we concatenate the learned drug embeddings and design an attention neural network to learn representations of drug-drug pairs; finally, we adopt a deep neural network to accurately predict drug-drug interactions. The experimental results demonstrate that our model DANN-DDI has improved prediction performance compared with state-of-the-art methods. Moreover, the proposed model can predict novel drug-drug interactions and drug-drug interaction-associated events.

Published
2023

14. Ascend by Evolv: Artificial Intelligence-Based Massively Multivariate Conversion Rate Optimization

Author

Miikkulainen, Risto, Brundage, Myles, Epstein, Jonathan, Foster, Tyler, Hodjat, Babak, Iscoe, Neil, Jiang, Jingbo, Legrand, Diego, Nazari, Sam, Qiu, Xin, Scharff, Michael, Schoolland, Cory, Severn, Robert, and Shagrin, Aaron

Subjects
Artificial intelligence, E-commerce software, Time, E-commerce, Artificial intelligence, Electronic commerce software, Business
Abstract

* Conversion rate optimization (CRO) means designing an e-commerce web interface so that as many users as possible take a desired action such as registering for an account, requesting a [...]

Published
2020

15. Producing Spalted Alder Wood in Yunnan, China

Author

He, Haishan, Gan, Changtao, Kuo, Monlin, Qiu, Jian, and Wu, Jianrong

Subjects
Wood products -- Production processes, Alders -- Properties, Fungi -- Identification and classification, Textiles, Business, Forest products industry
Abstract

Given the demand for environmentally friendly wood stains, dyeing by fungi has come to light as a suitable process for staining wood, textiles, and other materials. The identification of fungi capable of producing spalted wood merits considerable effort by researchers, and some spalted color or styles found on wood in the wild cannot be cultivated in the laboratory. To find additional fungal candidates and styles for spalting in China, we here collected and identified wood fungi in Yunnan and Guangxi in China. Fungi were purchased or isolated and then inoculated to alder wood blocks (Alnus nepalensis D. Don). Out of seven purchased strains, three formed zone lines, but it was unclear whether Chlorociboria aeruginascens cfcc 87397 could do so. Out of 20 strains, 15 species were isolated from wood forming zone lines with surface black pigments, and only Diaporthe sp. ZXH63-4 formed additional yellow pigments accompanied by zone lines throughout the wood, which is a new means of forming yellow pigments and black zone lines at the same time. Some fungi collected from stained wood samples showed reddish-brown zone lines, but they showed black zone lines when isolated and inoculated on alder., Given the growing demand for natural, organic products and growing global market for natural colorants, fungi have come to be investigated as readily available sources of diverse chemical pigments and [...]

Published
2019
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17. BLS-Location: A Wireless Fingerprint Localization Algorithm Based on Broad Learning

Author

Mohammed Atiquzzaman, Xiaoqiang Zhu, Tie Qiu, Dapeng Wu, Wenyu Qu, and Xiaobo Zhou

Subjects
Computer Networks and Communications, business.industry, Computer science, Noise reduction, Fingerprint (computing), Data loss, Kalman filter, Probabilistic method, Channel state information, Wireless, Noise (video), Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Algorithm, Software
Abstract

With the rapid growth in the demand for location-based services in indoor environments, wireless fingerprint localization has attracted increasing attention because of its high precision and easy implementation. However, an effective method does not exist owing to the problems of data loss, noise interference in the fingerprint database, and being time-consuming during the offline training phase. Therefore, this paper presents a novel indoor wireless fingerprint localization algorithm, termed BLS-Location, based on a broad learning system (BLS) that utilizes channel state information (CSI) to overcome the aforementioned problems. It includes an offline training phase and an online localization phase. In the offline training phase, the Kalman filter and the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm are utilized for completing and denoising the data. Moreover, principal component analysis (PCA) is used to reconstruct the CSI data to reduce complexity and train the weights by BLS. In the online localization phase, we employ a novel probabilistic method based on the regression results of BLS to obtain the estimated location. The experimental results show that BLS-Location can significantly reduce the training time with a high accuracy, compared to several machine learning algorithms and four existing methods in two representative indoor environments.

Published
2023

18. Resource Management and Pricing for Cloud Computing Based Mobile Blockchain With Pooling

Author

Zhen Gao, Jing Li, Xiaofei Wang, Chao Qiu, Wang Junfei, and Zhu Han

Subjects
Computer Networks and Communications, Computer science, business.industry, Distributed computing, Pooling, Cloud computing, Service provider, Computer Science Applications, Information asymmetry, Hardware and Architecture, Proof-of-work system, Resource allocation, Resource management, business, Software, Mobile service, Information Systems
Abstract

In a public blockchain system applying Proof of Work (PoW), the participants need to compete with their computing resources for reward, which is challenging for resource-limited devices. Mobile blockchain is proposed to facilitate the application of blockchain for mobile service, in which the lightweight devices can participate mining by renting resources from the Cloud Computing Service Provider (CCSP), but CCSP usually does not have the information about the demand preference of users. In this paper, a contract model is adopted to address the cloud computing resource allocation and pricing problem in the mobile blockchain. In particular, an adverse selection contract solution is proposed to overcome the information asymmetry problem, and resource pooling is introduced to improve the stability of users rewards. Simulation results show that the information asymmetry problem is well overcome by adverse selection contract so that CCSP can obtain more utility than linear pricing contracts. Furthermore, the resource pooling could effectively improve the users and CCSPs utilities. When the size of the mining pool is large enough, it can achieve an improvement effect of more than 10 times. The effect of pool size and user type distribution on CCSPs utility is also studied.

Published
2023

19. Optimizing Rail Transport Service in a Dry Port System

Author

Xuan Qiu and Gangyan Xu

Subjects
Job shop scheduling, Operations research, Total cost, Strategy and Management, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, Profit (economics), Cost savings, Service (economics), 0502 economics and business, System parameters, Production (economics), Business, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Dry port, 050203 business & management, media_common
Abstract

With the prosperity of global trade and maritime transportation, dry port is playing a significant role in freight transport industry through relieving seaport congestion and facilitating improved logistics solutions. This article studies the rail shuttle service pricing and scheduling problem in a dry port system with one dry port and multiple shippers. Bilevel models are developed to address the interaction between the dry port and shippers, with the dry port as the leader and individual shippers as followers. The optimal properties of the proposed bilevel model are analyzed, and a solution procedure is proposed to obtain the global optimal solution. Numerical studies are carried out to investigate the sensitivity of optimal decisions, and performance of both parties with respect to various system parameters. This study shows that offering a higher storage price could not always bring higher profit for the dry port. An extremely high storage price will reduce shippers’ total costs, especially for shippers with high production rates. If the seaports’ cutoff time is short, shippers with low production rates would have to bear high expenses. It is also found that low setup costs at shippers will bring not only cost savings for shippers, but also profit improvement for the dry port.

Published
2022

20. Monitoring institutional ownership and corporate innovation

Author

Bin Wang, Tina Yang, Steve Miller, and Bin Qiu

Subjects
History, Economics and Econometrics, Polymers and Plastics, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Institutional investor, Accounting, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Corporate innovation, Incentive, Value (economics), Institution, Portfolio, Business and International Management, business, Finance, media_common
Abstract

In this study, we examine the role of monitoring institutional investors in firm innovation. Following Fich, Harford and Tran (2015), we define monitoring institutions as those whose holding value in a firm is among the top 10% of holdings in the institution’s portfolio. We document a positive effect of monitoring institutional ownership on firm innovation after controlling for traditional measures of institutional ownership. The positive effect is more pronounced when monitoring institutions are more diversified. We further find that monitoring institutions enhance firm innovation by: (1) increasing failure tolerance and CEO risk-taking incentives, and (2) reducing intense board monitoring, managerial career concerns, and diversion of corporate resources. Overall, the evidence shows that monitoring institutions are instrumental in promoting firm innovation.

Published
2022

21. Brain charts for the human lifespan

Author

Armin Raznahan, Eric Courchesne, Andrea Parolin Jackowski, Kamen A. Tsvetanov, Cameron T. Ellis, R.C. Gur, Bin Bae J, Park Mtm, Pedro A. Valdes-Sosa, Simon N. Vandekar, Jacob W. Vogel, Juan Zhou, Machteld Marcelis, Kiho Im, Patricia Ellen Grant, Minhui Ouyang, Blesa Cabez M, Michael V. Lombardo, Sarah E. Morgan, James P. Boardman, Adamson C, Calhoun Vd, Delarue M, James H. Cole, Pichet Binette A, Roberto Toro, David H. Rowitch, Nynke A. Groenewold, Kevin M. Anderson, David T.W. Jones, Michael Schöll, Wang Ys, Aiden Corvin, R.E. Gur, Damien A. Fair, Gareth Ball, Herma Lina Schaare, Andrew Zalesky, Evdokia Anagnostou, Michael J. Meaney, Taki Y, Gareth J. Sullivan, Warrier, Petra E. Vértes, Chixiang Chen, Lisa T. Eyler, Wei Liao, Tomáš Paus, Jeremy A. Elman, Phillip McGuire, Hisham Ziauddeen, William S. Kremen, Etienne Vachon-Presseau, E.T. Bullmore, Christophe Tzourio, White, Hammill Cf, Mothersill D, Richard N. Henson, Jiang Qiu, Duncan E. Astle, Fabrice Crivello, Paul C. Fletcher, Chertavian C, Kim K, Jennifer Crosbie, Russell Schachar, Gabriel A. Devenyi, Manfred G. Kitzbichler, Tianye Jia, Trey Hedden, Sang Jae Lee, Ross D. Markello, Silke Kern, Ian M. Goodyer, Keith A. Johnson, Frauke Beyer, Bernard Mazoyer, A. Heinz, Sylvane Desrivières, Rosenberg, Gary Donohoe, Ong Mq, Alexander D. Edwards, Dan J. Stein, Nenad Medic, Zuo Xn, Travis T. Mallard, Peter Fonagy, Lindsay W. Victoria, Ingmar Skoog, Avram J. Holmes, Jason P. Lerch, Jed T. Elison, Jianfu Li, John H. Gilmore, Rosemary Holt, Caitlin K. Rollins, Carol E. Franz, Pedro Mario Pan, Saashi A Bedford, Yang N, Jonathan C Ipser, Richard A. I. Bethlehem, Tuulari Jj, Stolicyn A, Hua Huang, Bratislav Misic, Conor Liston, Ayub M, Lisa Ronan, Yeo Bt, Sophie Adler, Charles J. Lynch, Faith M. Gunning, Konrad Wagstyl, M. Mallar Chakravarty, John Suckling, Theodore D. Satterthwaite, Bharath Holla, Yap Seng Chong, Jinglei Lv, Jakob Seidlitz, Niall J Bourke, Xinlei Qian, Simon Baron-Cohen, Cynthia M. Ortinau, Deirel Paz Linares, Thyreau B, René S. Kahn, Aaron P. Schultz, Vanessa Cropley, Eric Westman, Mitchell Valdés-Sosa, Rik Ossenkoppele, André Zugman, Hasse Karlsson, Sylvia Villeneuve, Katja Heuer, Di Biase Ma, Margaret L. Westwater, Sofie L. Valk, David J. Sharp, Brigitte Landeau, Matthew Borzage, Kirsten A. Donald, Timothy Rittman, Richard Beare, Giovanni Abrahão Salum, Gunter Schumann, Ryuta Kawashima, Romero-Garcia R, John Blangero, Yun Hj, Russel T. Shinohara, Nicolas Crossley, Simon K. Warfield, Karen Pierce, George S. Alexopoulos, Katharine Dunlop, David C. Glahn, Francois Lalonde, Anqi Qiu, Lana Vasung, Gaël Chételat, Lídice Galán-García, Clifford R. Jack, Reisa A. Sperling, Anna Zettergren, Elizabeth Kelley, Arno Villringer, Andrea Mechelli, Benegal, Aaron Alexander-Bloch, Nicholas B. Turk-Browne, van Amelsvoort T, John D. Lewis, Heather C. Whalley, A. V. Witte, Zdenka Pausova, Joel T. Nigg, Heather J. Zar, Raymond J. Dolan, Christopher D. Smyser, Jay N. Giedd, Lena Palaniyappan, Ali Gholipour, Areces-Gonzalez A, Peter B. Jones, Jacqueline Hoare, Oskar Hansson, Linnea Karlsson, C Pantelis, Paly L, Bonnie Auyeung, Jorge Bosch-Bayard, Bethlehem, Richard [0000-0002-0714-0685], White, Simon [0000-0001-8642-7037], Astle, Duncan [0000-0002-7042-5392], Baron-Cohen, Simon [0000-0001-9217-2544], Henson, Rik [0000-0002-0712-2639], Jones, Peter [0000-0002-0387-880X], Kitzbichler, Manfred [0000-0002-4494-0753], Rittman, Timothy [0000-0003-1063-6937], Rowitch, David [0000-0002-0079-0060], Tsvetanov, Kamen A. [0000-0002-3178-6363], Westwater-Wozniak, Margaret [0000-0002-2918-0979], Ziauddeen, Hisham [0000-0003-4044-1719], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, British Academy, Autism Research Trust, National Institute of Mental Health (US), UK Research and Innovation, Medical Research Council (UK), National Institute for Health and Care Research (US), Wellcome Trust, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), University of Pennsylvania, Yale University [New Haven], Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives [Bordeaux] (IMN), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physiopathologie et imagerie des troubles neurologiques (PhIND), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Génétique humaine et fonctions cognitives - Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions (GHFC (UMR_3571 / U-Pasteur_1)), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department [AP- HP Hôpital Robert Debré], AP-HP Hôpital universitaire Robert-Debré [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Département de Neuroscience - Department of Neuroscience, Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire / Center for Research and Interdisciplinarity [Paris, France] (CRI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Psychiatrie & Neuropsychologie, RS: MHeNs - R2 - Mental Health, MUMC+: MA Med Staf Spec Psychiatrie (9), Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Neurodegeneration, 3R-BRAIN, AIBL, Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Alzheimer’s Disease Repository Without Borders Investigators, CALM Team, Cam-CAN, CCNP, COBRE, cVEDA, ENIGMA Developmental Brain Age Working Group, Developing Human Connectome Project, FinnBrain, Harvard Aging Brain Study, IMAGEN, KNE96, The Mayo Clinic Study of Aging, NSPN, POND, The PREVENT-AD Research Group, VETSA, [Bethlehem, R. A. I.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Autism Res Ctr, Cambridge, England, [Auyeung, B.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Autism Res Ctr, Cambridge, England, [Baron-Cohen, S.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Autism Res Ctr, Cambridge, England, [Bedford, S. A.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Autism Res Ctr, Cambridge, England, [Holt, R.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Autism Res Ctr, Cambridge, England, [Lombardo, M. V.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Autism Res Ctr, Cambridge, England, [Bethlehem, R. A. I.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Brain Mapping Unit, Cambridge, England, [Kitzbichler, M. G.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Brain Mapping Unit, Cambridge, England, [Seidlitz, J.] Univ Penn, Dept Psychiat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA, [Vogel, J. W.] Univ Penn, Dept Psychiat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA, [Gur, R. E.] Univ Penn, Dept Psychiat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA, [Gur, R. C.] Univ Penn, Dept Psychiat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA, [Jackowski, A. P.] Univ Penn, Dept Psychiat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA, [Satterthwaite, T. D.] Univ Penn, Dept Psychiat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA, [Alexander-Bloch, A. F.] Univ Penn, Dept Psychiat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA, [Seidlitz, J.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat & Behav Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA, [Alexander-Bloch, A. F.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Dept Child & Adolescent Psychiat & Behav Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA, [Seidlitz, J.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia & Penn Med, Lifespan Brain Inst, Philadelphia, PA USA, [Chertavian, C.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia & Penn Med, Lifespan Brain Inst, Philadelphia, PA USA, [Gur, R. E.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia & Penn Med, Lifespan Brain Inst, Philadelphia, PA USA, [Gur, R. C.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia & Penn Med, Lifespan Brain Inst, Philadelphia, PA USA, [Alexander-Bloch, A. F.] Childrens Hosp Philadelphia & Penn Med, Lifespan Brain Inst, Philadelphia, PA USA, [White, S. R.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge, England, [Goodyer, I. M.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge, England, [Henson, R. N.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge, England, [Jones, P. B.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge, England, [Kitzbichler, M. G.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge, England, [Medic, N.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge, England, [Morgan, S. E.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge, England, [Romero-Garcia, R.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge, England, [Ronan, L.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge, England, [Suckling, J.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge, England, [Vertes, P. E.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge, England, [Warrier, V.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge, England, [Westwater, M. L.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge, England, [Ziauddeen, H.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychiat, Cambridge, England, [Bullmore, E. 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E.] Univ Cambridge, MRC Cognit & Brain Sci Unit, Cambridge, England, [Henson, R. N.] Univ Cambridge, MRC Cognit & Brain Sci Unit, Cambridge, England, [Whalley, H. C.] Univ Cambridge, MRC Cognit & Brain Sci Unit, Cambridge, England, [Auyeung, B.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Philosophy Psychol & Language Sci, Dept Psychol, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland, [Pausova, Z.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Philosophy Psychol & Language Sci, Dept Psychol, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland, [Ayub, M.] Queens Univ, Dept Psychiat, Ctr Neurosci Studies, Kingston, ON, Canada, [Ayub, M.] UCL, Mental Hlth Neurosci Res Dept, Div Psychiat, London, England, [Bae, J.] Seoul Natl Univ, Bundang Hosp, Dept Neuropsychiat, Seongnam, South Korea, [Ball, G.] Univ Melbourne, Dept Paediat, Melbourne, Vic, Australia, [Baron-Cohen, S.] Cambridgeshire & Peterborough NHS Fdn Trust, Cambridge Lifetime Asperger Syndrome Serv CLASS, Cambridge, England, [Benegal, V.] Natl Inst Mental Hlth & Neurosci NIMHANS, Ctr Addict Med, Bengaluru, India, [Beyer, F.] Max Planck Inst Human Cognit & Brain Sci, Dept Neurol, Leipzig, Germany, [Villringer, A.] Max Planck Inst Human Cognit & Brain Sci, Dept Neurol, Leipzig, Germany, [Witte, A. V.] Max Planck Inst Human Cognit & Brain Sci, Dept Neurol, Leipzig, Germany, [Blangero, J.] Univ Texas Rio Grande Valley, South Texas Diabet & Obes Inst, Dept Human Genet, Edinburg, TX USA, [Blesa Cabez, M.] Univ Edinburgh, MRC Ctr Reprod Hlth, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland, [Boardman, J. P.] Univ Edinburgh, MRC Ctr Reprod Hlth, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland, [Sullivan, G.] Univ Edinburgh, MRC Ctr Reprod Hlth, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland, [Borzage, M.] Univ Southern Calif, Childrens Hosp Los Angeles, Keck Sch Med, Fetal & Neonatal Inst,Div Neonatol,Dept Pediat, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA, [Bosch-Bayard, J. F.] Montreal Neurol Inst, Ludmer Ctr Neuroinformat & Mental Hlth, McGill Ctr Integrat Neurosci, Montreal, PQ, Canada, [Bosch-Bayard, J. F.] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada, [Chakravarty, M. 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A.] Queens Univ, Ctr Neurosci Studies, Dept Psychiat, Kingston, ON, Canada, [Kern, S.] Univ Gothenburg, Neuropsychiat Epidemiol Unit, Dept Psychiat & Neurochem,Sahlgrenska Acad, Ctr Ageing & Hlth AGECAP,Inst Neurosci & Physiol, Gothenburg, Sweden, [Skoog, I.] Univ Gothenburg, Neuropsychiat Epidemiol Unit, Dept Psychiat & Neurochem,Sahlgrenska Acad, Ctr Ageing & Hlth AGECAP,Inst Neurosci & Physiol, Gothenburg, Sweden, [Zettergren, A.] Univ Gothenburg, Neuropsychiat Epidemiol Unit, Dept Psychiat & Neurochem,Sahlgrenska Acad, Ctr Ageing & Hlth AGECAP,Inst Neurosci & Physiol, Gothenburg, Sweden, [Kern, S.] Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Psychiat Cognit & Old Age Psychiat Clin, Reg Vastra Gotaland, Gothenburg, Sweden, [Skoog, I.] Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Psychiat Cognit & Old Age Psychiat Clin, Reg Vastra Gotaland, Gothenburg, Sweden, [Kim, K. W.] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Brain & Cognit Sci, Coll Nat Sci, Seoul, South Korea, [Kim, K. 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E.] Alan Turing Inst, London, England, [Mothersill, D.] Natl Coll Ireland, Sch Business, Dept Psychol, Dublin, Ireland, [Mothersill, D.] Natl Univ Ireland Galway, Sch Psychol, Galway, Ireland, [Mothersill, D.] Natl Univ Ireland Galway, Ctr Neuroimaging & Cognit Genom, Galway, Ireland, [Mothersill, D.] Trinity Coll Dublin, Dept Psychiat, Dublin, Ireland, [Nigg, J.] Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Psychiat, Sch Med, Portland, OR 97201 USA, [Ong, M. Q. W.] Natl Univ Singapore, Yong Loo Lin Sch Med, Ctr Sleep & Cognit, Singapore, Singapore, [Qian, X.] Natl Univ Singapore, Yong Loo Lin Sch Med, Ctr Sleep & Cognit, Singapore, Singapore, [Zhou, J. 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D.] Univ Toronto, Dept Nutr Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada, [Paz-Linares, D.] Cuban Neurosci Ctr, Havana, Cuba, [Pichet Binette, A.] McGill Univ, Fac Med, Dept Psychiat, Montreal, PQ, Canada, [Villeneuve, S.] McGill Univ, Fac Med, Dept Psychiat, Montreal, PQ, Canada, [Pichet Binette, A.] Douglas Mental Hlth Univ Inst, Montreal, PQ, Canada, [Villeneuve, S.] Douglas Mental Hlth Univ Inst, Montreal, PQ, Canada, [Qiu, J.] Southwest Univ, Sch Psychol, Chongqing, Peoples R China, [Qiu, A.] Natl Univ Singapore, N1 Inst Hlth, Dept Biomed Engn, Singapore, Singapore, [Rittman, T.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Clin Neurosci, Cambridge, England, [Tsvetanov, K. A.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Clin Neurosci, Cambridge, England, [Rollins, C. K.] Harvard Med Sch, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02115 USA, [Rollins, C. K.] Boston Childrens Hosp, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA USA, [Romero-Garcia, R.] Univ Seville, Dpto Fisiol Med & Biofis, Inst Biomed Sevilla IBiS HUVR CSIC, Seville, Spain, [Rosenberg, M. D.] Univ Chicago, Dept Psychol, 5848 S Univ Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA, [Rosenberg, M. D.] Univ Chicago, Inst Neurosci, Chicago, IL USA, [Rowitch, D. H.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Paediat, Cambridge, England, [Rowitch, D. H.] Univ Cambridge, Wellcome MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Inst, Cambridge, England, [Salum, G. A.] Univ Fed Rio Grande Sul UFRGS, Hosp Clin Porto Alegre, Dept Psychiat, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, [Salum, G. A.] Natl Inst Dev Psychiat INPD, Sao Paulo, Brazil, [Schaare, H. L.] Max Planck Inst Human Cognit & Brain Sci, Otto Hahn Grp Cognit Neurogenet, Leipzig, Germany, [Schaare, H. L.] Res Ctr Juelich, Inst Neurosci & Med INM 7 Brain & Behav, Julich, Germany, [Schultz, A. P.] Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Radiol, Athinoula Martinos Ctr Biomed Imaging, Charlestown, MA USA, [Schumann, G.] Fudan Univ, Inst Sci & Technol Brain Inspired Intelligence, Ctr Populat Neurosci & Stratified Med PONS, Shanghai, Peoples R China, [Schumann, G.] Charite Campus Mitte, Dept Psychiat & Psychotherapy, Charite Mental Hlth, PONS Ctr, Berlin, Germany, [Scholl, M.] Univ Gothenburg, Wallenberg Ctr Mol & Translat Med, Gothenburg, Sweden, [Scholl, M.] Univ Gothenburg, Dept Psychiat & Neurochem, Gothenburg, Sweden, [Scholl, M.] UCL, Queens Sq Inst Neurol, Dementia Res Ctr, London, England, [Sharp, D.] UK Dementia Res Inst, Care Res & Technol Ctr, London, England, [Shinohara, R. T.] Univ Penn, Perelman Sch Med, Dept Radiol, Ctr Biomed Image Comp & Analyt, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA, [Smyser, C. D.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA, [Smyser, C. D.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, St Louis, MO 63110 USA, [Smyser, C. D.] Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA, [Stein, D. J.] Univ Cape Town, Dept Psychiat, SA MRC Unit Risk & Resilience Mental Disorders, Cape Town, South Africa, [Stein, D. J.] Univ Cape Town, Neurosci Inst, Cape Town, South Africa, [Stolicyn, A.] Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Clin Brain Sci, Div Psychiat, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland, [Whalley, H. C.] Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Clin Brain Sci, Div Psychiat, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland, [Toro, R.] Inst Pasteur, Dept Neurosci, Paris, France, [Traut, N.] Inst Pasteur, Dept Neurosci, Paris, France, [Traut, N.] Univ Paris 05, Ctr Res & Interdisciplinar CRI, Paris, France, [Tsvetanov, K. A.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Psychol, Cambridge, England, [Turk-Browne, N. B.] Yale Univ, Wu Tsai Inst, New Haven, CT USA, [Tuulari, J. J.] Univ Turku, Dept Clin Med, Turku, Finland, [Tuulari, J. J.] Univ Turku, Turku Coll Sci Med & Technol, Turku, Finland, [Tzourio, C.] Univ Bordeaux, Bordeaux Populat Hlth Res Ctr, CHU Bordeaux, U1219,INSERM, Bordeaux, France, [Vachon-Presseau, E.] McGill Univ, Fac Dent Med & Oral Hlth Sci, Montreal, PQ, Canada, [Valdes-Sosa, P. A.] McGill Univ, Alan Edwards Ctr Res Pain AECRP, Montreal, PQ, Canada, [Valk, S. L.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Neurosci & Med 7, Julich, Germany, [Valk, S. L.] Max Planck Inst Human Cognit & Brain Sci, Leipzig, Germany, [van Amelsvoort, T.] Maastricht Univ, Dept Psychiat & Neurosychol, Maastricht, Netherlands, [Vandekar, S. N.] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Biostat, 221 Kirkland Hall, Nashville, TN 37235 USA, [Villeneuve, S.] Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biostat, Nashville, TN USA, [Villringer, A.] Univ Leipzig, Clin Cognit Neurol, Med Ctr, Leipzig, Germany, [Witte, A. V.] Univ Leipzig, Clin Cognit Neurol, Med Ctr, Leipzig, Germany, [Zuo, X. N.] Univ Leipzig, Clin Cognit Neurol, Med Ctr, Leipzig, Germany, [Wang, Y. S.] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Cognit Neurosci & Learning, Beijing, Peoples R China, [Yang, N.] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Cognit Neurosci & Learning, Beijing, Peoples R China, [Yeo, B.] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Cognit Neurosci & Learning, Beijing, Peoples R China, [Zuo, X. N.] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Cognit Neurosci & Learning, Beijing, Peoples R China, [Wang, Y. S.] Beijing Normal Univ, IDG McGovern Inst Brain Res, Dev Populat Neuroscience Res Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China, [Yang, N.] Beijing Normal Univ, IDG McGovern Inst Brain Res, Dev Populat Neuroscience Res Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China, [Zuo, X. N.] Beijing Normal Univ, IDG McGovern Inst Brain Res, Dev Populat Neuroscience Res Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China, [Wang, Y. S.] Natl Basic Sci Data Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China, [Yang, N.] Natl Basic Sci Data Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China, [Zuo, X. N.] Natl Basic Sci Data Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China, [Wang, Y. S.] Chinese Acad Sci, Res Ctr Lifespan Dev Brain & Mind, Inst Psychol, Beijing, Peoples R China, [Yang, N.] Chinese Acad Sci, Res Ctr Lifespan Dev Brain & Mind, Inst Psychol, Beijing, Peoples R China, [Westman, E.] Karolinska Inst, Ctr Alzheimer Res, Dept Neurobiol Care Sci & Soc, Div Clin Geriatr, Stockholm, Sweden, [Witte, A. V.] Univ Leipzig, CRC 1052 Obes Mech, Fac Med, Leipzig, Germany, [Zhou, J. H.] Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Singapore, Singapore, [Yeo, B.] Natl Univ Singapore, Yong Loo Lin Sch Med, Ctr Sleep & Cognit, Singapore, Singapore, [Yeo, B.] Natl Univ Singapore, Yong Loo Lin Sch Med, Ctr Translat MR Res, Singapore, Singapore, [Yeo, B.] Natl Univ Singapore, N1 Inst Hlth, Singapore, Singapore, [Yeo, B.] Natl Univ Singapore, Inst Digital Med, Singapore, Singapore, [Yun, H.] Natl Univ Singapore, Integrat Sci & Engn Programme ISEP, Singapore, Singapore, [Zar, H. J.] Univ Melbourne, Dept Biomed Engn, Melbourne, Vic, Australia, [Zhou, J. H.] Natl Univ Singapore, Yong Loo Lin Sch Med, Ctr Translat Magnet Resonance Res, Singapore, Singapore, [Ziauddeen, H.] Univ Cambridge, Wellcome Trust MRC Inst Metab Sci, Cambridge, England, [Zugman, A.] NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA, [Zugman, A.] Escola Paulista Med, Dept Psychiat, Sao Paulo, Brazil, [Zuo, X. N.] Nanning Normal Univ, Sch Educ Sci, Key Lab Brain & Educ, Nanning, Peoples R China, British Academy Postdoctoral fellowship, NIMH, UKRI Medical Research Council, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, NIHR Senior Investigator award, MRC research infrastructure award, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), and Ontario Brain Institute

Subjects
631/378/2649, OpenPain Project, KNE96, Growth, Psychiatric-disorders, DISEASE, 3R-BRAIN, Brain charts, MRI Brain, OASIS-3, Disease, CCNP, 631/378/2571, UMN BCP, Multidisciplinary, medicine.diagnostic_test, PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS, article, Brain, Human brain, ASSOCIATION, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Harvard Aging Brain Study, The Mayo Clinic Study of Aging, NSPN, medicine.anatomical_structure, GROWTH, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], ddc:500, BURDEN, WHITE-MATTER, FinnBrain, Harvard Aging Brain Study, Organization, Mri, MRI, medicine.medical_specialty, Concurrent validity, MODELS, Cam-CAN, Longevity, CALM Team, POND, Neuroimaging, Burden, ORGANIZATION, AIBL, The PREVENT-AD Research Group, VETSA, Cortical thickness, Association, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, FinnBrain, IMAGEN, KNE96, White-matter, medicine, Humans, ASRB, 631/378/1689, COBRE, business.industry, 631/378/2611, Brain morphometry, Neurosciences, Alzheimer’s Disease Repository Without Borders Investigators, Magnetic resonance imaging, Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Anthropometry, Body Height, Brain growth, Birth, 59/57, Normative, IMAGEN, ENIGMA Developmental Brain Age working group, NSPN, business, CCNP, 3R-BRAIN, CORTICAL THICKNESS, Developing Human Connectome Project, ENIGMA Developmental Brain Age working group, The PREVENT-AD Research Group, VETSA, Bullmore, E.T
Abstract

Over the past few decades, neuroimaging has become a ubiquitous tool in basic research and clinical studies of the human brain. However, no reference standards currently exist to quantify individual differences in neuroimaging metrics over time, in contrast to growth charts for anthropometric traits such as height and weight1. Here we assemble an interactive open resource to benchmark brain morphology derived from any current or future sample of MRI data ( http://www.brainchart.io/ ). With the goal of basing these reference charts on the largest and most inclusive dataset available, acknowledging limitations due to known biases of MRI studies relative to the diversity of the global population, we aggregated 123,984 MRI scans, across more than 100 primary studies, from 101,457 human participants between 115 days post-conception to 100 years of age. MRI metrics were quantified by centile scores, relative to non-linear trajectories2 of brain structural changes, and rates of change, over the lifespan. Brain charts identified previously unreported neurodevelopmental milestones3, showed high stability of individuals across longitudinal assessments, and demonstrated robustness to technical and methodological differences between primary studies. Centile scores showed increased heritability compared with non-centiled MRI phenotypes, and provided a standardized measure of atypical brain structure that revealed patterns of neuroanatomical variation across neurological and psychiatric disorders. In summary, brain charts are an essential step towards robust quantification of individual variation benchmarked to normative trajectories in multiple, commonly used neuroimaging phenotypes., R.A.I.B. was supported by a British Academy Postdoctoral fellowship and by the Autism Research Trust. J. Seidlitz was supported by NIMH T32MH019112-29 and K08MH120564. S.R.W. was funded by UKRI Medical Research Council MC_UU_00002/2 and was supported by the NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre (BRC-1215-20014). E.T.B. was supported by an NIHR Senior Investigator award and the Wellcome Trust collaborative award for the Neuroscience in Psychiatry Network. A.F.A.-B. was supported by NIMH K08MH120564. Data were curated and analysed using a computational facility funded by an MRC research infrastructure award (MR/M009041/1) to the School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge and supported by the mental health theme of the NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre.

Published
2022

22. Natural product therapies in chronic kidney diseases: An update

Author

Guangmin Yao, Chun Zhang, Yue Qiu, Yang Qiu, and Changqing Luo

Subjects
Male, Biological Products, medicine.medical_specialty, Natural product, business.industry, Public health, 030232 urology & nephrology, medicine.disease, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, chemistry, New medications, Nephrology, Chronic Kidney Diseases, medicine, Humans, Female, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic, Intensive care medicine, business, Drugs, Chinese Herbal, Kidney disease
Abstract

Chronic kidney disease is one of the major worldwide public health problems. Traditional Chinese medications have been widely used for chronic kidney disease treatment. As the development of modern phytochemistry technology, natural products have been isolated from traditional Chinese medications, which provide a more precise method for the investigation of traditional Chinese medications. In this article, we selected eight natural products from traditional Chinese medications for chronic kidney disease therapy to summarize the recent advances for the development of new medications.

Published
2022

23. Impaired robust interhemispheric function integration of depressive brain from REST‐meta‐MDD database in China

Author

Yan-Song Liu, Jian Yang, Qiyong Gong, Lei Zhang, Kaiming Li, Li Kuang, Li Wang, Jia Duan, Jun-Juan Zhu, Ping-Ping Ma, Chunming Xie, Kerang Zhang, Hai-Yan Xie, Tongjian Bai, Ning-Xuan Chen, Fei Wang, Jia-Shu Yao, Xilong Cui, Ke Deng, Hong Yang, Zhenghua Hou, Wei Chen, Guangrong Xie, Feng Li, Xiang Wang, Yi-Cheng Long, Tian-Mei Si, Xi-Nian Zuo, Jun Cao, Daihui Peng, Chao-Gan Yan, Ying Wang, Yue-Di Shen, Tao Li, Xiao-Ping Wu, Jian Xu, Wenbin Guo, Yingying Yin, Huaqing Meng, Hai-Tang Qiu, Kai Wang, Le Li, Yonggui Yuan, Zhijun Zhang, Chao-Jie Zou, Yi-Ting Zhou, Ai-Xia Zhang, Xiufeng Xu, Xiao Chen, Zhening Liu, Qing-Hua Luo, Peng Xie, Yiru Fang, Yu-Shu Shi, Hong Zhang, Qijing Bo, Shuqiao Yao, Xinran Wu, Yu-Qi Cheng, Jiang Qiu, Lan Hu, Chang Cheng, Ru-Bai Zhou, Ji-Hui Yue, Guanmao Chen, and Cong Zhou

Subjects
Adult, Male, False discovery rate, medicine.medical_specialty, Bipolar Disorder, Adolescent, Precuneus, Audiology, Somatosensory system, Angular gyrus, Correlation, Young Adult, Humans, Medicine, Illness severity, Biological Psychiatry, Brain Mapping, Depressive Disorder, Major, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Functional connectivity, Brain, Middle Aged, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Psychiatry and Mental health, medicine.anatomical_structure, Female, business, Functional magnetic resonance imaging
Abstract

Recently, functional homotopy (FH) architecture, defined as robust functional connectivity (FC) between homotopic regions, has been frequently reported to be altered in MDD patients (MDDs) but with divergent locations.In this study, we obtained resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (R-fMRI) data from 1004 MDDs (mean age, 33.88 years; age range, 18-60 years) and 898 matched healthy controls (HCs) from an aggregated dataset from 20 centers in China. We focused on interhemispheric function integration in MDDs and its correlation with clinical characteristics using voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) devised to inquire about FH patterns.As compared with HCs, MDDs showed decreased VMHC in visual, motor, somatosensory, limbic, angular gyrus, and cerebellum, particularly in posterior cingulate gyrus/precuneus (PCC/PCu) (false discovery rate [FDR] q 0.002, z = -7.07). Further analysis observed that the reduction in SMG and insula was more prominent with age, of which SMG reflected such age-related change in males instead of females. Besides, the reduction in MTG was found to be a male-special abnormal pattern in MDDs. VMHC alterations were markedly related to episode type and illness severity. The higher Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score, the more apparent VMHC reduction in the primary visual cortex. First-episode MDDs revealed stronger VMHC reduction in PCu relative to recurrent MDDs.We confirmed a significant VMHC reduction in MDDs in broad areas, especially in PCC/PCu. This reduction was affected by gender, age, episode type, and illness severity. These findings suggest that the depressive brain tends to disconnect information exchange across hemispheres.

Published
2022

24. A Fluxgate-Based Current Sensor for DC Bias Elimination in a Dual Active Bridge Converter

Author

Huaping Jiang, Li Ran, Hao Feng, Guanqun Qiu, Teng Long, Weihua Shao, Xu Hou, Andrew J. Forsyth, Qiu, G [0000-0002-4536-5439], Ran, L [0000-0002-9626-6799], Feng, H [0000-0001-8447-1376], Jiang, H [0000-0002-0877-5578], Long, T [0000-0003-4401-102X], Forsyth, AJ [0000-0003-0428-1025], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
fluxgate, Isolation transformer, Saturation magnetization, Computer science, current transformer, dual active bridge (DAB) dc-dc converter, Current sensor, Windings, Magnetic separation, Current transformers, transformer core saturation, Hall effect, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Magnetic flux, business.industry, Electrical engineering, Current measurement, Fluxgate compass, Current transformer, Transformer cores, dc bias, Electromagnetic coil, business, DC bias
Abstract

A concern with the isolation transformer in a dual active bridge (DAB) dc–dc converter is the dc bias in magnetization. This article proposes a fluxgate-based current sensor to measure the dc component mixed with a large, high-frequency ac current. Compared with a commercial Hall effect current sensor, the proposed sensor significantly reduces measurement error. This article presents the working principle and design considerations. A prototype is demonstrated for dc bias elimination control in a DAB converter.\ud

Published
2022

25. Current-state opacity and initial-state opacity of modular discrete event systems

Author

Jingkai Yang, Daowen Qiu, and Weilin Deng

Subjects
Opacity, business.industry, Computer science, Estimator, Observable, Modular design, Computer Science Applications, Automaton, Control and Systems Engineering, State space, business, Algorithm, Curse of dimensionality, Event (probability theory)
Abstract

The verifications of current-state opacity (CSO) and initial-state opacity (ISO) in discrete event systems (DESs) both suffer from the curse of dimensionality, as these issues were proved to be PSPACE-complete. Hence, how to reduce the state space is crucial. In this paper, we investigate CSO and ISO in modular DESs, which consist of several individual components. Necessary and sufficient conditions of CSO and ISO for modular DESs are derived under the assumption that all synchronous events are observable by each components of modular DESs. Moreover, we prove that the initial state estimator of modular system is isomorphic to the synchronous composition of initial state estimators for individual components. These results offer us the opportunity to reduce the complexity in verifying the opacity of modular DESs.

Published
2022

26. Fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio is related to the severity of coronary artery disease in chronic kidney disease patients undergoing coronary angiography

Author

Bi-Cheng Liu, Hong Qiu, Miao Jia, Jun Zou, Hong Liu, Yu-Xian Xie, Damei Li, Donghua Jin, and Li-Hua Lin

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, Fibrinogen, Logistic regression, Coronary artery disease, Coronary arteries, medicine.anatomical_structure, Quartile, Nephrology, Internal medicine, medicine, Cardiology, business, medicine.drug, Kidney disease, Artery
Abstract

Objectives This study was to explore the potential relationship between the fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio (FAR) and the presence and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) in stage 3–5 predialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Design This study included 978 patients undergoing coronary angiography (CAG). CAD was defined as the presence of obstructive stenosis > 50% of the lumen diameter in any of the four main coronary arteries. Gensini scores (GSs), left main coronary artery (LMCA) and three-vessel coronary artery disease (TVD) were used to elevate the severity of CAD. Results The adjusted odds ratios of CAD were 3.059 (95% CI: 1.859–5.032) and 2.670 (95% CI: 1.605–4.441) in the third and fourth quartiles of FAR compared with the first quartile, respectively. Among 759 patients diagnosed with CAD, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that FAR (at the 0.01 level) was significantly positively associated with the presence of LMCA (adjusted OR = 1.177, 95% CI 1.067–1.299, P = 0.001) or TVD (adjusted OR = 1.154, 95% CI 1.076–1.238, P Conclusions FAR levels were independently associated with the presence and severity of CAD in stage 3–5 predialysis CKD patients.

Published
2022

27. Class-Imbalanced Deep Learning via a Class-Balanced Ensemble

Author

Jiang Duan, Zhi Chen, Li Kang, and Guoping Qiu

Subjects
Class (computer programming), Forcing (recursion theory), Artificial neural network, Computer Networks and Communications, business.industry, Computer science, Deep learning, Machine learning, computer.software_genre, Ensemble learning, Convolutional neural network, Computer Science Applications, Deep Learning, Artificial Intelligence, Classifier (linguistics), Feature (machine learning), Neural Networks, Computer, Artificial intelligence, business, computer, Software
Abstract

Class imbalance is a prevalent phenomenon in various real-world applications and it presents significant challenges to model learning, including deep learning. In this work, we embed ensemble learning into the deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to tackle the class-imbalanced learning problem. An ensemble of auxiliary classifiers branching out from various hidden layers of a CNN is trained together with the CNN in an end-to-end manner. To that end, we designed a new loss function that can rectify the bias toward the majority classes by forcing the CNN's hidden layers and its associated auxiliary classifiers to focus on the samples that have been misclassified by previous layers, thus enabling subsequent layers to develop diverse behavior and fix the errors of previous layers in a batch-wise manner. A unique feature of the new method is that the ensemble of auxiliary classifiers can work together with the main CNN to form a more powerful combined classifier, or can be removed after finished training the CNN and thus only acting the role of assisting class imbalance learning of the CNN to enhance the neural network's capability in dealing with class-imbalanced data. Comprehensive experiments are conducted on four benchmark data sets of increasing complexity (CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, iNaturalist, and CelebA) and the results demonstrate significant performance improvements over the state-of-the-art deep imbalance learning methods.

Published
2022

28. An Adaptive Social Spammer Detection Model With Semi-Supervised Broad Learning

Author

Xize Liu, Wenyu Qu, Xiaobo Zhou, Tie Qiu, Zhaolong Ning, and C. L. Philip Chen

Subjects
Honeypot, business.industry, Computer science, Small number, Supervised learning, Machine learning, computer.software_genre, Computer Science Applications, Spamming, ComputingMethodologies_PATTERNRECOGNITION, Computational Theory and Mathematics, Classifier (linguistics), Identity (object-oriented programming), Social media, Artificial intelligence, business, Precision and recall, computer, Information Systems
Abstract

Mobile social networks include a large number of social members who forward messages cooperatively. However, spammers post links to viruses and advertisements, or follow a large number of users, which produces many misleading messages in mobile social networks. In this paper, we propose an adaptive social spammer detection (ASSD) model. We build a spammer classifier by using a small number of labeled patterns and some unlabeled patterns. The prediction accuracy is high compared with some conventional supervised learning methods. Moreover, the time and energy required to label the identity of social members are reduced by applying ASSD. Because social spammers frequently change their behavior to deceive the spammer detection model, an incremental learning method is designed to update the spammer detection model adaptively, without retraining. We evaluate ASSD by comparing it with other supervised and semi-supervised machine learning methods using the Social Honeypot Dataset. Experimental results show that the proposed model outperforms the baseline methods in terms of recall and precision. Additionally, ASSD maintains a high detection accuracy by adaptively updating the model with newly generated social media data.

Published
2022

29. Characterizing Co-Located Workloads in Alibaba Cloud Datacenters

Author

Zujie Ren, Ge Zhefeng, Jiangbin Lin, Shenglei Chen, Congfeng Jiang, Weisong Shi, Christophe Cérin, Jiwei Wang, Guoyao Xu, and Yitao Qiu

Subjects
Job scheduler, Computer Networks and Communications, business.industry, Computer science, Quality of service, Distributed computing, Workload, Cloud computing, Directed acyclic graph, computer.software_genre, Bottleneck, Computer Science Applications, Hardware and Architecture, Batch processing, Data center, business, computer, Software, Information Systems
Abstract

Workload characteristics are vital for both data center operation and job scheduling in co-located data centers, where online services and batch jobs are deployed on the same production cluster. In this paper, a comprehensive analysis is conducted on Alibaba‘s cluster-trace-v2018 of a production cluster of 4034 machines. The findings and insights are the following: (1) The workload on the production cluster poses a daily cyclical fluctuation, in terms of CPU and disk I/O utilization, and the memory system has become the performance bottleneck of a co-located cluster. (2) Batch jobs including their tasks and derived instances can be approximated as Zipf distribution. However, for all batch jobs with directed acyclic graph dependency, they suffer from co-location with online services since the online services are highly prioritized. (3) The resource usages of containers have similar cyclical fluctuation consistent with the whole cluster, while their memory usages remain approximately constant. (4) The number of batch jobs co-located with online services is dependent on the mispredictions per kilo instructions of online services. In order to guarantee the QoS of online services, when the MPKI of online services rises, the number of batch jobs to be co-located on the same machine should decrease.

Published
2022

30. The Correlation Between Decreased Ornithine Level and Alleviation of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Assessed by a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Clinical Trial of Sinomenine

Author

Hudan Pan, Xin-Yi Xie, Yong-Fei Fang, Liang Liu, Jian-Lin Wu, Ping Qiu, Hua Zhou, Wen-Fei Leng, Ya-Feng Wang, Xiqing Bian, Can-Jian Wang, Hong-Gang Li, Ying Shi, Fei-Chi Wu, and Qing-Hua Zou

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Environmental Engineering, General Computer Science, Materials Science (miscellaneous), General Chemical Engineering, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, Placebo, 01 natural sciences, Gastroenterology, chemistry.chemical_compound, Internal medicine, medicine, Adverse effect, Sinomenine, business.industry, General Engineering, Ornithine, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, medicine.disease, Rheumatology, 0104 chemical sciences, Clinical trial, chemistry, Rheumatoid arthritis, Methotrexate, 0210 nano-technology, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Sinomenine (SIN) is commonly used as part of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) therapy in China, but there is still no published evidence of the efficacy of SIN monotherapy. This work investigates the efficacy and safety of SIN in treating RA patients and analyzes the correlation between ornithine level and the alleviation of disease activity in RA patients. In this 24 week, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial, people with mild to moderate RA were randomly assigned (1:1:1, stratified by hospital) to receive SIN (120 mg, twice daily), methotrexate (MTX) (10 mg per week), or SIN + MTX therapy. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients who achieved a 50% improvement in the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria at week 24 and who showed improvement according to the clinical disease activity index (CDAI). In this prospective subgroup analysis, we also assessed whether the 24 week alterations of disease activity in the treatment group were significantly correlated to the levels of blood ornithine. Of the 135 enrolled participants, 38, 39, and 36 patients were treated with SIN, MTX, and SIN + MTX, respectively. In the SIN-treated group, 52.63% of patients achieved ACR50 after 24 weeks of treatment, which was comparable to the results in the MTX-treated and SIN + MTX-treated groups. Hepatic and gastrointestinal disorders were the main adverse events; however, the ratio of patients suffering from hepatic disorder in the SIN group (1/38) was much lower than that in the MTX (10/39) and SIN + MTX (8/36) groups. A total of 221 serum samples were collected at the four follow-up time points in the three treatments, and the levels of ornithine, citrulline, and arginine were obtained through ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS). The serum ornithine level decreased after the 24 week treatment along with a decrease in disease activity, and may reflect therapeutic responses with a sensitivity value of 80%. In conclusion, SIN revealed a comparable efficacy to MTX for treating RA patients, but with fewer side effects. In addition, the serum ornithine level was found for the first time to have a close correlation with the alleviation of RA, which shows the value of this measure as an assessment indicator of drugs in treating RA.

Published
2022

31. A pixel-level local contrast measure for infrared small target detection

Author

Jun Huang, Yong Ma, Xiaoguang Mei, Zhao-bing Qiu, Fan Fan, and Minghui Wu

Subjects
Pixel, business.industry, Computer science, Mechanical Engineering, media_common.quotation_subject, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, Metals and Alloys, Computational Mechanics, Pattern recognition, Interference (wave propagation), Measure (mathematics), Constant false alarm rate, Random walker algorithm, Sliding window protocol, Ceramics and Composites, Contrast (vision), Segmentation, Artificial intelligence, business, media_common
Abstract

Infrared (IR) small target detection is one of the key technologies of infrared search and track (IRST) systems. Existing methods have some limitations in detection performance, especially when the target size is irregular or the background is complex. In this paper, we propose a pixel-level local contrast measure (PLLCM), which can subdivide small targets and backgrounds at pixel level simultaneously. With pixel-level segmentation, the difference between the target and the background becomes more obvious, which helps to improve the detection performance. First, we design a multiscale sliding window to quickly extract candidate target pixels. Then, a local window based on random walker (RW) is designed for pixel-level target segmentation. After that, PLLCM incorporating probability weights and scale constraints is proposed to accurately measure local contrast and suppress various types of background interference. Finally, an adaptive threshold operation is applied to separate the target from the PLLCM enhanced map. Experimental results show that the proposed method has a higher detection rate and a lower false alarm rate than the baseline algorithms, while achieving a high speed.

Published
2022

32. Computed Tomography Features of Adnexal Torsion: A Meta-Analysis

Author

Zhu Zheng-Qiu, Chen Ling-Shan, Wang Zhi-Tao, Wang Pin, Li Jing, Wang Zhong-Qiu, Tang Fu-Ting, and Hu Xu-Yu

Subjects
Torsion Abnormality, medicine.medical_specialty, Ovarian Torsion, Gastroenterology, Adnexal mass, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Lesion, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Ascites, Humans, Medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Retrospective Studies, business.industry, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, Adnexal Diseases, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Adnexal torsion, Meta-analysis, Female, Germ cell tumors, medicine.symptom, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, business
Abstract

Objectives We performed a meta-analysis of studies examining the computed tomography (CT) features of adnexal torsion (AT). Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library for studies involving the proportion of CT features in patients with AT and that used surgery as the reference test. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality tool. Results Twelve articles involving 483 patients were included. The pooled proportion of right-sided adnexal lesion was 54% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 49%–56%). The pooled proportions of the ovarian lesion histopathological types were: benign germ cell tumors, 33% (95% CI: 28%–37%); benign cystic lesions, 26% (95% CI: 21%–30%); benign epithelial neoplasms, 24% (95% CI: 20%–29%); sex cord-stromal tumors, 4% (95% CI: 2%–6%); borderline neoplasms, 3% (95% CI: 1%–6%); and hemorrhagic cysts, 2% (95% CI: 0%–3%). The pooled proportions of CT features were: Adnexal enlargement, 99% (95% CI: 98%–99%); adnexal with mass, 98% (95% CI: 97%–100%); twisted pedicle, 81% (95% CI: 78%–83%); mass with thickened wall, 77% (95% CI: 73%–81%); tubal thickening, 73% (95% CI: 68%–77%); abnormal location of adnexa, 69% (95% CI: 63%–75%), pelvic ascites, 43% (95% CI: 38%–49%); pelvic fat infiltration, 41% (95% CI: 34%–48%); uterine deviation, 37% (95% CI: 31%–42%); and lack of enhancement, 20% (95% CI: 14%–25%). Conclusion Adnexal enlargement, adnexal mass, and twisted pedicle may be the most important CT features for diagnosing AT.

Published
2022

33. Experimental analysis of the correlation between bending strength and SMFL of corroded RC beams

Author

Qiu, Junli, Zhang, Hong, Zhoua, Jianting, Ma, Hu, and Liao, Leng

Subjects
Ferromagnetism, Business, Construction and materials industries
Abstract

ABSTRACT Measuring the bearing capacity is critical for assessing the safety and durability of civil engineering structures. However, the existing non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques cannot estimate the bending strengths of [...]

Published
2019
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34. Fatigue character comparison between high modulus asphalt concrete and matrix asphalt concrete

Author

Zheng, Mulian, Lia, Peng, Yang, Jiangang, Li, Hongyin, Qiu, Yangyang, and Zhang, Zhengliang

Subjects
Asphalt -- Properties, Fatigue (Materials) -- Analysis, Testing equipment, Military bases, Business, Construction and materials industries
Abstract

ABSTRACT An innovative approach for characterizing the fatigue character of high modulus asphalt concrete (HMAC) and matrix asphalt concrete was presented. Strain-life fatigue equations based on uniaxial tensile test are [...]

Published
2019
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35. Experimental study on the vegetation characteristics of biochar-modified vegetation concrete

Author

Zhao, Min, Jia, Yinghui, Linjuan Yuan, Qiu, Jing, and Xie, Chao

Subjects
Porosity -- Analysis, Permeability -- Analysis, Environmental protection -- Planning, Charcoal -- Research -- Properties, Pollution, Environmental issue, Company business planning, Business, Construction and materials industries
Abstract

ABSTRACT Vegetation concrete is an effective material to beautify the landscape, reduce pollution and protect the environment. To further improve the plant compatibility of vegetation concrete, this paper recommends an [...]

Published
2019
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36. Investigation of crack dynamic parameters and crack arresting technique in concrete under impacts

Author

Lang, Lin, Zhu, Zheming, Zhang, Xianshang, Qiu, Hao, and zhou, Changlin

Subjects
Concrete cracking -- Analysis, Concretes -- Mechanical properties -- Analysis, Seismology -- Analysis, Explosions, Earthquakes, Business, Construction and materials industries
Abstract

ABSTRACT Concrete structures usually contain cracks or microcracks. Under dynamic loading, such as impacts, blasts and earthquakes, these cracks may initiate and propagate, weakening concrete strength and structure's stability. It [...]

Published
2019
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37. Review of the flame retardancy on highway tunnel asphalt pavement

Author

Qiu, Junling, Yang, Tao, Wang, Xiuling, Wang, Lixin, and Zhang, Guanglong

Subjects
Asphalt pavements -- Chemical properties -- Analysis, Nanotechnology -- Analysis, Combustion, Tunnels, Technology, Flame retardants, Business, Construction and materials industries
Abstract

ABSTRACT Though asphalt pavement is widely used in highway tunnels, the flammability of the asphalt pavement is still one significant topic for an in-depth study due to the serious consequences [...]

Published
2019
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38. Joint Beamforming Coordination and User Selection for CoMP-Enabled NR-U Networks

Author

Meikang Qiu, Kexin Yang, Hao Jiang, and Qimei Chen

Subjects
Beamforming, Computer Networks and Communications, Wireless network, Computer science, business.industry, Energy consumption, Spectral efficiency, Spectrum management, Computer Science Applications, Hardware and Architecture, Signal Processing, Cellular network, business, 5G, Information Systems, Block (data storage), Computer network
Abstract

The sixth generation (6G) era is expected to provide even higher levels of massive connectivity/Internet of Things (IoT), tremendous data rate and low latency than the 5G communication. Therefore, the future 6G wireless networks would confront with much more severe spectrum scarcity problems, which makes the new radio in unlicensed spectrum (NR-U) technology attractive. Meanwhile, the high densely deployed massive IoT devices lead to fearful inter-and intra-cell interference issues. To address these challenges, a coordinated multi-point (CoMP) technology can be adopted. In this work, we introduce a CoMP based NR-U network, particularly for 6G enabled massive IoT scenarios. Under the proposed network, we introduce a spatial listen-before-talk (LBT) scheme to control mobile network operators (MNOs) to coexist with the incumbent WiFi devices orthogonally, which can significantly improve the spectrum efficiency. To suppress the strong co-channel interference among multiple MNOs, we investigate a joint beamforming coordination and user selection problem, which is NP-hard. To deal with this problem, we first adopt a fractional programming and an integer replacement method to transform the objective problem into a tractable one. Then, we introduce a semi-distributed alternating direction method of multipliers and block coordinate update (ADMM-BCU) algorithm to find a suboptimal solution, which only requires limited information exchange via a CoMP server and can help reduce energy consumption. Theoretical analysis and numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm for large-scale 6G IoT scenarios.

Published
2022

40. Interactions between microplastics and microorganisms in the environment: Modes of action and influencing factors

Author

Zhuozhi Ouyang, Xuetao Guo, Peng Liu, Zhiping Qi, and Xinran Qiu

Subjects
congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities, Microplastics, business.industry, Microorganism, Biofilm, nutritional and metabolic diseases, Geology, Heavy metals, Biotechnology, Fully developed, Microbial population biology, Microbial colonization, Sewage treatment, skin and connective tissue diseases, business
Abstract

The widespread presence of microplastics (MPs) in the environment has led to the rise of the study on the interaction between MPs and microorganisms. The variety and characteristics of MPs in the environment make their interaction with microorganisms more complex. Recent studies have found that MPs can also serve as an important carrier for microorganisms to form fully developed biofilms on the substrates. The emergence of new ecological sites will also affect the ecosystem of water and soil. We present the latest knowledge of MPs' interactions with microorganisms and summarize their respective potential impacts on the environment. It was found that the main factors affecting microbial colonization on MPs were the characteristics of MPs, exposure time and environmental factors. Furthermore, microbial colonization on MPs can affect the composition and distribution of the microbial community in the environment, as well as the migration and transformation of other contaminants which also occur in the animal guts. When it come to the toxicity of MPs to microorganisms, it has been found that the main effects of MPs on microorganisms are the effect on microbial growth, photosynthesis of microorganisms and some single cells. In addition, the combined effects of MPs with heavy metals and organic compounds on microorganisms can be divided into antagonistic effects, synergistic toxicity, promoting effects and non-effects. In turn, microbes will have impacts on MPs in terms of degradation, absorption, transfer and deposition. In practical application, MPs will affect the biological treatment stage of sewage treatment. This review discusses the interaction mechanism and influencing factors between microorganisms and MPs. It also called for active exploration of methods for treating MPs with microorganisms in the actual environment, providing a theoretical basis for the treatment of microorganisms, and a better understanding of the environmental behavior and ecological risk assessment of MPs.

Published
2022

41. Distributed Dynamic Route Guidance and Signal Control for Mobile Edge Computing-Enhanced Connected Vehicle Environment

Author

Tony Z. Qiu and Huiyu Chen

Subjects
Mobile edge computing, Computer science, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Bandwidth (signal processing), Real-time computing, SIGNAL (programming language), Response time, Cloud computing, Signal timing, Computer Science Applications, Automotive Engineering, Routing (electronic design automation), business, 5G
Abstract

The benefit of real-time joint dynamic route guidance and signal control (DRG-SC) is usually compromised by a centralized framework since it naturally leads to an un-timely solution with the growing data-processing needs and problem-solving complexity. Mobile edge computing (MEC) pushes the data storage and computation from the remote cloud to local infrastructures and hence reduces response time and improves network bandwidth when further combined with 5G. As such, our study first develops a novel distributed framework to facilitate DRG-SC in connected vehicle (CV) environment with clarifying the MEC's vital role. The method captures the interaction of vehicles' routing and signal control, wherein we use a more realistic and accurate way to define the relationship between travel time and traffic volume. Vehicles make route decisions and cooperate to reach user optimal (UO) or system optimal (SO) traffic state. In tandem, the developed adaptive signal control (ASC) adjusts the signal timing plan with considering both the adjacent intersections' traffic volume and the vehicles' waiting time. Our method achieves significant reductions in vehicles' average departure delay, waiting time and travel time when justified by a comprehensive case study implemented in SUMO. Moreover, the effectiveness of adopting such a distributed framework in saving computation time is verified. Overall, our study provides valuable and practical insights into the intelligent operation and control.

Published
2022

42. Optimal Power Scheduling Using Data-Driven Carbon Emission Flow Modelling for Carbon Intensity Control

Author

Yunqi Wang, Jing Qiu, and Yuechuan Tao

Subjects
business.industry, Fossil fuel, Scheduling (production processes), Energy Engineering and Power Technology, chemistry.chemical_element, Energy consumption, Combustion, Demand response, chemistry, Greenhouse gas, Environmental science, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Process engineering, business, Energy source, Carbon
Abstract

The anthropogenic carbon emissions in the power system would continue to increase with growing energy consumption. In this regard, researchers have focused on managing the demand side with carbon tracing tools (e.g., carbon emission flow model) to achieve low-carbon transition, as it is the need of customers that drives the combustion of fossil fuels and creates substantial carbon emissions. However, such a low-carbon transition cannot be achieved effectively without the right incentive scheme. It is desired to improve the computation quality of carbon tracing tools and extend their applications by state-of-art techniques. To fulfil these existing research gaps, in this paper, a low-carbon optimal scheduling model with carbon intensity control by demand response (DR) mechanism is proposed. It aims to reduce the dependence of customers on energy sources with high carbon intensities while decreasing reasonable energy consumption. Herein, energy consumption is linked to carbon emission via carbon emission flow (CEF) model. Also, a data-driven approach conducted with the Bayesian interfere regression is proposed to carry out the CEF analysis to cope with the drawbacks of the conventional emission calculation. Moreover, the storage emission and relevant dynamic impacts to the system are fully considered.

Published
2022

43. Personality- and Value-Aware Scheduling of User Requests in Cloud for Profit Maximization

Author

Junlong Zhou, Guo Xu, Mingsong Chen, Peijin Cong, Meikang Qiu, and Tongquan Wei

Subjects
Speedup, Operations research, Computer Networks and Communications, business.industry, Computer science, Cloud computing, Maximization, Benchmarking, Profit (economics), Computer Science Applications, Scheduling (computing), Cross entropy, Hardware and Architecture, business, Integer programming, Software, Information Systems
Abstract

The main goal of a cloud provider is to make profits by providing services to users. Existing profit optimization strategies employ homogeneous user models in which user personality is ignored, resulting in fewer profits and particularly notably lower user satisfaction that in turn, leads to fewer users and reduced profits. In this paper, we propose efficient personality-aware request scheduling schemes to maximize the profit of the cloud provider under the constraint of user satisfaction. Specifically, we first model the service requests at the granularity of individual personality and propose a personalized user satisfaction prediction model based on questionnaires. Subsequently, we design a personality-guided integer linear programming (ILP)-based request scheduling algorithm to maximize the profit under the constraint of user satisfaction, which is followed by an approximate but lightweight value assessment and cross entropy (VACE)-based profit improvement scheme. The VACE-based scheme is especially tailored for applications with high scheduling resolution. Extensive simulation results show that our satisfaction prediction model can achieve the accuracy of up to 83%, and our profit optimization schemes can improve the profit by at least 3.96% as compared to the benchmarking methods while still obtaining a speedup of at least 1.68x.

Published
2022

44. Underutilization of Blue Light Cystoscopy for Bladder Cancer in the United States

Author

Siv Venkat, Camilo Arenas-Gallo, Patrick Lewicki, Yuqing Qiu, Spyridon P. Basourakos, Jonathan E. Shoag, and Douglas S. Scherr

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Bladder cancer, business.industry, Mitomycin, Urology, General surgery, medicine.medical_treatment, Cancer, Cystoscopy, Guideline, Cystectomy, medicine.disease, United States, Urethra, medicine.anatomical_structure, Blue light cystoscopy, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms, Bladder tumor, Humans, Medicine, business, Blue light
Abstract

Blue light cystoscopy (BLC) during transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) is guideline-recommended as it improves cancer detection and decreases recurrence of the disease. However, the extent to which BLC is used has not been established. We studied BLC use in the Premier Healthcare Database, a large, national sample that captured 158 870 index TURBT procedures between January 2011 and March 2020. Billing data were queried for the administration of hexaminolevulinate at TURBT as a proxy for BLC, and logistic regression models were constructed to identify variables associated with BLC use. BLC was used in 1.2% of index TURBT procedures over the study period. Its use increased following the American Urological Association non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer guideline publication in October 2016 but plateaued in late 2018. After adjusting for patient characteristics, higher odds for BLC use were found for academic hospitals and hospitals with higher TURBT volumes and higher radical cystectomy volumes. Within hospitals with BLC capability, predictors of a surgeon never using BLC included low surgeon TURBT volumes, low surgeon radical cystectomy volumes, and lack of mitomycin C use. Our findings highlight a concerning underutilization and stagnation in the adoption of evidence and guideline-supported intervention. PATIENT SUMMARY: Use of blue light visualization of the bladder improves the detection of cancer during removal of bladder tumors via the urethra. We reviewed records in a large US database for use of this technique and found that it is being underutilized. Since this technique improves detection of cancer in the bladder so that it can be removed to reduce recurrence, blue light visualization should be more widely used.

Published
2022

45. The Establishment of a New Air Health Index Integrating the Mortality Risks Due to Ambient Air Pollution and Non-Optimum Temperature

Author

Guanjin Yin, Renjie Chen, Qingli Zhang, Yang Qiu, Maigeng Zhou, Haidong Kan, Xia Meng, and Xihao Du

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, General Computer Science, Fine particulate, Materials Science (miscellaneous), General Chemical Engineering, Air pollution, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Pulmonary disease, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Health index, stomatognathic system, Environmental health, medicine, Stroke, Excess mortality, Ambient air pollution, business.industry, General Engineering, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, medicine.disease, Coronary heart disease, nervous system diseases, respiratory tract diseases, 0104 chemical sciences, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

Abstrct A composite Air Health Index (AHI) is helpful for separately emphasizing the health risks of multiple stimuli and communicating the overall risks of an adverse atmospheric environment to the public. We aimed to establish a new AHI by integrating daily mortality risks due to air pollution with those due to non-optimum temperature in China. Based on the exposure-response (E-R) coefficients obtained from time-series models, the new AHI was constructed as the sum of excess mortality risk associated with air pollutants and non-optimum temperature in 272 Chinese cities from 2013 to 2015. We examined the association between the “total AHI” (based on total mortality) and total mortality, and further compared the ability of the “total AHI” to predict specific cardiopulmonary mortality with that of “specific AHIs” (based on specific mortalities). On average, air pollution and non-optimum temperature were associated with 28.23% of daily excess mortality, of which 23.47% was associated with non-optimum temperature while the remainder was associated with fine particulate matter (PM2.5) (1.12%), NO2 (2.29%,), and O3 (2.29%). The new AHI uses a 10-point scale and shows an average across all 272 cities of 6 points. The E-R curve for AHI and mortality is approximately linear, without any thresholds. Each one unit increase in “total AHI” is associated with a 0.84% increase in all-cause mortality and 1.01%, 0.98%, 1.02%, 1.66%, and 1.71% increases in cardiovascular disease, coronary heart disease, stroke, respiratory diseases, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease mortality, respectively. Cause-specific mortality risk estimates using the “total AHI” are similar to those predicted by “specific AHIs”. In conclusion, the “total AHI” proposed herein could be a promising tool for communicating health risks related to exposure to the ambient environment to the public.

Published
2022

46. How to Transition Patients Back From Psychiatric Care to Primary Care: An Access Initiative Protocol Development

Author

David R. Johnson, Margaret R. Emerson, Marley Doyle, Fang Qiu, and Shinobu Watanabe-Galloway

Subjects
Protocol (science), medicine.medical_specialty, Primary Health Care, Referral, business.industry, Specialty, Primary care, Ambulatory Care Facilities, Psychotherapy, Medical services, Psychiatry and Mental health, Electronic health record, Outpatients, Humans, Medicine, Outpatient clinic, business, Psychiatry, Referral and Consultation
Abstract

This column describes the initial steps to develop a bidirectional access initiative between outpatient psychiatric and primary care clinics within an academic medical center. The authors analyzed electronic health record data (N=2,837 patients), interviewed psychiatric and primary care providers, assembled a work group, and identified five patient tracks (treatment optimization, psychiatric continuity, specialty clinic, psychotherapy, and community referral). Over 16 months, the number of patients scheduled for new psychiatric diagnostic evaluations with medical services increased from 62.5 to 116.0 per month without significant change in the no-show rate for evaluations within the psychiatric outpatient clinic.

Published
2022

47. Learning-Driven Cloud Resource Provision Policy for Content Providers With Competitor

Author

Tie Qiu, Xiaobo Zhou, Keqiu Li, Zhao Laiping, and Xiaodong Dong

Subjects
Computer Networks and Communications, Computer science, business.industry, Cloud computing, Competitor analysis, Environmental economics, Profit (economics), Computer Science Applications, Competition (economics), Lottery, Resource (project management), Hardware and Architecture, Reinforcement learning, Markov decision process, business, Software, Information Systems
Abstract

The cloud resource provision policy of a content provider in the presence of competitors on globally distributed cloud platforms plays a significant role in maximizing its profit. However, developing an optimal resource provision policy is quite challenging, due to the difficult to capture the competition relationship between two competitive CPs and to obtain the budget of the competitors which is usually kept private. To solve this problem, in this paper, we propose a learning-driven cloud resource provision policy for a CP with competitors. We formulate the competition between the CPs as a lottery Colonel Blotto game in which the payoff of each region is positively related to the resource advantage achieved by the CP, formulate the budget allocation problem as a Markov decision process, and obtain the sub-optimal resource provision policy by reinforcement learning and deep reinforcement learning-based algorithms. We also prove the convergence of the sub-optimal solution. Finally, we validate our proposed method using real-world CPs statistics. The results show that the budget information is critical for a CP to make policy decisions, and it is better for CPs with smaller budget to focus their budget resources in regions with higher values.

Published
2022

48. RSegNet: A Joint Learning Framework for Deformable Registration and Segmentation

Author

Hongliang Ren and Liang Qiu

Subjects
Similarity (geometry), Computer science, business.industry, Anatomical structures, Probabilistic logic, Image segmentation, Consistency (database systems), Control and Systems Engineering, Segmentation, Computer vision, Artificial intelligence, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Joint (audio engineering), business
Abstract

Medical image segmentation and registration are two tasks to analyze the anatomical structures in clinical research. Still, deep-learning solutions utilizing the connections between segmentation and registration remain underdiscovered. This article designs a joint learning framework named RSegNet that can realize concurrent deformable registration and segmentation by minimizing an integrated loss function, including three parts: diffeomorphic registration loss, segmentation similarity loss, and dual-consistency supervision loss. The probabilistic diffeomorphic registration branch could benefit from the auxiliary segmentations available from the segmentation branch to achieve anatomical consistency and better deformation regularity by dual-consistency supervision. Simultaneously, the segmentation performance could also be improved by data augmentation based on the registration with well-behaved diffeomorphic guarantees. Experiments on the human brain 3-D magnetic resonance images have been implemented to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach. We trained and validated RSegNet with 1000 images and tested its performances on four public datasets, which shows that our method successfully yields concurrent improvements of both segmentation and registration compared with separately trained networks. Specifically, our method can increase the accuracy of segmentation and registration by 7.0% and 1.4%, respectively, in terms of Dice scores.

Published
2022

50. Carotid stiffening predicts cardiovascular risk stratification in mid-life: non-invasive quantification with ultrafast ultrasound imaging

Author

Hui Gao, Xue-Hui Ma, Wenjun Liu, Yun Luan, Chong Zou, Yi-Yun Wu, Hui Huang, Yin-Ping Wang, Bixiao Shen, Zheng-Qiu Zhu, Ling-Shan Chen, Shanshan He, and Xinyi Zhang

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Non invasive, medicine.disease, Stiffening, Internal medicine, Risk stratification, medicine, Cardiology, Ultrasound imaging, Arterial stiffness, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, business, Ultrashort pulse, Pulse wave velocity
Abstract

Purpose: The present study investigated the association between Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE)-estimated cardiovascular risk and carotid stiffening in a middle-aged population using ultrafast pulse wave velocity (ufPWV).Methods: This study enrolled 683 participants without known cardiovascular disease or diabetes mellitus who underwent ufPWV measurements. Clinical interviews, physical examinations, laboratory findings, carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), pulse wave velocity (PWV) at the beginning of systole (PWV-BS), and PWV at the end of systole (PWV-ES) were assessed. Each participant underwent an assessment of SCORE risk based on major cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs), including age, sex, smoking, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and total cholesterol (TC). Crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals and ordinal logistic regression were used. Overall CVRFs were adjusted to assess ORs.Results: cIMT and carotid stiffening in PWV-BS and PWV-ES were significantly different between sex subgroups (all P0.05).Conclusion: Carotid stiffening quantified by ufPWV is linked to SCORE categories, and elevated PWV-ES may aid in cardiovascular risk stratification.

Published
2022

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