1. Dietary macronutrient composition in relation to circulating HDL and non-HDL cholesterol: a federated individual-level analysis of cross-sectional data from adolescents and adults in 8 European studies
- Author
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Jildau Bouwman, Taylor A. Breuninger, Katharina Nimptsch, Holger Schulz, Sybille Koletzko, Andrea von Berg, Antonietta Robino, Axelle Hoge, Stefan Benda, Tobias Pischon, Chen Yang, Marie Standl, Ute Nöthlings, Stephanie Jeran, Demetris Avraam, Luis Castaño, Jakob Linseisen, Gunda Herberth, Nicolas Gillain, Janett Barbaresko, Michèle Guillaume, Mariona Pinart, Paolo Gasparini, Carla Harris, Anne-Françoise Donneau, Paul Burton, Marta Stelmach-Mardas, Carl Lachat, Heiner Boeing, Gemma Rojo-Martinez, Pinart, M., Jeran, S., Boeing, H., Stelmach-Mardas, M., Standl, M., Schulz, H., Harris, C., von Berg, A., Herberth, G., Koletzko, S., Linseisen, J., Breuninger, T. A., Nothlings, U., Barbaresko, J., Benda, S., Lachat, C., Yang, C., Gasparini, P., Robino, A., Rojo-Martinez, G., Castano, L., Guillaume, M., Donneau, A. -F., Hoge, A., Gillain, N., Avraam, D., Burton, P. R., Bouwman, J., Pischon, T., and Nimptsch, K.
- Subjects
Male ,Agriculture and Food Sciences ,data sharing ,carbohydrates ,Blood lipids ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,BLOOD-PRESSURE ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,adults ,Macronutrient composition ,Medicine ,adolescents ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,CARBOHYDRATE INTAKE ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,18 COUNTRIES ,adult ,SATURATED FATTY-ACIDS ,energy density models ,Observational Studies as Topic ,Editorial ,CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE ,SERUM-LIPIDS ,Female ,Smoking status ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,Dietary Carbohydrates ,Polyunsaturated fatty acid ,Adolescents ,Adults ,Blood Lipids ,Carbohydrates ,Data Integration ,Data Sharing ,Dietary Intake ,Energy Density Models ,Fatty Acids ,Substitution ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Technology and Engineering ,Adolescent ,APOLIPOPROTEIN-B ,blood lipids ,data integration ,dietary intake ,fatty acids ,substitution ,HEART-DISEASE ,GUINEA-PIG ,AcademicSubjects/MED00060 ,Internal medicine ,Humans ,ddc:610 ,energy density model ,DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN-CHOLESTEROL ,Cholesterol ,business.industry ,blood lipid ,Cholesterol, HDL ,Nutrients ,Individual level ,Dietary Fats ,Diet ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,carbohydrate ,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases ,adolescent ,Non hdl cholesterol ,AcademicSubjects/SCI00960 ,fatty acid ,business - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Associations between increased dietary fat and decreased carbohydrate intake with circulating HDL and non-HDL cholesterol have not been conclusively determined. OBJECTIVE: We assessed these relations in 8 European observational human studies participating in the European Nutritional Phenotype Assessment and Data Sharing Initiative (ENPADASI) using harmonized data. METHODS: Dietary macronutrient intake was recorded using study-specific dietary assessment tools. Main outcome measures were lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations: HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) and non-HDL cholesterol (mg/dL). A cross-sectional analysis on 5919 participants (54% female) aged 13-80 y was undertaken using the statistical platform DataSHIELD that allows remote/federated nondisclosive analysis of individual-level data. Generalized linear models (GLM) were fitted to assess associations between replacing 5% of energy from carbohydrates with equivalent energy from total fats, SFAs, MUFAs, or PUFAs with circulating HDL cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol. GLM were adjusted for study source, age, sex, smoking status, alcohol intake and BMI. RESULTS: The replacement of 5% of energy from carbohydrates with total fats or MUFAs was statistically significantly associated with 0.67mg/dL (95% CI: 0.40, 0.94) or 0.99mg/dL (95% CI: 0.37, 1.60) higher HDL cholesterol, respectively, but not with non-HDL cholesterol concentrations. The replacement of 5% of energy from carbohydrates with SFAs or PUFAs was not associated with HDL cholesterol, but SFAs were statistically significantly associated with 1.94mg/dL (95% CI: 0.08, 3.79) higher non-HDL cholesterol, and PUFAs with -3.91mg/dL (95% CI: -6.98, -0.84) lower non-HDL cholesterol concentrations. A statistically significant interaction by sex for the association of replacing carbohydrates with MUFAs and non-HDL cholesterol was observed, showing a statistically significant inverse association in males and no statistically significant association in females. We observed no statistically significant interaction by age. CONCLUSIONS: The replacement of dietary carbohydrates with fats had favorable effects on lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations in European adolescents and adults when fats were consumed as MUFAs or PUFAs but not as SFAs.
- Published
- 2021