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Introduction: Sleep inertia, a detrimental effect of daytime nap, may affect cognitive functions following awakening. The present study aimed to assess the effects of sleep inertia on cognitive and psychomotor tasks following short nap of 30 min taken in the afternoon hours, a realistic probability in the aerospace operational environment. Material and Methods: In a repetitive measure design, 30 healthy male volunteers having adequate sleep the previous night, were tested for changes in cognitive and psychomotor performance following 30 min of nap after lunch at the Sleep-cum-Group confinement lab. Post nap longitudinal testing for dual task (DT) test and Stroop test was carried out in periodic intervals for 40 min. DT response time (DTRT), DT lag error (DTLE), DT correct clicks (DTCC) and response time difference (Stroop Effect [SE]) were analyzed as performance measures. Results: There was a significant increase in DTRT (χ2 =11.13, P = 0.011) in the post-nap period as compared to pre-nap baseline values. No significant changes were observed in other parameters vis DTLE, DTCC, and SE. Post-hoc analysis revealed that the increase of DTRT was significant at 6 min post-nap session; following which the changes were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Sleep inertia was found to affect speed component of the task rather than accuracy in a post-nap period of 30 min. The effect was significant at 6 min following awakening and after that, the effects got dissipated. Although nap can be an effective strategy for sleep-alertness management, the effects of sleep inertia have to be borne in mind, especially during sustained military operations.

Cloud computing is a variety of service provider through the internet mobile cloud computing is a simplicity cloud computing in which same mobile devices included among them. As the mobile devices increasing in large number day by day. In existing system Mobile cloud computing used to overcome the limitations of smart phones such as battery life time, limited computational power, size of memory and uncertain network connectivity . To overcome this limitations in offloading technique novel frame work will be used in this files from user are transmitted to cloud in single path. This is more time consuming and takes more time in transmitting files. Proposed system we use this technique in edge cloud computing server to reduce latency and also to reduce energy consumption and perform task with efficiency. In addition parallelization is used for the execution of the method in cloud server to reduce energy and execution time.

The objective of our study was to determine the significant correlation between patients with dry eye symptoms and insomnia. The study was conducted among 150 persons at Saveetha medical college and hospital. An evaluation was performed using self-reported structured questionnaires regarding symptoms of insomnia and dry eye, including ocular pain and duration of time they spend on TV/mobile. Then dry eye patients were confirmed by Tear break up time (TBUT), Schirmer test 1, and 2. The Control group (no symptom of dry eye) was chosen randomly and evaluated using the same self-reporting questionnaires. The study was conducted on 150 persons with a mean age of 32 years in Tamil Nadu, India. On analyzing the data collected we have shown that there is a significant association between Dry eye and insomnia using chi-square (44.977), P-value (

The purpose of this study is to compare the accuracy of interpupillary distance (IPD) measured using an Interpupillary distance (IPD) ruler with that of a needed auto refractometer. The validity of both the test are compared and normal data for each individual were established. To assess the accuracy of Interpupillary distance measured using IPD ruler with that of Neidek auto refractometer. The IPD is a very cardial measurement that had to be calculated for patients with spectacle corrections before selecting frames. A cross-sectional study involving 150 subjects was conducted in the OPD of the Department of Ophthalmology in a Medical college in Chennai. Interpupillary distances had been measured using the IPD ruler and the Neidek auto refractometer, during a period of 3 months.IPD measurements from 150 subjects were obtained using IPD ruler and Neidek auto refractometer. From the study, it was found that there is a no significant difference between the IPD measured using IPD ruler with that of Neidek auto refractometer. IPD measured using IPD ruler is accurate to the IPD measured using Neidek auto refractometer.

Objective: Globally a significant proportion of treatable blindness is caused by cataract, especially in India and southeast Asia. Treatment of cataract is surgical correction with intraocular lens implantation. The main drawback of surgical correction is induction of postoperative astigmatism in patients. The aim of this study was to compare the degree of astigmatism in manual small incision cataract surgery and phacoemulsification 3 mo postoperatively Methods: The study was a retrospective case study on postoperative corneal astigmatism after cataract surgery. It was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Thandalam, Tamil Nadu. A total of 100 patients were selected and divided into two groups, group A (=50) underwent phacoemulsification and group B (=50) underwent manual small incision cataract surgery. Preoperative astigmatic status of the patients was noted from patient records. Both groups were evaluated 3 mo postoperatively using automated keratometry. The data collected was analyzed using Microsoft Excel Independent T test, p

Objective: It is a retrospective study to evaluate the effect of myopia on primary open-angle glaucoma by classifying the eyes into NMG (non-myopic glaucoma), HMG (highly myopic glaucoma) And MMG (mild to moderate myopic glaucoma). Methods: The study was performed on 120 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma who were medically treated. Any participant who had surgery done was excluded from the study. The relation between glaucoma and different myopia and progression were assessed on the basis of age, gender, risk factors. Results: Out of the 120 cases assessed, 46 [38 percent] were female and 74 [62 percent] were males. On the basis of age there were 9 cases between 31-40 y, 30 cases between the ages 41-50, 40 cases between 51-60, 32 cases between 61-70 and 9 cases between 71-80, on the basis of myopia 59 [49 percent] were NMG 47 [39 percent] were MMG and 14 [12 percent] were HMG. On the basis of risk factors,12 of them had Diabetes Mellitus, 7 had Hypertension, 7 had a history of steroid use, 3 had a history of migraines and 6 of them had a family history of glaucoma. In the observed one year period 73 percent if the cases were not progressive while 27 percent were progressive. In this study, it has been observed that the males are more commonly affected and the age group with the most cases was the 51 to 60 age group. The majority of the cases showed no risk factors though Diabetes Mellitus is the most common. The progression of the disease is seen more frequently in cases associated with Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension. In MMG 12 out of the 47 cases were progressive and in NMG 15 out of the 59 cases were progressive. Conclusion: Though high myopia is important in the pathogenesis of glaucoma there was no evidence that high myopia increases the progression of the disease of the 14 cases, only 5 were progressive.

Introduction: Coronary slow-flow phenomenon (CSFP) is a frequent angiographic finding with obscure pathophysiology. Although recognized for decades, the incidence of such a clinical entity is rare in aviation environment and poses unique aeromedical challenges in disposition of the aircrew. Case Details: A 53-year-old asymptomatic pilot from a helicopter stream was detected to have ECG abnormality during a routine medical examination. His treadmill test was borderline positive for inducible myocardial ischemia, whereas angiography revealed proximal ectasia with a slow flow. He was diagnosed as a case of “Coronary Slow-Flow Phenomenon,” started on antiplatelets and was observed on ground for 36 weeks. A comprehensive cardiological evaluation following that revealed an asymptomatic status, controlled modifiable risk factors and no progression of ECG changes. Echocardiography, 24 h Holter, and stress MPI were essentially normal. Based on an evidence-based approach, the aircrew were reflighted back to flying in a multicrew aircraft. Discussion: This case study discusses our approach to aeromedical evaluation and disposition of a helicopter pilot with CSFP, which is unique, yet rarely encountered disability among aircrew.

Introduction: Modern generation fighter aircraft has expanded the escape envelope for a fighter aircrew. With the ejection occurring at very high airspeeds, windblast is a cause of major injuries and fatalities. Flying helmet, before its induction into operational usage, must be tested in simulated windblast conditions to ensure that they provide adequate safety. Material and Methods: Windblast tests were conducted on a newly designed/procured helmet in a standard windblast test facility as per Mil Std MIL-V-29591/1. A large instrumented Hybrid III male dummy was used for the tests. The test conditions were: Wind speed 600 ± 60 KEAS, rise time of 125 ± 20 ms, time at peak wind velocity of 300 ± 50 ms, and total exposure time of ≥3 s. Structural integrity, retention with the headform, and recorded neck loads were assessed for interpretation of test results. Results: Helmets could withstand the windblast conditions without any significant structural failures and were retained with the headform during the entire duration of test conditions. However, analysis of the neck loads resulted in a significant dilemma in aeromedical decision-making, there being no laid down criteria in the Mil Specification. The neck tension forces were more than the acceptable limits and found to have the potential for significant neck injuries as per the Injury Assessment Reference Values specified in AGARD-AR-330 specifically in the tests where blast was head on and outer visor in up configuration; however, these values were within the acceptable limits as per the other proposed criteria. Similarly, analysis of the neck tension extension combined effects revealed conflicting outcomes for Nij performance limits specified in various standards. This paper discusses the critical analysis of neck loads vis-à-vis the neck injury criteria to understand the neck loads generated during windblast conditions and its implication on aircrew safety. Conclusion: Neck loads assessment is critical in predicting aircrew safety during windblast testing. In the absence of a clearly defined criteria in the Mil Specification, critical ananlysis of neck loads vis-à-vis recommended standards in scientific literature be done to make meaningful conclusion.

Skin diseases are getting more common than any other disease in the world. Due to lack of personal care and different environmental factors many of the people are suffering from skin diseases. It may have caused because of infection, allergy, bacteria or viruses, etc. Not every patient has the facility to go to the doctor for primary consultation based on the financial issues. To overcome this problem we developed an android application which helps the patients in diagnosing the disease easily at home. There are several methods or algorithms in machine learning to make this process easier. We proposed an approach to skin disease prediction using MobileNet model which is a part of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). In total there are six diseases namely acne, actinic, psoriasis, tinea ringworm, eczema and seborrhoea. Our model is pre-trained by feeding thousands of images also including images which are not diseased and also which do not comes under skin. Our approach is simple, fast and inexpensive and does not require huge equipment for the diagnosis. It is found that MobileNet model gives best accuracy.

Aim: To assess the perceived oral health beliefs, traditional practices, and oral health status of nomads. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 115 nomads residing in various places of Tamilnadu. Information regarding socio-demographics such as age, gender, occupation, and place of residence were obtained. Study participants were interviewed with a pre-tested questionnaire consisting questions related to oral health beliefs and oral health practices. Clinical examination was carried out to record the oral health status using a proforma. Results: A significant Chi-square association was found with oral health-related beliefs (P < 0.01). However, 30.9% had perceived strong beliefs, 64.3% of the subjects used toothbrush, and 20% had at least one oral mucosal lesion. Conclusion: A significant proportion of nomads had perceived oral health beliefs, which had a significant association with their traditional practices and their oral health was much deteriorated.

Objective: The aim is to determine the prevalence of retinal changes in Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH) and its association with age, parity, proteinuria, blood pressureand severity of PIH. Methods: This is a tertiary hospital based Cross-Sectional study including all patients, clinically diagnosed with Pregnancy Induced Hypertension. General demographic details along with age, gravida, gestation period, proteinuria, blood pressure and severity of PIH were noted. Ophthalmic examination was performed and detailed fundus examination was done. Results: A total of 52 patients were included in this study. Their mean age was 24.9 y; 32 out of 52 patients were primigravida (61%) and 20 patients were multi gravida (39%). Out of 52 patients 34 (65.38%) had Gestational Hypertension, 16 (30.76%) had preeclampsia, and 2 (3.8%) had eclampsia. 3 (5.76%) out of 29 patients with BP160/100 mmHg had developed Hypertensive Retinopathy. Hypertensive Retinopathy was seen in 13 (25%). Proteinuria was seen in 10 (19.23%) patients ranging between+to+++on the dipstick. Conclusion: Statistically significant correlation between retinal changes and proteinuria, blood pressure and severity of Disease.The most important requisite in a case of Pregnancy Induced Hypertension is Fundoscopic examination of retina. The retinal vessels during PIH form a gateway to visualize changes in the body and placental vessels, and may play a key role in early detection and treatment of PIH for protection of the mother as well as the fetus.

Objective: The objective of our study was to assess the variations in contrast sensitivity values of normoglycemic subjects and that of type II diabetic subjects of the same age group. It was also aimed at finding the visual acuities and study the associations of it with contrast sensitivity if any. Methods: It was a hospital-based comparative cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in the out-patient department of the Department of Ophthalmology, Saveetha Medical College, Hospital, Chennai. Visual Acuity and Contrast Sensitivity of 50 Type II Diabetic individuals and 50 age-equivalent control group subjects were measured using the Snellen’s chart and Pelli-Robson chart, respectively, during the months of January to March 2020. Results: Contrast Sensitivity measurements from 50 subjects with Non-Insulin dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM) were obtained. The subjects were the ones who had minimal or no diabetic retinopathy. It was observed that there is a significant association between reduced contrast sensitivity and Diabetes (P value

Objective: To find out the incidence and prevalence of Dry Eyes in Diabetic patients and find out its effect on visual acuity. Methods: A prospective study was conducted in Saveetha Medical College and Hospital. Schirmer’s test was done for 100 diabetic patients taking part in the research. Those with dry eyes were tested for their visual acuity and were asked to fill a questionnaire based on associated ocular symptoms. The collected data were analysed using Microsoft Excel. Results: There is about an incidence of 82% of dry eyes in diabetic patients. It’s more prevalent among elderly women. There seems to be a significant effect of dry eys on visual acuity as 31% of those tested with dry eyes have a moderate visual impairment. Conclusion: People with diabetes are at a higher risk of developing dry eye. So diabetic patients should undergo regular ocular examination and must be screened for dry eyes. Early diagnosis and treatment of dry eyes is the best choice to prevent ocular complications in the future.

Objective: Pterygium is a fibrovascular growth encroaching from the conjunctiva into the cornea. This study deals with the comparison of conjunctival autograft and bare sclera technique as treatment options for pterygium. Methods: This study was done in the ophthalmology department of Saveetha Medical College, Thandalam, Chennai. A total of 100 patients were diagnosed of pterygium was taken for the study, out of which 60 patients were operated on with conjunctival autograft and 40 patients were operated with bare sclera technique. Patients with hypertension, diabetes mellitus were excluded. Post-operative complications and recurrence were noted. All the patients were between the age group of 20-65 y. Results: The mean age of patients operated with conjunctival autograft was 43.6, whereas in bare sclera technique was 46.625. The maximum age was 63 and the minimum age was 23 in conjunctival autograft whereas in bare sclera technique, the maximum age was 64 and the minimum age was 22. The recurrence rate of pterygium in conjunctival autograft was 1 and the recurrence rate of pterygium in bare sclera technique was 4. Conclusion: The present study revealed that conjunctival autograft was a better treatment option compared to the bare sclera technique for excision of pterygium

Diabetes is a chronic, lifelong condition due to inadequate production of insulin or the cells does not properly respond it. Recently, the significance and effectiveness of herbal drugs associated with diabetes has emerged. The aim of the present study was to determine the anti-diabetic effects of Terminalia catappa L. leaves on streptozotocin (STZ)-treated rats. Two different concentrations of ethanolic leaf extract (300 and 500 mg/kg) of T. catappa were used to treat diabetic rats, and biochemical parameters were analyzed in blood samples. The results of herbal treatments were compared with the standard drug, glibenclamide. The ethanol extract (500 mg/kg) had significant anti-diabetic activity by altering blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, liver glycogen, glucose 6-phosphatase, fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase, glucokinase, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, urea, uric acid and creatinine levels while increasing insulin levels. Thus, the present study suggests that the supplementation of the diabetic patients with T. catappa leaves can lead to recovery from diabetic effects. Keywords: Terminalia catappa, Anti-diabetic, Anti-hyperlipidemia, HbA1c

We investigate the impact of different substrates on the performance of a monolayer MoS2 field-effect transistor (FET) by calculating the interface charge density between the MoS2 layer and the substrate using first-principle calculations based on density functional theory to provide details about the overlap of electron orbitals at the interface. The electrical characteristics of the monolayer MoS2 FET are determined by using the extracted interface charge density in numerical simulations. The electron transport behavior of the monolayer MoS2 FET is modeled using the nonequilibrium Green’s function with mode space (NEGF_MS) approach. We study and compare the performance of monolayer MoS2 FETs on different substrates, viz. SiO2, HfSiO4, Si3N4, HfO2, and h-BN. The results reveal that the monolayer MoS2 FET on the h-BN/Si substrate exhibits an on-current of 548 µA/µm and a subthreshold swing of 65 mV/dec.

Child safety and tracking is of utmost importance as children are the most vulnerable. With increasing crime rates such as child kidnaping, child trafficking, child abuse and so on, the need for an advanced smart security system has become a necessity. With this motivation, a self-alerting “INTELLIGENT CHILD SAFETY SYSTEM USING MACHINE LEARNING IN IOT DEVICES” is developed to aid parents to monitor and track their children in real time as an alternate to stay beside them. This system is intended as an everyday wearable device on the child, in the form of a wrist band, hand glove, arm band or a belt. The system is designed to continuously monitor the location and body vitals of children. This electronic system comprises of an Arduino controller, a Raspberry-Pi and sensors to detect the changes in parameters such as temperature, BVP (Blood Volume Pulse) and GSR (Galvanic Skin Response). The system also uses a GSM and GPS module. Decision Tree Classifier Algorithm is used to detect any distress situation with sensor values as inputs. The location of the victim is traced using the GPS module and is sent to the registered contact numbers as a text message using a GSM module. The novelty of this work lies in the autonomous decision making process with increased accuracy.

India is an agricultural country with over 58% of income is earned through agro-based environment. Out of all, the major crop produced in India is Black pepper. The production of black pepper has played a very important role in enhancing the economic growth of our country. To help in enhancing the production and the export of black pepper from India, this study proposes a method to detect the ripening stages of peppercorns. An android application is developed to predict the maturity and ripeness of the peppercorns. This will help the cultivators to produce peppercorns as per the global market requirement.

This paper investigate the impact of metal contact on the performance of 10 nm channel length monolayer MoS2 transistor. We studied the interface charge density between various metal and MoS2 semiconductor interface using Atomistic Tool Kit (ATK). The electrical characteristics of MoS2 transistor is studied using extracted interface charge density. Non-equilibrium Green's function with mode space (NEGF_MS) is used to model the electron transport behavior of the monolayer MoS2 transistor for numerical simulation. We also investigate the impact of gate work function on drain characteristics, whereas the work function of gate metal has influenced the off-current. The drain current of monolayer MoS2 transistor with Scandium source/drain contact and Niobium as gate contact exhibits 1.92 times higher current than gold metal contact with reported field effect mobility of 649 cm2/V.

Background: Postpartum iron deficiency anemia is common in India as a consequence of postpartum hemorrhage. Recent studies have evaluated the use of parenteral iron as a better tolerated treatment modality. Compared with oral iron supplements, parenteral iron is associated with a rapid rise in serum ferritin and hemoglobin and improved maternal fatigue scores in the postpartum period. Parenteral iron may be considered for the treatment of postpartum anemia. The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose, in women with postpartum anemia.Methods: A clinical observational study was undertaken in a tertiary care hospital, 50 women within six weeks of delivery with Hb ≥6 gm/dl and ≤10 gm/dl received 1000 mg/week, over 15 minutes or less, repeated weekly to a calculated replacement dose (maximum 2500 mg) . Hemoglobin and serum ferritin levels were recorded prior to treatment and on day 21 after completion of treatment.Results: Ferric carboxymaltose-treated subjects achieved a hemoglobin greater than 12 gm/dL in a short time period (21 days), achieve a hemoglobin rise of ≥3 gm/dL more quickly, and attain higher serum ferritin levels. It is also associated with better patient compliance, and shorter treatment period. Drug-related adverse events occurred less frequently with ferric carboxymaltose. The only noted disadvantage was that it is more expensive when compared to other iron preperations.Conclusions: Intravenous ferric carboxymaltose was safe and well tolerated with good efficacy and better patient compliance in the treatment of postpartum iron deficiency anemia.

Image specific similar target detection is an image analysis method, where the regions of an image similar to that of the template image or query image (mostly selected from the same image) are detected. The proposed method makes use of Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) for modeling the template image. The quantized color features of the template image are used in building template’s GMM. Based on GMM, local descriptors of the query image are extracted by ranking the Gaussian mixtures, analyzing the regional distributions, contour shapes, etc of the individual Gaussian mixtures. A novel method of conditional merging of two top ranked Gaussian mixtures is proposed to improve the similar target detection accuracy. The proposed algorithm is rotation invariant and the experimental results show that the proposed algorithm performs well for similar target detection applications.

Background: Functional dyspepsia is considered to possess a wide spectrum of non specific upper gastrointestinal symptoms without any organic alteration, accounting for 60% of patient referrals to gastroenterology clinics. The objective was to study the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in patients with dyspepsia undergoing upper G. I. endoscopy. Methods: 100 cases of dyspepsia, studied clinically as per the proforma over a period of one and half years from October 2010 to November 2012, were subjected to upper gastro-intestinal endoscopy under topical anesthesia, during which biopsies, from the antrum was taken. Biopsy specimens were immediately placed onto a unit containing urea and an indicator. Positive test (rapid urease test) for Helicobacter pylori was indicated by change in color of the medium from yellow to pink or red. The case was taken as Helicobacter pylori positive when the rapid urease test was positive. Results: Out of 100 patients, with mean age of 41.8 years, 36 patients were diagnosed to have been infected with Helicobacter pylori (36%). Conclusions: In this study, we found that Helicobacter pylori were consistently associated with peptic ulcer disease, which is in broad agreement with the studies done earlier. Thus we conclude that, Helicobacter pylori infection may have a role in the etiopathogenesis of peptic ulcer disease.

In modern world people wish to use the public transports than of their personal transports because of the rise in petrol cost and other economic reasons. Most popular of all is bus, now the bus is increasingly becoming a tool to support a city's development over the long term. In this research idea, the proposed concept is to replace the manual work in traditional ticket system into embedded based ticket system. To make the system as automatic and also to ensure the comfort journey in the bus we are going for automatic ticket vending system using ARM processer.This system provides all information related to the passenger. Even normal people also operate the system easily because of the design of machine. Once the passenger reserved the ticket, automatically seating allotment of the passenger and other details send to the passengers mobile with the help of GSM. RFID reader integrated with the ZIGBEE technology will benefit from communications and sensing capabilities.The ARM architecture offers all the benefits of the proposed system. Because of the high speed, simplicity and other additional features makes it even more appealing to embedded system. In order to perform the above said operation ARM processer is already pre-programmed . By implementing this modern transport system in actual practice, due to less man power requirements, government can not only gain more benefits. But also, we can bring our national transport system towards global standards.

The overall percentage of child abusements filed nowadays in the world is about 80%, out of which 74% are girl children and the rest are boys. For every 40 seconds, a child goes missing in this world. Children are the backbone of one’s nation, if the future of children was affected, it would impact the entire growth of that nation. Due to the abusements, the emotional and mental stability of the children gets affected which in turn ruins their career and future. These innocent children are not responsible for what happens to them. So, parents are responsible for taking care of their own children. But, due to economic condition and aims to focus on their child’s future and career, parents are forced to crave for money. Hence, it becomes difficult to cling on to their children all the time. In our system, we provide an environment where this problem can be resolved in an efficient manner. It makes parents to easily monitor their children in real time just like staying beside them as well as focusing on their own career without any manual intervention.

4G network is the most efficient technology today. Its effectiveness in providing very high data rate and supporting various technologies simultaneously is very helpful in this fast developing world. Hence, 4G has emerged out as a highly promising network. This wireless network is capable of supporting a number of technologies and so it is necessary to assure that the mobile terminal is being handed off to the right technology. This decision has to be taken by considering several factors related to the base station, access point and received signal strength. So in this paper, we develop a vertical handoff technique which performs handover only after confirming that the handoff will be valid so as to avoid any false handoff occurrence. Then the decision related to the technology to which the mobile terminal has to be connected is made by using the decision function. Thus, in this paper the mobile terminal is handed over to the right wireless technology without carrying out any false handoff process.

In the present paper an investigation has been performed to examine the behavior of various alternative 3D models using ETABS software for reinforced concrete structure with central core wall with outrigger and without outrigger by varying the relative flexural rigidity from 0.25 to 2.0 with step of 0.25. Also the position of outrigger has been varied along the height of the building by considering a parameter relative height of outrigger from 0.975 to 0.4. The parameters discussed in this paper include variation of bending moments, shear force, lateral deflection, peak acceleration of the core; inter-storey drifts for static and dynamic analysis for a 3-dimensional model for various values of relative rigidity and relative height. From the analysis of the results obtained it has been found that performance of the outrigger is most efficient for relative height of the outrigger equal to 0.5.

One of the conventional ways of dispersing information in a university or corporate office is through the Notice Board. Notice boards are an ideal platform that allows one to put up information so that it can be seen by everyone. Whenever there is a new circular to be dispersed among the students or employees, it will be immediately put up on the notice board where everyone has to manually gather at the board and look into the notice. In the busy and fast moving world today, this will lead to wastage of time. Instead, this paper provides a solution to the above problem using NFC application. The idea that has been proposed in this paper is to display the notice board through NFC tags. Each NFC tag is programmed to contain the notice information to display. Whenever it is required for a circular to be displayed just program (Update the Notice) the NFC tag. The students, employees etc., can scan the NFC tag through their NFC enabled smart phones which downloads the notice in the document format online into their handheld devices. This solution is user-friendly as the end-user can read the notices at their own convenient time in turn leads no wastage of time.

Carcinoma buccal mucosa is the most common oral cavity cancer in India. Following excision of these lesions the defects can be reconstructed using various reconstructive techniques. Buccal pad of fat has been successfully used in the reconstruction of small palatal defects and in the closure of the oro antral fistula. This study aims at evaluating the role of buccal pad of fat in reconstruction of defects following excision of the small to medium premalignant lesions and T1–T2 malignant lesions of buccal mucosa. This study has 20 patients who presented between January 2013 and January 2015, with biopsy proven premalignant lesions and early malignant lesions in the buccal mucosa. The lesions were excised and reconstructed with buccal pad of fat. Patients were followed up for a period of 3 months, in this period were evaluated for flap epithelisation, postoperative complications like flap necrosis and infection and also the functional outcomes of the flap. In our study complete epithelisation of the flap was seen in all patients. Wound dehiscence was seen in three patients with larger defetcs(>5 cm). None of our patients had any post operative morbidity. This flap is therefore an excellent reconstruction technique for small to medium buccal mucosa defects as it is convenient, reliable, fast, has rich vascularity, easy accessibility, fewer complications and minimal or no donor site morbidity.

In challenged networks, such as opportunistic networks or Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs), due to frequent network partition an end-to-end connection between source and destination may not always be possible due to nodes move unpredictably with high speeds. For such type of networks, traditional routing protocols fails to transmit and also no guarantee on delivery of data to specified destination because these protocols deliver data definitely whenever there exists continuous end-to-end connectivity between source and destination over time. To provide efficient routing for such networks replication based routing schemes were proposed to achieve higher delivery probability. Unlike Internet protocols, Delay Tolerant Networks routing protocols follow store-carryforward mechanism to reduce packets dropping probability, tolerate delays and improve delivery performance in terms of delivery ratio and delivery latency. This paper defines the most efficient replication based routing protocols such as epidemic, PROPHET, spray and wait and Encounter based routing. This paper also explains how message TTL, buffer sizes and area of grid impact performance of replication based routing protocol in terms of delivery ratio and Average latency and overhead ratio.

Cloud computing is apace raising the most recent technology. High power consumption is the main drawback of cloud. The prevailing system provides a reactive and proactive Virtual Machine (VM) provisioning approach for the cloud. The prevailing system is tough to produce an honest exchange between power and performance. In the proposed system a unique approach to consolidate multiple virtual machines in exceedingly cloud-based distributed hosting surroundings. The proposed system uses Penguin Search Optimization Algorithm (PeSOA) to create an economical VM consolidation and helps planning, going up with the several concurrent virtual machines with different application. This system agrees to split VM sources along with applied programs, the amount of needed VMs is also decreased. The current strategy provides automated planning and realistic going up of several concurrent applications on specified features as favor thinking in an extremely allocated hosting atmosphere.

Areteriovenous malformations are rare in the head and neck region and generally arise from intracranial vessels. We present one rare case with spontaneous arteriovenous malformations related to the nose.

Background: Dietary diversity is a qualitative measure of food consumption that reflects household access to a variety of foods and is also a proxy for nutrient adequacy of diet of individual. Breast-feeding and complementary feeding practices are fundamental to children’s survival and development. Feeding practices have an impact on physical growth, which is one of the best indicators of children’s well-being. However, the relation between the quality of feeding practices during early age and nutritional status are difficult to establish, and, depending on the context and overall living conditions, the influence of feeding factors on children’s nutritional status can vary considerably. This study helps us to assess the dietary diversity score by simple food count method which is a good indicator of adequate micronutrient intake.Methods: The study was a retrospective study conducted on babies between 6 months to 23 months of age presenting in Paediatric outpatient Department. Data was collected by 24-hour recall method for 3 days and an average.Results: 30% of subjects had weight for age below 2 SD and 8% had length for age below 2 SD. Dietary diversity Score of 1and 6 in 8%, 2 in 48%, 3 and 5 in 6%, 4 in 24% was noted. The average scoring was low among 6-9 and10-12 months and it increased between 13-23 months. With increase in age there was increase in dietary diversity score and vice versa.Conclusions: Limited diversity in complementary foods is a strong predictor of the nutritional status of children. Inclusion of a variety of food groups may be more essential to improve child’s nutritional status.

Background: Birth defects are a diverse group of disorders with prenatal origin that can be caused by single gene defects, chromosomal disorders, multifactorial inheritance, environmental teratogens and or micronutrient deficiencies. The objective of this study was to study the prevalence of congenital anomalies in Department of Pediatrics at Rajarajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Kambipura, Bangalore.Methods: The study population includes all babies born between 1 August 2015 and 31st July 2016. The babies were examined and assessed thoroughly for the presence of a congenital anomaly and were then distributed system wise by the pediatrician. Surgical conditions were also reevaluated by a pediatric surgeon.Results: Among the 2,137 deliveries, 86 babies had congenital malformations. Prematurity, consanguinity and increased maternal age elevate the appearance of congenital anomalies. The cardiovascular malformations were most common with a prevalence rate of 4%.Conclusions: Congenital anomalies are a global health problem. Thus, this study supports us to understand the prevalence of congenital anomalies. There is no association of congenital malformations with low birth weight babies. Consanguinity should be discouraged. Early antenatal scan aids in prior detection of congenital anomalies Appropriate genetic counselling can reduce the anomalies in future pregnancies.

Background: The aim of this study was to study the clinical outcome of infants beyond neonatal period who presented with acute onset pulmonary artery hypertension of unknown etiology.Methods: This is a retrospective case record analysis of all the babies admitted to pediatric intensive care unit between January 2013 to March 2017 at Rajarajeswari Medical College with signs and symptoms of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension on clinical examination and ECHO. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis has been carried out in the present study. Results: Out of 49 infants beyond neonatal period who presented with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension, 9 were females and 40 were males. 43 babies required ventilator support and 6 babies required only supplemental oxygen. Out of 33 babies who expired, cardiogenic shock and severe hypoxia was the main cause of death in 19, pulmonary hemorrhage in 4, acute kidney injury and fluid overload in 2, multi organ dysfunction in 1, septicemia in 4 and disseminated intravascular coagulation in 3. Babies who survived less than 72 hours cardiogenic shock and severe hypoxia was the main cause of death and babies who survived more than a week, pulmonary hemorrhage, acute kidney injury and fluid overload, multi organ dysfunction, septicemia and disseminated intravascular coagulation were the main cause of death. Conclusions: There is a need for research in infants beyond neonatal period with pulmonary arterial hypertension, to find out the etiology.

Terminalia catappa Linn. is known for its nutritional fruit and possesses medicinal benefits as well. This is a comprehensive review of the phytoconstituents and pharmacological benefits. T. catappa has been recognized for its medicinally essential phytoconstituents, such as phenol, flavonoid, and carotenoid. Numerous pharmacological investigations have confirmed this plant's ability to exhibit antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and anticancer activities, all of which support its traditional uses.

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) play a vital role in the field of automation and control where sensing of information is the first step before any automated task could be performed. In order to facilitate such incessant tasks with less energy consumption ratio, clustering is incorporated at large to enhance the network lifetime. Traditional clustering algorithms become weak as the advancements in wireless technology progresses towards better energy efficient solutions. Unequal Cluster-based Routing (UCR) is one of the most efficient solutions to prolong the network lifetime and to solve the hotspot problem that is usually found in equal clustering mechanisms. In this paper, we present an Infrequent Route (IFR) selection strategy that helps in finding an efficient next hop to send the data aggregated by cluster heads to the base station. Also we provide an enhancement on the Energy-Efficient Unequal Clustering (EEUC) algorithm which is a part of the UCR protocol to facilitate the incorporation of IFR in WSNs in order to prolong the lifetime of the network. Simulation analysis is performed using the network simulator to show the efficiency of the proposed method.